CN102059959B - New-energy or hybrid-power micro electric automobile - Google Patents
New-energy or hybrid-power micro electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN102059959B CN102059959B CN2010101942100A CN201010194210A CN102059959B CN 102059959 B CN102059959 B CN 102059959B CN 2010101942100 A CN2010101942100 A CN 2010101942100A CN 201010194210 A CN201010194210 A CN 201010194210A CN 102059959 B CN102059959 B CN 102059959B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a new-energy or hybrid-power micro electric automobile, comprising a frame, one to three longitudinally arranged anticollision individual seats, an anticollision panel, a steering system, a front wheel assembly, a rear wheel assembly, wheel hub motors, a braking system, an adjusting controller, an electronic differential mechanism and LED lamps. The power supplies of the new-energy or hybrid-power micro electric automobile can be lithium batteries or super capacitors or fuel batteries or nickel-hydrogen batteries or hybrid power. Because the fuel batteries have special requirements for temperature and humidity, a front cooling air inlet scoop and an upper cooling air inlet scoop are additionally arranged. The whole new-energy or hybrid-power micro electric automobile has the advantages of small volume, light weight, simple structure, safety, reliability, energy conservation, and emission reduction, and is easy to operate, thereby organically integrating the economic, social and environmental benefits and meeting the needs of a part of people.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electronlmobil field; Relate in particular to the miniature electric automobile vehicle frame, vertically be provided with 1---the selection configuration of 3 crashproof individual seats, Crashworthy plate, steering system, preceding wheel assembly, rear wheel assembly, wheel hub motor, lithium cell or fuel cells or ultracapacitor or Ni-MH battery or the multiple power supply of hybrid power, and the preceding cooling inlet scoop of fuel cell, on cool off the technical field of inlet scoop.
Background technology
The development of automobile has had the history in more than 100 year; Its shape, size, structure, configuration and function day by day science, people-oriented and grow with each passing hour; Its drive axle, vehicle frame, vehicle bridge, wheel, suspension, steering system, brake system, electric system, lamp system, gadget, appearance design and human engineering, aerodynamic application; Give electronlmobil with huge inspiration invariably; Be all the vehicle of riding instead of walk, the electronlmobil of development has been escaped not the pattern of orthodox car to a great extent and has been had to follow and use for reference both at home and abroad.Compare with orthodox car; The power density in electric powered motor source, energy density is low and equipment operation cost height becomes the bottleneck of restriction electronlmobil development; Want to make electronlmobil to enter into the market; Certainly need innovation and breakthrough; For demand is created, more want demand creation, the current market and the state of the art, strong call, expedite the emergence of a kind of working clan of adaptation, moderate and low-income citizens, shield sleet blazing sun meet and send off old man and child, less occupant, the narrower increase urban highway of vehicle body is degree of utilization, town road speed, in response to the miniature electric automobile of national energy-saving and emission-reduction industry policy.
Do not see the relevant the present invention of automobile or electronlmobil vertically is provided with the only crashproof individual seat of 1-3 or individual seat, Crashworthy plate in vehicle body report.
Do not see the report of automobile or the relevant vehicle frame of the present invention of electronlmobil.
Do not see the report of automobile or the relevant steering system of the present invention of electronlmobil.
Do not see the report of the preceding wheel assembly of the relevant the present invention of automobile or electronlmobil, rear wheel assembly.
About electrical source of power such as fuel cell, solar cell panel, small power generation unit, lead battery, lithium cell, ultracapacitors test more or less, the report of application are arranged on battery-driven car, electronlmobil; But see it is not installed in the report on the miniature electric automobile of the present invention, also do not see relevant fuel cell preceding cooling inlet scoop, on cool off the report of inlet scoop.
Hydromechanical groundwork shows, fluid is from big the flowing to the little space of sectional area of sectional area, and flow velocity will strengthen; The liquid motion overwhelming majority that realm of nature occurs has the motion of revolving; Irrotational motion is as long as will be become by external force slightly the motion of revolving is arranged, and external force is ubiquitous, and the air-flow of cooling inlet scoop and last cooling inlet scoop has basically and revolves before getting into; So the air-flow efficient of truncation cone is higher, the air-flow of rectangular cone is more even.
Fuel cell is that a kind of chemical power with fuel need not the buffering through heat energy and mechanical energy; Directly produce the power generation assembly of electric energy; Electrolyte classification by common both at home and abroad has; Alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and SOFC (SOFC); Also have super acids fuel cell, membrane fuel cell etc.; Definition according to fuel cell; Comprise that the air metal battery of zinc, aluminium surely belongs to the category of fuel cell, wherein alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and zinc air metal fuel battery all have the report of experiment and application on electronlmobil, and the our times various countries are direct alcohol fuel battery (DMFC) and zinc air metal fuel battery in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) to the exploitation major part of fuel cell powered vehicle.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of miniature electric automobile; Vertically be provided with 1 in its vehicle body, the vehicle frame---3 crashproof individual seats, Crashworthy plate, steering system, preceding wheel assembly, rear wheel assembly, wheel hub motor; Power supply dispose several kinds of selections; Because fuel cell has also been set up preceding cooling inlet scoop and last cooling inlet scoop to the specific (special) requirements of temperature, humidity.
Technical scheme
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of miniature electric automobile, and it comprises vehicle body, vehicle frame, crashproof individual seat, Crashworthy plate, steering system, preceding wheel assembly, rear wheel assembly; Wheel hub motor; Power supply dispose several kinds of different combinations, when the configuration of power supply is fuel cell, cooling inlet scoop before also will installing, on cool off inlet scoop and temperature, humidity sensor; In addition, also arrangement brake system, adjustment control, E-Diff, LED car light of car load.
