CN102086823A - Small temperature-rise low-entropy mixing combustion engine - Google Patents

Small temperature-rise low-entropy mixing combustion engine Download PDF

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CN102086823A
CN102086823A CN2011100359985A CN201110035998A CN102086823A CN 102086823 A CN102086823 A CN 102086823A CN 2011100359985 A CN2011100359985 A CN 2011100359985A CN 201110035998 A CN201110035998 A CN 201110035998A CN 102086823 A CN102086823 A CN 102086823A
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firing chamber
dilatant
fuel
source
gas
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靳北彪
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/001430 priority patent/WO2012024898A1/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a small temperature-rise low-entropy mixing combustion engine which comprises a combustion chamber, an expanding agent source and a fuel source, wherein the combustion chamber is arranged as a piston engine combustion chamber and a marine engine combustion chamber; the fuel source is communicated with the combustion chamber through a fuel lead-in control mechanism; the expanding agent source is communicated with the combustion chamber through an expanding agent lead-in control mechanism; and more than 5% of the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel in the fuel source entering the combustion chamber is absorbed by the expanding agent in the expanding agent source in the combustion chamber by virtue of the control of a combustion control device for the fuel lead-in control mechanism and the expanding agent lead-in control mechanism. The small temperature-rise low-entropy mixing combustion engine disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency and good environmental friendliness.

Description

Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat energy and power field, especially a kind of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.
Background technique
For improving the efficient of traditional combustion engine (comprising internal-combustion piston engine and internal combustion type turbine), existing many schemes propose to firing chamber jet expansion agent.But, yet be one of most important factor of influence efficient of internal-combustion engine in combustion chambers of internal combustion engines jet expansion agent scheme to the amount and the pressure and temperature state in the preceding firing chamber of burning of firing chamber jet expansion agent without any the clear and definite amount of jet expansion agent and spray pressure state in the preceding firing chamber in the firing chamber of scheme.Therefore, need clearly the status parameter of gas when the amount of firing chamber jet expansion agent and internal-combustion engine compression process are over so that to firing chamber jet expansion agent and the working medium status parameter after burning more reasonable, with the efficient of raising motor.
Summary of the invention
Two kinds of representative elaboration modes of the second law of thermodynamics are: one, Kelvin's elaboration mode be " can not be from the single source draw heat, make it to become useful work fully and do not cause other variations."; Two, Clausius's elaboration mode is " can not pass to high temp objects to heat from cryogenic object and do not produce other influences ".The Kano proposes in " power of opinion fire " paper of delivering in its 1824: hot machine must operate between two thermals source, from the high temperature heat source draw heat, again the part of institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source, only in this way could obtain mechanical work.And the Kano has proposed famous Carnot theorem, i.e. η=1-T according to this conclusion 2/ T 1, (wherein, η is a cycle efficiency, T 1Be the temperature of high temperature heat source, T 2Temperature for low-temperature heat source), Carnot theorem is the theorem that has guiding significance in the present hot mechanism opinion.At present people to the understanding of Carnot theorem are: the heat that working medium is drawn from high temperature heat source in the isothermal inflation process under the high temperature heat source temperature is considered as the heat of " from the high temperature heat source draw heat " in the Carnot theorem; The heat that working medium is discharged to environment is considered as that a part of heat of " part of institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source " in the Carnot theorem.Yet in the hot machine circulation of reality, high temperature heat source all is artificial the manufacturing, and low-temperature heat source all is according to the state (temperature and pressure) of working medium under the high temperature heat source and the thermodynamic property of working medium, and inflation process is made voluntarily.For example, in external-combustion engine, if inject dilatant in the working medium under the high temperature heat source temperature and make dilatant absorb under the high temperature heat source temperature that heat boosts or generating gasification (containing criticalization process and superheating process) is boosted, and make the pressure parameter of the working medium (working medium of so-called new formation comprises original working medium and dilatant) of new formation reach a kind of like this state: promptly expansion working at the end the temperature of working medium be lower than even be lower than significantly ambient temperature.That the merit that such cyclic process is exported is bound to is approaching, equal or exceed the heat that absorbs from high temperature heat source, in other words, that its efficient is bound to is approaching, equal or exceed 100%, if the temperature of the working medium of expansion working is lower than ambient temperature, just can not still can or be derived from the low-temperature heat source heat absorption to the low-temperature heat source heat extraction, the working medium that is derived can be thrown into other thermals source (comprising high temperature heat source) of any temperature.For example in internal-combustion engine, the high temperature heat source of internal-combustion engine is the working medium after the fuel combustion again, and low-temperature heat source (also can be described as low-temperature receiver) is the working medium behind the expansion working, is determined and the state of the working medium behind the expansion working is a state by the working medium after the fuel combustion.In this case, if the control combustion process makes the status parameter of the working medium after the fuel combustion reach certain value, just can make the temperature of the working medium behind the expansion working be lower than even be lower than significantly ambient temperature, the merit that such cyclic process is exported is bound to approaching, equal or exceed the heat that from high temperature heat source, absorbs, in other words, its efficient is bound to approaching, equal or exceed 100%, if the temperature of the working medium of expansion working is lower than ambient temperature, just can not still can or be derived from the low-temperature heat source heat absorption to the low-temperature heat source heat extraction, the working medium that is derived can be thrown into other thermals source (comprising high temperature heat source) of any temperature.These two examples have all caused on the surface with existing thermodynamic theories and the unaccountable situation of theorem.Therefore, there are mistaken ideas in people to the understanding of Carnot theorem at present, which part heat the heat of so so-called " from the high temperature heat source draw heat " is meant actually, and which part heat that a part of heat of so-called " part of institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source " is meant actually.“” () (11Q) () (11Qc),“” (11q) (11Qc)。In other words, even if the working medium temperature behind the expansion working is lower than ambient temperature, working medium can not be conducted heat to environment, as long as the working medium behind the expansion working is found whereabouts, as be thrown in the environment or be thrown in other thermals source (comprising high temperature heat source) of any temperature, hot machine is with regard to work capable of circulation.Moreover, under given conditions, the cryogenic fluid behind the expansion working can be thrown in the high temperature heat source of system (as Qc-M-T among Figure 12 2Shown in the dotted line direction), for example the working medium of cooling condensation can be thrown in the High Temperature High Pressure working medium after the burning of internal-combustion engine behind the expansion working, for example the cryogenic fluid behind the expansion working can be thrown in the indoor or boiler steam generator of the boiler burning of heat and power system, for example the weary gas in the air motor is thrown into (environment is exactly the high temperature heat source of air motor in some air motor) in the environment, working medium that for example will be behind the expansion working liquid that absorbs heat is thrown into the high temperature heat source again.Can draw such conclusion thus: hot machine can be operated under the thermal source, as long as the working medium behind the expansion working is derived, hot machine just can periodic duty.Can be thrown into than in the low thermal source of self temperature by the working medium behind the expansion working of deriving, can be thrown in the thermal source identical with self temperature, can be thrown into than in the high thermal source of self temperature, can be thrown in the high temperature heat source, also can be thrown into than in the higher thermal source of high temperature heat source temperature; Moreover, if the working medium behind the expansion working is only externally passed to low-temperature heat source, the low-temperature heat source that is heated still can be thrown in the high temperature heat source, for example the cooling medium that is used for cooling off the working medium behind the expansion working can be thrown into high temperature heat source.Therefore, the necessary condition of hot machine work is not two thermals source, but at least one thermal source, at least one residual outflow opening (so-called residual outflow opening is meant the outlet of the heat of the outlet of the working medium behind the expansion working and/or the working medium behind the expansion working), described residual outflow opening can be communicated with (high temperature heat source that comprises system) with any other thermal source, in described residual outflow opening and structure that high temperature heat source is communicated with hot machine just only a thermal source of needs get final product periodic duty, described residual outflow opening not with structure that high temperature heat source is communicated with in hot machine just need have two thermals source at least, the outlet of the working medium after described residual outflow opening can only be expansion working when thermal source that described residual outflow opening and temperature are higher than described residual outflow opening is communicated with.Inventor's heat is: heat transfer and the mass transfer in the hot machine working procedure can singlely exist, exists jointly or replace mutually.Can not pass to high temp objects to heat and the saying that do not produce other influences is right-on from cryogenic object, but we can be thrown into high temp objects (for example high temperature refrigerant) to cryogenic object (for example cryogenic fluid), realize that by mass transfer (promptly cryogenic object being thrown into the process of high temp objects) this of " heat is passed to high temp objects from cryogenic object " can not implementation procedure.Heat transfer and mass transfer in the hot machine working procedure can singlely exist, exist jointly or merit that this conclusion of replacing mutually equals the calorific value of fuel for the merit of making high efficiency thermal machine or making output or makes output has indicated direction greater than the hot machine of the calorific value of fuel.Figure 11, Figure 12 and three kinds of circulation schematic representation that are respectively q＞0, q=0, q＜0 shown in Figure 13.
