CN102060610B - Liquid type composite foliar fertilizer special for wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid type composite foliar fertilizer special for wheat, which contains a large quantity of nutrient elements, a medium quantity of nutrient elements and trace nutrient elements, a beneficial element and auxiliary agents, wherein the content of the large quantity of nutrient elements (N+P2O5+K2O) is more than 70g/L and the mass ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O is (7-9):1:(3-5), the content of the medium quantity of nutrient elements (Mg+S) is more than 20g/L and the mass ratio of Mg to S is 1:(2-3), the content of the trace nutrient elements (Zn+Mn+B+Mo) is more than 10g/L and the mass ratio of Zn to Mn to B to Mo is (4.5-5.5):(4.5-5.5):(2-3):1, and the content of the beneficial element Si is 0-10g/L. Water is used as a solvent, the content of a chelant is 5-35g/L, and the content of a wetting agent is 0.05-0.3g/L. The liquid type composite foliar fertilizer is diluted with water by 500-800 times, 50-100kg of diluted liquid type composite foliar fertilizer is applied per mu and sprayed to upper and medium leaves, especially back of the leaves. The liquid type composite foliar fertilizer is respectively applied once during a period of seedling establishment, a jointing stage, a heading stage and a pustulation period of wheat, and the average rate of growth can reach above 10 percent.

Description

A kind of liquid type composite foliar fertilizer special for wheat

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of chemical fertilizer, particularly polyelement composite fertilizer, is exactly a kind of liquid type composite foliar fertilizer special for wheat.

Two, background technology

Wheat is the topmost food crop of China.From seed germination to producing seed, wheat will experience and to emerge, tiller, survive the winter, turn green, stands up all one's life, jointing, booting, ear, bloom, be in the milk, the growth and development process such as maturation.Winter wheat planted in fall, Second Year is ripe summer, and full vegetative period is generally at 230～270 days.

Wheat is absorbed with Liang Ge peak to nitrogen, and one is to tiller to before surviving the winter, and another peak is that jointing arrives booting.After the absorption peak of phosphorus is appeared to the jointing stage.Be that wheat needs the period that potassium is maximum jointing to boot stage.Stage absorbed dose to sulphur is the highest to boot stage with jointing, and stand up jointing and booting were taken second place to flowering period.To the absorption of iron element mainly in jointing stage and milk stage.Turning green-earing is especially the period that wheat needs boron most critical with booting-heading-stage.Manganese is maximum to absorbing day of flowering period at jointing.Turn green to jointing and be to copper absorption intensity and absorb maximum period.Zinc, molybdenum jointing to day in flowering period absorbed dose maximum.

In a word, before wheat is turned green, less to the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, but reaction is more responsive, is the critical period of wheat nutrient; After turning green, to heading, be the period of wheat dry-matter Rapid Accumulation, the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is also increased; And after heading is bloomed, the receptivity of root system declines, the slump in demand to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, in body, the utilization of nutrient is mainly from reallocation.It around jointing stage, is the critical period of micro-element nutrition.Bloom to stage of maturity compensating fertilizer is the assurance of High-yield Wheat.Therefore, in wheat period of seedling establishment, jointing stage, heading stage, filling stage, spray rational foliar nutrient and can improve wheat yield and quality.Yet between big or middle, micronutrient element, may chemical reaction occur and cause nutrient availability to reduce, the residence time of foliar nutrient on crop blade face also can directly affect the utilization ratio of nutrient simultaneously.Therefore, need centering trace element to carry out chelating, to solution, will carry out wettability processing.

