CN102083396B - 利用聚焦激光射线切割组织部分的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于利用聚焦激光射线从组织(10)切割出组织部分(10a)的装置,具有如下:吸引环(28),所述吸引环(28)具有能够被施加到所述组织(10)的表面(22)上的密封表面(42);用于在由所述密封表面(42)、所述组织(10)的所述表面(22)和所述吸引环所限定的腔(38)中产生负压的设备(34,36,46);以及拉平板(30),所述拉平板(30)能够出于成形的目的压靠所述组织(20)的所述表面,和主体(40),所述主体(40)对所述激光射线不透明,与所述吸引环(28)相互作用,并利用所述主体(40)内部边缘(40a)限定所述组织部分(10a)的边缘(14)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于利用聚焦激光射线从组织切割出组织部分的装置。具体而言,该装置涉及在屈光手术过程中,特别是在准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(LASIK)中,从眼睛的角膜切割出所谓的片。本发明将在下文关于屈光手术,特别是LASIK,进行更为详细地阐述。但是,除此以外,本发明通常还可用于利用聚焦激光射线从组织切割出组织部分的目的。
背景技术
在LASIK(也就是说,现在通常已知的利用激光射线对角膜的光学成像性质进行矫正)的情况下,已知的是首先从角膜的前区切割出所谓的片,此时该片的一部分如同铰链一样保持连接到角膜,从而片可折到旁边用于随后利用激光射线切除角膜组织。在完成切除(组织的截除)实施之后,片折回,且发生相对快速的愈合,角膜表面大部分没有受损。
在现有技术的情形中,理论上存在两种不同的技术用于产生片。
一方面,为了切割片,机械的所谓的微型角膜刀(microkeratome)被采用,其利用快速震动的切割边缘从侧面切入角膜。在该情况下,所谓的吸引环被安装到眼睛上,其借助于真空固定眼睛。这是现有技术在这一点上的情形。
另一方面,激光射线还日益增加地被用于切割片,目前,使用具有飞秒范围内的脉冲长度的聚焦激光射线。在该情况下,射线被聚焦在角膜的前表面下面,在组织内,并且焦点被定位在希望的表面中,结果使从角膜中切割出片。这在现有技术中被熟知为飞秒激光LASIK。
利用飞秒激光LASIK,特别存在两种实施例变型:
根据第一实施例,由吸引环和眼睑锁组成的单独的系统被采用,用于侧向固定眼睛。平面(平坦)光学板被压入,以使角膜水平。基质以如上所述的方式在二维上被切割一定深度。边际切口(也就是说,片的边际区域中的焦点的定位)在该情况下通过将焦点定位在与角膜表面一样远的平面外而实现。在该情况下,焦点到达前述平面光学板,结果是,平面光学板被毁坏并因而成为一次性物品。
根据飞秒激光LASIK的另一实施例,平面基质切口类似地使用的吸引环实现,吸引环具有通过吸引眼睛而拉平的作用。在该情况下,切口的深度由塑性膜限定,该塑性膜对激光波长透明且位于拉平板与角膜之间。同样在该情况下,塑性膜是一次性物品。在该情况下切口边缘的特殊结构没有被提供。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种装置,利用其可以实现:组织部分,特别是片,能够利用聚焦激光射线以简单的方式从组织,特别是角膜中被切割。就此而言,特别是手术的持续时间将被缩短,并且用于切口而被引入眼睛中的能量将被减少。
为此目的,本发明提供一种装置,用于利用聚焦激光射线从组织切割出组织部分,具有如下:
吸引环,该吸引环具有能够被施加到组织的表面上的密封表面;
用于在由组织的表面和吸引环所限定的腔中产生负压的设备;以及
拉平板,该拉平板能够出于成形的目的压靠组织的表面,
该装置的特征在于,
主体,该主体对激光射线不透明,与吸引环相互作用,并利用其内部边缘限定组织部分的边缘。
根据本发明,在飞秒激光LASIK的情况下,例如,针对每个希望的片直径并针对每个希望的片的几何形状,对激光射线不透明的“定制的”主体在以上意义下被选择并与吸引环一同采用。在该情况下,对激光射线不透明的前述主体可以已经被稳固地连接到吸引环,使得在给定情况下针对希望的片的形状获得特定的吸引环,或者对激光射线不透明的前述主体作为可更换部分被可松脱地连接到吸引环。
在本发明的意义下,“拉平板”不必是平面(平坦),而是根据希望的切口也可呈现曲率,例如球形曲率。
对激光射线不透明的前述主体优选为环形。
另一结构提供:对激光射线不透明的所述主体部分地吸收或完全吸收激光射线。
本发明的另一结构提供:对激光射线不透明的所述主体静置在接触板上,该接触板具有能够与组织形成接触的密封表面。
附图说明
本发明的示例性实施例将在下文基于附图更为详细地进行阐述。附图中:
图1A-1C示意性示出在飞秒激光LASIK的情况下片的产生;
图2示意出根据本发明的用于从组织切割出组织部分的装置的示例性实施例;
图3为图2的细部的放大图;以及
图4为对激光射线不透明的主体的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1A、1B和1C示意性示出使用具有飞秒范围内的脉冲长度的聚焦射线切割角膜10中的片10a的过程中的条件。所使用的激光波长对应于现有技术的情况。
图1A示出角膜10、其异色边缘12、片10a的边缘14和巩膜26的俯视图。在关节连接(articulated)部分16(铰链)中,切割片10a保持连接到角膜10,使得其可以以这样所知的方式向上折叠。图1B示出激光的焦平面18,也就是说,激光射线的焦点被定位为使得切口整体出现的平面。就此而言,在此使用的术语“平面”在技术语言上并不被理解为意味着绝对平面的,而是包含焦点的表面的曲形设计,如根据图1B所示的切口。
根据图1B的圆形细部K被放大显示在图1C中。根据该图,激光焦点所在的表面在侧向切口20中的边际区域中被向上拉起。切割片的边缘14位于焦点的切口平面与角膜10的前表面22相交的点。图1B还示出片的直径D 1和厚度D2以及角膜10的后表面24。
侧向切口20和对应的激光射线的焦点的引导是精巧且复杂的,这也有可能导致不完美的切口。边缘14处的侧向切口也是耗时的且导致相对高的引入眼睛的总能量。这二者均利用根据图2至图4的装置得到改进。
图2示出具有拉平板30的吸引环28,拉平板30被压到角膜10的前表面22上。如上所述,拉平板30不必是决对平面(平坦)的,而是还可以是曲形的,例如球形。
根据这样所知的方式,吸引环28具有开口32,用于在空间38中产生有效但不过度的负压,使得眼睛被侧向固定在吸引环28中。根据这样所知的方式,吸引环28进一步具有连接件34,在该连接件34中的管道36引到由附图标记46表示的真空泵(未示出)。
吸引环28具有接触板44,其承受抵靠角膜10的前表面22的密封表面42,使得空间38密封抵靠角膜,且在所述空间中负压相对于外界大气占据主导。
激光焦点所在的表面18示于图2和图3中。激光的焦平面在所示的示例性实施例中为完全平面的。这特别保持在切口的边缘14处的区域。出于限定切口边缘14的目的,使用对激光射线不透明的主体40。图4示出对激光射线不透明的主体40的示例性实施例的俯视图。根据图2,主体40被放置到前述吸引环接触板44上。其被定位在拉平板30下面并被选择为使得其内部边缘40a(见图4)对应于片10a的希望的边缘24。因此,片10a的形状可通过选择主体40的形状而被确定。根据图4,区域18a中的激光脉冲变得有效,即,激光切口仅仅在表面18a中起作用,表面18a在图4中以平行阴影线的方式被示出,使得铰链区域16保持未切割。根据图1C具有较大角度α的倾斜侧向切口20在此是不必要的。而是,在边际区域中,切口的引导可保持平面。图2示出激光射线可被引导在对激光射线不透明的主体40整个上的区域‘X’,而没有针对希望的切口的缺点。这简化了对激光束的控制。
根据图2的示例性实施例示出激光的焦点的平面18,其在严格意义上为平面,但在切口内部(也就是说,直接围绕边缘14的区域的外部),切口的引导还可以不是平坦的,例如是球形或类似形状。
拉平板30在手术过程中保持不受损。片的厚度(见图1B,附图标记D2)可通过基质组织中的焦点的深度的变化而适应于希望的切口形状。在边际区域中沿z方向(一般而言,‘z方向’在此限定为垂直于拉平板的方向,也就是说,基本上沿光学轴向的方向)的激光焦点的位置的改变在边际区域中变得多余。因此,手术的持续时间也可被明显缩短。
附图标记列表
10 角膜
10a 片
12 异色边缘
14 (片的)边缘
16 关节连接部分(‘铰链’)
18 激光的焦平面
18a 切口区域
20 侧向切口
22 (10的)前表面
24 (10的)后表面
26 巩膜
28 吸引环
30 拉平板
32 开口
34 连接件
36 管道
38 腔(真空)
40 射线不透明主体
40a 内部边缘
42 密封表面
44 吸引环接触板
46 真空泵
D1 直径
D2 厚度
α 角度
β 角度
K 圆
X 区域
S 基质
Claims (5)
1.一种用于利用聚焦激光射线从组织(10)切割出组织部分(10a)的装置,具有如下:
-吸引环(28),所述吸引环(28)具有能够被施加到所述组织(10)的表面(22)上的密封表面(42);
-用于在由所述组织(10)的所述表面(22)和所述吸引环所限定的腔(38)中产生负压的设备(34,36,46);以及
-拉平板(30),所述拉平板(30)能够出于成形的目的压靠所述组织(20)的所述表面,
其特征在于
-主体(40),所述主体(40)对所述激光射线不透明,与所述吸引环(28)相互作用,并利用所述主体(40)内部边缘(40a)限定所述组织部分(10a)的待被切割的边缘(14)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,对激光射线不透明的所述主体(40)为环形。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,对激光射线不透明的所述主体(40)至少部分地吸收所述激光射线。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,对激光射线不透明的所述主体(40)静置在接触板(44)上,所述接触板(44)具有能够与所述组织(10)形成接触的密封表面(42)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述密封表面(42)能够与眼睛的所述角膜(10)形成接触,并且对所述激光射线不透明的所述主体(40)的所述内部边缘(40a)限定片(10a)的边缘,所述片(10a)能够在眼科手术的过程中向上折叠。
