CN102076835B - 润滑油添加剂和含此添加剂的润滑油组合物 - Google Patents
润滑油添加剂和含此添加剂的润滑油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102076835B CN102076835B CN200980124998.3A CN200980124998A CN102076835B CN 102076835 B CN102076835 B CN 102076835B CN 200980124998 A CN200980124998 A CN 200980124998A CN 102076835 B CN102076835 B CN 102076835B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anhydride
- succinimide
- ethylenically unsaturated
- acid
- unsaturated carboxylic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/36—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/40—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones
- C07D207/404—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. succinimide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/18—Complexes with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/09—Complexes with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/215,739 | 2008-06-30 | ||
| US12/215,739 US8022023B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2008-06-30 | Lubricating oil additive and lubricating oil composition containing same |
| PCT/US2009/049212 WO2010002863A2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2009-06-30 | Lubricating oil additive and lubricating oil composition containing same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102076835A CN102076835A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
| CN102076835B true CN102076835B (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
Family
ID=41448188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980124998.3A Active CN102076835B (zh) | 2008-06-30 | 2009-06-30 | 润滑油添加剂和含此添加剂的润滑油组合物 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8022023B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2297284B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP2011526915A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN102076835B (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2727738C (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2010002863A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8426608B2 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2013-04-23 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Process for preparation of high molecular weight molybdenum succinimide complexes |
| CN102796592B (zh) * | 2011-05-27 | 2016-06-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种有机钼添加剂、其制备方法及含有该添加剂的润滑油组合物 |
| US20140018269A1 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-01-16 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Post-treated molybdenum imide additive composition, methods of making same and lubricating oil compositions containing same |
| CN106084094A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-09 | 新乡市瑞丰新材料股份有限公司 | 一种聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺的制备方法 |
| US10077410B2 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-09-18 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Synergistic lubricating oil composition containing mixture of antioxidants |
| US10329512B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2019-06-25 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubrication oil composition with enhanced wear and low speed pre-ignition properties |
| CN114958470B (zh) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-08-11 | 福建清油夫实业有限公司 | 一种复合型润滑油修复添加剂及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2201433C1 (ru) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-03-27 | Левин Александр Яковлевич | Способ получения присадки к моторным смазочным маслам |
| US20040023819A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-05 | Boffa Alexander B. | Methods and compositions for reducing wear in internal combustion engines lubricated with a low phosphorus content lubricating oil |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1085903A (en) | 1964-11-19 | 1967-10-04 | Castrol Ltd | Additives for lubricating compositions |
| CA1125735A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1982-06-15 | Esther D. Winans | Molybdenum complexes of ashless nitrogen dispersants as friction reducing antiwear additives for lubricating oils |
| US4259195A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-03-31 | Chevron Research Company | Reaction product of acidic molybdenum compound with basic nitrogen compound and lubricants containing same |
| US4259194A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-03-31 | Chevron Research Company | Reaction product of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate with basic nitrogen compounds and lubricants containing same |
| US4265773A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-05-05 | Chevron Research Company | Process of preparing molybdenum complexes, the complexes so-produced and lubricants containing same |
| US4261843A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-04-14 | Chevron Research Company | Reaction product of acidic molybdenum compound with basic nitrogen compound and lubricants containing same |
| US4272387A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-06-09 | Chevron Research Company | Process of preparing molybdenum complexes, the complexes so-produced and lubricants containing same |
| US4285822A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-08-25 | Chevron Research Company | Process for preparing a sulfurized molybdenum-containing composition and lubricating oil containing the composition |
| US4263152A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-04-21 | Chevron Research Company | Process of preparing molybdenum complexes, the complexes so-produced and lubricants containing same |
| US4283295A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-08-11 | Chevron Research Company | Process for preparing a sulfurized molybdenum-containing composition and lubricating oil containing said composition |
| JPS5716095A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1982-01-27 | Texaco Development Corp | Production of lubricant additive |
| US4324672A (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-04-13 | Texaco, Inc. | Dispersant alkenylsuccinimides containing oxy-reduced molybdenum and lubricants containing same |
| US4500439A (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1985-02-19 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Hydrocarbon-soluble polyamine-molybdenum compositions, lubricants and gasoline containing same |
| US4357149A (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1982-11-02 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Hydrocarbon-soluble oxidized, sulfurized polyamine-molbdenum compositions and gasoline containing same |
| US5286823A (en) * | 1991-06-22 | 1994-02-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of highly reactive polyisobutenes |
| US6372696B1 (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2002-04-16 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Traction fluid formulation |
| US20040038833A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-02-26 | Deckman Douglas E. | Lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines with improved wear performance |
| US6962896B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2005-11-08 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Reduced color molybdenum-containing composition and a method of making same |
| US7361629B2 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2008-04-22 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives for lubricants and fuels |
| WO2006043527A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-04-27 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 潤滑油組成物 |
| CN100510036C (zh) * | 2006-02-28 | 2009-07-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种有机钼润滑油添加剂及其制备方法 |
| JP5143516B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-26 | 2013-02-13 | シェブロンジャパン株式会社 | 低硫酸灰分低硫黄低リン低亜鉛潤滑油組成物 |
-
2008
- 2008-06-30 US US12/215,739 patent/US8022023B2/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-06-30 CA CA2727738A patent/CA2727738C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-30 JP JP2011516804A patent/JP2011526915A/ja active Pending
- 2009-06-30 WO PCT/US2009/049212 patent/WO2010002863A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-06-30 CN CN200980124998.3A patent/CN102076835B/zh active Active
- 2009-06-30 EP EP09774314.0A patent/EP2297284B1/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-08-23 US US13/199,225 patent/US8193131B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-09-09 JP JP2014183055A patent/JP6014636B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2201433C1 (ru) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-03-27 | Левин Александр Яковлевич | Способ получения присадки к моторным смазочным маслам |
| US20040023819A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-05 | Boffa Alexander B. | Methods and compositions for reducing wear in internal combustion engines lubricated with a low phosphorus content lubricating oil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2727738C (en) | 2016-09-27 |
| US8022023B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
| CA2727738A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| US8193131B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
| WO2010002863A2 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| WO2010002863A3 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
| WO2010002863A8 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
| JP2014237720A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
| US20110312861A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
| EP2297284A4 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
| US20090325833A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
| JP2011526915A (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
| EP2297284A2 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
| EP2297284B1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| JP6014636B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
| CN102076835A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
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| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |