CN102057140A - 用于内燃机废气再处理的方法 - Google Patents

用于内燃机废气再处理的方法 Download PDF

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CN102057140A
CN102057140A CN2009801218735A CN200980121873A CN102057140A CN 102057140 A CN102057140 A CN 102057140A CN 2009801218735 A CN2009801218735 A CN 2009801218735A CN 200980121873 A CN200980121873 A CN 200980121873A CN 102057140 A CN102057140 A CN 102057140A
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R·黑博尔
M·弗里茨
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Abstract

提出一种用于内燃机,尤其是机动车的内燃机的废气再处理的方法,在该方法中,用于再处理的液体辅助剂25存储在一个储存容器1,31中,需要时借助提取装置3,5,7,8被由该储存容器取出及输给内燃机的导出废气的区域10,其中,在所述储存容器1被注入所述辅助剂25的时刻之前或当使用可更换的筒31作为储存容器的情况下在所述储存容器31与所述提取装置3,5,7,8连接的时刻之前,该辅助剂25已被掺入降低冰点的物质26,其中,该降低冰点的物质26对所述提取装置3,5,7,8不具有比所述辅助剂25对所述提取装置3,5,7,8的腐蚀作用更强的腐蚀作用。

Description

用于内燃机废气再处理的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据独立权利要求的类型的用于内燃机废气再处理的方法。
背景技术
在设有内燃机的机动车上必需基于近年来所制定的更严格的废气排放立法主要降低有害物质氧化氮。在此方面已投入使用的方法是选择性催化还原的方法,在该方法中例如借助液态还原剂使有害物质氧化氮还原成氮及水。该还原剂在一个管路中从储存容器输送到一个配量组件。在载重汽车上使用一种尿素在水中的具有重量比为32.5%的尿素含量的共析水溶液(AdBlueTM),其具有-11℃的冰点及作为氨原始物质的0.2kg/kg的氨生成势。因为即使在低温时也必需消除有害物质,故在相应的环境温度时该还原剂必需被溶化,为此需要一个容器加热器及相应的加热或溶化方案。
还公知了:通过在尿素的水溶液中添加甲酸铵可明显地降低冰点。一个在水中含26.2%的甲酸铵及20.1%尿素的溶液例如具有摄氏-30度的冰点及以Denoxium30的名称可从市场得到(对此见通过在互联网上参阅http://www.dieselnet.com/tech/cat scr.html可调用的信息)。在那里也描述了氨,氨水及作为还原剂的尿素溶液。
由EP 1561016公知了:当液体温度低于一个临界值时,一种用于废气再处理的辅助剂暂时地进行向降低液体冰点的物质的部分化学转换。在此情况下通过容器中液体的加热可实现10至30开氏度(Kelven)的冰点下降,其方式是通过热量输入使AdBlue的组分部分地转换成溶解于AdBlue的水成分中的氨,以致在容器中得到尿素水溶液与溶解于水中的游离氨的混合物,它具有比新的未经受热处理的尿素水溶液低的冰点。
发明内容
相比之下根据本发明的包括独立权利要求的区别特征的方法具有增高抗冰冻能力的优点,且不必以所使用的基本上易于腐蚀的机械结构的机械耐久性或高性能方面的不良后果为代价,当使用甲酸铵作为降低冰点的物质则为此情况,甲酸铵与空气混合及在温度增高时形成有腐蚀性的甲酸,该甲酸尤其会导致接近废气的部件如配量阀的严重损伤。可作为另一优点来看的是,有时可以取消用于溶化还原剂的加热,因为可以不再出现还原剂结冰的工作状态。所设置的车上诊断仪在这方面也可简化及由此可成本上有利地实施。此外有利的是,可以预料储存容器不会由于容器中低温时所出现的冰压力而损坏。此外这可导致容器几何形状可能的多样性,以适配机动车制造中的相应位置关系或构型技术的要求,因为容器不再必需受这样限制地构成,即应保证包含在容器中的液体有方向性地及由此对容器壁尽可能负荷小地结冰。此外在给定容器几何尺寸的情况下基本上可利用的容器体积大于无降低冰点措施的容器体积,因为不必要再设置空留体积用于结冰情况下的膨胀-迄今视容器形状而定设置了达百分之40的主要用于AdBlue膨胀的空留空间。现在通过根据本发明的方案可达到约百分之10的空留空间。由此也提高了还原剂储存容器注料的有效范围。
