CN102588149B - Low-temperature-rise low-entropy mixed combustion engine - Google Patents

Low-temperature-rise low-entropy mixed combustion engine Download PDF

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CN102588149B
CN102588149B CN201110249624.3A CN201110249624A CN102588149B CN 102588149 B CN102588149 B CN 102588149B CN 201110249624 A CN201110249624 A CN 201110249624A CN 102588149 B CN102588149 B CN 102588149B
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firing chamber
fuel
dilatant
source
temperature
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CN102588149A (en
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靳北彪
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Jiangsu Tongda Machinery Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature-rise low-entropy mixed combustion engine, which comprises a combustion chamber, an expanding agent source and a fuel source. The fuel source is communicated with the combustion chamber via a fuel guide-in control mechanism, the expanding agent source is communicated with the combustion chamber via an expanding agent guide-in control mechanism, and the fuel guide-in control mechanism and the expanding agent guide-in control mechanism are controlled by a combustion control device; and the combustion chamber is a piston type engine combustion chamber, the pressure bearing ability of the piston type engine combustion chamber is larger than or equal to 4MPa, or the combustion chamber is a turbine combustion chamber, and the pressure bearing ability of the turbine combustion chamber is larger than or equal to 2MPa. The low-temperature-rise low-entropy mixed combustion engine is high in efficiency and good in environmental friendliness.

Description

Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat energy and power field, especially a kind of motor.
Background technique
For improving the efficiency of traditional combustion engine (comprising internal-combustion piston engine and internal combustion type turbine), existing many schemes propose to firing chamber jet expansion agent.But clearly to the amount of jet expansion agent in firing chamber and spray the pressure state in front firing chamber, but be impact to one of most important factor of the efficiency of internal-combustion engine in combustion chambers of internal combustion engines jet expansion agent scheme to the amount of firing chamber jet expansion agent and the pressure and temperature state that burns in front firing chamber without any scheme.Therefore, the status parameter of gas while needing the clear and definite amount to firing chamber jet expansion agent and internal-combustion engine compression process to be over, so that the working medium status parameter to firing chamber jet expansion agent and after burning is more reasonable, to improve the efficiency of motor.
Summary of the invention
Two kinds of representative elaboration modes of the second law of thermodynamics are: one, Kelvin's elaboration mode be " can not be from single source draw heat, make it to become useful work completely and do not cause other variations."; Two, Clausius's elaboration mode is " heat can not be passed to high temp objects and do not produce other influences from cryogenic object ".In " power that opinion is fiery " paper that deliver at it for 1824 Kano, propose: heat engine must operate between two thermals source, from high temperature heat source draw heat, again a part for institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source, only in this way could obtain mechanical work.And Kano proposed famous Carnot theorem according to this conclusion,
Figure 2011102496243100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, (wherein,
Figure 491192DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
for cycle efficiency,
Figure 2011102496243100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
for the temperature of high temperature heat source,
Figure 200522DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
for the temperature of low-temperature heat source), Carnot theorem is the theorem in current heat engine theory with guiding significance.People to the understanding of Carnot theorem are at present: the heat that working medium is drawn in isothermal inflation process at high temperature heat source temperature from high temperature heat source is considered as the heat of " from high temperature heat source draw heat " in Carnot theorem; The heat that working medium is discharged to environment is considered as that a part of heat of " part for institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source " in Carnot theorem.But in actual power cycle, high temperature heat source is all artificial manufacture, and low-temperature heat source is all according to the thermodynamic property of the state of working medium under high temperature heat source (temperature and pressure) and working medium, and inflation process is manufactured voluntarily.For example, in external-combustion engine, if to injecting dilatant in the working medium at high temperature heat source temperature and making dilatant absorb at high temperature heat source temperature that heat boosts or generating gasification (containing criticalization process and superheating process) is boosted, and make the pressure parameter of the new working medium forming (the so-called new working medium forming comprises original working medium and dilatant) reach so a kind of state: expansion working at the end the temperature of working medium lower than even significantly lower than ambient temperature.The merit that such cyclic process the is exported heat absorbing from high temperature heat source that is bound to approach, equal or exceed, in other words, its efficiency is bound to approach, equals or exceeds 100%, if the temperature of the working medium of expansion working is lower than ambient temperature, just can not still can or be exported from low-temperature heat source heat absorption to low-temperature heat source heat extraction, the working medium being exported can be thrown into other thermals source (comprising high temperature heat source) of any temperature.For example in internal-combustion engine, the high temperature heat source of internal-combustion engine is the working medium after fuel combustion again, and low-temperature heat source (also can be described as low-temperature receiver) is the working medium after expansion working, and the state of working medium after expansion working is to be determined by the state of the working medium after fuel combustion.In this case, if control combustion process makes the status parameter of the working medium after fuel combustion reach certain value, the temperature that just can make the working medium after expansion working is lower than even significantly lower than ambient temperature, the merit that such cyclic process is exported is bound to approach, equal or exceed the heat absorbing from high temperature heat source, in other words, its efficiency is bound to approach, equal or exceed 100%, if the temperature of the working medium of expansion working is lower than ambient temperature, just can not still can or be exported from low-temperature heat source heat absorption to low-temperature heat source heat extraction, the working medium being exported can be thrown into other thermals source (comprising high temperature heat source) of any temperature.These two examples on the surface, have all caused by existing thermodynamic theories and the unaccountable situation of theorem.Therefore, there are mistaken ideas to the understanding of Carnot theorem in people at present, which part heat the heat of so so-called " from high temperature heat source draw heat " refers to actually, and which part heat that a part of heat of so-called " part for institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source " refers to actually.The inventor thinks that the heat of " from high temperature heat source draw heat " is to form from the heat (being contained in the heat that at high temperature heat source temperature, working medium is drawn from high temperature heat source) (as shown in the Q Figure 11) drawn high temperature heat source and end heat (end heat of so-called working medium refers to the heat from absolute zero point counted of working medium in being comprised under low-temperature heat source temperature itself) (as shown in the Qc Figure 11) two-part of working medium by working medium is heated to working medium the process of temperature of high temperature heat source from the temperature of low-temperature heat source by high temperature heat source, and that a part of heat of so-called " part for institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source " is end heat (as shown in the Qc in Figure 11) two-part formation of the heat (as shown in the q in Figure 11) of being discharged to environment by working medium and working medium.In other words, even if the Temperature of Working after expansion working is lower than ambient temperature, working medium can not be conducted heat to environment, as long as the working medium after expansion working is found to whereabouts, as be thrown in environment or be thrown in other thermals source (comprising high temperature heat source) of any temperature, heat engine is with regard to work capable of circulation.Moreover, under given conditions, the cryogenic fluid after expansion working can be thrown in the high temperature heat source of system (as Qc-M-T in Figure 12 2shown in dotted line direction), the working medium of condensation of for example lowering the temperature after expansion working can be thrown in the High Temperature High Pressure working medium after the burning of internal-combustion engine, the for example cryogenic fluid after expansion working can be thrown in the indoor or boiler steam generator of the boiler burning of heat and power system, for example the weary gas in air motor is thrown into (environment is exactly the high temperature heat source of air motor in some air motor) in environment, more for example the liquid of the working medium absorption heat from expansion working is thrown in high temperature heat source.Can draw thus such conclusion: heat engine can be operated under a thermal source, as long as the working medium after expansion working is derived, heat engine just can periodic duty.Working medium after the expansion working being exported can be thrown into than in the low thermal source of self temperature, can be thrown in the thermal source identical with self temperature, can be thrown into than in the high thermal source of self temperature, can be thrown in high temperature heat source, also can be thrown into than in the higher thermal source of high temperature heat source temperature; Moreover, if the working medium after expansion working is only externally passed to low-temperature heat source, the low-temperature heat source being heated still can be thrown in high temperature heat source, for example, the cooling medium of the working medium for after cooling expansion working can be thrown into high temperature heat source.Therefore, the necessary condition of heat engine work is not two thermals source, but at least one thermal source, at least one residual outflow opening (so-called residual outflow opening refers to the outlet of the heat of the working medium after outlet and/or the expansion working of the working medium after expansion working), described residual outflow opening can be communicated with any other thermal source (high temperature heat source that comprises system), in the structure being communicated with high temperature heat source at described residual outflow opening, heat engine gets final product periodic duty with regard to a thermal source of needs, in the structure not being communicated with high temperature heat source at described residual outflow opening, heat engine just need to have two thermals source at least, the outlet of the working medium after residual outflow opening can only be expansion working described in the time that described residual outflow opening is communicated with higher than the thermal source of described residual outflow opening with temperature.Inventor's heat is: heat transmission and the quality transmission in heat engine working procedure can singlely exist, jointly exist or mutually replace.Heat can not be passed to high temp objects and the saying that do not produce other influences is right-on from cryogenic object, for example, but we can for example, be thrown into high temp objects (high temperature refrigerant) cryogenic object (cryogenic fluid), realizing this of " heat is passed to high temp objects from cryogenic object " by quality transmission (cryogenic object being thrown into the process of high temp objects) can not implementation procedure.Heat transmission and quality transmission in heat engine working procedure can singlely exist, jointly exist or this conclusion of mutually replacing is that the heat engine that merit that the merit manufacturing high efficiency thermal machine or manufacture output equals the calorific value of fuel or manufactures output is greater than the calorific value of fuel has indicated direction.Shown in Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13, be respectively three kinds of circulation schematic diagram of q>0, q=0, q<0.
