CN102059336A - 铸造材料的方法、实现该方法的铸型及其制造的物体 - Google Patents

铸造材料的方法、实现该方法的铸型及其制造的物体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102059336A
CN102059336A CN2010102213396A CN201010221339A CN102059336A CN 102059336 A CN102059336 A CN 102059336A CN 2010102213396 A CN2010102213396 A CN 2010102213396A CN 201010221339 A CN201010221339 A CN 201010221339A CN 102059336 A CN102059336 A CN 102059336A
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casting
core
moulding
casting mold
inorganic binder
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Inventor
M·门格
H·奥佩尔特
U·朗格
M·洛加纳森
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KSM Castings Group GmbH
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KSM Castings GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D35/00Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
    • B22D35/04Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B22C1/185Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents containing phosphates, phosphoric acids or its derivatives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B22C1/186Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents contaming ammonium or metal silicates, silica sols
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/006Casting by filling the mould through rotation of the mould together with a molten metal holding recipient, about a common axis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及铸造材料的方法,通过依靠加热将材料转化为自由流动态并将所述材料引入铸型,其特征在于,将材料引入铸型至少部分地借助于倾斜浇法原理来实现,其中,芯由塑芯材料成型,并且无机粘结剂被预先插入铸型,从而减少甚至免除铸件(特别是复杂铸件的铸造)的高成本的后续或最终处理,并且使得循环、材料、能量和转换效率也应当得到改进。本发明还涉及用于实现该方法的铸模和根据该方法和/或在该铸模中制造的物体。

Description

铸造材料的方法、实现该方法的铸型及其制造的物体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铸造材料的方法,该材料最初从其固态转化成自由流动态,随后注入铸模中,该材料在该铸模中凝固。本发明还涉及用于实现该方法的铸模和根据该方法和/或在该铸模中制造的物体。最后,本发明还涉及一种插入该铸模中的芯。 
背景技术
在重力铸造方法中,目前正在使用的铸造方法主要有:底注铸造、侧浇铸法、顶铸法和倾斜浇法。对这些铸造方法的详细描述参见DE 102006058145A1。 
众所周知,在使用空腔或特别复杂的几何结构制造铸件时需要所谓的型芯或芯或芯组件。 
此外,众所周知,该型芯经常会导致铸件中的缺陷,特别是损害铸件的铸造表面。为了修复铸造表面中的这种缺陷,需要花费很多的时间。这种后续或最终的处理是复杂的,因而成本高,特别是对于需要满足非常严格的质量要求的复杂铸造而言。 
发明内容
基于现有技术的这种状态,本发明的目的是避免上述铸造方法的缺陷并开发出能够减少甚至免除铸件(特别是复杂铸件的铸造)的高成本的后续或最终处理的方法。本发明的另一目的是得到一种确保制造的铸件的高而稳定的质量的方法。循环、材料、能量和转换效率也应当得到改进。本发明的另一目的是得到一种特别是对环境无害的一般方法。 
根据本发明,通过依靠加热将一种材料转化为自由流动态并将该 材料引入铸型来对该材料进行铸造的方法特征在于,将该材料引入铸型借助于倾斜浇法或倾斜浇法原理以及芯铸模材料成型的芯而至少部分地实现,而无机粘结剂被预先插入该铸型。 
具体实施方式
尽管本领域技术人员会担心无机的芯会在倾斜浇法期间损坏或破裂,但是我们惊人地确定,本发明能够制造高度集成且复杂的铸件,其特征在于改进的表面。因此,该表面优选地不包含或仅包含由插入芯引起的单独的缺陷,诸如气孔、缩孔或裂缝。本文中,以斜铸法和被预先插入的无机芯的结合的形式进行本发明的铸造处理被证明是特别优选的。本发明能够制造高质量的复杂铸件,其中,同时实现高成本的后续或最终的处理或加工。而后者通常成为制造铸件的主要瓶颈。因此,可以减少清洁(cleaning)和控制成本。 
另一优选方面是本发明方法的环境兼容性。因为通过使用无机芯儿在铸造过程中仅释放了(如果有的话)少量的有机化合物或分解产物,故避免或减少了制造铸件期间的气体释放。 
沙或硅砂(silica sand)优选地用作塑芯材料。以各种处理滤渣的形式存在的该材料特别地适用于在铸造过程之后循环利用。 
还被证明,特别优选地,不需在芯上进行芯加工(core dressing),以生成铸件的完全无裂缝且光滑的表面。这消除了另一高成本的生产步骤。我们确定,倾斜浇法和不进行加工的无机芯的结合产生完全无裂缝的表面,即,没有或仅有一些缩孔、微孔或裂缝缺陷。因此,能够铸造高质量的复杂铸件,根据背景技术的状态,其后续或最终的处理是非常艰难的,其中现在,根据本发明,该后续或最终处理是大可以扩展的。优选地,可以消除不利的对被制造的铸件的加工的附着。尽管缺少加工,但其不可能检测到任何塑芯材料或附着至本发明的倾斜浇法和没有加工的无机芯的结合中的铸件的沙。清洁和控制成本可以以此方式来减少。 
使用的无机粘结剂优选地由基于硅酸盐、硼酸盐和/或磷酸盐的粘结剂组成。这使得进一步促进了可能的铸造缺陷的减少。根据本发明, 裂缝和缩孔的发生频率大大降低。 
本发明还涉及对用于制造复杂的铸件(优选地,泵的壳体,特别是高压泵壳体、或涡轮增压器壳体)的本发明的方法的利用。 
本发明还涉及一种可倾斜的铸模或可倾斜的永久铸型,特别地用于实现本发明的方法,其中,塑芯材料的成型的芯优选地是沙,无机粘结剂插入该铸模。这明显地减少了清洁铸模的工作,特别是对芯定位点处。工具得到保养,从而具有更长的使用寿命。 
本发明还涉及一种根据本发明的方法和/或依靠本发明的铸型制造的铸件,其中,这些铸造产品是由轻金属合金制造的,特别是诸如铝合金,铝合金优选地是根据重力方法制造的。 
最后,本发明还涉及一种用于被插入在铸型中的芯,根据倾斜浇法原理,该铸型可以至少部分地倾斜,其中,该芯由芯成型材料成型,优选地由含无机粘结剂的沙成型,优选地基于硅酸盐、硼酸盐和/或磷酸盐成型。 