The inventor thinks, the second law of thermodynamics can be annotated with following saying: the necessary condition of hot machine work is not two thermals source, but at least one thermal source, at least one residual outflow opening (so-called residual outflow opening is meant the outlet of the heat of the outlet of the working medium behind the expansion working and/or the working medium behind the expansion working), described residual outflow opening can be communicated with (high temperature heat source that comprises system) with any other thermal source, in described residual outflow opening and structure that high temperature heat source is communicated with hot machine just only a thermal source of needs get final product periodic duty, described residual outflow opening not with structure that high temperature heat source is communicated with in hot machine just need have two thermals source at least, the outlet of the working medium after described residual outflow opening can only be expansion working when thermal source that described residual outflow opening and temperature are higher than described residual outflow opening is communicated with.The argumentation of " hot machine must operate between two thermals source; from the high temperature heat source draw heat; again the part of institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source, only in this way could obtain mechanical work " that the Kano proposes in " power of opinion fire " paper of delivering in its 1824 is that the inventor is to a special case in this saying of the second law of thermodynamics.The Kano is the scientist of a greatness, but internal-combustion engine also is not born in his that age, exactly because this reason of possibility has been limited to the thought of Kano.Moreover, in Carnot theorem, only embodied temperature, and do not relate to pressure, this point illustrates that very possible Kano is at first to have set two thermals source that temperature is different in the process of design Carnot theorem, allow hot machine (be likely and only be confined to external-combustion engine) between these two thermals source, carry out work then, and this pattern is exactly opposite with hot machine in the reality according to the mode of Carnot's cycle.The low-temperature heat source of the hot machine in the reality (yet being low-temperature receiver) is not to exist in advance, but by the state (temperature and pressure) of working medium under the high temperature heat source and working medium thermodynamic property determined, in other words, the low-temperature heat source of the hot machine in the reality (yet being low-temperature receiver) is not to exist in advance, but according to the state (temperature and pressure) of working medium under the high temperature heat source and the thermodynamic property of working medium, inflation process is made voluntarily.According to the state (temperature and pressure) of working medium under the high temperature heat source and the thermodynamic property of working medium, the temperature of the low-temperature heat source that the process that is inflated is made voluntarily is can be lower than ambient temperature fully, in other words, the merit of being exported can be higher than the heat of drawing from high temperature heat source fully.Can draw such conclusion thus: be set in temperature under the prerequisite of environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value with high temperature heat source, to improve the pressure of working medium under the high temperature heat source as far as possible, so that the temperature of working medium is low as much as possible behind the expansion working, to improve the efficient of motor.In reality, the efficient of hot machine is determined by the temperature of high temperature heat source and ambient temperature, but by temperature and pressure under the high temperature heat source state value determined, in other words, be by the temperature of high temperature heat source with according to the state (temperature and pressure) of working medium under the high temperature heat source and the thermodynamic property of working medium, the low-temperature heat source that the process that is inflated is made voluntarily temperature determined.