The inventor thinks, the second law of thermodynamics can be annotated by following saying: the necessary condition of heat engine work is not two thermals source, but at least one thermal source, at least one residual outflow opening (so-called residual outflow opening refers to the outlet of the heat of the working medium after outlet and/or the expansion working of the working medium after expansion working), described residual outflow opening can be communicated with any other thermal source (high temperature heat source that comprises system), in the structure being communicated with high temperature heat source at described residual outflow opening, heat engine gets final product periodic duty with regard to a thermal source of needs, in the structure not being communicated with high temperature heat source at described residual outflow opening, heat engine just need to have two thermals source at least, the outlet of the working medium after residual outflow opening can only be expansion working described in the time that described residual outflow opening is communicated with higher than the thermal source of described residual outflow opening with temperature.The discussion of " heat engine must operate between two thermals source; from high temperature heat source draw heat; again a part for institute's draw heat is passed to low-temperature heat source, only in this way could obtain mechanical work " proposing in " power that opinion is fiery " paper that deliver at it for 1824 Kano is that the inventor is to a special case in this saying of the second law of thermodynamics.Kano is a great scientist, but internal-combustion engine is not also born in his that age, exactly because this reason of possibility has been limited to the thought of Kano.Moreover, in Carnot theorem, only embody temperature, and do not relate to pressure, this point illustrates that very possible Kano is first to have set two thermals source that temperature is different in the process of design Carnot theorem, then allow heat engine (be likely and be only confined to external-combustion engine) carry out work according to the mode of Carnot's cycle between these two thermals source, and this pattern is exactly contrary with the heat engine in reality.The low-temperature heat source (being yet low-temperature receiver) of the heat engine in reality is not to exist in advance, but determined by the state (temperature and pressure) of working medium under high temperature heat source and the thermodynamic property of working medium, in other words, the low-temperature heat source (being yet low-temperature receiver) of the heat engine in reality is not to exist in advance, but according to the thermodynamic property of the state of working medium under high temperature heat source (temperature and pressure) and working medium, inflation process is manufactured voluntarily.According to the thermodynamic property of the state of working medium under high temperature heat source (temperature and pressure) and working medium, the temperature of the low-temperature heat source that the process that is inflated is manufactured is voluntarily completely can be lower than ambient temperature, in other words the merit of, exporting completely can be higher than the heat of drawing from high temperature heat source.Can draw thus such conclusion: the temperature of high temperature heat source is being set under the prerequisite of environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value, to improve the pressure of working medium under high temperature heat source as far as possible, so that the temperature of working medium is low as much as possible after expansion working, to improve the efficiency of motor.In reality, the efficiency of heat engine is determined by the temperature of high temperature heat source and ambient temperature, but determined by the value of temperature and pressure under high temperature heat source state, in other words, that the temperature of the low-temperature heat source that the process that is inflated is manufactured voluntarily determines by the temperature of high temperature heat source with according to the thermodynamic property of the state of working medium under high temperature heat source (temperature and pressure) and working medium.
Chemical energy is the source of the energy of modern heat engine, but the inventor thinks, in traditional heat engine, the utilization of chemical energy is existed to suitable defect, cause the basic reason of these defects to be, understanding to chemical energy extremely important attribute is deep not, to chemical energy be can be close to the understanding of the attribute of the working medium input energy under any upper state (High Temperature High Pressure) deep not.In the present invention, for convenience of description, the super moral character that can be close to the attribute definition of the working medium input energy under any upper state (High Temperature High Pressure) be chemical energy by chemical energy, if the super moral character of chemical energy is made full use of, can be so that the efficiency of heat engine obtains the raising of internal.Now there to be heat engine that compression stroke (process) and products of combustion participate in work done to be illustrated as example: S in Figure 14 1, S 2and S 3be the heat engine work schematic diagram that compression dynamics is different, compression dynamics is pressed S 1, S 2and S 3order increases successively, Q hit is the chemical energy of fuel, because the needed merit of compression process can be reclaimed by inflation process, suppose that compression process and inflation process are all reversible, no matter how high compression dynamics is, itself do not affect the efficiency of heat engine, but compression dynamics is higher, be equivalent to chemical energy to bring up to higher grade, these in more high-grade chemical energy can be by its greater part in work done process the formal output with merit, if status parameter is reasonable, brought up to by sizable compression dynamics the temperature that quite high-grade chemical energy can make working medium in expansion working process and drop to the significantly degree lower than standard state, and then the merit that makes heat engine output is greater than the calorific value of fuel, S in Figure 14 31temperature-resistant process after chemical energy is emitted in fuel combustion under the condition that has dilatant to exist, in this process, P 2=P 1before and after representing burning, the constant volume of power pressure increases, and the merit W of output approaches chemical energy Q hprocess, P 2>P 1before and after representing burning, power pressure increases, and the merit W of output is greater than chemical energy Q hprocess.As can be seen here, want to produce the heat engine that has compression stroke (process) and products of combustion participation work done efficient or ultra high efficiency (ultra high efficiency represents that the merit of heat engine output is equal to or greater than the chemical energy of fuel), just necessary: the compression dynamics that, increases considerably heat engine makes chemical energy upload and pass working medium in quite high energy rank, two, after chemical energy is discharged, the status parameter of the High Temperature High Pressure working medium that forms rationalizes that (so-called " status parameter of the High Temperature High Pressure working medium forming after chemical energy is discharged rationalizes " refers to by the relation between the pressure and temperature of working medium after importing dilatant or other modes and making to burn and can make the temperature after working medium expansion working approach, equal, lower than or significantly lower than standard state temperature, so-called other modes are the dynamics that increase substantially engine compresses stroke under the condition that there is no dilatant, pressure and temperature when compression stroke is over is utilizing chemical energy to carry out heat temperature raising to working medium after quite high state, see the state shown in the high end position in Figure 18, although this mode does not manufacture ultra high efficiency motor, but can produce high efficience motor, but Temperature of Working and pressure after needed compression is quite high, material to motor is proposed to very harsh requirement), three, choose reasonable working medium and/or dilatant (so-called choose reasonable working medium refers to selection heat of phase change working medium little and that just liquefy in the time that expansion working arrives setting degree, and so-called choose reasonable dilatant refers to selects heat of phase change dilatant little and that just liquefy in the time that expansion working arrives setting degree).For external-combustion engine, one, must make working medium absorb heat (making working medium recycle chemical energy under quite high temperature and pressure with environment or other low-grade heat sources heats working medium) under quite high pressure and temperature; Two, must make the status parameter of the working medium after heat absorption rationalize; Three, choose reasonable working medium (so-called choose reasonable working medium refers to and select heat of phase change working medium little and that just liquefy in the time that expansion working arrives setting degree).Figure 18 utilizes fuel combustion to carry out to working medium the detailed calculated data figure that heat temperature raising boosts under the prerequisite of working medium being carried out to different compression dynamics, and the longitudinal axis is pressure, and transverse axis is temperature, and 0-H is adiabatic compression curve, A 1-E 1, A 2-E 2, A 3-E 3..., A n-E nrepresent the straight line by fuel combustion, working medium heat temperature raising being boosted under different compression dynamics, and along with the increase of n value, compression dynamics continues to increase, as seen from Figure 18, the boost slope of straight line of heating by ignition becomes large with the raising of compression dynamics gradually; The reasoning of being not difficult, by the state point E in Figure 18 1, E 2, E 3..., E nafter the adiabatic expansion of setting out work done, along with the increase of n value, the temperature of working medium is lower.
