CN102036985A - 用于治疗疼痛的作为离子通道调节剂的4(-3-(-2-(苯基)吗啉代)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-n-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺衍生物和相关化合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗疼痛的作为离子通道调节剂的4(-3-(-2-(苯基)吗啉代)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-n-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺衍生物和相关化合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及可用作离子通道抑制剂的式I的杂环衍生物。本发明还提供了包含本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的组合物以及在治疗多种障碍(例如疼痛)中使用这些组合物、式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法,其中,每次出现时独立地:Z环表示任选被0-2个R取代的噻唑或噻二唑;V是CH2、NH、O或S;并且R、R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、芳基、C3-C8脂环族基、卤基、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、NH2、NH(C1-C6脂族基)、N(C1-C6脂族基)2、COOH、COO(C1-C6脂族基)、O(C1-C6脂族基)、CHF2或CH2F。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35U.S.C.§119,本申请要求享有2007年11月13日提交的序列号为60/987,485的美国临时专利申请以及2008年8月12日提交的序列号为61/088,141的美国临时专利申请的权益,通过引用将这两篇申请的内容并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及可用作离子通道抑制剂的化合物。本发明还提供了包含本发明所述化合物的药学上可接受的组合物以及使用所述组合物治疗多种障碍的方法。
背景技术
Na通道在所有可兴奋的细胞诸如神经元和肌细胞中的动作电位的产生中发挥重要作用。它们在包括脑、胃肠道平滑肌、骨骼肌、外周神经系统、脊髓和气道在内的兴奋性组织中发挥关键作用。因而,它们在诸如以下的许多疾病状态中发挥关键作用:癫痫症(参见,Moulard,B.和D.Bertrand(2002)“Epilepsy and sodium channel blockers”Expert Opin.Ther.Patents 12(1):85-91)),疼痛(参见,Waxman,S.G.,S.Dib-Hajj等人(1999)“Sodium channels and pain”Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(14):7635-9和Waxman,S.G.,T.R.Cummins等人(2000)“Voltage-gated sodium channels and the molecular pathogenesis ofpain:a review”J Rehabil Res Dev 37(5):517-28),肌强直(参见,Meola,G.和V.Sansone(2000)“Therapy in myotonic disorders and inmuscle channelopathies”Neurol Sci 21(5):S953-61以及Mankodi,A.和C.A.Thornton(2002)“Myotonic syndromes”Curr Opin Neurol 15(5):545-52),共济失调(参见,Meisler,M.H.,J.A.Kearney等人(2002)“Mutations of voltage-gated sodium channels in movement disorders andepilepsy”Novartis Found Symp 241:72-81),多发性硬化(参见,Black,J.A.,S.Dib-Hajj等人(2000)“Sensory neuron-specific sodiumchannel SNS is abnormally expressed in the brains of mice withexperimental allergic encephalomyelitis and humans with multiplesclerosis”Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(21):11598-602,以及Renganathan,M.,M.Gelderblom等人(2003)“Expression of Na(v)1.8sodium channels perturbs the firing patterns of cerebellar purkinje cells”Brain Res 959(2):235-42),肠激惹(参见,Su,X.,R.E.Wachtel等人(1999)“Capsaicin sensitivity and voltage-gated sodium currents in colonsensory neurons from rat dorsal root ganglia”Am J Physiol 277(6Pt1):G1180-8,以及Laird,J.M.,V.Souslova等人(2002)“Deficits invisceral pain and referred hyperalgesia in Nav1.8(SNS/PN3)-null mice”J Neurosci 22(19):8352-6),尿失禁和内脏痛(参见,Yoshimura,N.,S.Seki等人(2001)“The involvement of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodiumchannel Na(v)1.8(PN3/SNS)in a rat model of visceral pain”J Neurosci21(21):8690-6),以及一系列精神病学机能障碍诸如焦虑症和抑郁症(参见,Hurley,S.C.(2002)“Lamotrigine update and its use in mooddisorders”Ann Pharmacother 36(5):860-73)。
电压门控Na通道包括由9种不同亚型(NaV1.1-NaV1.9)组成的基因家族。如表1所示,这些亚型显示了组织特异性定位和功能差异(参见,Goldin,A.L.(2001)“Resurgence of sodium channel research”Annu Rev Physiol 63:871-94)。该基因家族中的三个成员(NaV1.8,1.9,1.5)耐受由公知的Na通道阻断剂TTX引起的阻断,证实了在该基因家族内的亚型特异性。突变分析已经鉴定谷氨酸387作为TTX结合的关键残基(参见,Noda,M.,H.Suzuki等人(1989)“A single point mutation conferstetrodotoxin and saxitoxin insensitivity on the sodium channel II”FEBS Lett 259(1):213-6)。
表1(缩写:CNS=中枢神经系统,PNS=外周神经系统,DRG=背根神经节,TG=三叉神经节):
Na同工型 | 组织 | TTX IC50 | 适应症 |
NaV1.1 | CNS,PNS神经元的胞体 | 10nM | 疼痛,癫痫症,神经变性 |
NaV1.2 | CNS,在轴突中含量高 | 10nM | 神经变性,癫痫症 |
NaV1.3 | CNS,胚胎,受损神经 | 15nM | 疼痛 |
NaV1.4 | 骨骼肌 | 25nM | 肌强直 |
NaV1.5 | 心脏 | 2μM | 心律失常,长QT |
NaV1.6 | CNS分布广,最丰富 | 6nM | 疼痛,运动障碍 |
NaV1.7 | PNS,DRG,末端神经内分泌 | 25nM | 疼痛,神经内分泌障碍 |
NaV1.8 | PNS,在DRG & TG中的小神经元 | >50μM | 疼痛 |
NaV1.9 | PNS,在DRG & TG中的小神经元 | 1μM | 疼痛 |
通常,电压门控钠通道(NaVs)负责启动神经系统中兴奋性组织中的动作电位的快速上升,这传递编写和编码正常和异常痛觉的电信号。NaV通道的拮抗剂可以削弱这些疼痛信号并可用于治疗许多疼痛病况,包括但不限于急性疼痛、慢性疼痛、炎性疼痛和神经性疼痛。已知的NaV拮抗剂,诸如TTX,利多卡因(参见,Mao,J.and L.L.Chen(2000)“Systemic lidocaine for neuropathic pain relief”Pain 87(1):7-17.),布比卡因,苯妥英(参见,Jensen,T.S.(2002)“Anticonvulsants in neuropathicpain:rationale and clinical evidence”Eur J Pain 6(Suppl A):61-8),拉莫三嗪(参见,Rozen,T.D.(2001)“Antiepileptic drugs in themanagement of cluster headache and trigeminal neuralgia”Headache 41Suppl 1:S25-32和Jensen,T.S.(2002)“Anticonvulsants in neuropathicpain:rationale and clinical evidence”Eur J Pain 6(Suppl A):61-8.),和卡马西平(参见,Backonja,M.M.(2002)“Use of anticonvulsants fortreatment of neuropathic pain”Neurology 59(5 Suppl 2):S14-7)已被证明可用于缓解人和动物模型中的疼痛。
在组织损伤或炎症存在下形成的痛觉过敏(对稍微的疼痛极度敏感)至少部分地反映了支配损伤部位的高阈值初级传入神经元的兴奋性增加。电压敏感型钠通道激活对于神经元动作电位的产生和传递是关键的。有越来越多的证据显示NaV电流的调控是用于控制神经元兴奋性的内源性机制(参见,Goldin,A.L.(2001)“Resurgence of sodium channelresearch”Annu Rev Physiol 63:871-94)。在背根神经节(DRG)神经元中发现了几种在动力学和药理学方面不同的电压门控钠通道。耐TTX的电流对微摩尔级浓度的河豚毒素不敏感,并显示缓慢激活和失活动力学以及与其它电压门控钠通道相比时的更大去极化的激活阈值。耐TTX的钠电流主要局限于可能参与伤害感受的感觉神经元亚群。具体而言,耐TTX的钠电流几乎唯一地在具有小细胞体直径的神经元中表达;并产生小直径慢传导轴突并且其对辣椒素起反应。大量的实验证据证实,耐TTX的钠通道在C-纤维上表达并且在向脊髓传递感受伤害信息中发挥重要作用。