Chemical energy is the source of the energy of modern hot machine, yet the inventor thinks that the utilization to chemical energy exists suitable defective in the traditional hot machine, cause the basic reason of these defectives to be, understanding to an extremely important attribute of chemical energy is deep inadequately, is that can be close to the understanding of attribute of the working medium intake under any upper state (High Temperature High Pressure) deep inadequately to chemical energy promptly.Among the present invention, for convenience of description, with chemical energy is that the attribute definition that can be close to the working medium intake under any upper state (High Temperature High Pressure) is the super moral character of chemical energy, if the super moral character of chemical energy is made full use of, and can be so that the efficient of hot machine obtains the raising of internal.Be that example is illustrated: S among Figure 14 now with the hot machine that has compression stroke (process) and products of combustion to participate in work done 1, S 2And S 3Be the different hot machine work schematic representation of compression dynamics, the compression dynamics is pressed S 1, S 2And S 3Order increases successively, Q hIt is the chemical energy of fuel, because the needed merit of compression process can be reclaimed by inflation process, suppose that compression process and inflation process all are reversible, no matter how high then compression dynamics is, itself does not influence the efficient of hot machine, but the compression dynamics is high more, be equivalent to chemical energy has been brought up to higher grade, these are in more high-grade chemical energy can be with its more most of form output with merit in the work done process, if status parameter is reasonable, brought up to quite high-grade chemical energy by sizable compression dynamics and in the expansion working process, can make the temperature of working medium drop to the degree that is lower than standard state significantly, and then make the calorific value of the merit of hot machine output greater than fuel; S among Figure 14 31Be temperature-resistant process after chemical energy is emitted in fuel combustion under the condition that has dilatant to exist, in this process, P 2=P 1The constant volume of power pressure increases before and after the expression burning, and the merit W of output is near chemical energy Q hProcess, P 2＞P 1Power pressure increases before and after the expression burning, and the merit W of output is greater than chemical energy Q hProcess.This shows, have compression stroke (process) and the products of combustion that want to produce efficient or ultra high efficiency (ultra high efficiency represents that the merit of hot machine output is equal to or greater than the chemical energy of fuel) participate in the hot machine of work done, and be just necessary: the compression dynamics that, increases considerably hot machine makes chemical energy upload in quite high energy rank and passs working medium; Two, the status parameter that chemical energy is discharged the formed High Temperature High Pressure working medium in back rationalizes that (so-called " status parameter that chemical energy is discharged the formed High Temperature High Pressure working medium in back rationalizes " is meant by importing dilatant or other modes and makes relation between the pressure and temperature of burning back working medium can make the temperature behind the working medium expansion working approaching, equal, be lower than or be lower than significantly the standard state temperature, so-called other modes are in the dynamics that does not have to increase substantially under the condition of dilatant the engine compresses stroke, pressure and temperature when compression stroke is over is utilizing chemical energy that working medium is carried out heat temperature raising after being in quite high state, see the state shown in the high end position among Figure 18, though this mode does not manufacture the ultra high efficiency motor, but can produce high efficience motor, yet the working medium temperature and pressure after the desired compression is quite high, will propose very harsh requirement to the material of motor); Three, choose reasonable working medium and/or dilatant (so-called choose reasonable working medium is meant and selects the little and working medium that just liquefy during to the setting degree at expansion working of heat of phase change, so-called choose reasonable dilatant to be meant the little and dilatant that just liquefy during to the setting degree at expansion working of selection heat of phase change).For external-combustion engine, one, must make working medium under the quite high pressure and temperature heat absorption (with environment or other low-grade heat sources working medium being in utilizes chemical energy that working medium is heated again under the quite high temperature and pressure); Two, the status parameter of the working medium after the heat absorption is rationalized; Three, choose reasonable working medium (so-called choose reasonable working medium is meant and selects the little and working medium that just liquefy during to the setting degree at expansion working of heat of phase change).Figure 18 utilizes fuel combustion that working medium is carried out the detailed calculated datagram that heat temperature raising boosts under the prerequisite of working medium being carried out different compression dynamics, and the longitudinal axis is a pressure, and transverse axis is a temperature, and 0-H is the adiabatic compression curve, A 1-E 1, A 2-E 2, A 3-E 3..., A n-E nRepresent the straight line that by fuel combustion the working medium heat temperature raising boosted under the different compression dynamics, and along with the increase of n value, the compression dynamics continues to increase, as seen from Figure 18, the slope of burning increasing temperature and pressure straight line becomes big with the raising of compression dynamics gradually; The reasoning of being not difficult is by the state point E among Figure 18 1, E 2, E 3..., E nAfter the adiabatic expansion of the setting out work done, along with the increase of n value, the temperature of working medium is low more.
In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, Figure 18 has also illustrated: the situation of temperature surplus is very serious in the traditional combustion engine, that is to say that the burning back is compared with pressure in traditional combustion engine, temperature is more than necessary value far away, also we can say, compare with temperature, pressure is well below the value of necessity.We are not difficult to draw such conclusion from this point: can bear the higher temperature and the quality material of high pressure more if we can find, make external-combustion engine working medium pressure and temperature according to
Figure BSA00000432497100061
(wherein, C 1Be constant, P is a gas working medium pressure, and T is the gas working medium temperature, and K is an exponent of adiabatic compression) relation increase substantially, if perhaps we can find a kind of novel mode of heating make external-combustion engine working medium pressure and temperature according to
Figure BSA00000432497100062
Relation increase substantially, just can produce efficient external-combustion engine.On this aspect, the external combustion circulation is to have a kind of endless form that the efficient of producing is higher than the potentiality of internal combustion cycle.Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention is exactly an advantage separately of having utilized external combustion circulation and internal combustion cycle, makes the efficient of motor realize that internal improves.
Through more in depth to the labor of the working procedure of traditional combustion engine, we can draw as drawing a conclusion: the highest energy state of the gas working medium in the cylinder (the gas working medium state when promptly burning just has been over, this moment, the temperature and pressure of gas working medium all was the high state that is in the whole circulation) is made up of two processes: first process be piston to gas carry out adiabatic compression (being actually approximate adiabatic compression) with the temperature and pressure of gas according to
Figure BSA00000432497100071
(wherein, C 1Be constant, P is a gas working medium pressure, and T is the gas working medium temperature, and K is an exponent of adiabatic compression, and the exponent of adiabatic compression of air is 1.4) relation carry out supercharging and heat (seeing the curve shown in the 0-A among Figure 17); Second process is to spray into heat that fuel produces by the combustion chemistry reaction to wait the temperature and pressure that holds under the heated state gas according to P=C being close in gas 2T (wherein, C 2Be constant) relation heat supercharging (see the straight line shown in the A-E among Figure 17, Figure 17 is that the longitudinal axis is the pressure and temp graph of a relation of temperature coordinate for the pressure coordinates transverse axis).Make working medium be in work done by these two process actings in conjunction and be about to initial state, power stroke carries out (seeing the curve shown in the E-F among Figure 17) according to adiabatic expansion process (being actually approximate adiabatic expansion), in this adiabatic expansion process, in external output work, working medium according to
Figure BSA00000432497100072