(A) 1---3 crashproof individual seats or individual seat vertically are installed in the vehicle body, and crashproof individual seat both sides are connected with the vehicle body both sides, and the bottom is connected with bottom of frame; Crashproof individual seat overlooks and is curvilinear figure, trapezoidal, polygon; Or both sides are line segment, and back is curve, or both sides are curve; Back is line segment, and both sides and back are curve, line segment or its combination; Connect Crashworthy plate between 2 crashproof individual seats; The Crashworthy plate bottom connects to ground, and Crashworthy plate just is being regarded as trapezoidal, square or polygon, and Crashworthy plate top and sideline in front are line segment or curve; Be line segment, curve or its combination; Before crashproof individual seat's anterior bonded assembly Crashworthy plate be connected with body forward structure, the Crashworthy plate of installing between the crashproof individual seat of vertical 2 seat coach or be designed to the form at the straddle-type seat of motor bike can be sat an adult or a child above.
(B) vehicle frame on the spot is cross-linked by one of rectangle, square thin-walled tube or the two and forms; 2 not parallel or parallel bumper/spoiler, axle sleeve underbeam, main beam, front stall front cross rail, front stall after cross member, transverse axis cover beam, back seat front cross rail, back seat after cross member, secondary crossbeam, after cross members of on the spot being cross-linked successively of longeron;
Support sleeve is the part of preceding wheel assembly; 2 support sleeve bottom cylindricals are connected with the two ends of axle sleeve underbeam; The top cylindrical of 2 support sleeves is connected with the two ends that axle sleeve is put the beams in place; The top of 2 support sleeves connects 2 diagonal braces respectively simultaneously; The bottom of diagonal brace respectively on a preceding left side, the preceding right side, a back left side, back be right-hand to partly being connected with the bumper/spoiler partial sum main beam of longeron, aiding the strong before 2 leg-of-mutton axle sleeves connects bumper/spoiler, longeron, axle sleeve underbeam and support sleeve, aids the strong behind 2 leg-of-mutton axle sleeves to connect support sleeve, axle sleeve underbeam, longeron and main beam;
2 secondary longerons are cross-linked the two ends of main beam, front stall front cross rail, transverse axis cover beam, back seat front cross rail respectively; The front end that 2 main beams are aided the strong connects the two ends of main beam; The rear end is mitered 2 longerons respectively; The two ends of the front end connection horizontal axle sleeve beam that 2 horizontal covers are aided the strong, the rear end is mitered 2 longerons respectively, 4 transverse axis cover hanging feets be connected transverse axis cover beam the bottom, two ends, apply mechanically the bolt sliding block joint with the transverse axis of rear wheel assembly;
Connect 4 diagonal braces in the damping before and after the two ends of axle respectively; The diagonal brace bottom partly is connected with the longeron of back seat front cross rail, back seat after cross member respectively; Go up axle for 2 and aid the strong and be cross-linked, its 4 end points connect in the damping on top axle and diagonal brace respectively partly and the longeron and the diagonal brace part of bottom;
(C) body forward structure is provided with steering system, and the steering handwheel in the steering system is provided with the automatically controlled speed governing handle of manually operated, or is re-established as the pedal speed governing of automobile; Steering handwheel connects turntable shaft; Turntable shaft connect steering universal joint and and then connect L shaped pitman arm; The arm of force part of pitman arm is used the bolt sliding block joint with the middle part that turns to cross bar; Turn to the two ends of cross bar to connect compensator respectively, the other end of 2 compensators is used the bolt sliding block joint with the steering shaft of 2 preceding wheel assemblies respectively; Compensator is the elastic body of rigidity; It is straight or crooked or spiral by 1 or many; The cross section is flat or columniform, and the flexible axle of extension spring or spring or rubber bar or neoprene rod or steel wire strand is formed, and it had both guaranteed to turn to the accurate of transmission; Can compensate 2 preceding wheel assemblies again since the road surface beat produce to turn to the positional error between cross bar and the steering shaft be error in length, also be the direction error of front-wheel steering; The center of pitman arm vertical pivot is that the center of fixed point, arm of force part bolt is point; The center of pivot shaft is that the center of fixed point, steering shaft other end keyhole is point; Required distance between these two fixed points and the moving point equates that according to the rule of parallelogram, when steering handwheel turned over an angle to the left or to the right, two front-wheels also can turn over identical angle to identical direction.The people that can ride battery-driven car so just is easy to drive miniature electric automobile.
(D) the vehicle frame front portion is provided with 2 preceding wheel assemblies; Before the bottom of pivot shaft of wheel assembly vertically connect steering shaft, laterally connect front wheel spindle; Front wheel spindle connects electrical motor and front wheel hub, motor mounting in front wheel hub, slick and sly running-fit in pivot shaft top and the support sleeve top; The packing ring bearing is housed on the omoplate of pivot shaft is connected the anti-avulsion lid with shock absorption device, top; The interior circle of packing ring bearing cooperates with pivot shaft, slick and sly running-fit in cylindrical and the support sleeve bottom, and support sleeve is fixed on the vehicle frame, and pivot shaft slides up and down in support sleeve under the effect of shock absorption device and swings around axle.
(E) the vehicle frame rear portion is provided with 2 rear wheel assemblies, and the transverse axis cover of half forked type support front of rear wheel assembly is used the bolt sliding block joint with vehicle frame transverse axis cover hanging feet; Partly type supports posterior transversal connection hind axle again; Hind axle connects electrical motor and rear-wheel hub, and motor mounting is in rear-wheel hub, and half forked type supports the top, rear portion and connects shock absorption device; Axle is connected in the top of shock absorption device and the damping of vehicle frame, and transverse axis is enclosed within the effect of shock absorption device and swings around axle.