The moisture that the bright body of general plant contains 65-95% and the dry-matter of 5-35%.Dry-matter is mainly comprised of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and ash element, and they account for successively 45%, 42%, 6.5%, 1.5% and 5.0% of dry weight in plant materials.In 5.0% ash content, contain tens kinds of elements, but wherein only some is that plant is necessary and useful.So-called plant essential nutrient element is exactly indispensable element in plant growth and development process.If lacked, just can not completing, plant by seed germination, through growing, finally born the breeding cycle of seed of new generation.Except essential nutritive element, also have the not all higher plant of some elements institute essential, but they are essential to certain plants; Or be conducive to the growth of certain plants; Or can alleviate the toxic action of other elements; Or can be in lower function of some specificity etc.These elements are called as beneficial element.At present definite plant essential nutrient element has 16, i.e. carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), chlorine (Cl).And be divided into macroelement, comprise carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium; Moderate-element, comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur; Trace element, comprises iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, chlorine.Common are beneficial unit have: sodium (Na), silicon (Si), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), alum (V) and iodine (I) etc.

Three, summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to provide a kind of pancebrin build composite foliage fertilizer for wheat, so-called full nutrition comprises needed a large amount of, the middle amounts of Growth of Wheat and micronutrient element and beneficial element, and technical problem to be solved is the proportionlity of various nutrient elements and the consistency in solution thereof.

The alleged macronutrient of the present invention refers to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, is selected from urea, potassium primary phosphate and saltpetre or vitriolate of tartar, and its content is respectively with N and P ₂o ₅and K ₂o meter; Alleged middle amount nutritive element refers to magnesium and sulphur, is selected from sal epsom, zinc sulfate and manganous sulfate, and its content is divided in Mg, S; Alleged micronutrient element refers to zinc, molybdenum, manganese and boron, is selected from zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, manganous sulfate and active boron or borax, and its content is respectively in Zn, Mo, Mn, B; Alleged useful nutritive element is silicon, is selected from Starso, and its content is in Si.When calculating content, take ammonium molybdate as example, except molybdenum, also the nitrogen in ammonium should be counted in total nitrogen, the rest may be inferred by analogy.

This foliage fertilizer is to take the foliage fertilizer that water is solvent, comprises big or middle, micronutrient element, beneficial element and auxiliary agent, and difference with the prior art is macronutrient (N+P ₂o ₅+ K ₂o) content is greater than 70g/L, and its mass ratio is N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=(7-9): 1: (3-5); Middle amount nutritive element (Mg+S) content is greater than 20g/L, and its mass ratio is Mg: S=1: (2-3); Micronutrient element (Zn+Mn+B+Mo) content is greater than 10g/L, and its mass ratio is Zn: Mn: B: Mo=(4.5-5.5): (4.5-5.5): (2-3): 1; Total nutrient (N+P ₂o ₅+ K ₂o+Mg+S+Zn+Mn+B+Mo) content is greater than 110g/L, beneficial element Si content 0-10g/L.Sequestrant content is 5-35g/L, and wetting agent content is 0.05-0.3g/L.

Preferred macroelement (N+P ₂o ₅+ K ₂o) content is 80-90g/L, and its mass ratio is constant, and moderate-element (Mg+S) content is 30-40g/L, and its mass ratio is constant, and trace element (Zn+Mn+B+Mo) content is 20-30g/L, and its mass ratio is constant, total nutrient (N+P ₂o ₅+ K ₂o+Mg+S+Zn+B+Mo+Mn) content is greater than 130g/L, and beneficial element Si content is 3-5g/L, and sequestrant content is 14-18g/L; Wetting agent content is 0.1-0.2g/L.

Described sequestrant is selected from EDTA, quadrol or citric acid etc., its effect be with in, trace element forms inner complex, thereby suppresses the generation of insoluble phosphate.

Described wetting agent is selected from anionic or nonionic surface active agent, as alkyl-sulphate, alkylsulfonate, lauroyl diethanolamine, coconut oil diethanolamine, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether etc., its effect is the surface tension that reduces solution, improve solution in blade face wettability of the surface, make it even spread, prevent that pearl from falling, extend solution in the abundant absorption to nutrient with assurance wheat of the residence time of blade surface.

Described active boron is four water eight borate two sodium (Na ₂b ₈o ₁₃4H ₂o), boracic 20.9%, is a kind of new and effective instantly-soluble borate, also claims instant boron.