(wherein, C 3Be constant) concern that step-down cooling is until power stroke be over (state shown in the some F).In other words, reach working medium highest energy state and realize, and the state when being reached power stroke and be over by working medium highest energy state is realized by an adiabatic expansion process by two various process.Comprised a process that the combustion chemistry exothermic heat of reaction heats up owing to reach in the process of the high state of energy, the temperature and pressure relation of this process is P=C 2T, be not difficult to find out under the working medium highest energy state and (see the state shown in the some E among Figure 17), temperature is in " surplus " state, and (so-called " surplus " temperature is meant that relation according to adiabatic expansion is in order to reach a certain terminal state, be higher than needed in theory temperature in the true temperature that plays working medium under the dotted state, so-called in the present invention a certain terminal state is meant the state near 0), the temperature of " surplus " causes the curve of inflation process to be in the high temperature position (moving right in Figure 17, promptly put the state of F, that is to say, point F is in a little 0 right side), when the formation power stroke is over, the state that temperature is still quite high (state shown in the some F on the curve shown in curve E-F among Figure 17), be not difficult to find out T by the state shown in Figure 17 mid point F 2(be the working medium temperature of power stroke when being over, the temperature of low-temperature heat source just) still be in higher state, that is to say still has suitable heat in working medium and do not become merit, and this part heat all is disposed to environment in vain, therefore, efficient can be in low state.Figure 15 is that the pressure and temperature of describing burning back gas working medium concerns the schematic representation that meets adiabatic compression process temperature and pressure dependence, point A, some B, the state when 3 of C of point represent respectively that compression stroke is over, point AA represents the state that taken fire and reached behind the chemical reaction by an A, point BB represents the state that taken fire and reached behind the chemical reaction by a B, point CC represents the state that taken fire and reached behind the chemical reaction by a C, and point 0 is that the starting point of compression stroke also is the terminal point of expansion working stroke.Figure 16 is a pressure of describing burning back gas working medium greater than the schematic representation by the determined force value of relation of the pressure and temperature of adiabatic compression process, the state when point A, some B, 3 of C of point represent respectively that compression stroke is over; Point AA represents the state that taken fire and reached behind the chemical reaction by an A, and some AAA represents by a terminal point that the AA expansion working reaches; Point BB represents the state that taken fire and reached behind the chemical reaction by a B, and some BBB represents by a terminal point that the BB expansion working reaches; Point CC represents the state that taken fire and reached behind the chemical reaction by a C, and some CCC represents by a terminal point that the CC expansion working reaches.Figure 17 be compression stroke when being over difference heat pressurization and strengthen the dynamics of compression stroke, make the temperature that is compressed gas reach temperature-resistant or do not have significant change before and after environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value and the burning, and the process schematic representation that pressure significantly increases (comprising and traditional combustion engine circuit comparison curves); A-CC, A-BB, A-AA represent different increasing temperature and pressure processes, state when the compression stroke that the temperature that some D represents to be compressed gas reaches environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value is over, temperature-resistant or do not have significant change and process that pressure significantly increases before and after D-DD represents to burn, some DDD, some CCC, some BBB, some AAA and put the 0 expansion working terminal point of representing various process respectively.As Figure 15, Figure 16 and shown in Figure 17, if the pressure and temp curve 0-H that we can find a kind of method to make the pressure and temp state point of the working medium after the burning be in the adiabatic compression process goes up or is in the pressure and temp curve 0-H left of adiabatic compression process, then the working medium temperature behind the expansion working can reach the temperature that equals at 0, will be lower than 0 temperature or will be lower than the state of 0 temperature significantly, the efficient of motor will be increased substantially, and the merit that can produce output near fuel value, equal fuel value or greater than the motor of fuel value.If the pressure and temp state point of the working medium after the burning is in the pressure and temp curve 0-H right side of adiabatic compression process, though can not produce that the merit of output equals fuel value or greater than the motor of fuel value, but by making the as close as possible 0-H curve of pressure and temp state point of the working medium after the burning, to reach the raising of efficient.And the pressure and temp state point that wants to make the working medium after the burning is in curve 0-H and goes up or be in curve 0-H left, feasible way is that make combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat all or part of absorbed the molal quantity that increases the gas working medium that is about to begin work done by described dilatant, and the power pressure that forms after the burning is not less than by formula
Figure BSA00000432497100081
(wherein, P is the power pressure after the burning, P 0Be the power pressure that unburned does not import dilatant after the adiabatic compression, P eBe the formed dividing potential drop of burning back dilatant, T is the working medium temperature after the burning, T 0It is the working medium temperature that unburned does not import dilatant after the adiabatic compression, K is an exponent of adiabatic compression, the exponent of adiabatic compression of air is 1.4) determined force value, it is the P value, the pressure and temp state point that so can guarantee the working medium after the burning is in curve 0-H to be gone up or is in curve 0-H left, could realize the higher efficient and the better feature of environmental protection like this.Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention is according to above-mentioned theory, following technological scheme is disclosed: when compression stroke/process is over, the dilatant that makes the certain proportion of combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat or all imported described firing chamber absorbs the molal quantity that increases the gas working medium that is about to begin work done, and the amount that is for example imported the combustion chemistry that dilatant the absorbed reaction institute liberated heat of described firing chamber among Figure 17 shown in A-CC, A-BB, the A-AA increases successively by A-AA, A-BB, A-CC; In order further to raise the efficiency and the feature of environmental protection, little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention also discloses another technological scheme: increase substantially the compression dynamics to gas, make the temperature that is compressed gas reach environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value, and the dilatant that makes combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat all be imported described firing chamber absorbs the molal quantity that increases the gas working medium that is about to begin work done, form before and after the burning temperature-resistant or do not have significant change, and the state that pressure significantly increases (for example among Figure 17 shown in the D-DD).
In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, absorb in the structure of the molal quantity that increases the gas working medium that is about to begin work done at the dilatant that the certain proportion of fuel combustion chemical reaction liberated heat is imported described firing chamber, combustion chamber temperature and pressure all can improve, but the raising of pressure is to be made of two factors: first factor is to cause the working medium temperature to raise (pressing the constant volume intensification considers) because working medium absorbs the exothermic part of combustion chemistry reaction, and then causes pressure to raise by linear relation; Second factor is to cause gas phase molal quantity increase in the firing chamber because dilatant absorbs the exothermic part of combustion chemistry reaction, and cause pressure to increase, this pressure increase is not because due to heating up, even if temperature decline, temperature constant or temperature increase to some extent, in this process, pressure all can obviously increase, and so-called pressure obviously increases and is meant that value that pressure increases is not only greater than by P=C 2The determined force value of T, and greater than by
Figure BSA00000432497100091
Determined force value.The state that first factor is built is the superfluous state of temperature, the state that second factor built is the negative superfluous state of temperature, science control is inflated the exothermic amount of fuel combustion chemical reaction that agent absorbs, can realize controlling this two kinds of factor's effect, and then realize that burning back temperature raises, pressure raises, but the state point of formed working medium (by the point that temperature and pressure determined) is in the left side of 0-H curve shown in Figure 17 or on the 0-H curve or on the right side of 0-H curve but as close as possible 0-H curve.
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, the dilatant that is imported into the firing chamber not only can absorb whole heat that fuel combustion is emitted, but also can absorb the part heat of compressed gas working medium, in this case, it is lower than compression stroke/process working medium temperature at the end to be about to begin the temperature of working medium of work done.
Figure 19 is that the circulation of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention and the circuit of traditional combustion engine show the merit comparison diagram, curve among the figure shown in the a-b-c-d-a is a traditional combustion engine circuit indicator diagram, but the curve among the figure shown in the a-b-m-s-a is the pressure of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention when compression stroke is over when being slightly larger than at the end pressure of traditional combustion engine compression combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat whole or be close to the dilatant that is all imported described firing chamber and absorb the molal quantity that increase is about to begin the gas working medium of work done, form before and after the burning temperature-resistant or do not have a significant change, and the circulation indicator diagram that state constituted that pressure significantly increases, curve among the figure shown in the a-z-n-t-a is that the temperature of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention when compression stroke is over reaches environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value and make the whole of combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat or be close to the dilatant that is all imported described firing chamber and absorb the molal quantity that increase is about to begin the gas working medium of work done, formation burning front and back are temperature-resistant or do not have significant change, and the circulation indicator diagram that state constituted that pressure significantly increases.Be not difficult to find out that little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention is compared with traditional combustion engine, have the higher efficient and the better feature of environmental protection.