靶向于耐TTX的钠通道(NaV1.8)的独特区域的反义寡脱氧核苷酸的鞘内给药导致由PGE2诱导的痛觉过敏明显减轻(参见,Khasar,S.G.,M.S.Gold等人(1998)“A tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currentmediates inflammatory pain in the rat”Neurosci Iett 256(1):17-20)。新近,由Wood和同事开发了敲除小鼠品系,其缺乏功能性NaV1.8。该突变在评价动物对致炎试剂角叉菜胶的应答的试验中具有止痛效果(参见,Akopian,A.N.,V.Souslova等人(1999)“The tetrodotoxin-resistantsodium channel SNS has a specialized function in pain pathways”Nat Neurosci 2(6):541-8.)。另外,在这些动物中观察到机械性刺激感受和热刺激感受都缺乏。由Nav1.8敲除突变小鼠显示的痛觉丧失与关于耐TTX的电流在伤害感受中的作用的观察是一致的。
免疫组织化学实验、原位杂交实验和体外电生理学实验全都显示,钠通道NaV1.8选择性定位于背根神经节和三叉神经节的小感觉神经元(参见,Akopian,A.N.,L.Sivilotti等人(1996)“A tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel expressed by sensory neurons”Nature 379(6562):257-62.)。这些神经元的首要作用是检测和传递伤害性刺激。反义和免疫组织化学证据也支持了NaV1.8在神经性疼痛中的作用(参见,Lai,J.,M.S.Gold等人(2002)“Inhibition of neuropathic painby decreased expression of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel,NaV1.8”Pain 95(1-2):143-52,和Lai,J.,J.C.Hunter等人(2000)“Blockade of neuropathic pain by antisense targeting oftetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in sensory neurons”Methods Enzymol 314:201-13.)。NaV1.8蛋白沿着与神经损伤相邻的未受损C-纤维上调。反义治疗防止NaV1.8沿着所述神经的再分布并逆转神经性疼痛。基因敲除和反义数据合起来支持了NaV1.8在检测和传递炎性疼痛和神经性疼痛中的作用。
在神经性疼痛状态中,存在Na通道分布和亚型的重建。在受损神经中,NaV1.8和NaV1.9的表达大大减少,而TTX敏感型亚单位NaV1.3的表达有5-10倍上调(参见,Dib-Hajj,S.D.,J.Fjell等人(1999)“Plasticityof sodium channel expression in DRG neurons in the chronic constrictioninjury model of neuropathic pain.”Pain 83(3):591-600.)。NaV1.3增加的时程与动物模型中在神经损伤后异常性疼痛的出现是平行的。NaV1.3通道的生物物理学的区别在于其在动作电位之后的失活之后飞快再引发(repriming)。这为在受损神经中经常出现的持续的高放电速率作准备(参见,Cummins,T.R.,F.Aglieco等人(2001)“Nav1.3 sodium channels:rapid repriming and slow closed-state inactivation display quantitativedifferences after expression in a mammalian cell line and in spinalsensory neurons”J Neurosci 21(16):5952-61.)。NaV1.3在人的中枢系统和周围系统中表达。NaV1.9与NaV1.8类似,因为其选择性定位于背根神经节和三叉神经节的小感觉神经元(参见,Fang,X.,L.Djouhri等人(2002)。“The presence and role of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodiumchannel Na(v)1.9(NaN)in nociceptive primary afferent neurons.”J Neurosci 22(17):7425-33.)。其还具有缓慢的失活速率和用于激活的左偏移电压依赖性(参见,Dib-Hajj,S.,J.A.Black等人(2002)“NaN/Nav1.9:a sodium channel with unique properties”Trends Neurosci 25(5):253-9.)。这两种生物物理学性质使得NaV1.9可在建立伤害感受神经元的静止膜电位中发挥作用。表达NaV1.9的细胞的静止膜电位为-55到-50mV范围,而大部分的其它周围和中枢神经元为-65mV。这一持续去极化在很大程度上是由于NaV1.9通道的持续的低水平激活所致。该去极化使得所述神经元能更容易地达到响应伤害性刺激进行动作电位放电的阈值。阻断NaV1.9通道的化合物可在建立检测疼痛刺激的设定点中发挥重要作用。在慢性疼痛状态中,神经和神经末梢可变得肿胀和超敏感,对轻度刺激甚或在没有刺激下表现出高频动作电位放电。这些病理性神经肿胀被称作神经瘤并且在它们中表达的主要的Na通道是NaV1.8和NaV1.7(参见,Kretschmer,T.,L.T.Happel等人(2002)“Accumulationof PN1 and PN3 sodium channels in painful human neuroma-evidencefrom immunocytochemistry”Acta Neurochir(Wien)144(8):803-10;discussion 810.)。NaV1.6和NaV1.7也在背根神经节神经元中表达并对这些细胞中所见的小TTX敏感组分有所贡献。因此NaV1.7除了其在神经内分泌兴奋性中的作用之外,还可能特别是潜在的疼痛靶标(参见,Klugbauer,N.,L.Lacinova等人(1995)“Structure and functionalexpression of a new member of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-activated sodium channel family from human neuroendocrine cells”Embo J14(6):1084-90)。
NaV1.1(参见,Sugawara,T.,E.Mazaki-Miyazaki等人(2001)“Nav1.1 mutations cause febrile seizures associated with afebrile partialseizures.”Neurology 57(4):703-5.)和NaV1.2(参见,Sugawara,T.,Y.Tsurubuchi等人(2001)“A missense mutation of the Na+ channelalpha II subunit gene Na(v)1.2in a patient with febrile and afebrileseizures causes channel dysfunction”Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(11):6384-9)已与包括热性癫痫在内的癫痫症病况有关联。在与热性癫痫有关的NaV1.1中存在超过9种的基因突变(参见,Meisler,M.H.,J.A.Kearney等人(2002)“Mutations of voltage-gated sodium channels inmovement disorders and epilepsy”Novartis Found Symp 241:72-81)。
已开发了NaV1.5的拮抗剂并用于治疗心律失常。NaV1.5中产生对电流的更大非失活组分的基因缺陷与人中的长QT关联并且已使用可口服的局部麻醉剂美西律(mexilitine)来治疗这一病况(参见,Wang,D.W.,K.Yazawa等人(1997)“Pharmacological targeting of long QT mutantsodium channels.”J Clin Invest 99(7):1714-20)。
目前,几种Na通道阻断剂在临床中被使用或正被测试,用于治疗以下病况:癫痫症(参见,Moulard,B.and D.Bertrand(2002)“Epilepsyand sodium channel blockers”Expert Opin.Ther.Patents 12(1):85-91.);急性疼痛(参见,Wiffen,P.,S.Collins等人(2000)“Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain”Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3),慢性疼痛(参见,Wiffen,P.,S.Collins等人(2000)“Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain”Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3,以及Guay,D.R.(2001)“Adjunctive agents in themanagement of chronic pain”Pharmacotherapy 21(9):1070-81),炎性疼痛(参见,Gold,M.S.(1999)“Tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ currents andinflammatory hyperalgesia.”Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(14):7645-9)和神经性疼痛(参见,Strichartz,G.R.,Z.Zhou等人(2002)“Therapeutic concentrations of local anaesthetics unveil the potentialrole of sodium channels in neuropathic pain”Novartis Found Symp241:189-201,以及Sandner-Kiesling,A.,G.Rumpold Seitlinger等人(2002)“Lamotrigine monotherapy for control of neuralgia after nervesection”Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46(10):1261-4);心律失常(参见,An,R.H.,R.Bangalore等人(1996)“Lidocaine block of LQT-3 mutanthuman Na+channels”Circ Res 79(1):103-8,以及Wang,D.W.,K.Yazawa等人(1997)“Pharmacological targeting of long QT mutantsodium channels”J Clin Invest 99(7):1714-20);神经保护(参见,Taylor,C.P.和L.S.Narasimhan(1997)“Sodium channels and therapyof central nervous system diseases”Adv Pharmacol 39:47-98),以及作为麻醉药(参见,Strichartz,G.R.,Z.Zhou等人(2002)“Therapeuticconcentrations of local anaesthetics unveil the potential role of sodiumchannels in neuropathic pain”Novartis Found Symp 241:189-201)。
