CN102088122A - Charging method and charging device for secondary lithium battery pack - Google Patents
Charging method and charging device for secondary lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charging method for a secondary lithium battery pack, comprising the following steps: judging whether the secondary lithium battery pack needs to be charged or not, performing the following steps if yes, and exiting if no; judging connections between each cell and other cells in the battery pack, and enabling the battery pack to form a plurality of independent cells; respectively carrying out adjustable constant-current charging on the independent cells; after all cells are charged, reading a configuration file for representing the connection relationship of the battery pack composed of the cells; and connecting the single cells into the battery pack according to the configuration file. The invention also relates to a charging device for a secondary lithium battery pack. The charging method and the charging device for a secondary lithium battery pack have the following beneficial effect that a connection mode between each two cells in the battery pack can be adjusted on line, and each cell can be independently charged in charging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery charge, more particularly, relate to a kind of charging method and charging device of lithium secondary battery.
Background technology
Along with development of electronic technology, increasing portable type electronic product, for example: Medical Devices, notebook, game machine, PDA, video camera or the like, use lithium secondary battery to power.The single electric core specification of lithium secondary battery is standard relatively, as: the capacity 2200mAh of 18650 cylindrical electrical cores, nominal voltage 3.7V, maximum charging voltage 4.25V.But electric core terminal voltage of existing list and finite capacity are difficult to meet the demands in numerous application.Usually adopt mode to satisfy numerous application by the series-parallel battery pack of a plurality of chargeable electric cores.But this mode is because the requirement difference of using, and for example, requiring the battery pack output voltage sometimes is 7.4V, and other application may to require output voltage be 14.8V.Different output voltages, different capacity, the inner connecting way of this lithium secondary battery are just different.Such as: lithium secondary battery capacity required 2200mAh, 29.6V can be with the single electric core series connection of 8 joints; Capacity required 4400mAh, 14.8V can be with single electric core 4 strings 2 of 8 joints also; Capacity required 8800mAh, 7.4V can be with single electric core 2 strings 4 of 8 joints also.Capacity required 17600mAh, 3.7V can be with the single electric core parallel connection of 8 joints.Though in above-mentioned 4 kinds of demands, its elementary cell is common, all be 8 economize on electricity cores.But lithium secondary battery manufacturer tends to produce 4 sections of battery pack and meets consumers' demand.Greatly reduce production efficiency, increase the follow-up maintenance expense.Between the lithium secondary battery monomer electricity core, there is bigger difference in addition at aspect of performances such as capacity, internal resistance, attenuation characteristic, self discharges.During in the prior art to lithium secondary battery integral body serial connection charge, that single lithium battery electricity core of capacity minimum will be full of electricity at first in the battery pack, and this moment, other electric core also is not full of.If the continuation serial connection charge, the lithium ion single electricity core that then has been full of electricity just may be overcharged.May produce blast, have influence on the fail safe of lithium secondary battery.If stop charging, other lithium ion single electricity core just can't be full of electricity, causes whole lithium secondary battery pool-size not enough.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, at prior art above-mentioned dispatch from the factory connected mode between the electric core of battery pack inside, back can not adjust, can not be when charging at each electric core defective of charging separately, provide connected mode between a kind of electric core of the battery pack inside, back of dispatching from the factory can adjust, can be when charging at each electric core charging method and the device of a kind of lithium secondary battery of charging separately.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of lithium secondary battery charging method, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, comprises the steps:
A) judge whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging, in this way, carries out following step, otherwise, withdraw from;
B) disconnect being connected of other electric cores in each electric core and this battery pack, make described battery pack become a plurality of independent electric cores;
C) respectively described independent electric core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
D) after all electric core chargings are finished, read the configuration file that the described electric core of expression is formed the annexation of battery pack, described single electric core is connected to form battery pack according to described configuration file.
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, each electric core is connected with other electric cores in the described battery pack by at least one gate-controlled switch in the described battery pack, and described control switch is by its break-make of microprocessor controls.
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C1) whether judge electric core voltage greater than 2 volts, as less than, adopt the 0.01C constant current charge; As not, adopt the 1C constant current charge;
C2) whether judge described electric core voltage less than 4.1V, as less than, return step C1); Otherwise adopting with conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve is the gradually little constant current charge of control mode.