In order to produce efficient and ultra high efficiency motor, the present invention proposes following proposal:
A kind of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, comprise the firing chamber, dilatant source and fuel source, described firing chamber is made as the reciprocating engine firing chamber or is made as the turbine combustion chamber, described fuel source imports control mechanism through fuel and is communicated with described firing chamber, and described dilatant source imports control mechanism through dilatant and is communicated with described firing chamber; Described fuel imports control mechanism and described dilatant and imports the dilatant that control mechanism is subjected to combustion control device control to realize entering in the described dilatant source in the described firing chamber of being imported more than 5% of the heat that fuel combustion produced in the described fuel source of described firing chamber absorb in described firing chamber; Be made as the gas pressure of the pressure that is compressed gas of the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber when compression stroke is over when being over greater than conventional piston formula engine compresses stroke in described firing chamber, the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber makes the indoor gas pressure of described turbine combustion greater than the indoor gas pressure of traditional turbine combustion.
Between described firing chamber and described dilatant source, establish the dilatant endothermic heat exchanger, the dilatant in the described dilatant source is absorbed heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger.
The thermal source of described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger is made as the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.
Dilatant in the described dilatant source enters described firing chamber after absorbing heat and reaching threshold state, supercritical state or ultra supercritical state again in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger.
Described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine also comprises oxidizer source and gas communication passage, the intake duct and the air outlet flue of the described firing chamber of described gas communication channel connection, on described air outlet flue, establish the exhaust tapping hole, establish exhaust at described exhaust tapping hole place and emit control valve, described oxidizer source imports control mechanism through oxygenant and is communicated with described firing chamber or directly is communicated with described firing chamber through described oxygenant importing control mechanism through described intake duct again, and described oxygenant imports control mechanism, described fuel imports control mechanism and described dilatant importing control mechanism is controlled by combustion control device.
On described gas communication passage, establish gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heater.
On described gas communication passage and/or establishing gas heat release ambient cooler on the described intake duct and/or on described air outlet flue.
Be made as the pressure that is compressed gas of the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber when compression stroke is in described firing chamber more than or equal to 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or 40MPa; Being made as the flow of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine in the structure of described turbine combustion chamber in described firing chamber makes the indoor pressure of described turbine combustion more than or equal to 2MPa, 2.5MPa, 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or 40MPa.
Described fuel imports control mechanism and described dilatant importing control mechanism is subjected to combustion control device control to realize entering interior more than 6% of the heat that fuel combustion produced of described fuel source of described firing chamber, more than 7%, more than 8%, more than 9%, more than 10%, more than 11%, more than 12%, more than 13%, more than 14%, more than 15%, more than 16%, more than 17%, more than 18%, more than 19%, more than 20%, more than 21%, more than 22%, more than 23%, more than 24%, more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 85%, more than 90%, more than 95%, or 100% dilatant in the described dilatant source that in described firing chamber, is imported in the described firing chamber absorb.
Be made as the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber in described firing chamber and make compression stroke be over the temperature that is compressed gas before the burning in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K, the temperature of gas was in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K before the flow of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber made described turbine combustion Indoor Combustion; Dilatant in the whole or intimate described dilatant source that is all imported in described firing chamber in the described firing chamber of the heat that fuel combustion produced that the described fuel source that described fuel importing control mechanism and described dilatant importing control mechanism are subjected to described combustion control device control realization to enter described firing chamber is interior absorbs; Fuel gas temperature peak in the described firing chamber after the internal combustion of described firing chamber generates below the temperature to improve the feature of environmental protection of motor at hazardous compound NOx.
Dilatant in the whole or intimate described dilatant source that is all imported in described firing chamber in the described firing chamber of the heat that fuel combustion produced that the described fuel source that described fuel importing control mechanism and described dilatant importing control mechanism are subjected to described combustion control device control realization to enter described firing chamber is interior absorbs; Fuel described combustion chamber temperature before and after described combustion chambers burn pressure that remains unchanged substantially increases, to improve the efficient of motor.
Being made as the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber in described firing chamber makes compression stroke be over the temperature that is compressed gas before the burning more than 1000K, more than the 1300K, more than the 1500K, more than the 1800K, more than the 2000K, more than the 2300K, more than the 2500K, more than the 2800K, more than the 3000K, 3200K is above or more than the 3500K, and the temperature of gas was more than 1000K before the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine in described firing chamber 1 is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber made described turbine combustion Indoor Combustion, more than the 1300K, more than the 1500K, more than the 1800K, more than the 2000K, more than the 2300K, more than the 2500K, more than the 2800K, more than the 3000K, more than the 3200K or more than the 3500K.
Air outlet flue place in described firing chamber establishes gas-liquid separator, and described dilatant source is made as the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid separator, and the liquid in the described gas-liquid separator uses as described dilatant.
Dilatant in the described dilatant source is made as the gas liquefaction thing.
Fuel in the described fuel source is made as ethanol, and the dilatant in the described dilatant source is made as water, and described fuel source and described dilatant source are made as same ethanol water storage tank.
Described firing chamber is made as insulated combustion chamber.
Principle of the present invention is, by improving the compression ratio of motor, reach the temperature and pressure of the gas in the firing chamber when improving compression stroke or compression process and being over, adjustment enters the amount of the fuel and the dilatant of described firing chamber, the indoor absorption by described dilatant forms the working medium molal quantity and increases and then increase power pressure and temperature variation duty cycle mode little or that remain unchanged replaces obtaining the duty cycle mode that pressure increases by gas working medium is heated up in the traditional combustion engine firing chamber in described firing chamber by making the exothermic certain value of fuel combustion, be particularly: concerning reciprocating engine, make gas pressure before the combustion chambers burn and temperature all above the gas pressure and the temperature of conventional piston formula internal-combustion engine by the compression ratio that improves internal-combustion piston engine, temperature when control fuel and dilatant enter the amount of described firing chamber and dilatant and enter described firing chamber makes fuel combustion liberated heat as much as possible be absorbed by described dilatant, increase substantially the pressure in the firing chamber, and the variation of temperature amount is little or remain unchanged; Concerning turbine, make gas pressure before the burning of turbine combustion chamber and temperature all above the gas pressure and the temperature of traditional turbine combustion chamber by the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor and turbine, temperature when control fuel and dilatant enter the amount of described firing chamber and dilatant and enter described firing chamber makes fuel combustion liberated heat as much as possible be absorbed by described dilatant, increase substantially the pressure in the firing chamber, and the variation of temperature amount is little or remain unchanged; And then increase substantially the efficient and the feature of environmental protection of motor.
Among the present invention, the main purpose of fuel combustion institute liberated heat is absorbed by described dilatant, and is not used to heat temperature raising gas working medium (the particularly gas working medium before the burning).
Among the present invention, so-called low-temperature heat source also can be referred to as low-temperature receiver, with the so-called low-temperature receiver equivalence in some document.