已开发了多种具有临床意义的动物模型用于钠通道调节剂对多种不同的疼痛适应症的研究。例如,恶性慢性疼痛,参见,Kohase,H.。等人,Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2004;48(3):382-3;股骨癌症疼痛(参见,Kohase,H.。等人,Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2004;48(3):382-3);非恶性慢性骨疼痛(参见,Ciocon,J.O.等人,J Am Geriatr Soc.1994;42(6):593-6);类风湿性关节炎(参见,Calvino,B.等人,Behav Brain Res.1987;24(1):11-29);骨关节炎(参见,Guzman,R.E.等人,Toxicol Pathol.2003;31(6):619-24);椎管狭窄(参见,Takenobu,Y.等人,JNeurosci Methods.2001;104(2):191-8);神经性腰痛(参见,Hines,R.等人,Pain Med.2002;3(4):361-5;Massie,J.B.等人,J NeurosciMethods.2004;137(2):283-9;神经性腰痛(参见,Hines,R.等人,Pain Med.2002;3(4):361-5;Massie,J.B.等人,J Neurosci Methods.2004;137(2):283-9);肌筋膜疼痛综合征(参见,Dalpiaz & Dodds,JPain Palliat Care Pharmacother.2002;16(1):99-104;Sluka KA等人,Muscle Nerve.2001;24(1):37-46);纤维肌痛(参见,Bennet &Tai,Int J Clin Pharmacol Res.1995;15(3):115-9);颞下颌关节疼痛(参见,Ime H,Ren K,Brain Res Mol Brain Res.1999;67(1):87-97);慢性内脏痛,包括腹部疼痛(参见,Al-Chaer,E.D.等人,Gastroenterology.2000;119(5):1276-85);骨盆/会阴疼痛,(参见,Wesselmann等人,Neurosci Lett.1998;246(2):73-6);胰腺疼痛(参见,Vera-Portocarrero,L.B.等人,Anesthesiology.2003;98(2):474-84);IBS疼痛(参见,Verne,G.N.等人,Pain.2003;105(1-2):223-30;La JH等人,World Gastroenterol.2003;9(12):2791-5);慢性头痛(参见,Willimas & Stark,Cephalalgia.2003;23(10):963-71);偏头痛(参见,Yamamura,H.等人,J Neurophysiol.1999;81(2):479-93);紧张性头痛;包括丛集性头痛(参见,Costa,A.等人,Cephalalgia.2000;20(2):85-91);慢性神经性疼痛,包括疱疹后神经痛(参见,Attal,N.等人,Neurology.2004;62(2):218-25;Kim & Chung 1992,Pain50:355);糖尿病性神经病变(参见,Beidoun A等人,Clin J Pain.2004;20(3):174-8;Courteix,C.等人,Pain.1993;53(1):81-8);HIV相关神经病变(参见,Portegies & Rosenberg,Ned TijdschrGeneeskd.2001;145(15):731-5;Joseph EK等人,Pain.2004;107(1-2):147-58;Oh,S.B.等人,J Neurosci.2001;21(14):5027-35);三叉神经痛(参见,Sato,J.等人,Oral Surg Oral Med OralPathol Oral Radiol Endod.2004;97(1):18-22;Imamura Y等人,ExpBrain Res.1997;116(1):97-103);夏-马-图神经病变(参见,Sereda,M.等人,Neuron.1996;16(5):1049-60);先天性感觉神经病变(参见,Lee,M.J.等人,Hum Mol Genet.2003;12(15):1917-25);外周神经损伤(参见,Attal,N.等人,Neurology.2004;62(2):218-25;Kim &Chung 1992,Pain 50:355;Bennett & Xie,1988,Pain 33:87;Decostered,I. & Woolf,C.J.,2000,Pain 87:149;Shir,Y. &Seltzer,Z.1990;Neurosci Lett 115:62);疼痛性神经瘤(参见,Nahabedian & Johnson,Ann Plast Surg.2001;46(1):15-22;Devor &Raber,Behav Neural Biol.1983;37(2):276-83);异位近端和远端放电(参见,Liu,X.等人,Brain Res.2001;900(1):119-27);神经根病(参见,Devers & Galer,(参见,Clin J Pain.2000;16(3):205-8;Hayashi N等人,Spine.1998;23(8):877-85);由化疗诱导的神经性疼痛(参见,Aley,K.O.等人,Neuroscience.1996;73(1):259-65);由放疗诱导的神经性疼痛;乳房切除术后疼痛(参见,Devers & Galer,ClinJ Pain.2000;16(3):205-8);central pain(Cahana,A.等人,AnesthAnalg.2004;98(6):1581-4),脊髓损伤性疼痛(参见,Hains,B.C.等人,Exp Neurol.2000;164(2):426-37),中风后疼痛;丘脑痛(参见,LaBuda,C.J.等人,Neurosci Lett.2000;290(1):79-83);复杂性区域疼痛综合征(参见,Wallace,M.S.等人,Anesthesiology.2000;92(1):75-83;Xantos D等人,J Pain.2004;5(3Suppl 2):S1);幻痛(参见,Weber,W.E.,Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd.2001;145(17):813-7;Levitt& Heyback,Pain.1981;10(1):67-73);顽固性疼痛(参见,Yokoyama,M.等人,Can J Anaesth.2002;49(8):810-3);急性疼痛,急性术后疼痛(参见,Koppert,W.等人,Anesth Analg.2004;98(4):1050-5;Brennan,T.J.等人,Pain.1996;64(3):493-501);急性肌与骨骼疼痛;关节痛(参见,Gotoh,S.等人,Ann Rheum Dis.1993;52(11):817-22);机械性腰背痛(参见,Kehl,L.J.等人,Pain.2000;85(3):333-43);颈痛;肌腱炎;损伤性/运动性疼痛(参见,Sesay,M.等人,Can J Anaesth.2002;49(2):137-43);急性内脏痛,包括腹痛;肾盂肾炎;阑尾炎;胆囊炎;肠梗阻;疝气;等等(参见,Giambernardino,M.A.等人,Pain.1995;61(3):459-69);胸痛,包括,心脏痛(参见,Vergona,R.A.等人,Life Sci.1984;35(18):1877-84);骨盆痛,肾绞痛,急性产科痛,包括分娩痛(参见,Segal,S.等人,Anesth Analg.1998;87(4):864-9);剖腹产术疼痛;急性炎性、烧伤和创伤疼痛;急性间歇性疼痛,包括子宫内膜异位症(参见,Cason,A.M.等人,Horm Behav.2003;44(2):123-31);急性带状疱疹疼痛;镰状细胞贫血病;急性胰腺炎(参见,Toma,H;Gastroenterology.2000;119(5):1373-81);贯穿性疼痛;口面疼痛,包括窦炎性疼痛,牙痛(参见,Nusstein,J.等人,J Endod.1998;24(7):487-91;Chidiac,J.J.等人,Eur J Pain.2002;6(1):55-67);多发性硬化(MS)疼痛(参见,Sakurai& Kanazawa,J Neurol Sci.1999;162(2):162-8);抑郁症中的疼痛(参见,Greene B,Curr Med Res Opin.2003;19(4):272-7);麻疯病疼痛;贝切特病疼痛;痛性肥胖症(参见,Devillers & Oranje,Clin ExpDermatol.1999;24(3):240-1);静脉炎疼痛,吉-巴(Guillain-Barre)病疼痛;下肢疼痛和足趾运动症;Haglund综合征;红斑性肢痛(参见,Legroux-Crespel,E.等人,Ann Dermatol Venereol.2003;130(4):429-33);法布里(Fabry)病疼痛(参见,Germain,D.P.,J Soc Biol.2002;196(2):183-90);膀胱和泌尿生殖器疾病,包括尿失禁(参见,Berggren,T.等人,J Urol.1993;150(5Pt 1):1540-3);膀胱活动过度(参见,Chuang,Y.C.等人,Urology.2003;61(3):664-70);痛苦性膀胱综合征(参见,Yoshimura,N.等人,J Neurosci.2001;21(21):8690-6);间质性膀胱炎(IC)(参见,Giannakopoulos & Campilomatos,Arch Ital Urol Nefrol Androl.1992;64(4):337-9;Boucher,M.等人,J Urol.2000;164(1):203-8);以及前列腺炎(参见,Mayersak,J.S.,Int Surg.1998;83(4):347-9;Keith,I.M.等人,J Urol.2001;166(1):323-8)。
如上所述,令人遗憾的是,目前使用的钠通道阻断剂对于上述疾病状态的功效在很大程度上受到许多副作用的限制。这些副作用包括多种CNS紊乱,诸如视力模糊,眩晕,恶心和镇静,以及更潜在地危急生命的心律失常和心力衰竭。因此,仍然需要开发另外的Na通道拮抗剂,优选具有更高效力和更少副作用的Na通道拮抗剂。
发明内容
现已发现,本发明的化合物及其药学上可接受的组合物可用作电压门控钠通道的抑制剂。这些化合物具有如下通式I:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
这些化合物和药学上可接受的组合物可用于治疗许多疾病、障碍或病况或减轻其严重性,所述疾病、障碍或病况包括但不限于,急性、慢性、神经性或炎性疼痛,关节炎,偏头痛,丛集性头痛,三叉神经痛,疱疹性神经痛,全身(general)神经痛,癫痫症或癫痫状况,神经变性障碍,精神性障碍诸如焦虑症和抑郁症,肌强直,心律失常,运动障碍,神经内分泌障碍,共济失调,多发性硬化,肠易激综合征,失禁,内脏痛,骨关节炎痛,带状疱疹后神经痛,糖尿病性神经病变,神经根痛,坐骨神经痛,背痛,头或颈疼痛,严重或顽固性疼痛,伤害性疼痛,贯穿性疼痛,术后疼痛或癌症疼痛。
发明详述