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C3) measure the capacity of described single electric core respectively, judge whether it is full of, in this way, carry out next step, otherwise, return step C1);
C4) judge whether all electric cores all are full of in the described lithium secondary battery, in this way, execution in step D); Otherwise, return step C1).
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, described step D) further comprises the steps: in
D1) read and be stored in configuration file in the memory or that come by microcontroller communication bus transmission in advance;
D2) microcontroller is according to the content of described configuration file, in different output output control signals, makes to connect the gate-controlled switch conducting between the electric core or end accordingly.
The invention still further relates to a kind of lithium battery charging device, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, and described device comprises:
Battery capacity detects judge module: be used to judge whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging;
Electricity core partition module: be used for disconnecting being connected of each electric core and these other electric cores of battery pack, make described battery pack become a plurality of electric cores separately;
Adjustable constant-flow charging module: respectively described independent electric core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
Electricity core composite module: after all electric core chargings are finished, read the configuration file that the described electric core of expression is formed the annexation of battery pack, described single electric core is connected to form battery pack according to described configuration file.
In lithium secondary battery charging device of the present invention, described adjustable constant-flow charging module further comprises:
Electricity core voltage judging unit: be used to judge that whether electric core voltage is greater than 2 volts;
Electricity core charged state judging unit: be used to judge that whether electric core voltage is less than 4.1 volts;
Constant current charge unit: be used for output, adopt 0.01C constant current charge or 1C constant current charge respectively or be described electric core charging in the gradually little constant current charge mode that conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve are control mode according to described electric core voltage and electric core charged state judging unit.
In lithium secondary battery charging device of the present invention, described electric core composite module further comprises::
Configuration file is obtained the unit: be used for reading and be stored in configuration file memory or that come by microcontroller communication bus transmission in advance;
Dispensing unit: be used for the content according to described configuration file,, make to connect the gate-controlled switch conducting between the electric core or end accordingly in different microcontroller output output control signals.
In lithium secondary battery charging device of the present invention, described battery capacity detects judge module and further comprises:
Battery pack current measuring unit: be used for measuring respectively the voltage or the electric current of described battery pack, obtain the residual capacity of described battery pack, judge whether described battery pack needs charging.
Implement the charging method and the charging device of lithium secondary battery of the present invention, has following beneficial effect: owing to the connection between a plurality of electric core that will form this battery pack when battery pack need be charged disconnects, the constant current charge that separately each battery is fit to its state, all electric cores are finished after the charging, again its description according to configuration file is coupled together (at this moment, can be preceding the same with charging, also can be different).So the connected mode between the electric core of its battery pack inside, back of dispatching from the factory can be adjusted, can charge separately at each electric core when charging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the charging method of a kind of lithium secondary battery of the present invention and installs method flow diagram among the embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that separately electric core adjustable constant-flow is charged among the described embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that installs among the described embodiment;
Fig. 4 is an electric core adjustable constant-flow charging electrical schematic diagram among the described embodiment;
Fig. 5 is an electric core unit structural representation in the lithium secondary battery among the described embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the electrical schematic diagram of lithium secondary battery among the described embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, in the charging method and device embodiment of a kind of lithium secondary battery of the present invention, this charging method comprises the steps:
Step S101 begins: in this step, begin lithium secondary battery is carried out Charge Management.
Step S102 microcontroller receives user instruction: in this step, receive user's instruction as the microcontroller of control device, and begin to export control signal, the discharge of control battery pack according to the default mode of user instruction or setting.Microcontroller and user's communications agreement comprise the agreement position of selecting to be provided with voltage output mode (being the integrated mode of a plurality of electric cores), can form such as 8 economize on electricity cores: 8 joint series connection, 4 strings 2 are also, 4 and 2 strings, 8 joints are in parallel.By the combination of communication protocol position, distinguish above-mentioned voltage array output pattern.00 represent 8 joint series connection, 01 represent 4 strings 2 also, 10 represent 4 and 2 strings, 11 to represent 8 to save parallel connection.
The configuration file that step S103 storage user is provided with: in this step, microcontroller receives above-mentioned instruction, the output mode of voltage to the effect that (configuration file just) of these instructions, and with this configuration file stores in memory.These configuration files will be used in follow-up step.