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- 2008-06-20 CN CN2008801299329A patent/CN102083396B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-20 ES ES08773562.7T patent/ES2442002T3/es active Active
- 2008-06-20 WO PCT/EP2008/005012 patent/WO2009152838A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-06-20 EP EP08773562.7A patent/EP2317962B1/de active Active
- 2008-06-20 JP JP2011513882A patent/JP5474952B2/ja active Active
- 2008-06-20 CA CA2728974A patent/CA2728974C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-20 BR BRPI0822811A patent/BRPI0822811B8/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-20 KR KR1020107028650A patent/KR101362988B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-06-20 MX MX2010014009A patent/MX2010014009A/es active IP Right Grant
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2009
- 2009-06-17 TW TW098120186A patent/TW201002295A/zh unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0822811B1 (pt) | 2019-07-30 |
RU2480189C2 (ru) | 2013-04-27 |
JP5474952B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
BRPI0822811B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
RU2011100471A (ru) | 2012-07-27 |
KR101362988B1 (ko) | 2014-02-17 |
JP2011524218A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
CA2728974A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
AU2008357925A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
ES2442002T3 (es) | 2014-02-07 |
CA2728974C (en) | 2015-08-25 |
CN102083396A (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
KR20110028289A (ko) | 2011-03-17 |
MX2010014009A (es) | 2011-05-03 |
BRPI0822811A2 (pt) | 2015-06-30 |
US20110112519A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
EP2317962A1 (de) | 2011-05-11 |
AU2008357925B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
EP2317962B1 (de) | 2013-11-27 |
WO2009152838A1 (de) | 2009-12-23 |
TW201002295A (en) | 2010-01-16 |
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