Among the present invention, the state of the working medium after so-called " state of working medium (temperature and pressure) under the high temperature heat source " is meant and finishes from the high temperature heat source heat absorption, the i.e. temperature and pressure of working medium; Under the so-called high temperature heat source state of working medium may with the state consistency of high temperature heat source, also may be inconsistent with the state of high temperature heat source.
In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, so-called " heat is inflated agent and absorbs " is meant that heat is used to heat temperature raising dilatant, gasification dilatant, criticalization dilatant and/or overheated dilatant; So-called criticalization dilatant is to instigate dilatant to be in threshold state, supercritical state, ultra supercritical state or higher temperature, pressure state.
Among the present invention, so-called " temperature variation is little or remain unchanged " is meant after the fuel combustion that heat all or be close to and all absorbed by described dilatant, gas temperature in firing chamber variable quantity before and after burning is little or remain unchanged, and be close to and do not have superfluous temperature (so-called superfluous temperature is meant that relation according to adiabatic expansion in order to reach a certain terminal state, is higher than needed in theory temperature in the true temperature that plays working medium under the dotted state); According to this mode of operation, in little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, after importing fuel and dilatant and the combustion chemistry reaction takes place in the compressed gas working medium of compressed stroke (process), the gas pressure in the described firing chamber is approaching, be equal to or greater than by formula
Figure BSA00000432497100141
Determined force value (wherein, C is that the initial state and the thermomechanics rerum natura of constant and working medium is relevant, P is the power pressure after the burning, T is the working medium temperature after the burning, K is an exponent of adiabatic compression, and the exponent of adiabatic compression of air is 1.4), in other words, state when the relation of the temperature and pressure of the gas in the described firing chamber is followed substantially and begun with compression stroke is a starting point, with formula
Figure BSA00000432497100142
The relation of determined temperature and pressure, perhaps pressure is greater than by formula
Figure BSA00000432497100143
Determined force value; This just makes the working medium temperature behind the expansion working will be lower than the delivery temperature of traditional combustion engine significantly, and apparent, the raising degree of efficient is sizable.
In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, in fuel, oxygenant (for example compressed air or compressed oxygen-containing gas) and the dilatant any two can mix in advance the back mix with the 3rd, combustion reaction can occur in earlier between oxygenant and the fuel and mix with dilatant, in the time of also can occurring in the three and mix or after the three mixes; Can in the firing chamber, set up the central combustion district, this central combustion district inner oxidizing agent and fuel directly after the burning again be in the burning core area and mix with dilatant between the chamber wall, can utilize dilatant that directly the burn flame of the excessive temperature that forms of fuel and oxygenant is isolated with chamber wall like this, thus the heat load of minimizing chamber wall.
The so-called dilatant of the present invention is meant and does not participate in the working medium that combustion chemistry has been reacted heat absorption and adjusted work done working medium molal quantity and expansion working, can be gas, liquid, critical state material, gas liquefaction thing, for example water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid helium, liquid nitrogen or liquefied air etc.
So-called gas liquefaction thing is meant the gas that is liquefied among the present invention, as liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid helium or liquefied air etc.
The so-called oxygenant of the present invention is meant that pure oxygen or other compositions do not produce the oxygen-containing gas of hazardous compound in the hot merit transfer process, as liquefied air, hydrogen peroxide or aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution etc.So-called oxidizer source is meant all devices that oxygenant can be provided, system or container, as commercial oxygen source (being high pressure oxygen container or liquefaction oxygen jar) and the oxygen that is provided by on-the-spot oxygen generation system in thermal power system (separating oxygen generation system as film) etc.
The so-called gas of the present invention heat absorption low-grade heat source heater is meant that with low-grade heat source (as the waste heat of exhaust heat, cooling system etc.) be the device that thermal source heats gas working medium; So-called gas heat release ambient cooler be meant by with the heat discharge of gas working medium in environment and the device that gas working medium is cooled off; So-called combustion control device is meant the device of controlling burning by the phase place of the amount of the amount of the amount of controlling fuel, dilatant and/or oxygenant and fuel, dilatant and oxygenant importing; So-called gas-liquid separator is meant the device that gas is separated with liquid.
The so-called importing control mechanism of the present invention is meant according to the requirement of thermal power system combustion chambers burn condition gives the system of firing chamber with former working medium (fuel, dilatant and/or oxygenant) feed, and this system comprises valve, pump and/or sensor etc.
So-called dilatant endothermic heat exchanger is meant that with the heat of environment or the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine (as the waste heat of exhaust heat, cooling system) be the heat exchanger that the dilatant of thermal source can absorb heat among the present invention.
So-called environmental protection temperature limit is meant the maximum temperature that does not produce noxious pollutant among the present invention, is 1800K etc. as the environmental protection temperature limit that does not produce nitrogen oxide; So-called material temperature limit value is meant the maximum temperature that material can bear.
Described dilatant among the present invention can recycle in described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.
The so-called fuel of the present invention be meant on all chemical combustion meanings can and the material of the violent redox reaction of oxygen generation, can be gas, liquid or solid, mainly comprise gasoline, diesel oil, rock gas, hydrogen and coal gas and fluidisation fuel, liquefied fuel or pulverous solid fuel etc. here.So-called liquefied fuel be meant be liquefied under the normal temperature and pressure state, be the fuel of gaseous state.
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, can use hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon oxygen compound to make fuel, for example ethanol or ethanol water, use ethanol water to replace original fuel and dilatant, not only can be antifreeze, can also only replace original fuel reservoir and dilatant storage tank, and change fuel and the needed ratio of dilatant by the concentration of adjusting ethanol water with an ethanol water storage tank.When being necessary, can replace fuel and dilatant among the present invention, regulate its concentration to satisfy the requirement of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention with the mixed solution of ethanol, water and hydrocarbon.In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, can replace oxygenant and dilatant with aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, realize adjusting the ratio of oxygenant and dilatant by the concentration of adjusting aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, and can replace oxygenant storage tank and dilatant storage tank with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution storage tank.
Among the present invention, in some technological scheme, work done working medium temperature can reach thousands of degree even higher, and the pressure of work done working medium can reach hundreds of barometric pressure even higher.
In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, by adjusting the gas temperature and the pressure of firing chamber, the temperature and pressure that can adjust the working medium behind the expansion working can make when work done and expand into when setting the swelling pressure, its working medium temperature is reduced to quite low level, for example near ambient temperature, be lower than ambient temperature or be lower than ambient temperature significantly.
So-called turbine is meant that gas turbine, jet engine etc. utilize combustion gas to promote the mechanism of turbine work done among the present invention; So-called reciprocating engine comprises internal-combustion piston engine, rotary piston formula internal-combustion engine etc.