In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, Figure 18 has also illustrated: in traditional combustion engine, the situation of temperature surplus is very serious, that is to say in traditional combustion engine after burning compared with pressure, temperature is more than necessary value far away, also can say, compared with temperature, pressure is well below necessary value.From this point, we are not difficult to draw such conclusion: can bear higher temperature and the quality material of high pressure more if we can find, make external-combustion engine working medium pressure and temperature according to
Figure 2011102496243100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(wherein,
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constant,
Figure 2011102496243100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
gas working medium pressure,
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gas working medium temperature,
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for exponent of adiabatic compression) relation increase substantially, if or we can find a kind of Novel heating mode make external-combustion engine working medium pressure and temperature according to
Figure 510784DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
relation increase substantially, just can produce efficient external-combustion engine.From this aspect, external combustion circulation is to have a kind of endless form of the efficiency of producing higher than the potentiality of internal combustion cycle.Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention is exactly the advantage separately of having utilized external combustion circulation and internal combustion cycle, makes the efficiency of motor realize internal raising.
Through the labor of the working procedure to traditional combustion engine more in depth, we can draw the following conclusions: the highest energy state of the gas working medium in cylinder (gas working medium state when burning has just been over, now the temperature and pressure of gas working medium is all the high state in whole circulation) be made up of two processes: first process is that piston carries out adiabatic compression (being actually near adiabatic compresses) to gas
By the temperature and pressure of gas according to
Figure 640283DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(wherein,
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constant,
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gas working medium pressure,
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gas working medium temperature,
Figure 22537DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
for exponent of adiabatic compression, the exponent of adiabatic compression of air is 1.4) relation carry out supercharging and heat (seeing the curve shown in the O-A in Figure 17); Second process be in gas, spray into heat that fuel produces by combustion chemistry reaction be close to wait under the state that holds heating by the temperature and pressure of gas according to (wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
constant) relation heat supercharging (see the straight line shown in the A-E in Figure 17, Figure 17 is that the longitudinal axis is that pressure coordinates transverse axis is the pressure and temp graph of a relation of temperature coordinate).By these two process actings in conjunction make working medium in work done by initial state, power stroke carries out (seeing the curve shown in the E-F in Figure 17) according to adiabatic expansion (being actually near adiabatic expands), in this adiabatic expansion, in external output work, working medium according to
Figure 296709DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
(wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
constant) be related to step-down cooling until power stroke is over (some F shown in state).In other words, reach working medium highest energy state and realize by two various process, and state when being reached power stroke and be over by working medium highest energy state is realized by an adiabatic expansion.Comprised a process that combustion chemistry exothermic heat of reaction heats up owing to reaching the process of the high state of energy, the temperature and pressure relation of this process is
Figure 358206DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
, be not difficult to find out under working medium highest energy state and (see the state shown in the some E in Figure 17), in " surplus " state, (so-called " surplus " temperature refers to according to the relation of adiabatic expansion in order to reach a certain terminal state temperature, in the true temperature that plays working medium under dotted state higher than needed temperature in theory, so-called a certain terminal state refers to the state that O is ordered that approaches in the present invention), the temperature of " surplus " causes the curve of inflation process (in Figure 17, to move right in high temperature position, put the state of F, that is to say, the right side of some F in an O), when formation power stroke is over, still quite high state (state shown in the some F on the curve as shown in curve E-F in Figure 17) of temperature, be not difficult to find out by the state shown in Figure 17 mid point F,
Figure 832437DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(be the Temperature of Working of power stroke while being over, the namely temperature of low-temperature heat source) still in higher state, that is to say and still have suitable heat in working medium and do not become merit, this part heat is all disposed to environment in vain, therefore, efficiency can be in lower state.Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that after description burning, the pressure and temperature relation of gas working medium meets adiabatic compression process temperature and pressure dependence, state when point A, some B, 3 of C of point represent respectively that compression stroke is over, point AA represents the state reaching after chemical reaction that takes fire by an A, point BB represents the state reaching after chemical reaction that takes fire by a B, point CC represents the state reaching after chemical reaction that takes fire by a C, and some O is that the starting point of compression stroke is also the terminal of expansion working stroke.Figure 16 describes the pressure of gas working medium after burning to be greater than the schematic diagram by the determined force value of relation of the pressure and temperature of adiabatic compression process, state when point A, some B, 3 of C of point represent respectively that compression stroke is over; Point AA represents the state reaching after chemical reaction that takes fire by an A, and some AAA represents by a terminal that AA expansion working reaches; Point BB represents the state reaching after chemical reaction that takes fire by a B, and some BBB represents by a terminal that BB expansion working reaches; Point CC represents the state reaching after chemical reaction that takes fire by a C, and some CCC represents by a terminal that CC expansion working reaches.Figure 17 be compression stroke while being over difference heat pressurization and strengthen the dynamics of compression stroke, make the temperature of compressed gas reach temperature-resistant before and after environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value and burning or there is no significant change, and the process schematic diagram that pressure significantly increases (comprising the comparison curves with traditional combustion engine circulation); A-CC, A-BB, A-AA represent different increasing temperature and pressure processes, state when point D represents that compression stroke that the temperature of compressed gas reaches environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value is over, D-DD represents temperature-resistant before and after burning or there is no significant change and process that pressure significantly increases, and some DDD, some CCC, some BBB, some AAA and some O represent respectively the expansion working terminal of various process.As shown in Figure 15, Figure 16 and Figure 17, if we can find a kind of method to make the pressure and temp state point of working medium after the burning pressure and temp curve O-H in adiabatic compression process upper or in the pressure and temp curve O-H of adiabatic compression process left, the Temperature of Working after expansion working can reach the temperature that equals O and order, the temperature of ordering lower than O or the state of the temperature of significantly ordering lower than O, like this efficiency that makes motor is increased substantially, and the merit that can produce output approaches fuel value, equals fuel value or is greater than the motor of fuel value.If the pressure and temp curve O-H right side of the pressure and temp state point of the working medium after burning in adiabatic compression process, although can not produce the motor that the merit of output equals fuel value or is greater than fuel value, but by making the pressure and temp state point of the working medium after burning as far as possible near O-H curve, to reach the raising of efficiency.And want to make the pressure and temp state point of the working medium after burning on curve O-H or in curve O-H left, feasible way is to make all or part of of combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat be absorbed and increase the molal quantity that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done by described dilatant, and the power pressure forming after burning is not less than by formula
Figure 244964DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
(wherein,
Figure 210646DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the power pressure after burning,
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the power pressure that after adiabatic compression, unburned does not import dilatant,
Figure 392229DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
the dividing potential drop that after burning, dilatant forms,
Figure 768852DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the Temperature of Working after burning,
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the Temperature of Working that after adiabatic compression, unburned does not import dilatant,
Figure 606358DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
for exponent of adiabatic compression, the exponent of adiabatic compression of air is 1.4) determined force value,
Figure 172469DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
value, the pressure and temp state point that so can ensure the working medium after burning above or in curve O-H left, could be realized higher efficiency and the better feature of environmental protection in curve O-H like this.Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention is according to above-mentioned theory, following technological scheme is disclosed: in the time that compression stroke/process is over, make the certain proportion of combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat or all imported the dilatant absorption increase of described firing chamber by the molal quantity of the gas working medium of beginning work done, the amount that is for example imported the combustion chemistry that dilatant the absorbed reaction institute liberated heat of described firing chamber in Figure 17 shown in A-CC, A-BB, A-AA increases successively by A-AA, A-BB, A-CC; In order further to raise the efficiency and the feature of environmental protection, little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention also discloses another technological scheme: increase substantially the compression dynamics to gas, make the temperature of compressed gas reach environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value, and the dilatant that makes combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat all be imported described firing chamber absorbs and increases the molal quantity that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done, form before and after burning temperature-resistant or there is no significant change, and the state that pressure significantly increases (for example in Figure 17 shown in D-DD).