Step S105 battery capacity detects: in this step, microcontroller detects battery capacity according to the enclosed pasture method, particularly, and the current capacity Q that is full of of the residual capacity=lithium secondary battery of lithium secondary battery
When The charge Q of-battery output; And the electric charge of battery output
, definite current with high accuracy of can connecting in the loop of electric current detects resistance R sense, (being generally 10m Ω ~ 20m Ω).By the voltage U sense at collection resistance R sense two ends, but the electric charge of counting cell output
The current capacity Q that is full of of lithium secondary battery
When :
, wherein
Be the total capacity of battery, SOC is the charged state of battery.By the time of statistics constant current source charging, revise the current battery capacity that is full of of SOC energy refinement lithium secondary battery, the apparatus for battery capacity measurement precision has been improved 2～5%.
Whether step S106 capacity is sufficient: in this step, microcontroller is judged battery capacity.If the battery electric quantity abundance then continues power supply, i.e. execution in step S108; If find electric core electric weight deficiency, powering mode is withdrawed from the connection that disconnects between the electric core, enters adjustable constant current charging mode automatically, i.e. execution in step S107.
Step S107 disconnects the connection between the electric core, enter adjustable constant current charging mode: in this step, make that the electric core in the battery pack disconnects each other, become independent electric core, and these independent electric cores are carried out adjustable constant current charge respectively, its concrete steps are described after a while.Execute after this step execution in step S108.
Step S108 is according to preassigned pattern string and array output: set output mode earlier, output voltage in predetermined patterns again after electric core is full of electricity can increase the fail safe of battery pack, reduces misoperation of users.In this step, normally or by adjustable constant-flow charging make battery capacity normal, once more the electric core in the battery pack is made up at this to single electric core owing to judged battery capacity, will be according to the preassigned pattern array output.Can form such as 8 economize on electricity cores: 8 joint series connection, 4 strings 2 are also, 4 and 2 strings, 8 joints are in parallel.The Default Value pattern is a default mode, does not receive software command, will be according to the setting output voltage that dispatches from the factory.Compound mode by being connected the closing of field effect transistor, photo-electric control device or relay between the electric core, that be subjected to microcontroller output control, open-minded, is selected concrete connection in series-parallel compound mode, referring to Fig. 4.
Step S109 output voltage: in this step, battery pack begin for its with electric.
Step S110 electric current and voltage detects: in this step, when battery pack was its electric, microcontroller was monitored the lithium battery electric core state.
Do step S111 voltage, electric current transfinite? in this step, microcontroller judges according to detected voltage, current value whether battery-powered electric current and voltage value surpasses normal the qualification, in this way, and execution in step S112, otherwise, execution in step S114.
The single electric core protection of step S112: in this step, the terminal voltage of battery, the electric current of output surpass in limited time normal, will start single electric core protection module, finish the protection to lithium battery electric core.
Step S113 fault alarm and processing: produce relevant alarm and give the user, treat that the user handles.After fault finishes, execution in step S114.
Step S114 output voltage: in this step, the battery pack output voltage drives load, and keeps setting-up time, enters step S102 subsequently once more, and circulation is carried out.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, charging comprises the steps: for the adjustable constant-flow of the single electric core that is disconnected
Step S201 cuts off the connection between the electric core, enter constant current charging mode: in this step to independent electric core, make the electric core in the battery pack disconnect each other, become independent electric core, and these independent electric cores are carried out adjustable constant current charge respectively, so-called adjustable constant current charging mode comprises three phases: the constant current of 0.01C electric current, the constant current of 1C electric current, gradually little constant current charge.
Is step S202 electricity core crossed and is put? judge whether electric core exists over-discharge can, execution in step S203 in this way, otherwise, execution in step S205.For the lithium secondary battery of long-term placement, its electric core had the risk of putting.In the present embodiment, when electric core voltage is lower than 2V, judge that then it was in the state of putting.At this moment, should take the current charges of 0.01C, come activating lithium battery electricity core performance progressively.
Step S203 0.01C constant current charge: in this step, the electric core that was in the state of putting for judgement provides 0.01C constant current charge, and certain time.
Step S204 0.01C constant current charge activated batteries performance? determining step S203 is in activated batteries performance whether after after a while, and promptly voltage that whether should the electricity core is brought up on the 2V, in this way, and execution in step S205; Otherwise execution in step S210.
Step S205 1C constant current charge: when electric core voltage greater than 2V, show that electric core belongs to state of activation, takes the 1C constant current charge.The part battery in use for some time, internal resistance increases in various degree, the 1C constant current charge is difficult to accurately guarantee one by one.The constant current charge end of each electric core of the present invention is independently controlled by microcontroller, is combined to form the sub-device of negative feedback with amplifier, can guarantee the accuracy to electric core charging fully.Referring to Fig. 4.To electric core independently the 1C constant current charge continue to carry out, reach state 1 up to electric core and finish, constant current charge changes the next stage over to.For the cylindrical lithium secondary battery group, state 1 refers to that monomer electricity core voltage is 4.1V.
Step S206 electricity core voltage reaches state 4.1V: in this step, judge whether the voltage of electric core reaches 4.1V, in this way, execution in step S207; Otherwise, return step S205.
The gradually little constant current charge of step S207: when electric core voltage reaches state 4.1V, will take gradually little constant current charge.Microcontroller can reduce charging current I (t) gradually, and the mode of control is: conic section
Or Gaussian curve
Dull trailing edge.Gradually little constant current charge can guarantee the fail safe of electric core, is full of end up to electric core.
Are all electric cores of step S208 full of? in this step, judge whether that electric cores all in the battery pack all is full of, in this way, execution in step S209; Otherwise execution in step S207 continues as electric core charging.
Step S209 obtains configuration file, according to predetermined string and array output: after all electric cores are full of electricity, in this step, obtain above-mentioned configuration file or agreement position, and under the effect of microcontroller, control the conducting of the gate-controlled switch between the electric core or end string that obtains being scheduled to and array output.
Step S210 cuts off charge power supply, produces to report to the police: in this step, the lithium secondary battery for the 0.01C current charges can't effectively activate when cutting off charge power supply, can produce relevant alarm and give the user.Wait for that the user handles.
In the present embodiment, also relate to a kind of charging device of lithium secondary battery, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores.As shown in Figure 3, this device comprises that battery capacity detects judge module 1, the partition of electric core module 2, adjustable constant-flow charging module 3 and electric core composite module 4.Wherein, battery capacity detection judge module 1 is used to judge whether above-mentioned lithium secondary battery needs charging; Electricity core partition module 2 is used for disconnecting being connected of each electric core and these other electric cores of battery pack, makes above-mentioned battery pack become a plurality of electric cores separately; Adjustable constant-flow charging module 3 is used for respectively above-mentioned independent electric core being carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging; Electricity core composite module 4 is used for all electric cores chargings finish after, read the configuration file that the described electric core of expression is formed the annexation of battery pack, according to described configuration file described single electric core is connected to form battery pack.
In the present embodiment, adjustable constant-flow charging module 3 further comprises: be used to judge that electric core voltage is whether greater than 2 volts electric core voltage judging unit 31; Be used to judge that electric core state is whether less than 1 electric core charged state judging unit 32; Be used for output, adopt 0.01C constant current charge or 1C constant current charge respectively or be control mode with conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve gradually little constant current charge mode is the constant current charge unit 33 of described electric core charging according to described electric core voltage and electric core charged state judging unit 32.Electricity core composite module 4 comprises that further being used for reading the configuration file that is stored in configuration file memory or that come by the transmission of microcontroller communication bus in advance obtains unit 41 and be used for content according to described configuration file, microcontroller output output control signal different makes to connect gate-controlled switch conducting between the electric core or the dispensing unit 42 that ends accordingly.And battery capacity detection judge module 1 further comprises voltage or the electric current that is used for measuring respectively described battery pack, obtains the residual capacity of described battery pack, judges whether described battery pack needs the battery pack current measuring unit 11 that charges.