Claims (9)

1.一种铸造材料的方法,通过依靠加热将所述材料转化为自由流动态并将所述材料引入铸型,其特征在于,将所述材料引入所述铸型至少部分地借助于倾斜浇法原理来实现,其中,芯由塑芯材料成型,并且无机粘结剂被预先插入所述铸型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,沙用作塑芯材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述芯上不进行芯加工。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用基于硅酸盐、硼酸盐和/或磷酸盐的无机粘结剂。
5.根据权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的方法的应用,用于制造泵的壳体,特别是高压泵壳体或涡轮增压器壳体。
6.一种可倾斜的铸型或可倾斜的永久铸型,特别地用于实现根据权利要求1至5中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,芯由塑芯材料成型,优选地由沙成型,并且无机粘结剂插入所述铸模中。
7.一种铸造产品,其特征在于,所述铸造产品是根据权利要求1至4中描述的至少一种方法和/或在根据权利要求6的可倾斜的铸型中制造的。
8.一种铸造产品,其特征在于,所述铸造产品是由轻金属合金制造的,特别是诸如铝合金,所述铝合金优选地是依靠根据前述权利要求中的至少一项的重力方法制造的。
9.一种芯,用于被插入在铸型中,根据倾斜浇法原理,所述铸型可以至少部分地倾斜,其中,所述芯由塑芯材料成型,优选地由具有无机粘结剂的沙成型,优选地基于硅酸盐、硼酸盐和/或磷酸盐成型。
CN2010102213396A 2009-07-01 2010-07-01 铸造材料的方法、实现该方法的铸型及其制造的物体 Pending CN102059336A (zh)

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US20110003164A1 (en) 2011-01-06
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