In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, the dilatant that is imported described firing chamber at the certain proportion of fuel combustion chemical reaction liberated heat absorbs in the structure that increases the molal quantity that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done, temperature and pressure in firing chamber all can improve, but the raising of pressure is to be made up of two factors: first factor is to cause Temperature of Working to raise (heat up and consider by constant volume) because working medium absorbs the exothermic part of combustion chemistry reaction, and then causes pressure to raise by linear relation; Second factor is to cause gas phase molal quantity in firing chamber to increase because dilatant absorbs the exothermic part of combustion chemistry reaction, and cause pressure to increase, this pressure increase be not due to heat up due to, even if temperature decline, temperature constant or temperature increase to some extent, in this process, pressure all can obviously increase, so-called pressure obviously increase refer to value that pressure increases be not only greater than by
Figure 661088DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
determined force value, and be greater than by
Figure 21662DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
determined force value.The state that first factor is built is the superfluous state of temperature, the state that second factor is built is the negative superfluous state of temperature, science control is inflated the exothermic amount of fuel combustion chemical reaction that agent absorbs, can realize the influence power of controlling these two kinds of factors, and then realize that temperature after burning raises, pressure raises, but the state point of the working medium forming (point being determined by temperature and pressure) is in the left side of the curve of O-H shown in Figure 17 or on O-H curve or on the right side of O-H curve but as far as possible near O-H curve.
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, the dilatant that is imported into firing chamber not only can absorb whole heat that fuel combustion is emitted, but also can absorb the heat of compressed gas working medium of a part, in this case, be about to start the temperature of working medium of work done lower than compression stroke/process Temperature of Working at the end.
Figure 19 be the circulation of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention and the circulation of traditional combustion engine show merit comparison diagram, curve in figure shown in a-b-c-d-a is the indicator diagram of traditional combustion engine circulation, but the curve in figure shown in a-b-m-s-a is the pressure of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention in the time that compression stroke is over when being slightly larger than traditional combustion engine and compressing pressure at the end combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat whole or be close to are all imported the dilatant of described firing chamber absorbs the molal quantity that increases the gas working medium that is about to beginning work done, form temperature-resistant before and after burning or there is no a significant change, and the circulation indicator diagram that the state that pressure significantly increases forms, curve in figure shown in a-z-n-t-a is that the temperature of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention in the time that compression stroke is over reaches environmental protection temperature limit or material temperature limit value and make the whole of combustion chemistry reaction liberated heat or be close to the dilatant that is all imported described firing chamber and absorb the molal quantity that increases the gas working medium that is about to beginning work done, form temperature-resistant before and after burning or there is no a significant change, and the circulation indicator diagram that the state that pressure significantly increases forms.Be not difficult to find out, little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, compared with traditional combustion engine, has higher efficiency and the better feature of environmental protection.
In the present invention, Figure 20 is the graph of a relation of temperature T and the pressure P of gas working medium, the adiabatic relation curve of gas working medium that the O that curve shown in O-A-H is is 298K and 0.1MPa by status parameter is ordered; The virtual condition point that B point is gas working medium, curve shown in E-B-D is the adiabatic relation curve of orderring by B, the pressure that A point is ordered with B is identical; Curve shown in F-G is to be the state point of gas working medium that is about to start work done in current internal-combustion engine by 2800K and 10MPa() the adiabatic relation curve of working medium.
In the present invention, the adiabatic relation of so-called class comprises following three kinds of situations: 1. the status parameter of gas working medium (being the temperature and pressure of working medium) point is on described working medium thermal insulation relation curve, and the status parameter point of gas working medium is in Figure 20 shown in O-A-H on curve, 2. the status parameter of gas working medium (being the temperature and pressure of working medium) point is in the adiabatic relation curve of described working medium left side, the i.e. left side of the status parameter point of gas working medium curve shown in O-A-H in Figure 20, 3. the status parameter of gas working medium (being the temperature and pressure of working medium) point is on the adiabatic relation curve of described working medium right side, be the right side of status parameter point curve shown in O-A-H in Figure 20 of gas working medium, but the temperature of gas working medium not higher than the pressure of gas working medium thus by adiabatic relation calculate gained temperature add 1000K's and, add 950K and, add 900K and, add 850K and, add 800K and, add 750K and, add 700K and, add 650K and, add 600K and, add 550K and, add 500K and, add 450K and, add 400K and, add 350K and, add 300K and, add 250K and, add 200K and, add 190K and, add 180K and, add 170K and, add 160K and, add 150K and, add 140K and, add 130K and, add 120K and, add 110K and, add 100K and, add 90K and, add 80K and, add 70K and, add 60K and, add 50K and, add 40K and, add 30K and or not higher than add 20K's and, as shown in figure 20, the virtual condition point of described gas working medium is B point, A point is the point on the adiabatic relation curve that pressure is identical with B point, the temperature difference between A point and B point should be less than 1000K, 900K, 850K, 800K, 750K, 700K, 650K, 600K, 550K, 500K, 450K, 400K, 350K, 300K, 250K, 200K, 190K, 180K, 170K, 160K, 150K, 140K, 130K, 120K, 110K, 100K, 90K, 80K, 70K, 60K, 50K, 40K, 30K or be less than 20K.
In the present invention, the adiabatic relation of so-called class can be any in above-mentioned three kinds of situations, namely refers to: be about to status parameter (being the temperature and pressure of the gas working medium) point of the gas working medium that starts work done in the left field of adiabatic process curve E-B-D orderring by B as shown in figure 20.
In the present invention, the so-called gas working medium that is about to beginning work done refers to gas working medium when combustion reaction and dilatant importing process all complete.
In the present invention, the engine system (being thermal power system) that the status parameter (being the temperature and pressure of gas working medium) that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done is met to the adiabatic relation of class is defined as low entropy motor.