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了式I的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
Z环是任选被0-2个R取代的噻唑或噻二唑;
V是CH2、NH、O或S;
R、R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、芳基、C3-C8脂环族基、卤基、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、NH2、NH(C1-C6脂族基)、N(C1-C6脂族基)2、COOH、COO(C1-C6脂族基)、O(C1-C6脂族基)、CHF2或CH2F。
为了本发明的目的,所述化学元素根据CAS版本的物化手册(Handbook of Chemistry and Physics)第75版的元素周期表来认定。另外,有机化学的总则描述于″Organic Chemistry″,Thomas Sorrell,University Science Books,Sausalito:1999和″March’s AdvancedOrganic Chemistry″,5th Ed.,Ed.:Smith,M.B.and March,J.,John Wiley & Sons,New York:2001中,将其各自的全部内容作为参考并入本申请。
本申请所述的本发明的化合物可任选被一个或多个取代基取代,诸如上面一般性描述的,或者如本发明的具体类、小类和具体物质所举例说明的。可理解措词“任选被取代”与措词“被取代或未被取代的”互换使用。通常,术语“被取代”不管其前面是否带有术语“任选”,是指在给出结构中的氢原子团被具体说明的取代基的原子团所置换。除非另有陈述,否则任选被取代的基团可在该基团的每个可被取代(即具有可用于所给出取代基的必需的化合价)的位置处具有取代基,并且当在任何所给出结构中的超过一个的位置被超过一个的选自明确说明的基团的取代基所取代时,所述取代基在每个位置可相同或不同。由本发明预见的取代基的组合优选是导致形成稳定的或化学上可行的化合物的那些。本申请使用的术语“稳定的”是指化合物,当经历其制造、检测和优选经历其回收、纯化的条件并用于本申请公开的一个或多个目的时,该化合物不发生实质改变。在一些实施方案中,稳定的化合物或化学上可行的化合物是指当保持在40℃或更低温度下时,在水分或其它化学反应性条件的缺乏下,历时至少一周时不发生实质改变的化合物。
本申请使用的术语“脂族”或“脂族基”是指直链(即非支链)或支链的、被取代或未被取代的烃链,其是完全饱和的或含有一个或多个不饱和单元。除非另作说明,否则脂族基包含1-20个脂族碳原子。在一些实施方案中,脂族基包含1-10个脂族碳原子。在其它实施方案中,脂族基包含1-8个脂族碳原子。在另外其它的实施方案中,脂族基包含1-6个脂族碳原子,在另外其它的实施方案中,脂族基包含1-4个脂族碳原子。适当的脂族基包括但不限于直链或支链的、被取代或未被取代的烷基、烯基、炔基。术语“脂环族基”是指单环烃、二环烃或三环烃,其是完全饱和的或含有一个或多个不饱和单元,但是其不是芳香性的并具有单一的与所述分子的其余部分连接的点。在一些实施方案中,“脂环族基”是指单环的C3-C8烃或二环的C8-C12烃,其是完全饱和的或含有一个或多个不饱和单元,但是其不是芳香性的,其具有单一的与所述分子的其余部分连接的点,其中在所述双环体系中的任意单独的环具有3-7个成员。
除非另作说明,否则本申请使用的术语“杂环”,“杂环基”,“杂脂环族基”或“杂环”是指非芳香性的、单环的、二环的或三环的环体系,其中在一个或多个环成员中的一个或多个环原子是独立被选择的杂原子。杂环可以是饱和的或可以含有一个或多个不饱和键。在一些实施方案中,“杂环”、“杂环基”或“杂环的”基团具有3-14个环成员,其中一个或多个环成员是独立地选自氧、硫、氮或磷的杂原子,并且在所述环体系中的每个环含有3-7个环成员。
术语“杂原子”是指氧、硫、氮、磷或硅(包括,氮、硫、磷或硅的任何氧化形式;任何碱性氮的季铵形式;或杂环的可取代的氮,例如N(如在3,4-二氢-2H-吡咯基中),NH(如在吡咯烷基中)或NR+(如在N-取代的吡咯烷基中))。
本申请使用的术语“不饱和的”是指某一部分具有一个或多个不饱和单元但不是芳香性的。
本申请使用的术语“烷氧基”或“硫烷基”是指先前定义的烷基,其通过氧(“烷氧基”)或硫(“硫烷基”)原子连接于主碳链。
术语“芳基”,其单独使用或作为更大部分如“芳烷基”、“芳烷氧基”或“芳基氧基烷基”中的一部分,是指单环的、二环的和三环的环体系,具有总共5-14个环碳原子,其中在所述体系中的至少一个环是芳香性的并且其中在所述体系中的每个环含有3-7个环碳原子。术语“芳基”可与术语“芳基环”互换使用。
术语“杂芳基”,其单独使用或作为更大部分如“杂芳烷基”或“杂芳基烷氧基”中的一部分,是指单环的、二环的和三环的环体系,具有总共5-14个环成员,其中在所述体系中的至少一个环是芳香性的,在所述体系中的每个环含有一个或多个杂原子,并且其中在所述体系中的每个环含有3-7个环成员。术语“杂芳基”可与术语“杂芳基环”或与术语“杂芳香基”互换使用。
术语“亚烷基链”是指直链或支碳的碳链,其可是完全饱和的或具有一个或多个不饱和单元,并且具有两个与所述分子的其余部分连接的点。
术语“亚螺环烷基(spirocycloalkylene)”是指脂环族环,其具有两个来自同一碳原子的与所述分子的其余部分连接的点。
除非另有说明,否则本申请描述的结构还意在包括该结构的全部异构形式(例如,对映形式,非对映形式和几何(或构象)形式);例如,每个不对称中心的R和S构型,(Z)和(E)双键异构体,以及(Z)和(E)构象异构体。因此,本发明化合物的单一立体化学异构体以及对映异构体、非对映异构体和几何(或构象)异构体的混合物处于本发明的范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本发明化合物的全部互变异构形式都处于本发明的范围内。例如,其中氢和Z环是例如噻唑-2-基或嘧啶-2-基的式(I)化合物的某些实施方案可以下面关于Z是噻唑-2-基的化合物所示的互变异构形式存在:
因此,在本发明的范围内包括其中Z环是噻唑或噻二唑的式(I)化合物的互变异构体,其中Z环中的环氮原子易发生1-3互变异构移位(例如,当Z环是噻唑-2-基环时)或1-5互变异构移位(例如,当Z环是噻二唑-2-基环时)。
另外,除非另有说明,否则本申请描述的结构还意在包括区别仅在于存在一个或多个同位素富集原子的化合物。例如,其中一个或多个氢原子被替换为氘或氚或者一个或多个碳原子被替换为13C或14C富集的碳的式(I)的化合物处于本发明的范围内。这些化合物可用作例如分析工具、生物试验中的探针或具有改善的治疗学特性的钠通道阻断剂。
在一个实施方案中,Z是选自以下的任选被取代的环:
在一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基、CF3、OCF3、CHF2、CH2F或-OCF3。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基或CF3。
在一个实施方案中,V是O或CH2。在另一个实施方案中,V是CH2。在另一个实施方案中,V是O。
在一个实施方案中,R1、R2或R3至少一个是卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2或R3至少两个是卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是H或卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是H或Cl。在另一个实施方案中,R1和R3是Cl。在另一个实施方案中,R1和R2是Cl。
在一个实施方案中,Z是V是O,以及R1和R3是Cl。
在一个实施方案中,Z是V是O,以及R1和R2是Cl。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了式Ia的化合物:
其中:
Z环是任选被0-2个R取代的噻唑或噻二唑;
V是CH2、NH、O或S;并且
R、R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、芳基、C3-C8脂环族基、卤基、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、NH2、NH(C1-C6脂族基)、N(C1-C6脂族基)2、COOH、COO(C1-C6脂族基)、O(C1-C6脂族基)、CHF2或CH2F。
在一个实施方案中,Z是选自以下的任选被取代的环:
在一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基、CF3、OCF3、CHF2、CH2F或-OCF3。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基或CF3。
在一个实施方案中,V是O或CH2。在另一个实施方案中,V是CH2。在另一个实施方案中,V是O。
在一个实施方案中,R1、R2或R3至少一个是卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2或R3至少两个是卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是H或卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是H或Cl。在另一个实施方案中,R1和R3是Cl。在另一个实施方案中,R1和R2是Cl。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了式Ib的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
Z环是任选被0-2个R取代的噻唑或噻二唑;
V是CH2、NH、O或S;并且
R、R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、芳基、C3-C8脂环族基、卤基、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、NH2、NH(C1-C6脂族基)、N(C1-C6脂族基)2、COOH、COO(C1-C6脂族基)、O(C1-C6脂族基)、CHF2或CH2F。
在一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基、CF3、OCF3、CHF2、CH2F或-OCF3。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基或CF3。
在另一个实施方案中,Z是或以及R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基、CF3、OCF3、CHF2、CH2F或-OCF3。在另一个实施方案中,Z是或以及R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基或CF3。
在一个实施方案中,V是O或CH2。在另一个实施方案中,V是CH2。在另一个实施方案中,V是O。
在一个实施方案中,R1、R2或R3至少一个是卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2或R3至少两个是卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是H或卤基。在另一个实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是H或Cl。在另一个实施方案中,R1和R3是Cl。在另一个实施方案中,R1和R2是Cl。
本发明的示例性的化合物如表2所示。
表2.