(F) power supply dispose several kinds of different combinations:
1. lithium cell is installed on miniature electric automobile is comprised ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery; Perhaps on miniature electric automobile, install the accessory feed ultracapacitor additional and comprise double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor, perhaps install the small power generation unit additional; Perhaps install solar cell panel additional, when installing ultracapacitor or small power generation unit additional, cooling inlet scoop before being equipped with onboard, on cool off one of inlet scoop or the two, or blower fan is installed is that it is aeration-cooling.
2. fuel cell is installed on miniature electric automobile is comprised direct alcohol fuel battery, air metal fuel battery, air metal fuel battery comprises zinc air metal fuel battery, aluminium air metal fuel battery again; Installation accessory feed lead battery or lithium cell comprise that ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery or ultracapacitor comprise double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor on miniature electric automobile.
When fuel cell is installed on miniature electric automobile, for the preceding cooling inlet scoop with dedusting function of its configuration, on cool off one of inlet scoop or the two, be its temperature adjustment humidification; The preceding cooling inlet scoop that is installed in body forward structure is frustoconical sheets or the rectangular cone that ventilation inlet is big, air-out is young, and air outlet is installed air quantity controller and the humidification control setup around the center shaft rotation by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; Equally; The upward cooling inlet scoop that is installed in the vehicle body top is the rectangular cone that ventilation inlet is big, air-out is young; Top is provided with the air intake guide plate, and the both sides of air intake guide plate are for opening around center shaft or the fan-shaped side plate of contraction, folding, and center shaft connects the top that air intake guide plate and fan-shaped side plate be installed in vehicle body and forms ventilation inlet; Temperature, humidity sensor instruction air intake guide plate rotate to regulate intake around center shaft, instruct the work of humidification control setup simultaneously; Perhaps air intake guide plate, fan-shaped side plate are fixing expanded configuration, and air outlet is installed air quantity controller and the humidification control setup around the center shaft rotation by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; Perhaps air intake guide plate, fan-shaped side plate for fixing open, be higher than roof or equal with it, form ventilation inlet jointly with the vertical roof of curved surface, air outlet is installed the air quantity controller and the humidification control setup that rotate around center shaft by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; When particularly roof was horizontal curved surface, air intake guide plate, fan-shaped side plate were fixing open curved-surface structure; Perhaps will go up the cooling inlet scoop and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body or the both sides or a side of vehicle body.
When the air metal fuel battery on miniature electric automobile in the installation fuel cell comprises zinc, aluminium air metal fuel battery; For the preceding cooling inlet scoop that is installed in body forward structure, top of its configuration with dedusting function, on cool off one of inlet scoop or the two; Air is pressed into battery body and metal reaction, produces electric energy, simultaneously air metal fuel battery is carried out adjustment and make its normal operation; Perhaps will go up the cooling inlet scoop and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body or the both sides or a side of vehicle body.
3. ultracapacitor is installed on miniature electric automobile is comprised double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor; The accessory feed lithium cell comprises ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery, or Ni-MH battery, or storage battery, or the small power generation unit, or solar cell panel is installed on the vehicle body; Simultaneously be equipped with at body forward structure, top before the cooling inlet scoop, on one of cooling inlet scoop or the two or installation blower fan be that ultracapacitor is aeration-cooling.
4. Ni-MH battery is installed on miniature electric automobile; Accessory feed is a lithium cell, or ultracapacitor, or storage battery, or the small power generation unit, or solar cell panel; Cooling inlet scoop before on vehicle body, being equipped with simultaneously, on one of cooling inlet scoop or the two, or the installation blower fan is that Ni-MH battery is aeration-cooling; When ultracapacitor or small power generation unit are installed, also regulate temperature for it.
5. storage battery is installed on miniature electric automobile; Accessory feed is a lithium cell, or ultracapacitor, or Ni-MH battery, or the small power generation unit, or solar cell panel; When ultracapacitor is installed, or Ni-MH battery, or during the small power generation unit, cooling inlet scoop before also will being equipped with, on cool off one of inlet scoop or the two, or blower fan is installed is that it is aeration-cooling.
Beneficial effect:
2 uneven longerons in this miniature electric automobile vehicle body and the vehicle frame, 2 secondary longerons, 10 crossbeams, support sleeve, axle sleeves are put the beams in place, axle in the damping, diagonal brace, being cross-linked of aiding the strong; A lot of stable trapezoidal, triangles have been formed; In conjunction with vertically install 1---3 the crashproof individual seats and the Crashworthy plate trinity, make vehicle body narrow, in light weight, not only crashproof, but also increased road utilization rate; Steering handwheel is provided with the automatically controlled speed governing handle of manually operated, and is simple to operate like this, avoided mistake step on accelerator of vehicle; Compensator makes originally, and complicated apparatus becomes simply, reliably, the rotational angle of steering handwheel and two front-wheels is synchronous, makes electric vehicle drive easy as riding battery-driven car; Preceding wheel assembly, rear wheel assembly are as good as with the orthodox car suspension in appearance; It had both satisfied the visual custom of people to orthodox car; Accomplish simple in structure, dependable performance again; Rear wheel assembly has been save longitudinal force bar, the horizontal force bar of orthodox car fully, directly offsets vehicle body stressed when advancing, retreating and braking; The disposing several kinds and select of power supply to satisfy the demand of this car to different dynamic; Because the setting of preceding cooling inlet scoop and last cooling inlet scoop; Saved configuration and the power consumption of fuel cell to the adjustment blower fan, car load is the combination of economic benefit and social benefit, environmental benefit; Vehicle frame, the only crashproof individual seat of 1-3 who vertically installs and Crashworthy plate, steering system, preceding wheel assembly, rear wheel assembly, preceding cooling inlet scoop, on cool off inlet scoop and be applicable on electrobus, electrocar, electric truck, electronic open sport car, the electronlmobil.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of vehicle frame
Fig. 3 is the birds-eye view of crashproof individual seat and Crashworthy plate.