In the present invention, adjustment is filled with the state (being temperature, pressure and quality) of the gas working medium in described firing chamber, adjusts and imports the amount of fuel to described firing chamber and make the temperature and pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done meet the adiabatic relation of class to the amount that imports dilatant in system.
In the present invention, by gas working medium is carried out in compression process cooling maybe by compression after gas working medium carry out cooling mode, by gas working medium being carried out to the mode (as multistage compression) of significantly supercharging, by import the mode of dilatant to described firing chamber, make the temperature and pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done meet the adiabatic relation of class.
In order to produce efficient and ultra high efficiency motor, the present invention proposes following proposal:
A kind of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, comprise firing chamber, dilatant source and fuel source, described fuel source imports control mechanism through fuel and is communicated with described firing chamber, described dilatant source imports control mechanism through dilatant and is communicated with described firing chamber, and described fuel imports control mechanism and described dilatant importing control mechanism is subject to combustion control device control; Described firing chamber is made as reciprocating engine firing chamber, and the bearing capacity of described reciprocating engine firing chamber is more than or equal to 4MPa, or described firing chamber is made as turbine combustion chamber, and the bearing capacity of described turbine combustion chamber is more than or equal to 2MPa.
Between described firing chamber and described dilatant source, establish dilatant endothermic heat exchanger, the dilatant in described dilatant source is absorbed heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger.
The thermal source of described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger is made as the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.
Dilatant in described dilatant source enters described firing chamber after absorbing heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger and reaching threshold state, supercritical state or ultra supercritical state again.
Described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine also comprises oxidizer source and gas communicating passage, described gas communicating passage is communicated with intake duct and the air outlet flue of described firing chamber, on described air outlet flue, establish exhaust tapping hole, establish exhaust at described exhaust tapping hole place and emit control valve, described oxidizer source is communicated with described firing chamber through described intake duct or directly imports control mechanism through described oxygenant through oxygenant importing control mechanism and is communicated with described firing chamber, described oxygenant imports control mechanism, described fuel imports control mechanism and described dilatant importing control mechanism is subject to combustion control device control.
In described gas communicating passage, establish gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heater.
In described gas communicating passage and/or on described intake duct and/or on described air outlet flue, establish gas heat release ambient cooler.
Air outlet flue place in described firing chamber establishes gas-liquid separator, and described dilatant source is made as the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid separator, and the liquid in described gas-liquid separator uses as described dilatant.
Dilatant in described dilatant source is made as mixed-burned gas liquefaction.
Fuel in described fuel source is made as ethanol, and the dilatant in described dilatant source is made as water, and described fuel source and described dilatant source are made as same ethanol water storage tank.
Described firing chamber is made as insulated combustion chamber.
A kind of method that improves described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection, the compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K, and before the flow of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber makes described turbine combustion Indoor Combustion, the temperature of gas is in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K; Adjust the amount of the dilatant in the described dilatant source importing in described firing chamber and import the amount of the fuel in the described fuel source in described firing chamber, the dilatants that make to import in the whole or intimate described dilatant source all being imported in described firing chamber in described firing chamber of the heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source of described firing chamber produces absorb; Adjusting fuel gas temperature peak in described firing chamber after described burning Indoor Combustion generates below temperature to improve the feature of environmental protection of motor at hazardous compound NOx.
A kind of method that improves described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection, adjust the amount of the dilatant in the described dilatant source importing in described firing chamber and import the amount of the fuel in the described fuel source in described firing chamber, the dilatants that make to import in the whole or intimate described dilatant source all being imported in described firing chamber in described firing chamber of the heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source of described firing chamber produces absorb; Fuel temperature in described firing chamber before and after described combustion chambers burn pressure that substantially remains unchanged increases, to improve the efficiency of motor.
A kind of method that improves described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection, the compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning more than 1000K, and before the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber makes described turbine combustion Indoor Combustion, the temperature of gas is more than 1000K.
A kind of method that improves described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection, adjust the amount of the dilatant in the described dilatant source importing in described firing chamber and import the amount of the fuel in the described fuel source in described firing chamber, the dilatant more than 5% being imported in described firing chamber in the described dilatant source in described firing chamber that makes to import the heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source of described firing chamber produces absorbs.
A kind of method that improves described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection, adjust the temperature that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done below 2000K, adjust the pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done to more than 15MPa, make the temperature and pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done meet the adiabatic relation of class.
In the present invention, be made as in the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber in described firing chamber, the bearing capacity of described reciprocating engine firing chamber is more than or equal to 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or be more than or equal to 40MPa, the pressure of the compressed gas when compression ratio of adjusting motor is over compression stroke is more than or equal to 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or be more than or equal to 40MPa, be made as in the structure of described turbine combustion chamber in described firing chamber, the bearing capacity of described turbine combustion chamber is more than or equal to 2MPa, 2.5MPa, 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or be more than or equal to 40MPa, the flow of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine makes the indoor pressure of described turbine combustion be more than or equal to 2MPa, 2.5MPa, 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or be more than or equal to 40MPa.
In the present invention, adjustment imports the amount of the dilatant in the described dilatant source in described firing chamber and imports the amount of the fuel in the described fuel source in described firing chamber, make to import the more than 6% of heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source of described firing chamber produces, more than 7%, more than 8%, more than 9%, more than 10%, more than 11%, more than 12%, more than 13%, more than 14%, more than 15%, more than 16%, more than 17%, more than 18%, more than 19%, more than 20%, more than 21%, more than 22%, more than 23%, more than 24%, more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 85%, more than 90%, more than 95%, or 100% dilatant in the described dilatant source being imported in described firing chamber in described firing chamber absorb.
In the present invention, the compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning more than 1000K, more than 1300K, more than 1500K, more than 1800K, more than 2000K, more than 2300K, more than 2500K, more than 2800K, more than 3000K, more than 3200K or more than 3500K, before the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor and power turbine in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber makes described turbine combustion Indoor Combustion, the temperature of gas is more than 1000K, more than 1300K, more than 1500K, more than 1800K, more than 2000K, more than 2300K, more than 2500K, more than 2800K, more than 3000K, more than 3200K or more than 3500K.
Principle of the present invention is, by improving the compression ratio of motor, reach the temperature and pressure of the gas in the firing chamber when improving compression stroke or compression process and being over, adjustment enters the amount of fuel and the dilatant of described firing chamber, by making, the exothermic certain value of fuel combustion is indoor in described firing chamber to be absorbed and forms working medium molal quantity and increase and then increase power pressure and temperature variation duty cycle mode little or that remain unchanged replaces in traditional combustion engine firing chamber and obtains by gas working medium is heated up the duty cycle mode that pressure increases by described dilatant, particularly: concerning reciprocating engine, make gas pressure before combustion chambers burn and temperature all exceed gas pressure and the temperature of conventional piston formula internal-combustion engine by improving the compression ratio of internal-combustion piston engine, temperature when controlling fuel and dilatant and entering the amount of described firing chamber and dilatant and enter described firing chamber makes fuel combustion liberated heat as much as possible be absorbed by described dilatant, increase substantially the pressure in firing chamber, and the variable quantity of temperature is little or remain unchanged, concerning turbine, make gas pressure before the burning of turbine combustion chamber and temperature all exceed gas pressure and the temperature of traditional turbine combustion chamber by adjusting the volume flow ratio of gas compressor and turbine, temperature when controlling fuel and dilatant and entering the amount of described firing chamber and dilatant and enter described firing chamber makes fuel combustion liberated heat as much as possible be absorbed by described dilatant, increase substantially the pressure in firing chamber, and the variable quantity of temperature is little or remain unchanged, and then increase substantially efficiency and the feature of environmental protection of motor.
In the present invention, the main purpose of fuel combustion institute liberated heat is absorbed by described dilatant, and is not used to heat temperature raising gas working medium (the particularly gas working medium before burning).
In the present invention, so-called reciprocating engine firing chamber can be four-stroke combustion piston engine chamber, also can be two-stroke piston engine chamber, the firing chamber of Wankel engine can also be the piston-engined firing chamber that air-breathing compression stroke and work done exhaust stroke are made up of Liang Tao mechanism.
In the present invention, so-called low-temperature heat source also can be referred to as low-temperature receiver, with the so-called low-temperature receiver equivalence in some document.
In the present invention, described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger can be made as the cooler of the compressed gas in compression process (stroke), namely utilizes the heat of compressed gas in dilatant absorption pressure compression process, so that compressed gas temperature reduces.
In the present invention, so-called " state of working medium (temperature and pressure) under high temperature heat source " refers to the state of the working medium after absorbing heat from high temperature heat source, the i.e. temperature and pressure of working medium; Under so-called high temperature heat source the state of working medium may with the state consistency of high temperature heat source, also may be inconsistent with the state of high temperature heat source.
In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, so-called " heat is inflated agent and absorbs " refers to that heat is used to heat temperature raising dilatant, gasification dilatant, criticalization dilatant and/or overheated dilatant; So-called criticalization dilatant is to instigate dilatant in threshold state, supercritical state, ultra supercritical state or higher temperature, pressure state.
In the present invention, so-called " temperature variation is little or remain unchanged " refers to after fuel combustion heat all or is close to and all absorbed by described dilatant, gas temperature in firing chamber variable quantity before and after burning is little or remain unchanged, and be close to and there is no superfluous temperature (so-called superfluous temperature refers to according to the relation of adiabatic expansion in order to reach a certain terminal state, in the true temperature that plays working medium under dotted state higher than needed temperature in theory); According to this mode of operation, in little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, after importing fuel and dilatant and combustion chemistry reaction occurs in the compressed gas working medium of compressed stroke (process), the gas pressure in described firing chamber approaches, is equal to or greater than by formula
Figure 408781DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
determined force value (wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
the initial state and the thermomechanics physical property that are constant and working medium are relevant,
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the power pressure after burning, the Temperature of Working after burning,
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for exponent of adiabatic compression, the exponent of adiabatic compression of air is 1.4), in other words, the state that the relation of the temperature and pressure of the gas in described firing chamber is followed while beginning taking compression stroke is substantially starting point, with formula
Figure 199702DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
the relation of determined temperature and pressure, or pressure is greater than by formula
Figure 310878DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
determined force value; This just makes the Temperature of Working after expansion working will be significantly lower than the delivery temperature of traditional combustion engine, and apparent, the raising degree of efficiency is sizable.
In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, for example, in fuel, oxygenant (compressed air or compressed oxygen-containing gas) and dilatant any two are mixed with the 3rd after can mixing in advance, combustion reaction can first occur between oxygenant and fuel and mix with dilatant, also can occur in three and mix time or after three mixes; Can in firing chamber, set up central combustion district, after directly burning, this central combustion district inner oxidizing agent and fuel mixes with the dilatant between burning core area and chamber wall again, can utilize like this dilatant by fuel and oxygenant directly the burn flame and chamber wall isolation of the excessive temperature forming, thus the heat load of minimizing chamber wall.
The so-called dilatant of the present invention refers to and does not participate in the working medium that combustion chemistry has been reacted heat absorption and adjusted work done working medium molal quantity expansion working, can be gas, liquid, critical state material, mixed-burned gas liquefaction, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid helium, liquid nitrogen or liquefied air etc.
In the present invention, so-called mixed-burned gas liquefaction refers to the gas being liquefied, as liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid helium or liquefied air etc.
The so-called oxygenant of the present invention refers to that pure oxygen or other compositions do not produce the oxygen-containing gas of hazardous compound in hot merit transfer process, as liquefied air, hydrogen peroxide or aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution etc.So-called oxidizer source refers to all devices that oxygenant can be provided, system or container, as commercial oxygen source (being high pressure oxygen container or liquefaction oxygen tank) and the oxygen being provided by on-the-spot oxygen generation system in thermal power system (as film separates oxygen generation system) etc.
The so-called gas of the present invention heat absorption low-grade heat source heater refers to device gas working medium being heated taking low-grade heat source (as the waste heat of exhaust heat, cooling system etc.) as thermal source; So-called gas heat release ambient cooler refers to by the heat of gas working medium being discharged in environment carries out cooling device to gas working medium; So-called combustion control device refers to the device that carrys out control combustion by the phase place of amount, the amount of dilatant and/or the amount of oxygenant of control fuel and fuel, dilatant and oxygenant importing; So-called gas-liquid separator refers to the device that gas is separated with liquid.
The so-called importing control mechanism of the present invention refers to the system that according to the requirement of thermal power system combustion chambers burn condition, former working medium (fuel, dilatant and/or oxygenant) is supplied to give firing chamber, and this system comprises valve, pump and/or sensor.
In the present invention, so-called dilatant endothermic heat exchanger refers to the heat exchanger that can absorb heat as the dilatant of thermal source taking the heat of environment or the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine (as the waste heat of exhaust heat, cooling system).
In the present invention, so-called environmental protection temperature limit refers to the maximum temperature that does not produce noxious pollutant, if not produce the environmental protection temperature limit of nitrogen oxide be 1800K etc.; So-called material temperature limit value refers to the maximum temperature that material can bear.
Described dilatant in the present invention can recycle in described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.
The so-called fuel of the present invention refer in all chemical combustion meanings can and oxygen there is the material of violent redox reaction, can be gas, liquid or solid, mainly comprise gasoline, diesel oil, rock gas, hydrogen and coal gas and fluidisation fuel, liquefied fuel or pulverous solid fuel etc. here.So-called liquefied fuel refers to that what be liquefied is the fuel of gaseous state under normal temperature and pressure state.
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, can use hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon oxygen compound to make fuel, for example ethanol or ethanol water, replace original fuel and dilatant with ethanol water, not only can be antifreeze, can also only replace original fuel reservoir and dilatant storage tank with an ethanol water storage tank, and change fuel and the needed ratio of dilatant by the concentration of adjusting ethanol water.When being necessary, can replace fuel and the dilatant in the present invention with the mixed solution of ethanol, water and hydrocarbon, regulate its concentration to meet the requirement of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention.In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, can replace oxygenant and dilatant with aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, realize by the concentration of adjusting aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution the ratio of adjusting oxygenant and dilatant, and can replace oxygenant storage tank and dilatant storage tank with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution storage tank.
In the present invention, in some technological scheme, it is even higher that work done Temperature of Working can reach thousands of degree, and it is even higher that the pressure of work done working medium can reach hundreds of barometric pressure.
In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, by adjusting gas temperature and the pressure of firing chamber, the temperature and pressure that can adjust the working medium after expansion working can make to expand into while setting the swelling pressure when work done, its Temperature of Working is down to quite low level, for example, approach ambient temperature, lower than ambient temperature or significantly lower than ambient temperature.
In the present invention, so-called turbine refers to that gas turbine, jet engine etc. utilize combustion gas to promote the mechanism of turbine work done; So-called reciprocating engine comprises internal-combustion piston engine, enclosed rotor piston type internal-combustion engine etc.