The schematic electrical schematic diagram that connects when in the present embodiment, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show being connected of single electric core and microcontroller and a plurality of electric core combination respectively.In fact Fig. 4 has represented the constant current charge module for single electric core, and this module comprises: microcontroller U1, amplifier U2, metal-oxide-semiconductor U3, electric core B1, resistance R 1, resistance R 2.The I/O pin output analog signal of microcontroller U1, it is connected to the positive terminal of amplifier U2.The negative phase end of amplifier U2 is connected to metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 source end, arrives ground by resistance R 2.Electricity core B1 is connected between metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 drain terminal and the charge power supply.The output of amplifier U2 is connected to the grid end of metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 by resistance R 1, and resistance R 1, metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 have just constituted the feedback loop of amplifier like this.Because amplifier is followed the principle of " empty short, empty disconnected ", the microcontroller U1 output voltage that links to each other with amplifier U2 positive terminal equals the R2 that links to each other with amplifier U2 negative phase end.That is to say: the magnitude of voltage of the I/O pin output of microcontroller U1 equals to be added in the voltage on the resistance R 2.Resistance R 2 is linear elements, and the electric current that flows through can change with the voltage direct ratio.Change adjustable voltage, will change the electric current of metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 leakage-source end, can control the charging current of battery B1.
With resistance R 2=0.5 ohm; The capacity 2200mAh of 18650 cylindrical electrical cores, nominal voltage 3.7V, maximum charging voltage 4.25V, final discharging voltage 2.75V, crossing and putting protection voltage 2.3V is example.Do not use when the permanent storage of battery, electric core voltage is lower than 2V, then is in the state of putting.Under the constant current charging mode, the I/O pin output voltage 11mV of microcontroller U1 is added in the voltage 11mV just on the R2.The electric current that flows through linear resistance R2 is 11mV/0.5 ohm=22mA, and 22mA is exactly the charging current of battery B1.For 18650 cylindrical electrical cores of capacity 2200mAh, if battery does not have permanent damage, the such 0.01C electric current of 22mA is an activated current effectively.Lithium secondary battery for the 0.01C current charges can't effectively activate when cutting off charge power supply, can produce relevant warning.
Electricity core voltage is higher than 2.75V, and electric core is in normal condition.Under the constant current charging mode, the I/O pin output voltage 1.1V of microcontroller U1 is added in the voltage 1.1V just on the R2.The electric current that flows through linear resistance R2 is 1.1V/0.5 ohm=2.2A, and 2.2A is exactly the charging current of battery B1.For 18650 cylindrical electrical cores of capacity 2200mAh, the such 1C electric current of 2.2A is the charging current an of the best, has both guaranteed cell safety, is full of electric charge for electric core in time that can be the shortest again.
When electricity core voltage was higher than 4.1V, promptly the electric core in the flow chart 3 reached state 1, takes gradually little constant current charge.The I/O pin output voltage of microcontroller U1 begins from 1.1V, progressively reduces.The mode that voltage reduces is a conic section
Or Gaussian curve
Dull trailing edge, after all being full of, close metal-oxide-semiconductor U3, charging is finished to electric core B1.
At present embodiment, lithium secondary battery is combined by a plurality of electric core units, and the conversion of the annexation between these electric core units makes the voltage and the electric current of last this lithium secondary battery output that difference all be arranged.But no matter the annexation between these electric core units is how conversion, the electric core in these electric core units is all to be charging separately in charging.
As shown in Figure 5, in the present embodiment, a lithium secondary battery comprises a plurality of electric core units, between a plurality of electric core units, can or connect switch and connect (seeing also Fig. 6) by connecting line, and the structure of an electric core unit roughly comprises electric core E, two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K1, K2, charge switch K3, when above-mentioned two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s when to get to the label shown in Fig. 5 be 1 switch terminals, power supply VCC falls down to the ground through 1 end, electric core E positive pole, electric core E negative pole, 1 end of K switch 2, the charge switch K3 of K switch 1, forms charge circuit 51; And when above-mentioned two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s when to get to the label shown in Fig. 5 be 2 switch terminals, the both positive and negative polarity of electric core E is connected with external circuit or other electric core units by 2 ends of K switch 1 and K switch 2 respectively, formation discharge loop 52.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), connection switch or charge switch are controlled switch, and it is respectively field effect transistor or transistor constitutes.Simultaneously, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned lithium secondary battery also comprises microcontroller, and single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), connection switch or charge switch are respectively arranged with control end, it is stated control end and connects with the different outputs of described microcontroller (being micro controller I/O end) respectively, is subjected to the control of the control signal of microcontroller output.