使用本领域已知的方法,可容易地制备本发明的化合物。以下方案1到方案8示出了用于制备本发明化合物的方法。
一般方案1
P1和P2=H或PG,PG=保护基;LG=离去基。(a)ClSO3H;(b)ZNH2,碱;(c,d)如果P1=PG,那么脱保护,如果P2=PG,那么保护;(e)附加LG;(f,g)碱,如果P2=PG,那么脱保护。
一般方案2
一般方案3
P1和P2=H或PG,PG=保护基;X=卤素。(a)ZNH2,碱;(b)CuI,碱;(c,d)如果P1=PG,那么脱保护;如果P2=PG,那么保护;(e)附加LG;(f,g)碱;如果P2=PG,那么脱保护。
一般方案4
(a)CuI,碱。
一般方案5
P1和P2=H或PG,PG=保护基;LG=离去基;(a)AlMe3,DCM;(b)PBu3,DBAD,THF;或PPh3,CBr4,DCM,那么DBU,CHCl3;(c,d)如果P1=PG,那么脱保护,如果P2=PG,那么保护;(e)附加LG;(f,g)碱;如果P2=PG,那么脱保护。
一般方案6
(a)AlMe3,DCM;(b)PBu3,DBAD,THF。
一般方案7
P1和P2=H或PG,PG=保护基;LG=离去基;(a)NaBH4,TFA,MeOH;(b)PTSA,THF;(c,d)如果P1=PG,那么脱保护,如果P2=PG,那么保护;(e)附加LG;(f,g)碱;如果P2=PG,那么脱保护。
一般方案8
中间体
1.式N-1的化合物:
其中:
Z环是任选被0-2个R取代的噻唑或噻二唑;
R是氢、C1-C6脂族基、芳基、C3-C8脂环族基、卤基、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、NH2、NH(C1-C6脂族基)、N(C1-C6脂族基)2、COOH、COO(C1-C6脂族基)、O(C1-C6脂族基)、CHF2或CH2F;
P是-O-PG或适当的保护基;以及
PG是适当的离去基。
在一个实施方案中,P是适当的保护基。适当的保护基包括甲氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基、四氢吡喃基、烯丙基碳酸酯、三甲基甲硅烷基、叔丁基-二苯基甲硅烷基、叔丁基-二甲基-甲硅烷基、乙酸酯、苯甲酰基、苄基、对甲氧基苄基等等。其它适当的保护基是本领域技术人员公知的,例如,Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.″Protecting Groups in OrganicSynthesis″,3rd Ed;John Wiley & Sons,Inc.:New York,1999;Chapter2,p17-245。
在另一个实施方案中,P是-O-PG。本申请使用的适当的离去基是能够被置换的基团。参见,“Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,”pp.339-357,Jerry March,4th Ed.,JohnWiley & Sons(1992)。
这类离去基的实例包括三氟甲磺酸酯、甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯、卤基等等。其它适当的离去基是本领域技术人员公知的。
应用、制剂和给药
药学上可接受的组合物
如上所讨论的,本发明提供了作为电压门控钠离子通道抑制剂的化合物,因此本发明的化合物可用于治疗包括但不限于以下的疾病、障碍和病况:急性、慢性、神经性或炎性疼痛,关节炎,偏头痛,丛集性头痛,三叉神经痛,疱疹性神经痛,全身神经痛,癫痫症或癫痫状况,神经变性障碍,精神性障碍诸如焦虑症和抑郁症,肌强直,心律失常,运动障碍,神经内分泌障碍,共济失调,多发性硬化,肠易激综合征和失禁。因此,在本发明的另一个方面,提供了药学上可接受的组合物,其中这些组合物包含本申请所述的任意化合物以及任选包含药学上可接受的载体、助剂或赋形剂。在某些实施方案中,这些组合物任选进一步包含一种或多种另外的治疗剂。
还可理解的是,本发明的某些化合物可以游离形式存在用于治疗目的,或者当适当时作为其药学上可接受的衍生物存在。根据本发明,药学上可接受的衍生物包括但不限于药学上可接受的盐、酯、这类酯的盐、或任何其它的加合物或衍生物,其在给予到有此需要的受治疗者时能够直接地或间接地提供如本申请所述的化合物或其代谢物或残余物。
本申请使用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指处在合理的医学判断范围内,适用于接触人和低等动物的组织而无过度的毒性、刺激性、变态反应等并且与合理的利益/风险比率相称的盐。“药学上可接受的盐”是指本发明化合物的任何无毒的盐或酯的盐,其在给予到接受者时能够直接地或间接地提供本发明的化合物或其抑制性的活性代谢物或残余物。本申请使用的术语“其具有抑制活性的代谢物或残余物”是指其代谢物或残余物也是电压门控钠离子通道的抑制剂。
药学上可接受的盐是本领域公知的。例如,S.M.Berge等人在J.Pharmaceutical Sciences,1977,66,1-19中详述了药学上可接受的盐,其作为参考并入本申请。本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括衍生自适当的无机的和有机的酸和碱的那些。药学上可接受的无毒的酸加成盐的实例是与无机酸或有机酸形成的或通过使用本领域使用的其它方法诸如离子交换形成的氨基的盐,所述无机酸诸如盐酸,氢溴酸,磷酸,硫酸和高氯酸,所述有机酸诸如乙酸,草酸,马来酸,酒石酸,柠檬酸,琥珀酸或丙二酸。其它的药学上可接受的盐包括己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐、戊酸盐等等。衍生自适当的碱的盐包括碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐和N+(C1-4烷基)4盐。本发明还预见了本申请所公开的化合物的任何碱性含氮基团的季铵化。通过这种季铵化可获得可溶于或可分散于水或油中的产物。典型的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁等的盐。其它药学上可接受的盐当适当时包括使用抗衡离子诸如卤离子、氢氧根、羧酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根、硝酸根、低级烷基磺酸根和芳基磺酸根形成的无毒的铵、季铵和胺阳离子。
如上所述,本发明的药学上可接受的组合物另外包含药学上可接受的载体、助剂或赋形剂,其根据本申请使用时包含任何的适于所需的具体剂型的溶剂、稀释剂或其它的液体介质、分散或悬浮助剂、表面活性剂、等渗试剂、增稠剂或乳化剂、防腐剂、固体粘合剂、润滑剂等。Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第16版,E.W.Martin(MackPublishing Co.,Easton,Pa.,1980)公开了多种用于配制药学上可接受的组合物的载体以及用于制备它们的已知技术。除去任何的与本发明化合物不相容的常规载体介质,诸如通过产生任何不希望的生物效应或其它以有害的方式与药学上可接受的组合物的任何一种或多种其它组分发生相互反应,任何常规的载体介质的使用被考虑处于本发明的范围内。可用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包括但不限于离子交换剂,氧化铝,硬脂酸铝,卵磷脂,血清蛋白诸如人血清白蛋白,缓冲物质诸如磷酸盐、甘氨酸、山梨酸或山梨酸钾,饱和植物脂肪酸的偏甘油酯混合物,水,盐或电解质,诸如硫酸鱼精蛋白,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸氢钾,氯化钠,锌盐,胶态二氧化硅,三硅酸镁,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,聚丙烯酸酯,蜡,聚氧化乙烯-聚氧化丙烯嵌段聚合物,羊毛脂,糖诸如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉诸如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和醋酸纤维素;粉状黄蓍胶;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂诸如可可脂和栓剂用蜡;油诸如花生油、棉子油;红花油;芝麻油;橄榄油;玉米油和大豆油;二醇,诸如丙二醇或聚乙二醇;酯诸如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂诸如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;藻酸;无热原的水;等渗盐水;林格溶液;乙醇和磷酸盐缓冲液;以及其它无毒的相容的润滑剂诸如十二烷基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁,以及着色剂,防粘剂,包衣剂,甜味剂,调味剂和芳香剂,防腐剂和抗氧化剂也可根据配方设计师的判断而存在于该组合物中。
化合物和药学上可接受的组合物的应用
在又一个方面,提供了用于治疗以下疾病或减轻其严重性的方法:急性、慢性、神经性或炎性疼痛,关节炎,偏头痛,丛集性头痛,三叉神经痛,疱疹性神经痛,全身神经痛,癫痫症或癫痫状况,神经变性障碍,精神性障碍诸如焦虑症和抑郁症,双相性精神障碍,肌强直,心律失常,运动障碍,神经内分泌障碍,共济失调,多发性硬化,肠易激综合征,失禁,内脏痛,骨关节炎痛,带状疱疹后神经痛,糖尿病性神经病变,神经根痛,坐骨神经痛,背痛,头或颈疼痛,严重或顽固性疼痛,伤害性疼痛,贯穿性疼痛,术后疼痛或癌症疼痛,该方法包括对有此需要的受治疗者给予有效量的化合物或包含化合物的药学上可接受的组合物。
在某些实施方案中,提供了治疗以下疾病或减轻其严重性的方法:中风,脑缺血,外伤性脑损伤,肌萎缩性侧索硬化,由应激或运动诱导的绞痛,心悸,高血压,偏头痛或胃肠道活动异常,该方法包括对有此需要的受治疗者给予有效量的化合物或包含化合物的药学上可接受的组合物。
在某些实施方案中,提供了治疗急性、慢性、神经性或炎性疼痛或减轻其严重性的方法,该方法包括对有此需要的受治疗者给予有效量的化合物或药学上可接受的组合物。在某些其它的实施方案中,提供了治疗神经根痛、坐骨神经痛、背痛、头痛或颈痛或减轻其严重性的方法,该方法包括对有此需要的受治疗者给予有效量的化合物或药学上可接受的组合物。在其它的实施方案中,提供了治疗严重或顽固性疼痛、急性疼痛、术后疼痛、背痛、耳鸣或癌症疼痛或减轻其严重性的方法,该方法包括对有此需要的受治疗者给予有效量的化合物或药学上可接受的组合物。
在某些实施方案中,提供了治疗以下疾病或减轻其严重性的方法:股骨癌症疼痛;非恶性慢性骨疼痛;类风湿性关节炎;骨关节炎;椎管狭窄;神经性腰痛;神经性腰痛;肌筋膜疼痛综合征;纤维肌痛;颞下颌关节疼痛;慢性内脏痛,包括腹痛;胰腺痛;IBS疼痛;慢性和急性头痛;偏头痛;紧张性头痛;包括丛集性头痛;慢性和急性神经性疼痛,包括疱疹后神经痛;糖尿病性神经病变;HIV相关神经病;三叉神经痛;夏-马-图神经病变;先天性感觉神经病变;外周神经损伤;疼痛性神经瘤;异位近端和远端放电;神经根病;由化疗诱导的神经性疼痛;由放疗诱导的神经性疼痛;乳房切除术后疼痛;中枢性疼痛;脊髓损伤疼痛;中风后疼痛;丘脑痛;复杂性区域疼痛综合征;幻痛;顽固性疼痛;急性疼痛;急性术后疼痛;急性肌与骨骼疼痛;关节疼痛;机械性腰背痛;颈痛;肌腱炎;损伤/运动疼痛;急性内脏痛,包括腹痛;肾盂肾炎;阑尾炎;胆囊炎;肠梗阻;疝气等等;胸痛,包括心脏痛;骨盆痛,肾绞痛,急性产科疼痛,包括分娩痛;剖腹产术疼痛;急性炎性、烧伤和创伤性疼痛;急性间歇性疼痛,包括子宫内膜异位症;急性带状疱疹疼痛;镰状细胞贫血病;急性胰腺炎;贯穿性疼痛;口面疼痛,包括鼻窦炎痛,牙痛;多发性硬化(MS)疼痛;抑郁症中的疼痛;麻疯病疼痛;贝切特病疼痛;痛性肥胖症;静脉炎疼痛;吉-巴病疼痛;下肢疼痛和足趾运动症;Haglund综合征;红斑性肢痛;法布里病疼痛;膀胱和泌尿生殖器疾病,包括尿失禁;膀胱活动过度;疼痛性膀胱综合征;间质性膀胱炎(IC);或前列腺炎;I型和II型复杂性区域疼痛综合征(CRPS);由绞痛诱导的疼痛,该方法包括对有此需要的受治疗者给予有效量的化合物或药学上可接受的组合物。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,化合物或药学上可接受的组合物的“有效量”是有效用于治疗以下的一种或多种疾病或减轻其严重性的量:急性、慢性、神经性或炎性疼痛,关节炎,偏头痛,丛集性头痛,三叉神经痛,疱疹性神经痛,全身神经痛,癫痫症或癫痫状况,神经变性障碍,精神性障碍诸如焦虑症和抑郁症,肌强直,心律失常,运动障碍,神经内分泌障碍,共济失调,多发性硬化,肠易激综合征,失禁,内脏痛,骨关节炎痛,带状疱疹后神经痛,糖尿病性神经病变,神经根痛,坐骨神经痛,背痛,头或颈疼痛,严重或顽固性疼痛,感受伤害性,贯穿性疼痛,术后疼痛,耳鸣或癌症疼痛。