In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, because can being set to nitrogen oxide, the temperature in firing chamber generates below temperature, so even if use liquid nitrogen as described dilatant, also can not produce nitrogen oxide (NO x); Liquid nitrogen can import firing chamber with liquid form, also can import firing chamber with threshold state, can also import firing chamber with ultrahigh pressure gas form.The pressure that so-called ultrahigh pressure refers to gas is the gas pressure in the described firing chamber when importing liquid nitrogen not only, is higher than by formula determined force value; In little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention, when liquid nitrogen imports described firing chamber with the form of gas, the high 2MPa of gas pressure, 3MPa, 4MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 8MPa, 9MPa, 10MPa, 11MPa, 12MPa, 13MPa, 14MPa, 15MPa, 16MPa, 17MPa, 18MPa, 19MPa or high 20MPa described in the pressure ratio of nitrogen in firing chamber.
beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency disclosed in this invention is high, and the feature of environmental protection is good.
Brief description of the drawings
Shown in Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Shown in Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Shown in Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Shown in Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 4;
Shown in Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 5;
Shown in Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 6;
Shown in Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 7;
Shown in Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 8;
Shown in Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 9;
Shown in Figure 10 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 10.
Shown in Figure 11 is q>0 circulation schematic diagram of the present invention;
Shown in Figure 12 is q=0 circulation schematic diagram of the present invention;
Shown in Figure 13 is q<0 circulation schematic diagram of the present invention;
Shown in Figure 14 is the heat engine work schematic diagram that compression dynamics is different;
Shown in Figure 15 is that the present invention describes the schematic diagram that the pressure and temperature relation of gas working medium after burning meets adiabatic compression process temperature and pressure dependence;
Shown in Figure 16 is that the present invention describes the pressure of gas working medium after burning and is greater than the schematic diagram by the determined force value of relation of the pressure and temperature of adiabatic compression process;
Shown in Figure 17 is that the longitudinal axis is that pressure coordinates transverse axis is the pressure and temp graph of a relation of temperature coordinate;
Shown in Figure 18 is the set out schematic diagram of temperature and pressure relation of adiabatic expansion work done of different E points;
Shown in Figure 19 be the circulation of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine disclosed in this invention and the circulation of traditional combustion engine show merit comparison diagram;
Figure 20 is the graph of a relation of temperature T and the pressure P of gas working medium.
In figure:
1 firing chamber, 2 dilatant sources, 3 fuel source, 5 oxidizer sources, 6 gas compressors, 7 power turbines, 9 gas communicating passage, 10 intake ducts, 11 air outlet flues, 12 exhaust tapping holes, control valve is emitted in 13 exhausts, 16 oxygenants import control mechanism, 18 gas heat release ambient cooler, 17 gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heaters, 20 dilatants import control mechanism, 30 fuel import control mechanism, 101 reciprocating engine firing chambers, 102 turbine combustion chambers, 1020 dilatant endothermic heat exchangers, 3020 combustion control devices, 1100 gas-liquid separators.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 1, comprise firing chamber, dilatant source 2 and fuel source 3, described firing chamber is made as reciprocating engine firing chamber 101, the bearing capacity of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 is more than or equal to 4MPa, described fuel source 3 imports control mechanism 30 through fuel and is communicated with described firing chamber, described dilatant source 2 imports control mechanism 20 through dilatant and is communicated with described firing chamber, described fuel imports the dilatant more than 5% being imported in described firing chamber in the described dilatant source 2 in described firing chamber that control mechanism 30 and described dilatant import the heat that fuel combustion that control mechanism 20 controls by combustion control device 3020 to realize in the described fuel source 3 that enters described firing chamber produces and absorbs, the gas pressure when pressure of the compressed gas when compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 is over compression stroke is greater than conventional piston formula engine compresses stroke and is over, adjust the temperature that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done below 2000K, adjust the pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done to more than 15MPa, make the temperature and pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done meet the adiabatic relation of class.The pressure of the compressed gas when compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 is over compression stroke is more than or equal to 4MPa; The compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K, and described fuel imports whole or intimate all dilatants in described firing chamber is imported the described dilatant source 2 in described firing chamber that control mechanism 30 and described dilatant import the heat that fuel combustion that control mechanism 20 controls by combustion control device 3020 to realize in the described fuel source 3 that enters described firing chamber produces and absorbs; Fuel temperature peak in described firing chamber after described combustion chambers burn generates below temperature to improve the feature of environmental protection of motor at hazardous compound NOx;
The compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber 101 makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning more than 1000K.
When concrete enforcement, selectively, the pressure of the compressed gas when compression ratio of adjustment motor is over compression stroke is more than or equal to 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or be more than or equal to 40MPa,
Described fuel imports control mechanism 30 and described dilatant importing control mechanism 20 is subject to combustion control device 3020 controls to realize the more than 6% of heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source 3 that enters described firing chamber produces, more than 7%, more than 8%, more than 9%, more than 10%, more than 11%, more than 12%, more than 13%, more than 14%, more than 15%, more than 16%, more than 17%, more than 18%, more than 19%, more than 20%, more than 21%, more than 22%, more than 23%, more than 24%, more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 85%, more than 90%, more than 95%, or 100% dilatant in the described dilatant source 2 being imported in described firing chamber in described firing chamber absorb,
Adjusting the compression ratio of motor makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning more than 1300K, more than 1500K, more than 1800K, more than 2000K, more than 2300K, more than 2500K, more than 2800K, more than 3000K, more than 3200K or more than 3500K.
Embodiment 2
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 2, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: between described firing chamber and described dilatant source 2, establish dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020, dilatant in described dilatant source 2 is absorbed heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020, and described firing chamber is made as insulated combustion chamber.
Embodiment 3
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 3, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: the thermal source of described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020 is made as the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.Dilatant in described dilatant source 2 enters described firing chamber after absorbing heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger 1020 and reaching threshold state, supercritical state or ultra supercritical state again.
When concrete enforcement, the fuel in described fuel source 3 is made as ethanol, and the dilatant in described dilatant source 2 is made as water, and described fuel source 3 and described dilatant source 2 are made as same ethanol water storage tank.
Embodiment 4
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 4, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine also comprises oxidizer source 5 and gas communicating passage 9, described gas communicating passage 9 is communicated with intake duct 10 and the air outlet flue 11 of described firing chamber, on described air outlet flue 11, establish exhaust tapping hole 12, establish exhaust at described exhaust tapping hole 12 places and emit control valve 13, described oxidizer source 5 is communicated with described firing chamber through described intake duct 10 or directly imports control mechanism 16 through described oxygenant through oxygenant importing control mechanism 16 and is communicated with described firing chamber, described oxygenant imports control mechanism 16, described fuel imports control mechanism 30 and described dilatant importing control mechanism 20 is controlled by combustion control device 3020.
Embodiment 5
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 5, itself and embodiment's 4 difference is: in described gas communicating passage 9, establish gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heater 17.
Embodiment 6
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 6, itself and embodiment's 4 difference is: in described gas communicating passage and/or on described intake duct and/or on described air outlet flue, establish gas heat release ambient cooler.
Embodiment 7
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 7, comprise firing chamber, dilatant source 2 and fuel source 3, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: described firing chamber is made as turbine combustion chamber 102, the bearing capacity of described turbine combustion chamber 102 is more than or equal to 2MPa, adjusts the gas compressor 6 of described turbine and the flow of power turbine 7 and makes the pressure in described turbine combustion chamber 102 be more than or equal to 2MPa; Before adjusting the gas compressor 6 of described turbine and the volume flow ratio of power turbine 7 make the 102 interior burnings of described turbine combustion chamber in described firing chamber being made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber 102, the temperature of gas is more than 1000K.