In this composite foliage fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulphur, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum and silicon are necessary, but each element ratio can be according to the principle of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, depending on particular case, in above-mentioned given range, adjust, if can select N: P such as available nitrogen element in soil is abundant ₂o ₅: K ₂o is 7: 1: (3-5), if available nitrogen element wanes and can select N: P in soil ₂o ₅: K ₂o is 9: 1: (3-5), the rest may be inferred by analogy.

The preparation method of this foliage fertilizer is by the nitrogen of metering, phosphorus, the potassium raw material solution A that obtains soluble in water, and the pH value that regulates described solution A with sulfuric acid obtains solution B to 3-4; By in metering, trace and the beneficial element raw material solution C that obtains soluble in water; In described solution C, add sequestrant stirring reaction 1-2h at 50-80 ℃ of metering to obtain solution D; By solution B with solution D is mixed and add the wetting agent of metering to stir 0.5-1h at 20-50 ℃, add water to certain volume, remove by filter the non-water soluble impurity of bringing in raw material and obtain product.

This foliage fertilizer is for preventing calcium phosphate precipitation, adopting interpolation sequestrant is that master, reduction pH value of solution are auxiliary terms of settlement, sequestrant can with in, trace element forms has sterically hindered inner complex and generate to suppress precipitation, reduce pH and be conducive to improve phosphatic solubleness.

Optimum process condition is preferably chelating temperature 60-70 ℃, time 1.5-2h; Moistened surface treatment temp 30-40 ℃, time 0.8-1h.

This composite foliage fertilizer is watered dilution 500-800 doubly while using, mu is used diluent 50-100kg, sprays in the back side upper, middle part blade, particularly blade.In wheat period of seedling establishment, jointing stage, heading stage, filling stage, respectively spray 1 time.Average stimulation ratio can reach more than 10%.If spray in rear 5h, meet and rain, should mend and execute.

Four, embodiment

1, raw material is prepared

Get urea, potassium primary phosphate, saltpetre, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, sal epsom, ammonium molybdate, manganous sulfate, active boron, borax, Starso, sulfuric acid, sequestrant, wetting agent, water standby.

2, preparation process

(1) by macroelement material dissolution in water solution A, by the pH value of sulfuric acid regulation solution A, obtain solution B to 3-4;

(2) will in, trace element materials and beneficial element material dissolution in water solution C, to adding in solution C sequestrant to stir 1-2h at 50-80 ℃, carry out chelatropic reaction and obtain solution D;

(3), by solution B with solution D is mixed and add the wetting agent of metering to stir 0.5-1h at 20-50 ℃, add water to certain volume, and remove by filter the non-water soluble impurity of bringing in raw material and obtain composite foliage fertilizer stoste;

(4) composite foliage fertilizer stoste is packed to obtain to composite foliar fertilizer product.

3, example:

Urea 10 (4.64), saltpetre 5 (N0.686, K ₂o2.301), potassium primary phosphate 1.3 (K ₂o0.438, P ₂o ₅0.664), sal epsom 10 (Mg0.966, S1.273), zinc sulfate 5 (Zn1.102, S0.540), manganous sulfate 3.4 (Mn1.083, S0.631), ammonium molybdate 0.4 (Mo0.215, N0.027), active boron 2.2 (B0.460), Starso 3 (Si0.394), sequestrant 1.6, wetting agent 0.01, (if material unit is g, unit is mL here to add water to 100, if material unit is kg, unit is L here, and the rest may be inferred by analogy).

Macronutrient content (N5.353+P ₂o ₅0.664+K ₂o2.739) be 87.56g/L, wherein N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=8.06: 1: 4.13; Middle amount nutritive element content (Mg0.966+S2.444) is 34.10g/L, wherein Mg: S=1: 2.53; Micronutrient element content (Zn1.102+Mo0.215+B0.460+Mn1.083) is 28.60g/L, Zn: Mn: B: Mo=5.13: 5.04: 2.14: 1; Beneficial element Si content is 3.94g/L.Total nutrient (N+P ₂o ₅+ K ₂o+Mg+S+Zn+B+Mn+Mo) content is 150.26g/L.Sequestrant content is 16g/L, and wetting agent content is 0.1g/L.Chelating temperature is 70 ℃, time 1.5h; 40 ℃ of moistened surface treatment temps, time 1h.