Fig. 4 is the birds-eye view of another crashproof individual seat and Crashworthy plate.
Fig. 5 is the birds-eye view of another crashproof individual seat and Crashworthy plate.
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of steering system.
Fig. 7 is the schematic perspective view of compensator.
Fig. 8 is the schematic perspective view of another compensator.
Fig. 9 is the schematic perspective view of preceding wheel assembly.
Figure 10 is the schematic perspective view of rear wheel assembly.
Figure 11 is the schematic perspective view of another embodiment.
Figure 12 is a schematic perspective view of going up the cooling inlet scoop.
Figure 13 is the schematic perspective view of cooling inlet scoop on another.
Figure 14 is the schematic perspective view of preceding cooling inlet scoop.
Figure 15 is the schematic perspective view of another embodiment.
Figure 16 is the schematic perspective view of another embodiment.
Figure 17 is the schematic perspective view of another embodiment.
1 vehicle body, 2 vehicle frames, 3 longerons, 4 bumper/spoilers among the figure
5 axle sleeves, 6 axle sleeve underbeams, 7 main beams, the 8 front stall front cross rails of putting the beams in place
9 front stall after cross members, 10 transverse axis cover beam, 11 back seat front cross rails, 12 back seat after cross members
13 secondary crossbeam 14 after cross members 15 support sleeves 16 diagonal braces
19 secondary longeron 20 main beams of aiding the strong behind 18 axle sleeves of aiding the strong before 17 axle sleeves are aided the strong
The 21 horizontal covers axle 24 transverse axis cover hanging feet of aiding the strong of aiding the strong in 22 dampings on the axle 23
25 crashproof individual seat's 26 Crashworthy plates 27 steering systems 28 steering handwheels
29 automatically controlled speed governing handle 30 turntable shafts 31 steering universal joints 32 pitman arms
33 turn to cross bar 34 compensators 35 preceding wheel assembly 36 pivot shafts
37 steering shafts, 38 fronts wheel spindle, 39 electrical motors, 40 front wheels hub
41 packing ring bearings, 42 shock absorption devices, 43 anti-avulsions are covered 44 rear wheel assemblies
45 half again type support 46 transverse axis and overlap 47 hind axles, 48 rear-wheel hubs
49 lithium celies, 50 ultracapacitors, 51 fuel cells, 52 Ni-MH batteries
53 storage batterys, 54 small power generation units, 55 solar cell panels
Cooling inlet scoop 58 air intake guide plates on the cooling inlet scoop 57 before 56
59 fan-shaped side plate 60 center shafts 61 air quantity controllers
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, consults Fig. 1, vertically installs 1 in the miniature electric automobile vehicle body 1---3 crashproof individual seat 25 or 1---3 individual seats; Crashproof individual seat 25 both sides are connected with vehicle body 1 both sides; The bottom is connected with vehicle frame 2 bottoms, and crashproof individual seat 25 overlooks and is curvilinear figure, trapezoidal, polygon, or both sides are that line segment, back are curve; Or both sides are that curve, back are line segment, and both sides and back are curve, line segment or its combination; Crashworthy plate 26 just is being regarded as trapezoidal, square or polygon, and Crashworthy plate 26 tops and sideline in front are curve or line segment, and Crashworthy plate 26 is curve, line segment or its combination; Crashworthy plate 26 bottoms are connected with vehicle frame 2 bottoms; Connect Crashworthy plate 26 between 2 crashproof individual seats 25; Before 1 anterior connection of anterior bonded assembly Crashworthy plate 26 and vehicle body of crashproof individual seat 25; The Crashworthy plate of installing between the crashproof individual seat 25 of vertical 2 seat coach 26, or be designed to the form at the straddle-type seat of motor bike, can sit an adult or a child above; Perhaps between 2 crashproof individual seats 25 with before crashproof individual seat's 25 front portion, partly or entirely do not adorn Crashworthy plate 26; Vehicle body 1 front portion is provided with steering system 27; Vehicle frame 2 front portions are provided with 2 preceding wheel assemblies 35, in the front wheel hub 40 if do not establish electrical motor 39; Vehicle frame 2 rear portions are provided with 2 rear wheel assemblies 44, in the rear-wheel hub 48 if do not establish electrical motor 39; Lithium cell 49 is housed in the vehicle body 1, comprises ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery; Accessory feed ultracapacitor 50 comprises double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor; Or Ni-MH battery 52; Or storage battery 53; Or small power generation unit 54; Or solar cell panel 55; When ultracapacitor 50 is installed, or Ni-MH battery 52 is installed, or small power generation unit 54 is installed, cooling inlet scoop 56 on vehicle body 1, install before, on cool off one of inlet scoop 57 or the two, or the installation blower fan is that it is aeration-cooling.
Or 1 arrange seats only in the vehicle body 1,2 crashproof individual seats 25 or 2 individual seats laterally are installed.
Or 2 arrange seatses vertically are installed in the vehicle body 1, and front-seat 2 crashproof individual seats 25 or 2 individual seats, 2 crashproof individual seats 25 or 2 individual seats are arranged in the back.
Preceding wheel assembly 35 is not established in vehicle frame 2 front portions, change by automotive suspension to support, in the front wheel hub 40 if do not establish electrical motor 39; Or vehicle frame 2 rear portions do not establish rear wheel assembly 44, change by automotive suspension to support, in the rear-wheel hub 48 if do not establish electrical motor 39; Or vehicle frame 2 front and rear portions do not establish before wheel assembly 35 and rear wheel assembly 44, change by automotive suspension and support, in front wheel hub 40, the rear-wheel hub 48 if do not establish electrical motor 39.