通过从属权利要求中所述的措施可得到在独立权利要求中给出的方法的有利的进一步构型及改进。特别有利的是,作为还原剂使用尿素的水溶液并且不用添加化学特性十分不同的物质来使其这样地改型,使得获得了降低冰点的效果。由此我们用简单的方式实现了抗冰冻性而不会增加腐蚀趋势,因为在废气再处理时的化学环境基本上与使用纯AdBlue的情况相同。
此外有利的是,使用游离氨作为降低冰点的物质。溶解在水中的氨不仅起到降低冰点的作用,而且也是例如在一个改型的尿素水溶液中的另一促使还原的成分,这就是说在废气管中可得到的每升尿素溶液中的氨生成量相对AdBlue有所提高,这又将导致容器或还原剂筒注料的有效范围的增高。变换地可使储存容器或可更换的筒的尺寸变小。
通过从属权利要求及以下说明中所述的特征可得到另外的优点。
附图说明
在附图中表示出本发明的实施例及在以下的说明中对其详细地描述。
附图表示:
图1:使用一个降低冰点的还原剂的废气处理;及
图2:使用注有降低冰点的还原剂的可更换的还原剂筒的一个变换的方案。
具体实施方式
图1表示用于选择地催化还原氧化氮的还原剂的一个储存容器或箱1,该储存容器与一个机动车的内燃机的废气再处理装置的所属部件固定连接。在容器中作为包含液体还原剂25的尿素水溶液用溶解在尿素溶液水成分中的游离氨作为降低冰点的物质26。该由尿素水溶液与溶解在水中的游离氨组成的混合物本身在其通过可封闭的容器孔口21注入容器前就已形成。一个设置在容器上部区域中的通风孔23在通过下述部件提取还原剂时可保证与外部环境的压力平衡。容器1通过还原剂管路7与一个包含泵或配量泵的输送组件3连接;在其输出侧还原剂从输送组件通过另一还原剂管路8再导入一个配量组件5。当输送组件3在容器的区域中,例如设置在容器盖上或容器的上部区域上或在容器内部时时,基本上也可取消还原剂管路7。配量组件5可包含一个电控制的配量阀或也可被作成仅压力控制的喷嘴。配量组件5的配量孔6通入废气管路10中,需要时还原剂可被喷射到该废气管路中。当由内燃机排出的废气13被掺入还原剂后废气管路10将该废气导入一个用于选择地催化还原的催化器11中。在催化器11的后面被净化的废气15通过未示出的其它废气处理部件、如一个减声器到达自由大气空间。
在注入容器中时已包含在还原剂25中的溶解于水的游离氨26与市场上流行的“Adblue”相比可降低冰点。为此例如可由还原剂制造商设置一个添加游离氨或添加已溶解于水中的游离氨作为添加剂及接着与尿素溶液均匀混合的形式的附加制造步骤。视添加剂的量或浓度而定,该冰点可个别地调节。该制造好的混合物将提供给加油站、汽车司机或车间作进一步应用及注入容器1中。
也可对将添加剂与“Adblue”混合变换地考虑:使用一种与“AdBlue”相比更浓缩的尿素溶液(即包含相对多的尿素的溶液)作为基础来与氨水混合,例如与具有20%的溶解氨的氨水混合。当在尿素水溶液中含有12%的游离氨时冰点将由摄氏-11度下降到摄氏-28度。
可替换地制造进一步开发的降低冰点的尿素水溶液,其方式是在移送到加油站或车间前将尿素水溶液、如在其组分上规格化了的AdBlue加热到摄氏60度以上的温度,但低于摄氏100度,以便激发水溶液的尿素组分部分化学地转换成溶解于水组分中的氨。在此情况下尤其有利的是,当注入到安装在机动车中的容器内之前在一定程度上进行该热激发,该热激发提升了在AdBlue通常结构的范围上尿素向氨的常规分解。在“旧的”AdBlue中例如出现在体积上至多5%组分的溶解于水组分中的氨。为了掺入具有降低冰点的物质的辅助剂或还原剂,在该变换的方案中将优选这样长地进行热激发,直至出现7至20体积百分比的氨组分,例如为7至15体积百分比的氨组分,尤其为12体积百分比的氨组分。在另一变型中也这样地进行降低冰点的物质的掺入,即通过适当的加热被强烈老化的AdBlue确定了一种还原剂,即将它添加到“新鲜的”市场上流行的AdBlue中,直到与市场上流行的AdBlue相比被调节到所需的降低了的冰点。接着将制成的混合物注入到容器或筒中。
图2表示一个废气再处理装置的细节,其中取代根据图1的一个固定安装的容器1,输送组件3通过还原剂管路7与一个可更换的注有降低冰点的还原剂25的箱31连接。为此设有一个接头33,当需要补给时借助该接头机动车司机可将迄今连接的筒用一个注满的新筒来更换。在该例中通过购买得到的筒注有已降低冰点的还原剂。