所述化合物和组合物,根据本发明的方法,可使用任何有效用于治疗以下的一种或多种疾病或减轻其严重性的量和任何有效用于治疗以下的一种或多种疾病或减轻其严重性的给药途径进行给药:急性、慢性、神经性或炎性疼痛,关节炎,偏头痛,丛集性头痛,三叉神经痛,疱疹性神经痛,全身神经痛,癫痫症或癫痫状况,神经变性障碍,精神性障碍诸如焦虑症和抑郁症,肌强直,心律失常,运动障碍,神经内分泌障碍,共济失调,多发性硬化,肠易激综合征,失禁,内脏痛,骨关节炎痛,带状疱疹后神经痛,糖尿病性神经病变,神经根痛,坐骨神经痛,背痛,头或颈疼痛,严重或顽固性疼痛,感受伤害性,贯穿性疼痛,术后疼痛,耳鸣或癌症疼痛。所需求的精确量因受治疗者间差异、受治疗者的物种、年龄和一般状况、感染的严重性、具体的药剂、其给药方式等的不同而异。本发明的化合物优选被配制在易于给药和剂量一致性的剂量单位形式中。本申请使用的表述“剂量单位形式”是指适于被治疗的受治疗者的药剂的物理离散的单位。然而,可理解的是,本发明的化合物和组合物的总的日用量将由主治医师在合理的医学判断范围内来确定。对于任何特定的受治疗者或生物而言,特定的有效剂量水平将根据包括以下的多种因素而异:治疗的障碍和该障碍的严重性;所用的特定化合物的活性;所用的特定的组合物;患者的年龄、体重、总体健康状况、性别和饮食;所用的特定化合物的给药时间,给药途径和排泄速率;治疗的持续时间;联合使用的药物或与所用的特定化合物相符的药物;以及医药领域公知的类似因素。本申请使用的术语“受治疗者”是指动物,优选是指哺乳动物,最优选是指人。
本发明的药学上可接受的组合物可通过以下方式施用于人和其它动物:经口,经直肠,肠胃外,脑池内,阴道内,腹膜内,局部(作为粉剂、软膏剂或滴剂),经颊,作为口或鼻用喷雾剂等等,根据被治疗感染的严重性的不同而异。在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以约0.01mg/kg受治疗者体重/天到约50mg/kg受治疗者体重/天、优选约1mg/kg受治疗者体重/天到约25mg/kg受治疗者体重/天的剂量水平,经口或肠胃外给药,每天给药一次或多次,以获得所需的治疗效果。
用于经口给药的液体剂型包括但不限于药学上可接受的乳剂、微乳剂、溶液剂、悬浮剂、糖浆剂和酏剂。除了活性化合物之外,所述液体剂型可含有本领域常用的惰性稀释剂,诸如,例如,水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂诸如乙醇,异丙醇,碳酸乙酯,乙酸乙酯,苯甲醇,苯甲酸苄酯,丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,二甲基甲酰胺,油类(特别是棉子油、花生油、玉米油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油),甘油,四氢化呋喃甲醇,聚乙二醇和山梨糖醇酐的脂肪酸酯,及其混合物。除了惰性稀释剂之外,所述经口给药组合物还可包括助剂诸如润湿剂,乳化剂和助悬剂,甜味剂,调味剂和芳香剂。
可根据本领域已知方法采用适当的分散剂或润湿剂和助悬剂配制可注射制剂,例如,无菌的可注射的水性或油性悬浮剂。无菌的可注射制剂还可是无菌的可注射的在无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的溶液剂、悬浮剂或乳剂,例如,作为在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液剂。在可使用的可接受的介质和溶剂中,有水,林格溶液,U.S.P.和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,一般使用无菌的固定油作为溶剂或悬浮介质。为了这一目的,可使用任何温和的固定油,包括合成的甘油一酯或甘油二酯。另外,在可注射制剂中使用脂肪酸诸如油酸。
可注射制剂可经过灭菌,例如,通过过滤通过细菌保持过滤器、或通过引入无菌固体组合物形式的杀菌剂,可在使用前夕将该无菌固体组合物溶解或分散在无菌水或其它无菌的可注射介质中。
为了延长本发明化合物的效果,经常希望减慢所述化合物从皮下注射或肌肉内注射的吸收。这可以通过采用具有差的水溶性的结晶或无定形物质的液体悬浮剂来实现。那么,所述化合物的吸收速率根据其溶出速率而定,而溶出速率又根据结晶大小和结晶形式而定。或者,经肠胃外给药的化合物的延迟吸收通过将所述化合物溶解或悬浮在油性介质中来实现。可注射的储库形式通过在可生物降解的聚合物诸如聚乙交酯-聚丙交酯中形成所述化合物的微囊基质来形成。根据化合物与聚合物的比率以及所用的特定聚合物的性质,可以控制化合物释放速率。其它可生物降解的聚合物的实例包括聚原酸酯和聚酐。储库型可注射制剂还可通过将所述化合物截留在与体组织相容的脂质体或微乳剂中来制备。
用于直肠或阴道给药的组合物优选是栓剂,其可通过将本发明的化合物与适当的无刺激性的赋形剂或载体诸如可可脂、聚乙二醇或在室温下是液体但在体温下是液体并从而在直肠或阴道腔内溶化并释放活性化合物的栓剂用蜡混合来制备。
用于经口给药的固体剂型包括胶囊、片剂、丸剂、粉剂和粒剂。在这种固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种惰性的、药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体混合,诸如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙和/或a)填充剂或增量剂诸如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸,b)粘合剂,诸如,例如,羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶,c)湿润剂诸如甘油,d)崩解剂诸如琼脂--琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠,e)溶解阻滞剂诸如链烷烃,f)吸收促进剂诸如季铵化合物,g)润湿剂,诸如,例如,鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯,h)吸附剂诸如高岭土和皂土,和i)润滑剂诸如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠及其混合物。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,所述剂型还可包含缓冲剂。
相似类型的固体组合物也可在使用诸如乳糖或奶糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇等的赋形剂的软和硬的填充明胶胶囊中用作填充剂。片剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、丸剂和粒剂的固体剂型可以使用包衣和外壳诸如肠溶包衣和制药领域的公知的其它包衣来制备。它们可任选地包含遮光剂并且可具有这样的组成,从而使得它们只释放一种或多种活性成分,或者在肠道的某一部分内优先释放,任选以延迟方式释放。可使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物物质和蜡。相似类型的固体组合物也可在使用诸如乳糖(lactose)或乳糖(milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇等的赋形剂的软和硬的填充明胶胶囊中用作填充剂。
所述活性化合物还可为与上述的一种或多种赋形剂在一起的微囊封形式。片剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、丸剂和粒剂的固体剂型可以使用包衣和外壳诸如肠溶包衣、释放控制包衣和制药领域的公知的其它包衣来制备。在这种固体剂型中,活性化合物可与至少一种惰性稀释剂诸如蔗糖、乳糖或淀粉混合。这种剂型还可根据常规实践包含除惰性稀释剂之外的另外的物质,例如片剂润滑剂和其它的片剂助剂,诸如硬脂酸镁和微晶纤维素。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,所述剂型还可包含缓冲剂。它们可任选地包含遮光剂并且可具有这样的组成,从而使得它们只释放一种或多种活性成分,或者在肠道的某一部分内优先释放,任选以延迟方式释放。可使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物物质和蜡。
用于本发明化合物的局部或经皮给药的剂型包括膏剂、糊剂、霜剂、洗剂、凝胶剂、粉剂、溶液剂、喷雾剂吸入剂或贴剂。在无菌下将活性组分与药学上可接受的载体并可根据需要与任何所需的防腐剂或缓冲剂混合。眼科制剂、耳用滴剂和眼用滴剂也被考虑处于本发明的范围内。另外,本发明考虑了经皮贴片的使用,其具有提供化合物向身体的受控递送的附加优点。这种剂型通过将所述化合物溶解或分配在适当的介质中来制备。吸收增强剂也可用于增加所述化合物穿过皮肤的通量。所述速率可以通过提供速率控制膜和通过将所述化合物分散在聚合物基质或凝胶中得以控制。
如以上一般性描述的,本发明的化合物可用作电压门控钠离子通道的抑制剂。在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物和组合物是NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9中一种或多种的抑制剂,因此,不希望束缚于任何特定的理论,所述化合物和组合物特别可用于治疗疾病、病况或障碍或减轻其严重性,在该疾病、病况或障碍中涉及NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9中一种或多种的激活或机能亢进。当在特定的疾病、病况或障碍中涉及NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9的激活或机能亢进时,所述疾病、病况或障碍还可被称作“由NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9介导的疾病、病况或障碍”。因此,在另一个方面,本发明提供了治疗疾病、病况或障碍或减轻其严重性的方法,在该疾病、病况或障碍中涉及NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9的激活或机能亢进。
可根据本申请实施例中一般性描述的方法,或根据本领域普通技术人员可获得的方法,测定本发明的用作NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9的抑制剂的化合物的活性。
在某些示例性的实施方案中,本发明的化合物可用作NaV1.3和/或NaV1.1的抑制剂。