In the present embodiment, each electric core is all taked above-mentioned constant current charge, and the charging end is independently controlled by microcontroller, can guarantee the accuracy to electric core charging fully.After all electric cores are full of, will export according to the mode combinations that the last time receives.The discharge principle of this lithium secondary battery is not done concrete elaboration with technology is identical at present.Present embodiment provides a kind of string and array output module of using said method, for sake of clarity, select partial circuit with 4 strings 2 also, 4 and 2 strings automatically switch to example, as shown in Figure 6.
The circuit theory diagrams of lithium secondary battery connection in series-parallel array output comprise: fuse Fuse, electric capacity y1, electric capacity y2, independently electric core B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, amplifier U1, U2, switch MOS pipe Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19.Single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10.
Electric capacity y1, electric capacity y2 are serially connected between positive pole, the negative pole, play the effect of filtering noise.Ck1, Ck2, Ck3 are connected to the digital I/O pin of microcontroller, are concatenated into the control end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 respectively by resistance R 17, R18, R19.Amplifier U1, U2, switch MOS pipe Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 have formed the adjustable constant-flow charhing unit of 8 independence electric core B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8.
Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck1 output high level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, in node C11, C12, C21, C22, C31, C32, C41, C42, C51, C52, C61, C62, C71, C72, C81, Cf82 conducting, battery pack is in charged state respectively.Each electric core is in the adjustable constant-flow charged state respectively, and concrete principle sees above-mentioned explanation for details.
Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck1 output low level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10, in node f11, f12, f21, f22, f31, f32, f41, f42, f51, f52, f61, f62, f71, f72, f81, f82 conducting, battery pack is in discharge condition respectively.
Battery B1, B2 serial connection is one the tunnel, and battery B3, B4 serial connection is one the tunnel, these two branch road parallel connections; Battery B5, B6 serial connection is one the tunnel, and battery B7, B8 serial connection is one the tunnel, these two branch road parallel connections; 2 branch roads after the parallel connection can compose in parallel 4 and 2 strings, and 2 branch roads after the parallel connection also can be composed in series 2 and 4 strings.
Lithium secondary battery and user's communications agreement comprise the agreement position of selecting to be provided with the voltage output mode, can form such as 8 economize on electricity cores: 8 joint series connection, 4 strings 2 are also, 4 and 2 strings, 8 joints are in parallel.By the combination of communication protocol position, distinguish above-mentioned voltage array output pattern.00 represent 8 joint series connection, 01 represent 4 strings 2 also, 10 represent 4 and 2 strings, 11 to represent 8 to save parallel connection.After receiving user's software command, can implement combination, make battery have 4 kinds of selectable voltage outputs.The Default Value pattern is a default mode, does not receive software command, according to the setting output voltage that dispatches from the factory.
The agreement position of the output mode that receives when the last time is: 01, and represent 4 to go here and there 2 also.Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck2, Ck3 output high level, Ck1 output low level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 are respectively in node f11, f12, f21, f22, f31, f32, f41, f42, f51, f52, f61, f62, f71, f72, f81, f82, K92, K101 conducting.Realize single electric core 4 strings 2 voltage way of output also.
The agreement position of the output mode that receives when the last time is: 10, and represent 2 to go here and there 4 also.Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck2, Ck3 output low level, Ck1 output low level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 are respectively in node f11, f12, f21, f22, f31, f32, f41, f42, f51, f52, f61, f62, f71, f72, f81, f82, K91, K102 conducting.Realize single electric core 2 strings 4 voltage way of output also.
K11 among Fig. 6, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 are the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipes, be replaced with switching devices such as photo-electric control device, field effect transistor, relay, also can realize above-mentioned function.The closing of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe, open-minded is subjected to the control of microcontroller fully, selects concrete connection in series-parallel compound mode.