Claims (17)

1.用于内燃机,尤其是机动车的内燃机的废气再处理的方法,在该方法中,用于再处理的液体辅助剂(25)存储在一个储存容器(1,31)中,需要时借助提取装置(3,5,7,8)由该储存容器被取出及输给内燃机的导出废气的区域(10),其特征在于:在所述储存容器(1)被注入所述辅助剂(25)的时刻之前或在使用可更换的筒(31)作为储存容器的情况下在所述储存容器(31)与所述提取装置(3,5,7,8)连接的时刻之前,该辅助剂(25)已被掺入降低冰点的物质(26),其中,该降低冰点的物质(26)对所述提取装置(3,5,7,8)不具有比所述辅助剂(25)对所述提取装置(3,5,7,8)的腐蚀作用更强的腐蚀作用。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:所述辅助剂(25)包含用于还原氧化氮的还原剂或该还原剂的原始物质。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于:所述辅助剂(25)包含作为所述还原剂的原始物质的尿素。
4.根据以上权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述辅助剂(25)是一种水溶液。
5.根据以上权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述降低冰点的物质(26)包含氨。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其特征在于:所述降低冰点的物质(26)由氨组成。
7.根据权利要求4、5及6的方法,其特征在于:所述氨被溶解在水溶液中。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于:该水溶液构成作为在所述辅助剂中的降低冰点的物质的游离氨的7至20体积百分比的、优选7至15体积百分比的、尤其12体积百分比的溶液。
9.根据权利要求3,4及5的方法,其特征在于:这样地选择水、尿素及氨的重量比,使得冰点相对于市场流行的用于机动车的尿素水溶液(AdBlue)的冰点降低至少10开氏度。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于:所述冰点降低10至30开氏度。
11.根据以上权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:在所述储存容器(1)被注入辅助剂之前或在所述储存容器(31)与所述提取装置连接的时刻之前使所述辅助剂(25)与所述降低冰点的物质(26)相混合。
12.根据权利要求3,4,5及11的方法,其特征在于:通过添加溶解于水中的氨形式的、例如氨水形式的降低冰点的物质(26)来进行该混合。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于:作为辅助剂(25)使用一种市场流行的用于机动车的尿素水溶液(AdBlue)或一种相对这种市场流行的溶液具有更小水组分的尿素水溶液。
14.根据以上权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:在所述储存容器(1)被注入所述辅助剂(25)之前或在所述储存容器(31)与所述提取装置连接的时刻之前将所述辅助剂(25)加热,以使得所述辅助剂(25)的一部分转换成降低冰点的物质(26)。
15.根据以上权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述导出废气的区域(10)包括一个用于选择地催化还原氧化氮的催化器(11)。
16.根据以上权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:所述提取装置(3,5,7,8)包括至少一个还原剂管路(8)及一个配量组件(5)。
17.用于制造在根据以上权利要求中任一项的内燃机废气再处理的方法中使用的降低了冰点(26)的液体辅助剂(25)的方法,其特征在于:在所述储存容器(1)被注入所述辅助剂(25)的时刻之前或在使用可更换的筒(31)作为储存容器的情况下在所述储存容器(31)与所述提取装置(3,5,7,8)连接的时刻之前,该辅助剂(25)已被掺入降低冰点的物质(26),其中,所述降低冰点的物质(26)对所述提取装置(3,5,7,8)不具有比所述辅助剂(25)对所述提取装置(3,5,7,8)的腐蚀作用更强的腐蚀作用。
CN2009801218735A 2008-06-11 2009-04-22 用于内燃机废气再处理的方法 Pending CN102057140A (zh)

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