还可理解的是,本发明的化合物和药学上可接受的组合物可用于联合治疗中,也就是说,所述化合物和药学上可接受的组合物可与一种或多种其它的所需的治疗剂或医学程序同时给予、在其之前或之后给予。用在联合方案中的治疗(治疗剂或程序)的特定组合将考虑所需治疗剂和/或程序的相容性以及要实现的所需的治疗效果。还可理解的是,所用的治疗对于相同障碍可实现所需效果(例如,本发明的化合物可与另一种用于治疗相同障碍的药剂同时给予),或者它们可实现不同的效果(例如,控制任何不良作用)。本申请使用的通常被给药以治疗或预防特定的疾病或病况的另外的治疗剂被称作“适合治疗的疾病或病况”。例如,示例性的另外的治疗剂包括但不限于:非阿片类镇痛药(吲哚类诸如依托度酸,吲哚美辛,舒林酸,托美丁;萘基烷酮类,诸如萘丁美酮;昔康类诸如吡罗昔康;对氨基苯酚衍生物,诸如对乙酰氨基酚;丙酸类诸如非诺洛芬,氟比洛芬,布洛芬,酮洛芬,萘普生,萘普生钠,奥沙普秦;水杨酸酯类诸如阿司匹林,三水杨酸胆碱镁,二氟尼柳;芬那酸类诸如甲氯芬那酸,甲芬那酸;以及吡唑类诸如保泰松);鸦片类(麻醉性)激动剂(诸如可待因,芬太尼,氢吗啡酮,左啡诺,哌替啶,美沙酮,吗啡,羟考酮,羟吗啡酮,右丙氧芬,丁丙诺啡,布托啡诺,地佐辛,纳布啡和喷他佐辛)。另外,非药物止痛手段可与本发明的一种或多种化合物的给药结合使用。还可使用,例如,麻醉学(脊柱内输注、神经阻滞)、神经外科(CNS途径的神经松解术)、神经刺激(经皮肤电神经刺激、背柱刺激)、物理治疗(理疗、矫形装置、透热法)或心理学(认知方法-催眠、生物反馈或行为学方法)手段。另外的适当的治疗剂或治疗手段一般性地描述于The Merck Manual,第17版,Ed.Mark H.。Beers和RobertBerkow,Merck Research Laboratories,1999,以及the Food and DrugAdministration网址www.fda.gov,们其各自的全部公开作为参考被并入本申请。
在本发明组合物中存在的另外的治疗剂的量将不超过该治疗剂在包含其作为唯一活性剂的组合物中被正常给予的量。优选地,在本发明公开的组合物中的另外的治疗剂的量将是在包含该治疗剂作为唯一治疗活性剂的组合物中一般存在的量的约50%到100%。
本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的组合物还可被掺入到用于涂敷可植入的医药器械诸如假体、人造瓣膜、血管移植物、支架和导管的组合物中。因此,在另一个方面,本发明包括用于涂敷可植入器械的包含如上一般性以及在本申请的类和小类中描述的本发明的化合物的组合物,以及适于涂敷所述可植入器械的载体。在又一个方面,本发明包括使用包含如上一般性描述以及在本申请的类和小类中描述的本发明的化合物的组合物涂敷的可植入器械,以及适于涂敷所述可植入器械的载体。适当的涂料和被涂敷的可植入器械的一般制备方法描述于美国专利6,099,562;5,886,026和5,304,121中。所述涂料一般是生物相容性的聚合物材料,诸如水凝胶聚合物,聚甲基二硅氧烷,聚己酸内酯,聚乙二醇,聚乳酸,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯,及其混合物。所述涂料可任选地进一步被氟硅酮、聚糖、聚乙二醇、磷脂或其组合的外涂层覆盖,以在组合物中赋予受控释放特征。
本发明的另一个方面涉及抑制生物样品或受治疗者中的NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9中的一种或多种的活性的方法,该方法包括对所述受治疗者施用或使所述生物样品接触式I的化合物或包含所述化合物的组合物。本申请使用的术语“生物样品”包括但不限于细胞培养物或其提取物;从哺乳动物获得的活组织检查材料或其提取物;以及血液、唾液、尿液、粪便、精液、泪液或其它体液或其提取物。
生物样品中的NaV1.1、NaV1.2、NaV1.3、NaV1.4、NaV1.5、NaV1.6、NaV1.7、NaV1.8或NaV1.9中的一种或多种的抑制可用于本领域技术人员已知的许多目的。这些目的的实例包括但不限于研究生物和病理现象中的钠离子通道;以及比较性评价新的钠离子通道抑制剂。
具体实施方式
一般方法。1H NMR(400MHz)和13C NMR(100MHz)图谱作为在氘代氯仿(CDCl3)或二甲基亚砜-D6(DMSO)中的溶液被获得。质谱(MS)采用装备有Phenomenex 50×4.60mm luna-5μC18柱的AppliedBiosystems API EX LC/MS系统获得。LC/MS洗脱体系是在水中的10-99%乙腈,含有0.035%v/v的三氟乙酸,使用4.5分钟的线性梯度和4.0mL/分钟的流速。使用粒度230-400目的硅胶-60进行硅胶色谱法。吡啶、二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)、四氢呋喃(THF)得自保存在干燥氮气下的AldrichSure-Seal瓶中。全部的反应进行磁力搅拌,除非另作说明。除非另作说明,否则全部的温度是指内部反应温度。在以下的方法中,Q表示其中V、R1、R2和R3的定义如上所述的并且将其统称为“胺”。
合成1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基胺
方法A
(E)-N’-硫代氨甲酰基-N,N-二甲基甲亚胺酰胺(formimidamide)
在氮气气氛下,在室温下,将1,1-二甲氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺(174mL,150g,1.31mol)加入到硫脲(90.0g,1.2mol)和MeOH(950mL)的混合物中,并将反应加热回流4小时。使混合物冷却到室温并搅拌19小时。然后将反应冷却到0℃并搅拌1小时。滤出形成的沉淀物并用MeOH和己烷的1∶1混合物洗涤,获得(E)-N’-硫代氨甲酰基-N,N-二甲基甲亚胺酰胺,为白色固体(133g,85%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.62(s,1H),8.20(s,1H),7.93(s,1H),3.13(s,3H),2.99(s,3H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=132.0;tR=0.37分钟。
1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基胺
将(E)-N’-硫代氨甲酰基-N,N-二甲基甲亚胺酰胺(3.9g,30mmol)、羟基胺-O-磺酸(3.7g,33mmol)和EtOH(100mL)的混合物在80℃加热8小时。在冷却到室温后,加入三乙胺,将混合物在室温搅拌19小时。将溶剂减压蒸发,并将残余物溶于CH2Cl2:MeOH的9∶1混合物(10mL)并使用含5%MeOH的CH2Cl2进行硅胶色谱法纯化,获得1,2,4-噻二唑-5-胺,为白色固体(1.4g,47%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.95(s,2H),7.85(s,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=102.1;tR=0.39分钟。
方法B
1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基胺
向甲脒(HOAc盐,500g,4.8mol)在MeOH(1500mL)中的溶液中加入硫氰酸钾(465g,4.8mol)。在室温下搅拌10分钟后,在0℃向生成的溶液中加入甲醇钠(520g,9.6mol)在MeOH(1500mL)中的溶液,然后在-15℃向溶液中滴加溴(250mL,4.8mol)。在-10℃搅拌0.5小时,在0℃搅拌0.5小时,并在室温下搅拌3小时后,减压除去MeOH。将残余物溶于EtOAc,过滤不溶物质。将滤液倾入到饱和的NaCl水溶液中,用EtOAc提取水层。有机层用Na2SO4干燥并减压蒸发。将残留的胶状物用Et2O提取,得到粗化合物[1,2,4]噻二唑-5-基胺(221g),其用于下一步无需进一步纯化。
1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基胺盐酸盐
向1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基胺(220g,2.19mol)在MeOH(1000mL)中的溶液中加入HCl在MeOH中的溶液(4M,1000mL)。加料后,将生成的悬浮液在室温下搅拌1小时。过滤收集固体产物,用MeOH洗涤并干燥,得到1,2,4-噻二唑-5-胺盐酸盐(137.7g,两步收率21%)。1H NMR(300MHz,D2O)δ8.02(s,1H)。MS(ESI)m/e(M+H+)101.2。
一般方法1
方法A
将4-溴苯-1-磺酰氯(1当量)、氨基杂环(1当量)和吡啶(2.2-4.4M)的混合物在氮气气氛下在室温下搅拌19小时。使用含5%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需产物。
方法B
将4-溴苯-1-磺酰氯(1当量,1mmol)、氨基杂环(1当量,1mmol)、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)(1当量,1mmol)和乙腈(4.8mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。使用含MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需产物。
4-溴-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法1,方法A合成。收率:99%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.77-7.71(m,4H),7.29(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=4.6Hz,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=319.0;tR=3.22分钟。
一般方法2
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向搅拌的氨基杂环(2.4当量,2.4mmol)和吡啶(0.35mL)的溶液中加入对碘苯磺酰氯(1当量,1mmol)。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌17小时。加入CH2Cl2/MeOH-2/1。将混合物过滤,使用含MeOH的CH2Cl2对滤液通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化。将固体研磨,得到所需产物。
4-碘-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向搅拌的2-氨基噻唑(13.2g,132.2mmol)和吡啶(20mL)的溶液中加入对碘苯磺酰氯(20.0g,55.1mmol)。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌17小时。加入CH2Cl2/MeOH-2/1(100mL)。将混合物过滤,使用含5%MeOH的CH2Cl2将滤液通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化。将固体与CH2Cl2研磨,获得所需的磺酰胺,为白色固体(8.4g,20.9mmol,38%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.83(s,1H),7.94-7.90(m,2H),7.57-7.54(m,2H),7.26(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=4.6Hz,1H)。