Be example with 8 economize on electricity cores in this enforcement, but in other embodiments, be not limited in the lithium secondary battery of 8 economize on electricity cores.In other embodiments, the electric core quantity of lithium secondary battery can be arbitrarily.For the lithium secondary battery of how electric core, implementation is the same, has just expanded communication protocol respectively and has comprised and select to be provided with the agreement position of voltage output mode and the number of combinations of switching tube.In the application of lithium secondary battery, more commonly used at present from 4 economize on electricity core to 24 economize on electricity cores.Can form as 24 economize on electricity cores: 12 strings 2 also, 8 strings 3 also, 6 strings 4 also, 4 strings 6 also, 3 strings 8 also, 2 strings 12 also.By the expansion of communication protocol position, distinguish above-mentioned voltage array output pattern, as: 000 represent 12 strings 2 also, 001 represent 8 strings 3 also, 010 represent 6 strings 4 also, 011 represent and 4 goes here and there 6 also, 100 represents and 3 go here and there 8 also, 101 represent 2 to go here and there 12 also.After receiving user's software command, microcontroller can be implemented combination, makes battery have 6 kinds of selectable voltage outputs.The Default Value pattern is a default mode, does not receive software command, according to the setting output voltage that dispatches from the factory.
The connection in series-parallel compound mode that 24 economize on electricity cores are formed can increase corresponding switching tube quantity.K11, the K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, the K10 that are similar among Fig. 5 are the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipes, be replaced with switching devices such as photo-electric control device, relay, field effect transistor, also can realize above-mentioned function.
The above embodiment has only expressed several execution mode of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection range of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (9)
1. lithium secondary battery charging method, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A) judge whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging, in this way, carries out following step, otherwise, withdraw from;
B) disconnect being connected of other electric cores in each electric core and this battery pack, make described battery pack become a plurality of independent electric cores;
C) respectively described independent electric core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
D) after all electric core chargings are finished, read configuration file that prestore, the described electric core annexation of expression, described single electric core is connected to form battery pack according to described configuration file.
2. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each electric core is connected with other electric cores in the described battery pack by at least one gate-controlled switch in the described battery pack, and the break-make of described control switch is by microprocessor controls.
3. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C1) whether judge electric core voltage greater than 2 volts, as less than, adopt the 0.01C constant current charge; As not, adopt the 1C constant current charge;
C2) whether judge described electric core voltage less than 4.1V, as less than, return step C1); Otherwise adopting with conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve is the gradually little constant current charge of control mode.
4. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C3) measure the capacity of described single electric core respectively, judge whether it is full of, in this way, carry out next step, otherwise, return step C1);
C4) judge whether all electric cores all are full of in the described lithium secondary battery, in this way, execution in step D); Otherwise, return step C1).
5. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described step D) in further comprise the steps:
D1) read and be stored in configuration file in the memory or that come by microcontroller communication bus transmission in advance;
D2) microcontroller is according to the content of described configuration file, in different output output control signals, makes to connect the gate-controlled switch conducting between the electric core or end accordingly.
6. lithium secondary battery charging device, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, it is characterized in that, and described device comprises:
Battery capacity detects judge module: be used to judge whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging;
Electricity core partition module: be used for disconnecting being connected of each electric core and these other electric cores of battery pack, make described battery pack become a plurality of electric cores separately;
Adjustable constant-flow charging module: respectively described independent electric core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
Electricity core composite module: after all electric core chargings are finished, read the configuration file that the described electric core of expression is formed the annexation of battery pack, described single electric core is connected to form battery pack according to described configuration file.
7. lithium secondary battery charging device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described adjustable constant-flow charging module further comprises:
Electricity core voltage judging unit: be used to judge that whether electric core voltage is greater than 2 volts;
Electricity core charged state judging unit: be used to judge that whether electric core voltage is less than 4.1 volts;
Constant current charge unit: be used for output, adopt 0.01C constant current charge or 1C constant current charge respectively or be described electric core charging in the gradually little constant current charge mode that conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve are control mode according to described electric core voltage and electric core charged state judging unit.
8. lithium secondary battery charging device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described electric core composite module further comprises::
Configuration file is obtained the unit: be used for reading and be stored in configuration file memory or that come by microcontroller communication bus transmission in advance;
Dispensing unit: be used for the content according to described configuration file,, make to connect the gate-controlled switch conducting between the electric core or end accordingly in different microcontroller output output control signals.
9. lithium secondary battery charging device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described battery capacity detects judge module and further comprises:
Battery pack current measuring unit: be used for measuring respectively the voltage or the electric current of described battery pack, obtain the residual capacity of described battery pack, judge whether described battery pack needs charging.
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| CN102088122B (en) | 2013-02-13 |
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