When concrete enforcement, adjusting the gas compressor 6 of described turbine and the flow of power turbine 7 makes the pressure in described turbine combustion chamber 102 be more than or equal to 2.5MPa, 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, 5.5MPa, 6MPa, 6.5MPa, 7MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 8.5MPa, 9MPa, 9.5MPa, 10MPa, 10.5MPa, 11MPa, 11.5Pa, 12MPa, 12.5MPa, 13MPa, 13.5MPa, 14MPa, 14.5MPa, 15MPa, 15.5MPa, 16MPa, 16.5MPa, 17MPa, 17.5MPa, 18MPa, 18.5MPa, 19MPa, 19.5MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 24MPa, 26MPa, 28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 34MPa, 36MPa, 38MPa or be more than or equal to 40MPa, adjusting the gas compressor 6 of described turbine and the volume flow ratio of power turbine 7 makes the temperature of the front gas of described turbine combustion chamber 102 interior burnings more than 1300K, more than 1500K, more than 1800K, more than 2000K, more than 2300K, more than 2500K, more than 2800K, more than 3000K, more than 3200K or more than 3500K.
Embodiment 8
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 8, itself and embodiment's 7 difference is: replaced described dilatant source 2 with oxidizer source 5, described oxidizer source 5 imports control mechanism 16 through oxygenant and is communicated with described turbine combustion chamber 102.
Embodiment 9
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in Figure 9, itself and embodiment's 5 difference is: described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine also comprises oxidizer source 5, gas communicating passage 9 and gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heater 17, described oxidizer source 5 imports control mechanism 16 through oxygenant and is communicated with described turbine combustion chamber 102, described gas communicating passage 9 is communicated with the intake duct 10 of described gas compressor 6 and the air outlet flue 11 of described power turbine 7, like that on described air outlet flue 11, establishing exhaust side exports 12, at described exhaust tapping hole, 12 places establish exhaust bleeder 13, described oxygenant imports control mechanism 16, described fuel imports control mechanism 30, described dilatant imports control mechanism 20 and described exhaust bleeder 13 is controlled by combustion control device 3020.
Embodiment 10
Little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine as shown in figure 10, itself and embodiment's 1 difference is: air outlet flue 11 places in described firing chamber establish gas-liquid separator 1100, described dilatant source 2 is made as the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid separator 1100, and the liquid in described gas-liquid separator 1100 uses as described dilatant.
Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, according to the known technology of related domain and technological scheme disclosed in this invention, can derive or association goes out many flexible programs, all these flexible programs, also should think protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. one kind little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, comprise firing chamber, dilatant source (2) and fuel source (3), it is characterized in that: described fuel source (3) imports control mechanism (30) through fuel and is communicated with described firing chamber, described dilatant source (2) imports control mechanism (20) through dilatant and is communicated with described firing chamber, and described fuel imports control mechanism (30) and described dilatant importing control mechanism (20) is controlled by combustion control device (3020); Described firing chamber is made as reciprocating engine firing chamber (101), the bearing capacity of described reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) is more than or equal to 4MPa, or described firing chamber is made as turbine combustion chamber (102), the bearing capacity of described turbine combustion chamber (102) is more than or equal to 2MPa.
2. as claimed in claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: between described firing chamber and described dilatant source (2), establish dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020), the dilatant in described dilatant source (2) is absorbed heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020).
3. as claimed in claim 2 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, is characterized in that: the thermal source of described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020) is made as the waste heat of described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine.
4. as claimed in claim 2 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, is characterized in that: the dilatant in described dilatant source (2) enters described firing chamber after absorbing heat in described dilatant endothermic heat exchanger (1020) and reaching threshold state, supercritical state or ultra supercritical state again.
5. as claimed in claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: described little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine also comprises oxidizer source (5) and gas communicating passage (9), described gas communicating passage (9) is communicated with intake duct (10) and the air outlet flue (11) of described firing chamber, on described air outlet flue (11), establish exhaust tapping hole (12), locate to establish exhaust at described exhaust tapping hole (12) and emit control valve (13), described oxidizer source (5) imports control mechanism (16) through oxygenant and is communicated with described firing chamber through described intake duct (10) or is directly communicated with described firing chamber through described oxygenant importing control mechanism (16), described oxygenant imports control mechanism (16), described fuel imports control mechanism (30) and described dilatant importing control mechanism (20) is controlled by combustion control device (3020).
6. as claimed in claim 5 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, is characterized in that: in described gas communicating passage (9), establish gas heat absorption low-grade heat source heater (17).
7. as claimed in claim 5 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, is characterized in that: in described gas communicating passage (9) and/or at described intake duct (10), go up and/or establish gas heat release ambient cooler (18) on described air outlet flue (11).
8. as claimed in claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: the air outlet flue (11) in described firing chamber locates to establish gas-liquid separator (1100), described dilatant source (2) is made as the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid separator (1100), and the liquid in described gas-liquid separator (1100) uses as described dilatant.
9. as claimed in claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, is characterized in that: the dilatant in described dilatant source (2) is made as mixed-burned gas liquefaction.
10. as claimed in claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine, it is characterized in that: the fuel in described fuel source (3) is made as ethanol, dilatant in described dilatant source (2) is made as water, and described fuel source (3) and described dilatant source (2) are made as same ethanol water storage tank.
11. as claimed in claim 1 little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engines, is characterized in that: described firing chamber is made as insulated combustion chamber.
The method of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection as described in one of 12. 1 kinds of raisings are as any in claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that: the compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K, the flow of adjusting gas compressor (6) and power turbine (7) in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber (102) makes in described turbine combustion chamber (102) before burning the temperature of gas in the scope of the positive and negative 200K of 1800K, adjust the amount of the dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) importing in described firing chamber and import the amount of the fuel in the described fuel source (3) in described firing chamber, make to import the whole of heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source (3) of described firing chamber produces or be close to the dilatants absorption in the described dilatant source (2) all being imported in described firing chamber in described firing chamber, adjusting fuel gas temperature peak in described firing chamber after described burning Indoor Combustion generates below temperature to improve the feature of environmental protection of motor at hazardous compound NOx.
The method of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection as described in one of 13. 1 kinds of raisings are as any in claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that: adjust the amount of the dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) importing in described firing chamber and import the amount of the fuel in the described fuel source (3) in described firing chamber, make to import the whole of heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source (3) of described firing chamber produces or be close to the dilatants absorption in the described dilatant source (2) all being imported in described firing chamber in described firing chamber; Fuel temperature in described firing chamber before and after described combustion chambers burn pressure that substantially remains unchanged increases, to improve the efficiency of motor.
The method of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection as described in one of 14. 1 kinds of raisings are as any in claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that: the compression ratio of adjusting motor in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described reciprocating engine firing chamber (101) makes compression stroke be over the temperature of the compressed gas before burning more than 1000K, the volume flow ratio of adjusting gas compressor (6) and power turbine (7) in described firing chamber is made as the structure of described turbine combustion chamber (102) makes in described turbine combustion chamber (102) before burning the temperature of gas more than 1000K.
The method of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection as described in one of 15. 1 kinds of raisings are as any in claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that: adjust the amount of the dilatant in the described dilatant source (2) importing in described firing chamber and import the amount of the fuel in the described fuel source (3) in described firing chamber, what make to import heat that the fuel combustion in the described fuel source (3) of described firing chamber produces more than 5% is imported the dilatant absorption in the described dilatant source (2) in described firing chamber in described firing chamber.
The method of little temperature rise low-entropy mixed-fuel engine efficiency and the feature of environmental protection as described in one of 16. 1 kinds of raisings are as any in claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that: adjust the temperature that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done below 2000K, adjust the pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done to more than 15MPa, make the temperature and pressure that is about to the gas working medium that starts work done meet the adiabatic relation of class.
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