4, using method and precaution:

(1) by 1: 500-800 (weight) is watered dilution, shakes up;

(2) period of seedling establishment, jointing stage, heading stage, filling stage respectively spray 1 time.

(3) should before 10 o'clock mornings or after at 4 o'clock in afternoon, spray at calm cloudy day or fine day;

(4) be sprayed on emphatically, middle part blade, especially vacuum side of blades that are sprayed on more;

(5) every mu of diluent consumption 50-100 kilogram;

(6) spraying chance rain in rear 5h should fill spray.

Appendix:

Urea GB2440-2001 N:46.4%

Ammonium nitrate GB2945-89 N:34.4%

Potassium primary phosphate HG2860-1997 P:22.3%=P ₂o ₅: 51.1%, K:28%=K ₂o:33.7%

Saltpetre GB/T 1918-1998 KNO ₃: 99%, pure KNO ₃containing K ₂o:46.49%, N:13.85%

Sal epsom HG/T 2680-95 MgSO ₄7H ₂o:98%, pure MgSO ₄7H ₂o is containing Mg:9.86%, S:12.99%

Zinc sulfate HG/T 2326-2005 ZnSO ₄7H ₂o 97%, pure ZnSO ₄7H ₂o contains Zn:22.73%, S:11.13%,

Manganous sulfate HG/T 2962-1999 MnSO ₄h ₂o 98%, pure MnSO ₄h ₂o is containing Mn:32.51%, S:18.93%

Ammonium molybdate GB/T 3460-2007 (NH ₄) ₆mo ₇o ₂₄4H ₂o 99%, pure (NH ₄) ₆mo ₇o ₂₄4H ₂o is containing Mo:54.35%, N:6.8%

Active boron [four water eight borate two sodium (Na ₂b ₈o ₁₃4H ₂o)] containing B:20.9%

Borax GB/T 537-2009 Na ₂b ₄o ₇10H ₂o 95%, and sterling is containing B:11.33%

Copper sulfate GB437-93CuSO ₄5H ₂o 96%, and sterling is containing Cu 25.45%, S:12.82%

Ferrous sulfate HG/T2935-2006 is containing Fe19.7%, S:11.29%

Starso HG/T2568-2008 Na ₂siO ₃5H ₂o, standard technique index S iO ₂27.3%-29% (Si12.74%-13.53%)

Rose vitriol [CoSO ₄nH ₂o (n=1 or 7)] HG/T 3775-2005,1 water Co33.0%, S17.95%, 7 water Co20.5%, S11.15%

Claims (1)

1. a liquid type composite foliar fertilizer special for wheat, take water as solvent, and big or middle, the micronutrient element dissolving in water, beneficial element and auxiliary agent form, and it is characterized in that: macronutrient content 80-90g/L, described macronutrient is N+P ₂o ₅+ K ₂o, its mass ratio N:P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=(7-9): 1:(3-5), middle amount nutritive element content is 30-40g/L, described middle amount nutritive element is Mg+S, its mass ratio Mg:S=1:(2-3), micronutrient element content 20-30g/L, described micronutrient element is Zn+Mn+B+Mo, its mass ratio Zn:Mn:B:Mo=(4.5-5.5): (4.5-5.5): (2-3): 1, beneficial element Si content 3-5g/L, sequestrant content is 14-18g/L, wetting agent content is 0.1-0.2g/L; Described sequestrant is selected from EDTA, quadrol or citric acid; Described wetting agent is selected from alkyl-sulphate, alkylsulfonate, lauroyl diethanolamine, coconut oil diethanolamine or fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.