In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention,, combustion chamber temperature generates below the temperature, so, also can not produce nitrogen oxide (NO even if use liquid nitrogen as described dilatant because can being set to nitrogen oxide x); Liquid nitrogen can import the firing chamber with liquid form, also can import the firing chamber with threshold state, can also import the firing chamber with the extra-high form.So-called ultrahigh pressure is meant that the pressure of gas not only is higher than the gas pressure in the described firing chamber when importing liquid nitrogen, is higher than by formula Determined force value; In the little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, when liquid nitrogen imported described firing chamber with the form of gas, nitrogen gas pressure was than the high 2MPa of the gas pressure in the described firing chamber, 3MPa, 4MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 8MPa, 9MPa, 10MPa, 11MPa, 12MPa, 13MPa, 14MPa, 15MPa, 16MPa, 17MPa, 18MPa, 19MPa or 20MPa.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficient height disclosed in this invention, the feature of environmental protection is good.
Description of drawings
Shown in Figure 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Shown in Figure 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Shown in Figure 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 3;
Shown in Figure 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 4 and 5;
Shown in Figure 5 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 6;
Fig. 6,7,8 and shown in Figure 9 be the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 7;
Shown in Figure 10 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 8.
Shown in Figure 11 is q of the present invention＞0 circulation schematic representation;
Shown in Figure 12 is q=0 circulation schematic representation of the present invention;
Shown in Figure 13 is q of the present invention＜0 circulation schematic representation;
Shown in Figure 14 is the different hot machine work schematic representation of compression dynamics;
The pressure and temperature relation that the present invention that shown in Figure 15 is describes burning back gas working medium meets the schematic representation of adiabatic compression process temperature and pressure dependence;
The pressure that the present invention that shown in Figure 16 is describes burning back gas working medium is greater than the schematic representation by the determined force value of relation of the pressure and temperature of adiabatic compression process;
Shown in Figure 17 is that the longitudinal axis is the pressure and temp graph of a relation of temperature coordinate for the pressure coordinates transverse axis;
The schematic representation of the temperature and pressure relation of different E points set out adiabatic expansion work done that shown in Figure 180 is;
Shown in Figure 19 is that the circulation of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention and the circuit of traditional combustion engine show the merit comparison diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 1, comprise firing chamber 1, dilatant source 2 and fuel source 3, described firing chamber 1 is made as reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 or is made as turbine combustion chamber 102, described fuel source 3 imports control mechanism 30 through fuel and is communicated with described firing chamber 1, described dilatant source 2 imports control mechanism 20 through dilatant and is communicated with described firing chamber 1, and described fuel imports control mechanism 30 and described dilatant and imports the dilatant that control mechanism 20 enters in the described dilatant source 2 in the described firing chamber 1 of being imported more than 5% of the interior heat that fuel combustion produced of the described fuel source 3 of described firing chamber 1 by combustion control device 3020 control realizations absorb in described firing chamber 1; Be made as the gas pressure of the pressure that is compressed gas of the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 when compression stroke is over when being over greater than conventional piston formula engine compresses stroke in described firing chamber 1.Be made as the pressure that is compressed gas of the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 when compression stroke is in described firing chamber 1 more than or equal to 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or 40MPa.
Described fuel imports control mechanism 30 and described dilatant and imports control mechanism 20 and be subjected to combustion control device 3020 controls to realize entering more than 6% of the heat that fuel combustion produced in the described fuel source 3 of described firing chamber 1, more than 7%, more than 8%, more than 9%, more than 10%, more than 11%, more than 12%, more than 13%, more than 14%, more than 15%, more than 16%, more than 17%, more than 18%, more than 19%, more than 20%, more than 21%, more than 22%, more than 23%, more than 24%, more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 85%, more than 90%, more than 95%, or 100% dilatant in the described dilatant source 2 that in described firing chamber 1, is imported in the described firing chamber 1 absorb.
Be made as the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 in described firing chamber 1 and make compression stroke be over the temperature that is compressed gas before the burning in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K, described fuel imports control mechanism 30 and described dilatant and imports whole or intimate all dilatants in described firing chamber 1 is imported described dilatant source 2 in the described firing chamber 1 that control mechanism 20 is subjected to combustion control device 3020 controls to realize entering the heat that fuel combustion produced in the described fuel source 3 of described firing chamber 1 and absorb; The temperature peak of fuel in described firing chamber 1,1 burning back, described firing chamber generates below the temperature to improve the feature of environmental protection of motor at hazardous compound NOx.
Described fuel imports control mechanism 30 and described dilatant and imports the dilatant that control mechanism 20 is subjected to combustion control device 3020 controls to realize entering in the whole or intimate described dilatant source 2 that is all imported in the described firing chamber 1 of the heat that fuel combustion produced in the described fuel source 3 of described firing chamber 1 absorb in described firing chamber 1; Fuel temperature in the described firing chamber 1 before and after 1 burning of described firing chamber pressure that remains unchanged substantially increases, with the efficient of raising motor.
Being made as the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 in described firing chamber 1 makes compression stroke be over the temperature that is compressed gas before the burning more than the 1000K, more than the 1300K, more than the 1500K, more than the 1800K, more than the 2000K, more than the 2300K, more than the 2500K, more than the 2800K, more than the 3000K, more than the 3200K or more than the 3500K.
Embodiment 2
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 2, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: establish dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020 between described firing chamber 1 and described dilatant source 2, dilatant in the described dilatant source 2 is absorbed heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020, and described firing chamber 1 is made as insulated combustion chamber.
Embodiment 3
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 3, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: the thermal source of described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020 is made as the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.Dilatant in the described dilatant source 2 enters described firing chamber 1 after absorbing heat and reaching threshold state, supercritical state or ultra supercritical state again in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020.Fuel in the described fuel source 3 is made as ethanol, and the dilatant in the described dilatant source 2 is made as water, and described fuel source 3 and described dilatant source 2 are made as same ethanol water storage tank.
Embodiment 4
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 4, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine also comprises oxidizer source 5 and gas communication passage 9, described gas communication passage 9 is communicated with the intake duct 10 and the air outlet flue 11 of described firing chamber 1, on described air outlet flue 11, establish exhaust tapping hole 12, establish exhaust at described exhaust tapping hole 12 places and emit control valve 13, described oxidizer source 5 imports control mechanism 16 through oxygenant and is communicated with described firing chamber 1 or directly is communicated with described firing chamber 1 through described oxygenant importing control mechanism 16 through described intake duct 10 again, and described oxygenant imports control mechanism 16, described fuel imports control mechanism 30 and described dilatant importing control mechanism 20 is subjected to combustion control device 3020 controls.
Embodiment 5
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 4, itself and embodiment's 3 difference is: establish gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heater 17 on described gas communication passage 9.
Embodiment 6
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 5, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: on described gas communication passage and/or establishing gas heat release ambient cooler on the described intake duct and/or on described air outlet flue.
Embodiment 7
As Fig. 6,7, little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine shown in 8 or 9, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: the flow of adjusting gas compressor 6 and power turbine 7 in described firing chamber 1 is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber 102 makes pressure in the described turbine combustion chamber 102 more than or equal to 2MPa, 2.5MPa, 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or 40MPa.Described firing chamber 1 be made as the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor 6 and power turbine 7 in the structure of described turbine combustion chamber 102 make described turbine combustion chamber 102 internal combustion before the temperature of gas more than the 1000K, more than the 1300K, more than the 1500K, more than the 1800K, more than the 2000K, more than the 2300K, more than the 2500K, more than the 2800K, more than the 3000K, more than the 3200K or more than the 3500K.
Embodiment 8
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in figure 10, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: air outlet flue 11 places in described firing chamber 1 establish gas-liquid separator 1100, described dilatant source 2 is made as the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid separator 1100, and the liquid in the described gas-liquid separator 1100 uses as described dilatant.

Claims (16)

1. one kind little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, comprise firing chamber (1), dilatant source (2) and fuel source (3), it is characterized in that: described firing chamber (1) is made as reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) or is made as turbine combustion chamber (102), described fuel source (3) imports control mechanism (30) through fuel and is communicated with described firing chamber (1), and described dilatant source (2) imports control mechanism (20) through dilatant and is communicated with described firing chamber (1); Described fuel imports control mechanism (30) and described dilatant and imports control mechanism (20) and be subjected to combustion control device (3020) control to realize entering dilatant absorption in the described dilatant source (2) in the described firing chamber (1) of being imported more than 5% of the heat that fuel combustion produced in the described fuel source (3) of described firing chamber (1) in described firing chamber (1); Be made as the gas pressure of the pressure that is compressed gas of the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) when compression stroke is over when being over greater than conventional piston formula engine compresses stroke in described firing chamber (1), the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor (6) and power turbine (7) in described firing chamber (1) is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber (102) makes gas pressure in the described turbine combustion chamber (102) greater than the indoor gas pressure of traditional turbine combustion.
2. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: between described firing chamber (1) and described dilatant source (2), establish dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020), the dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) is absorbed heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020).
3. as little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: the thermal source of described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020) is made as the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.
4. as little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: the dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) enters described firing chamber (1) after absorbing heat and reaching threshold state, supercritical state or ultra supercritical state again in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020).
5. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine also comprises oxidizer source (5) and gas communication passage (9), described gas communication passage (9) is communicated with the intake duct (10) and the air outlet flue (11) of described firing chamber (1), on described air outlet flue (11), establish exhaust tapping hole (12), locate to establish exhaust at described exhaust tapping hole (12) and emit control valve (13), described oxidizer source (5) imports control mechanism (16) through oxygenant and is communicated with described firing chamber (1) or directly is communicated with described firing chamber (1) through described oxygenant importing control mechanism (16) through described intake duct (10) again, and described oxygenant imports control mechanism (16), described fuel imports control mechanism (30) and described dilatant importing control mechanism (20) is subjected to combustion control device (3020) control.
6. as little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: on described gas communication passage (9), establish gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heater (17).
7. as little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: go up and/or go up and/or on described air outlet flue (11), establish gas heat release ambient cooler (18) at described intake duct (10) at described gas communication passage (9).
8. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine is characterized in that: be made as the pressure that is compressed gas of the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) when compression stroke is over more than or equal to 4MPa in described firing chamber (1), 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or 40MPa; The flow of adjusting gas compressor (6) and power turbine (7) in described firing chamber (1) is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber (102) makes pressure in the described turbine combustion chamber (102) more than or equal to 2MPa, 2.5MPa, 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or 40MPa.
9. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine is characterized in that: described fuel imports control mechanism (30) and described dilatant importing control mechanism (20) is subjected to combustion control device (3020) control to realize entering interior more than 6% of the heat that fuel combustion produced of described fuel source (3) of described firing chamber (1), more than 7%, more than 8%, more than 9%, more than 10%, more than 11%, more than 12%, more than 13%, more than 14%, more than 15%, more than 16%, more than 17%, more than 18%, more than 19%, more than 20%, more than 21%, more than 22%, more than 23%, more than 24%, more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 85%, more than 90%, more than 95%, or 100% dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) that in described firing chamber (1), is imported in the described firing chamber (1) absorb.
10. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: be made as the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) in described firing chamber (1) and make compression stroke be over the temperature that is compressed gas before the burning in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K, the flow of adjusting gas compressor (6) and power turbine (7) in described firing chamber (1) is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber (102) makes the temperature of the preceding gas of described turbine combustion chamber (102) internal combustion in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K; Described fuel imports control mechanism (30) and described dilatant and imports control mechanism (20) and be subjected to described combustion control device (3020) control to realize entering dilatant absorption in the whole or intimate described dilatant source (2) that is all imported in the described firing chamber (1) of the heat that fuel combustion produced in the described fuel source (3) of described firing chamber (1) in described firing chamber (1); Fuel gas temperature peak in the described firing chamber (1) after the internal combustion of described firing chamber (1) generates below the temperature to improve the feature of environmental protection of motor at hazardous compound NOx.
11. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine is characterized in that: described fuel imports control mechanism (30) and described dilatant and imports control mechanism (20) and be subjected to described combustion control device (3020) control to realize entering dilatant absorption in the whole or intimate described dilatant source (2) that is all imported in the described firing chamber (1) of the heat that fuel combustion produced in the described fuel source (3) of described firing chamber (1) in described firing chamber (1); Fuel temperature in described firing chambers (1) before and after described firing chamber (1) burning pressure that remains unchanged substantially increases, with the efficient of raising motor.
12. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: be made as the compression ratio of adjusting motor in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) in described firing chamber (1) and make compression stroke be over the temperature that is compressed gas before the burning more than 1000K, more than the 1300K, more than the 1500K, more than the 1800K, more than the 2000K, more than the 2300K, more than the 2500K, more than the 2800K, more than the 3000K, 3200K is above or more than the 3500K, and the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor (6) and power turbine (7) in described firing chamber (1) is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber (102) makes the temperature of the preceding gas of described turbine combustion chamber (102) internal combustion more than 1000K, more than the 1300K, more than the 1500K, more than the 1800K, more than the 2000K, more than the 2300K, more than the 2500K, more than the 2800K, more than the 3000K, more than the 3200K or more than the 3500K.
13. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: the air outlet flue (11) in described firing chamber (1) locates to establish gas-liquid separator (1100), described dilatant source (2) is made as the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid separator (1100), and the liquid in the described gas-liquid separator (1100) uses as described dilatant.
14. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine is characterized in that: the dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) is made as the gas liquefaction thing.
15. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: the fuel in the described fuel source (3) is made as ethanol, dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) is made as water, and described fuel source (3) and described dilatant source (2) are made as same ethanol water storage tank.
16. according to claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine is characterized in that: described firing chamber (1) is made as insulated combustion chamber.
CN2011100359985A 2010-08-27 2011-02-11 Small temperature-rise low-entropy mixing combustion engine Pending CN102086823A (en)

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WO2012024898A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-01 Jin Beibiao Small temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine
CN102913324A (en) * 2011-11-01 2013-02-06 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 High detonation pressure engine
CN102926893A (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-02-13 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 Low-entropy mixed gas liquefied product engine
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