Miniature electric automobile or setting or three-wheeled electric vehicle or be arranged to electronic roadster, electrobus, electrocar, electric truck, the electronlmobil of three-wheel, four-wheel; Or be arranged to the only crashproof individual seat 25 of 1-2 or 1-2 individual seat vertically is installed in the operator's compartment, be provided with three-wheel, the four-wheel miniature electric automobile of compartment, bucket behind the car.
The only crashproof individual seat 2 of 1-3 or 1-3 individual seat vertically are installed on the electronlmobil promptly to be fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
2 secondary longerons 19 are cross-linked the two ends of main beam 7, front stall front cross rail 8, transverse axis cover beam 10, back seat front cross rail 11 respectively; Aid the strong 20 front end of 2 main beams connects the two ends of main beam 7; The rear end is mitered 2 longerons 3 respectively; The aid the strong two ends of 21 front end connection horizontal axle sleeve beam 10 of 2 horizontal covers, rear end respectively 3,4 transverse axis covers of mitered 2 longerons hanging feet 24 be connected transverse axis cover beam 10 left and right bottom, use the bolt sliding block joint with the transverse axis cover 46 of rear wheel assembly 44.
Connect 4 diagonal braces 16 in the damping before and after the two ends of axle 22 respectively; Diagonal brace 16 bottoms are connected with longeron 3 parts of back seat front cross rail 11, back seat after cross member 12 respectively; Go up axle for 2 and aid the strong and 23 be cross-linked, its 4 end points connect the longeron 3 and diagonal brace 16 parts of axle 22 and diagonal brace 16 parts and bottom in the damping on top respectively.
Or this miniature electric automobile do not establish vehicle frame 2, and makes vehicle frame 2 by the sheet steel blanked part that rectangle, square thin-wall steel tube are strengthened; Or by molded item making vehicle frame 2; Or make vehicle frame 2 by the glass fiber reinforced plastics composite material of fibrous glass or carbon fiber; Or directly adopt automobile chassis frame.
Embodiment 4; Consult Fig. 4; Miniature electric automobile is vertical 3 seat coach, in the vehicle body 1 before crashproof individual seat 25 overlook to trapezoidal, in crashproof individual seat 25 overlook and be curvilinear figure; It is that curve, back are line segment that rear anti-crash individual seat 25 overlooks both sides, before, during and after crashproof individual seat's 25 both sides and back be curve, line segment or its combination; Between 2 crashproof individual seats 25 Crashworthy plate 26 is installed, preceding crashproof individual seat's 25 anterior bonded assembly Crashworthy plates 26 and 1 anterior connection of vehicle body.
Embodiment 6, consult Fig. 6, and vehicle body 1 front portion is provided with steering system 27, and the steering handwheel 28 in the steering system 27 is provided with the automatically controlled speed governing handle 29 of manually operated, or are re-established as the pedal speed governing of automobile; Steering handwheel 28 connects turntable shaft 30; Turntable shaft 30 connect steering universal joints 31 and and then connect the pitman arm 32 of L type; The arm of force part of pitman arm 32 is used the bolt sliding block joint with the middle part that turns to cross bar 33; The other end that turns to the two ends of cross bar 33 to connect 34,2 compensators 34 of compensator is respectively used the bolt sliding block joint with the steering shaft 37 of two preceding wheel assemblies 35 respectively; Compensator 34 is elastic bodys of rigidity; It is straight or crooked or spiral by 1 or many; The extension spring of flat or cylindrical material or the flexible axle of spring or rubber bar or neoprene rod or steel wire strand are formed; It both guaranteed to turn to transmission accurately, can compensate 2 preceding wheel assemblies 35 again since the road surface beat produce to turn to the positional error between cross bar 33 and the steering shaft 37 be error in length, also be the direction error of front-wheel steering; The center of pitman arm 32 vertical pivots is that the center of fixed point, arm of force part bolt is point; The center of pivot shaft 36 is that the center of fixed point, steering shaft 37 other end keyholes is point; Required distance between these two fixed points and the moving electricity equates; Rule according to parallelogram; When steering handwheel 28 turned over an angle to the left or to the right, two front-wheels also can turn over identical angle to identical direction, and the people that can ride battery-driven car so just is easy to drive miniature electric automobile.
Or this miniature electric automobile do not install steering system 27, and the steering system of automobile is installed.
Embodiment 8, consult Fig. 8, and compensator 34 is made by the round steel of spring steel, and the hole is established at two ends, and an end bolt together turns to cross bar 33, and the other end is with bolt sliding block joint steering shaft 37.
Embodiment 9; Consult Fig. 9, the bottom of the pivot shaft 36 of preceding wheel assembly 35 vertically connects steering shaft 37, laterally connects front wheel spindle 38; Front wheel spindle 38 connects electrical motor 39 and front wheel hub 40; Electrical motor 39 is installed in the front wheel hub 40, and slick and sly running-fit in pivot shaft 36 tops and support sleeve 15 tops is equipped with packing ring bearing 41 and is connected anti-avulsion lid 43 with shock absorption device 42, top on the omoplate of pivot shaft 36; The interior circle of packing ring bearing 41 cooperates with pivot shaft 36, slick and sly running-fit in cylindrical and support sleeve 15 bottoms; Support sleeve 15 is fixed on the vehicle frame 2, and pivot shaft 36 is in upper and lower slip and around axle swing in support sleeve 15 under the effect of shock absorption device 42, the action of accomplishing damping and turning to; Install or do not adorn electrical motor 39 in the front wheel hub 40 of preceding wheel assembly 35; Before wheel assembly 35 be installed on the electrobus, electrocar, electric truck, roadster, electronlmobil of three-wheel, four-wheel, promptly fall in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 10, consult Figure 10, and half forked type of rear wheel assembly 44 supports 45 anterior transverse axis and overlaps 46; Use the bolt sliding block joint with the transverse axis cover hanging feet 24 of vehicle frame 2; Half forked type supports 45 posterior transversal and connects hind axle 47, and hind axle 47 connects electrical motor 39 and rear-wheel hub 48, and electrical motor 39 is installed in the rear-wheel hub 48; Half forked type supports top, 45 rear portions and connects shock absorption device 42; Axle 22 is connected in the damping of the top of shock absorption device 42 and vehicle frame 2, transverse axis cover 46 under the effect of shock absorption device 42 around the axle swing, the action of completion damping; Install or do not adorn electrical motor 39 in the rear-wheel hub 48 of rear wheel assembly 44; Rear wheel assembly 44 is installed on the electrobus, electrocar, electric truck, roadster, electronlmobil of three-wheel, four-wheel, promptly falls in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 11, consult Figure 11, and fuel cell 51 comprises direct alcohol fuel battery, air metal fuel battery, and air metal fuel battery comprises that again zinc air metal fuel battery, aluminium air metal fuel battery are installed in the vehicle body 1; Accessory feed lithium cell 49 comprises ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery, or ultracapacitor 50 comprises double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor, or Ni-MH battery 52, or storage battery 53 is installed in the vehicle body 1; Go up one of cooling inlet scoop 57 or the two of being installed in the anterior preceding cooling inlet scoop 56 of vehicle body 1 and being installed in vehicle body 1 top with dedusting function are fuel cell 51 temperature adjustment humidifications; Perhaps will go up cooling inlet scoop 57 and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body 1 or the both sides or a side of vehicle body 1; Cooling inlet scoop 56 before perhaps not installing, on cool off inlet scoop 57, and cooling blower is installed, be fuel cell 51, Ni-MH battery 52, ultracapacitor 50, regulate temperature.
When the air metal fuel battery on miniature electric automobile in the installation fuel cell 51 comprises zinc air metal fuel battery or aluminium air metal fuel battery; Be installed in the anterior preceding cooling inlet scoop of vehicle body 1 56 be installed in vehicle body 1 top go up one of cooling inlet scoop 57 or the two; Air is pressed into battery body and zinc or reactive aluminum, generation electric energy, simultaneously zinc, aluminium air metal fuel battery is carried out adjustment and make its normal operation; Perhaps will go up cooling inlet scoop 57 and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body 1 or the both sides or a side of vehicle body 1.
Embodiment 12; Consult Figure 12; The cooling inlet scoop 57 of going up that is installed in vehicle body 1 top is the rectangular cone that ventilation inlet is big, air-out is young, air intake guide plate 58, fan-shaped side plate 59 for fixing open, be higher than roof or equal with it, form ventilation inlet with the vertical roof of curved surface, air outlet is installed the air quantity controller 61 and the humidification control setup that rotate around center shaft 60 by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; This structure neither influences intake; The roof line style is even along not prominent part, meets people's visual custom, perhaps will go up cooling inlet scoop 57 and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body 1 or the both sides or a side of vehicle body 1.
Embodiment 13; Consult Figure 13, the cooling inlet scoop 57 of going up that is installed in vehicle body 1 top is the rectangular cone that ventilation inlet is big, air-out is young, and top is provided with air intake guide plate 58; The both sides of air intake guide plate 58 are for opening around center shaft 60 or the fan-shaped side plate 59 of contraction, folding; Center shaft 60 connects air intake guide plates 58 and forms ventilation inlet with the top that fan-shaped side plate 59 is installed in vehicle body 1, and temperature, humidity sensor instruction air intake guide plate 58 rotate to regulate intake around center shaft 60, instructs the work of humidification control setup simultaneously; Perhaps air intake guide plate 58, fan-shaped side plate 59 is fixing expanded configuration; Air outlet is installed air quantity controller 61 and the humidification control setup around center shaft 60 rotations by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; When particularly roof was horizontal curved surface, air intake guide plate 58, fan-shaped side plate 59 were fixing open curved-surface structure; Perhaps will go up cooling inlet scoop 57 and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body 1 or the both sides or a side of vehicle body 1.
Embodiment 14; Consult Figure 14; The preceding cooling inlet scoop 56 that is installed in vehicle body 1 front portion is ventilation inlet is big, air-out is young frustoconical sheets or rectangular cone, and air outlet is installed air quantity controller 61 and the humidification control setup around center shaft 60 rotations by temperature, humidity sensor instruction.
Cooling inlet scoop 56 before installing on the electronlmobil, on cool off in the protection domain that inlet scoop 57 promptly falls into patent of the present invention.
Embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; These embodiment have a lot of distortion; Those skilled in the art and insider know; The foregoing description is merely than representative type embodiment, and all do not deviate from change, choice that spirit of the present invention, principle and scope do, substitute, combination, simplify, modify the substitute mode that all should be equivalence, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. miniature electric automobile; It comprises vehicle body, vehicle frame, crashproof individual seat, Crashworthy plate, steering system, preceding wheel assembly, rear wheel assembly, wheel hub motor, and in addition, car load is arrangement brake system, adjustment control, E-Diff, LED several parts of throwing light on also; It is characterized in that
(A) the only crashproof individual seat of 1-3 vertically is installed in the vehicle body; Crashproof individual seat both sides are connected with the vehicle body both sides, and the bottom is connected with bottom of frame, and crashproof individual seat overlooks and is curvilinear figure, polygon; Or both sides are that line segment, back are curve, or both sides are that curve, back are line segment; Connect Crashworthy plate between 2 crashproof individual seats; The Crashworthy plate bottom is connected with bottom of frame, and Crashworthy plate just is being regarded as polygon, and Crashworthy plate top and sideline in front are line segment or curve; Before crashproof individual seat's anterior bonded assembly Crashworthy plate be connected with body forward structure; The Crashworthy plate of installing between the crashproof individual seat of vertical 2 seat coach is designed to the pattern at the straddle-type seat of motor bike, the one-sided car door that is provided with of vehicle body, or bilateral is provided with car door;
(B) vehicle frame on the spot is cross-linked by one of rectangle, square thin-walled tube or the two and forms; 2 not parallel or parallel bumper/spoiler, axle sleeve underbeam, main beam, front stall front cross rail, front stall after cross member, transverse axis cover beam, back seat front cross rail, back seat after cross member, secondary crossbeam, after cross members of on the spot being cross-linked successively of longeron;
Support sleeve is the part of preceding wheel assembly; 2 support sleeve bottom cylindricals are connected with the two ends of axle sleeve underbeam; The top cylindrical of 2 support sleeves is connected with the two ends that axle sleeve is put the beams in place; The top of 2 support sleeves connects 2 diagonal braces respectively simultaneously; The bottom of diagonal brace respectively on a preceding left side, the preceding right side, a back left side, back be right-hand to partly being connected with the bumper/spoiler partial sum main beam of longeron, aiding the strong before 2 leg-of-mutton axle sleeves connects bumper/spoiler, longeron, axle sleeve underbeam and support sleeve, aids the strong behind 2 leg-of-mutton axle sleeves to connect support sleeve, axle sleeve underbeam, longeron and main beam;
2 secondary longerons are cross-linked the two ends of main beam, front stall front cross rail, transverse axis cover beam, back seat front cross rail respectively; The front end that 2 main beams are aided the strong connects the two ends of main beam; The rear end is mitered 2 longerons respectively; The two ends of the front end connection horizontal axle sleeve beam that 2 horizontal covers are aided the strong, the rear end is mitered 2 longerons respectively, 4 transverse axis cover hanging feets be connected transverse axis cover beam the bottom, two ends, apply mechanically the bolt sliding block joint with the transverse axis of rear wheel assembly;
Connect 2 diagonal braces in the damping before and after the two ends of axle respectively; The diagonal brace bottom partly is connected with the longeron of back seat front cross rail, back seat after cross member respectively; Go up axle for 2 and aid the strong and be cross-linked, its 4 end points connect in the damping on top axle and diagonal brace respectively partly and the longeron and the diagonal brace part of bottom;
(C) body forward structure is provided with steering system, and the steering handwheel in the steering system is provided with the automatically controlled speed governing handle of manually operated, or is re-established as the pedal speed governing of automobile; Steering handwheel connects turntable shaft; Turntable shaft connect steering universal joint and and then connect L shaped pitman arm; The arm of force part of pitman arm is used the bolt sliding block joint with the middle part that turns to cross bar; Turn to the two ends of cross bar to connect compensator respectively, the other end of 2 compensators is used the bolt sliding block joint with the steering shaft of 2 preceding wheel assemblies respectively; Compensator is an elastic body; It is straight or crooked or spiral by 1 or many; The cross section is that flat spring is formed; It both guaranteed to turn to transmission accurately, can compensate 2 preceding wheel assemblies again since the road surface beat produce to turn to the positional error between cross bar and the steering shaft be error in length, also be the direction error of front-wheel steering; The center of pitman arm vertical pivot is that the center of fixed point, arm of force part bolt is point; The center of pivot shaft is that the center of fixed point, steering shaft other end keyhole is point; Required distance between these two fixed points and the moving point equates that according to the rule of parallelogram, when steering handwheel turned over an angle to the left or to the right, two front-wheels also can turn over identical angle to identical direction;
(D) the vehicle frame front portion is provided with 2 preceding wheel assemblies; Before the bottom of wheel assembly pivot shaft vertically connect steering shaft, laterally connect front wheel spindle; Front wheel spindle connects electrical motor and front wheel hub, motor mounting in front wheel hub, slick and sly running-fit in pivot shaft top and the support sleeve top; The packing ring bearing is housed on the omoplate of pivot shaft is connected the anti-avulsion lid with anterior shock absorption device, top; The interior circle of packing ring bearing cooperates with pivot shaft, the slick and sly running-fit of cylindrical and support sleeve bottom, and support sleeve is fixed on the vehicle frame, in support sleeve, slides up and down and swings around axle under the pivot shaft effect of shock absorption device forwardly;
(E) the vehicle frame rear portion is provided with 2 rear wheel assemblies; The transverse axis cover of half forked type support front of rear wheel assembly is used the bolt sliding block joint with vehicle frame transverse axis cover hanging feet, and half forked type supports posterior transversal and connects hind axle, and hind axle connects electrical motor and rear-wheel hub; Motor mounting is in rear-wheel hub; Half forked type supports the top, rear portion and connects the rear portion shock absorption device, spool is connected in the top of rear portion shock absorption device and the damping of vehicle frame, and transverse axis is enclosed within the effect of rear portion shock absorption device and swings around axle;
(F) power supply dispose several kinds of different combinations:
1. lithium cell is installed on miniature electric automobile is comprised ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery; Perhaps on miniature electric automobile, install the accessory feed ultracapacitor additional and comprise double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor, or Ni-MH battery, or storage battery, perhaps install accessory feed small power generation unit additional, perhaps install the accessory feed solar cell panel additional;
2. fuel cell is installed on miniature electric automobile is comprised direct alcohol fuel battery, air metal fuel battery, air metal fuel battery comprises zinc air metal fuel battery, aluminium air metal fuel battery again; The accessory feed lithium cell is installed on miniature electric automobile is comprised ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery, or ultracapacitor comprises double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor, or Ni-MH battery, or storage battery;
When fuel cell is installed on miniature electric automobile, for the preceding cooling inlet scoop with dedusting function of its configuration, on cool off inlet scoop, be its temperature adjustment humidification; The preceding cooling inlet scoop that is installed in body forward structure is frustoconical sheets or the rectangular cone that ventilation inlet is big, air-out is young, and air outlet is installed air quantity controller and the humidification control setup around the center shaft rotation by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; Equally; The upward cooling inlet scoop that is installed in the vehicle body top is the rectangular cone that ventilation inlet is big, air-out is young; Top is provided with the air intake guide plate, and the both sides of air intake guide plate are for opening around center shaft or the fan-shaped side plate of contraction, folding, and center shaft connects the top that air intake guide plate and fan-shaped side plate be installed in vehicle body and forms ventilation inlet; Temperature, humidity sensor instruction air intake guide plate rotate to regulate intake around center shaft, instruct the work of humidification control setup simultaneously; Perhaps air intake guide plate, fan-shaped side plate are fixing expanded configuration, and air outlet is installed air quantity controller and the humidification control setup around the center shaft rotation by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; Perhaps air intake guide plate, fan-shaped side plate for fixing open, be higher than roof or equal with it, form ventilation inlet jointly with the vertical roof of curved surface, air outlet is installed the air quantity controller and the humidification control setup that rotate around center shaft by temperature, humidity sensor instruction; When roof was horizontal curved surface, air intake guide plate, fan-shaped side plate were fixing open curved-surface structure; Perhaps will go up the cooling inlet scoop and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body or the both sides or a side of vehicle body;
When the air metal fuel battery on miniature electric automobile in the installation fuel cell comprises zinc, aluminium air metal fuel battery; For the preceding cooling inlet scoop that is installed in body forward structure, top of its configuration with dedusting function, on cool off inlet scoop; Air is pressed into battery body and metal reaction, produces electric energy, simultaneously air metal fuel battery is carried out adjustment and make its normal operation; Perhaps will go up the cooling inlet scoop and be installed in the front portion of vehicle body or the both sides or a side of vehicle body;
3. ultracapacitor is installed on miniature electric automobile is comprised double layer capacitor, electrochemical capacitor; The accessory feed lithium cell comprises ferrous phosphate lithium battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium iron battery, or Ni-MH battery, or storage battery, or the small power generation unit, or solar cell panel is installed on the vehicle body;
4. Ni-MH battery is installed on miniature electric automobile; Accessory feed is a lithium cell, or ultracapacitor, or storage battery, or the small power generation unit, or solar cell panel; Cooling inlet scoop before on vehicle body, being equipped with simultaneously, on one of cooling inlet scoop or the two or installation blower fan be that Ni-MH battery is aeration-cooling;
5. storage battery is installed on miniature electric automobile; Accessory feed is a lithium cell, or ultracapacitor, or Ni-MH battery, or the small power generation unit, or solar cell panel;
When ultracapacitor is installed, or Ni-MH battery is installed, or when the small power generation unit is installed, cooling inlet scoop on vehicle body, install before, on cool off one of inlet scoop or the two, or the installation blower fan is that it is aeration-cooling.
2. miniature electric automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that, 1 arrange seats only in this miniature electric automobile vehicle body is laterally installed 2 crashproof individual seats.
3. miniature electric automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that, between 2 crashproof individual seats of this miniature electric automobile with before crashproof individual seat's front portion, Crashworthy plate partly or entirely is not installed.
4. miniature electric automobile according to claim 1; It is characterized in that this miniature electric automobile is established electrical motor in the front wheel hub of wheel assembly before only, does not establish electrical motor in the rear-wheel hub of rear wheel assembly; Or only establish electrical motor in the rear-wheel hub of rear wheel assembly, do not establish electrical motor in the front wheel hub of preceding wheel assembly.
5. miniature electric automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this miniature electric automobile is for installing the electronlmobil of three-wheel, four-wheel.
6. miniature electric automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this miniature electric automobile is for installing the electronic roadster of three-wheel or four-wheel.
7. miniature electric automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this miniature electric automobile is that the only crashproof individual seat of 1-2 vertically is installed in the operator's compartment, is provided with the three-wheel or the four-wheel electric automobile of compartment or wagon box behind the car.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101942100A CN102059959B (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2010-05-25 | New-energy or hybrid-power micro electric automobile |
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| CN201010154817 | 2010-04-01 | ||
| CN201010154817.6 | 2010-04-01 | ||
| CN2010101942100A CN102059959B (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2010-05-25 | New-energy or hybrid-power micro electric automobile |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102011085383A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Axle carrier of a vehicle made of fiber-reinforced plastic material |
| CN103183054B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-05-04 | 东莞三新电动汽车技术有限公司 | Lightweight bus body frame |
| CN102765316A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 北京科实医学图像技术研究所 | Electric station wagon |
| CN104723854A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-06-24 | 上海瑞华(集团)有限公司 | Chassis device of mini-sized electric car |
| CN106864586A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-06-20 | 苏州易摩物联科技有限公司 | Agv steering mechanism |
| JP6844400B2 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2021-03-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell vehicle |
| CN107696849A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-16 | 温州泓呈祥科技有限公司 | A kind of steel cable based on electric energy and air energy drives automobile |
| CN108945105A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-07 | 爱普车辆（中国）有限公司 | A kind of double electric vehicle aluminum chassis structure |
| SE543973C2 (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-10-12 | Scania Cv Ab | A battery box arrangement |
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| CN2598796Y (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-01-14 | 江苏大学 | Passenger and goods double-service miniature electric car |
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| JPH06156314A (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-06-03 | Toray Ind Inc | Two passenger automobile |
| DE4305054A1 (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-08-25 | Steyr Daimler Puch Ag | Drive device for an electric car |
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| CN2598796Y (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-01-14 | 江苏大学 | Passenger and goods double-service miniature electric car |
| CN2875867Y (en) * | 2005-09-18 | 2007-03-07 | 张瑞麟 | Minitype electric automobile |
| CN201201524Y (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2009-03-04 | 张瑞麟 | Miniature electric automobile |
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