路线1
(R)-5-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂戊环-4-酮
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在60分钟内,向搅拌的(R)-(-)-二甲基-5-氧代-1,2-二氧杂戊环-4-乙酸(15.8g,91mmol)和THF(90mL)的溶液中滴加硼烷-THF复合物(1.0M,在THF中,100mL,100mmol)。将混合物在0℃搅拌2.5小时,然后使其回温到25℃。将混合物在室温下搅拌19小时。将混合物倾入到MeOH(150mL)中,并在25℃减压蒸干溶液。使用含30%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的醇,为澄清的油(7.1g,44.6mmol,49%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.61-4.51(m,1H),3.89-3.80(m,2H),2.20-2.12(m,2H),2.05-1.98(m,1H),1.64(s,3H),1.57(s,3H)。
(R)-3-羟基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮
将(R)-5-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂戊环-4-酮(33.0g,206mmol)、对甲苯磺酸一水合物(400mg,2.1mmol)和苯(300mL)的溶液在25℃搅拌3小时。在25℃减压蒸干溶液。使用含50%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酯,为澄清的油(18.0g,176mmol,85%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.57-4.52(m,1H),4.44(td,J=9.0,3.6Hz,1H),4.28-4.21(m,1H),3.72(s,1H),2.66-2.58(m,1H),2.35-2.24(m,1H)。
(R)-3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在30分钟内,向搅拌的(R)-3-羟基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮(41.0g,401mmol)、咪唑(61.4g,920mmol)和CH2Cl2(175mL)的溶液中滴加叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷(129mL,138g,497mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌19小时。将混合物在CH2Cl2(700mL)和H2O(100mL)之间分配。将有机部分减压浓缩至干。使用含50%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酯,为白色固体(127g,373mmol,93%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.84-7.82(m,2H),7.73-7.71(m,2H),7.50-7.40(m,6H),4.41-4.31(m,2H),4.06-4.00(m,1H),2.29-2.19(m,2H),1.10(s,9H)。
一般方法3
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在20分钟内,向搅拌的苯胺(1.3mmol)和CH2Cl2(5.5mL)的悬浮液中滴加三甲基铝(1.3mmol)。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌30分钟。将溶液冷却到0℃,然后在30分钟内滴加在CH2Cl2(1.0mL)中的(R)-3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮(1mmol)。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌19小时。将溶液冷却到0℃并在1.5小时内滴加1.0M HCl水溶液。将有机部分用1.0N的HCl水溶液洗涤(2×1.0mL)并减压蒸发至干。使用含MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的酰胺,为白色固体。
(R)-2-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-4-羟基-N-(4-(N-噻唑-2-基氨磺酰基)苯基)丁酰胺
根据一般方法3合成。使用磺胺噻唑(122g,477mmol)、CH2Cl2(1.5L)、三甲基铝(2.0M,在己烷中,239mL,477mmol)和(R)-3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮(125g,367mmol),在CH2Cl2(250mL)中进行反应。使用含10%MeOH的CH2Cl2对反应通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的酰胺,为白色固体(207g,348mmol,95%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.73(s,1H),7.76(dd,J=1.8,7.0Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.59-7.53(m,4H),7.44-7.28(m,8H),7.09(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.46(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.34(dd,J=4.1,6.7Hz,1H),3.64-3.59(m,1H),3.54(dd,J=6.1,11.4Hz,1H),1.99-1.91(m,1H),1.81-1.70(m,1H),1.10(s,9H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=596.5;tR=1.93分钟。
一般方法4
方法A
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在5分钟内,向搅拌的偶氮二甲酸二叔丁基酯(3.0当量,3.0mmol)和THF(2.0mL)的溶液中滴加三丁基膦(3.0当量,3.0mmol)。将无色的溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟。在5分钟内滴加酰胺醇(1.0当量,1.0mmol)在THF(0.60mL)中的溶液。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌2小时。向该溶液中加入H2O(40uL)并将溶液蒸干。使用含EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酰胺。
方法B
搅拌在无水DCM(4.0mL)中的所述醇(1.0当量,1.0mmol)并冷却到0℃。向其中缓慢加入PPh3(1.5当量,1.5mmol)在无水DCM(0.90mL)中的溶液,然后缓慢加入在无水DCM(0.90mL)中的CBr4(1.5当量,1.5mmol)。当CBr4加料完成时,将反应保持在0℃,历时5分钟。除去冰浴并将反应在室温下搅拌4小时。将反应用DCM稀释,将有机层用饱和的NaHCO3水溶液(2x)和盐水(1x)洗涤。将有机层用Na2SO4干燥并浓缩。对粗产物进行柱色谱法纯化(梯度0-100%EtOAc/己烷),得到溴化物。向该溴化物(1.0当量,1.0mmol)在氯仿(3.5mL;HPLC级别)中的溶液中加入DBU(2.0当量,2.0mmol)并在氮气气氛下,在室温下搅拌1小时。将反应用DCM稀释,有机层用1N HCl水溶液(3x)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(2x)和盐水(1x)洗涤。有机层用Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,得到所需的内酰胺。
(R)-4-(3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺:
根据一般方法4,方法A合成。使用偶氮二甲酸二叔丁基酯(1.81g,7.88mmol)、THF(15mL)、三丁基膦(1.59g,7.88mmol)和(R)-2-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-4-羟基-N-(4-(N-噻唑-2-基氨磺酰基)苯基)丁酰胺(1.56g,2.63mmol)进行反应。使用含40%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酰胺,为白色固体(1.3g,2.3mmol,86%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.83-7.76(m,4H),7.70(dd,J=1.9,7.0Hz,2H),7.65(dd,J=1.5,8.0Hz,2H),7.39-7.29(m,6H),7.06(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.44(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.35(dd,J=7.9,9.2Hz,1H),3.67-3.62(m,1H),3.48-3.42(m,1H),2.18-1.98(m,2H)1.11(s,9H)。
根据一般方法4,方法B合成。使用(R)-2-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-4-羟基-N-(4-(N-噻唑-2-基氨磺酰基)苯基)丁酰胺(10.0g,16.78mmol,1.0当量)、DCM(70mL)、PPh3(6.6g,25.2mmol,1.5当量)、CBr4(8.35g,25.2mmol,1.5当量)、DBU(3.53mL,23.58mmol,2.0当量)进行反应。将有机层用Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,得到内酰胺,为黄色固体(6.25g,92%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.83-7.76(m,4H),7.70(dd,J=1.9,7.0Hz,2H),7.65(dd,J=1.5,8.0Hz,2H),7.39-7.29(m,6H),7.06(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.44(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.35(dd,J=7.9,9.2Hz,1H),3.67-3.62(m,1H),3.48-3.42(m,1H),2.18-1.98(m,2H)1.11(s,9H)。
一般方法5
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向搅拌的苯磺酰胺(1.0mmol)在CH2Cl2(2.3mL)中的悬浮液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol),然后加入烯丙基溴(2.0mmol)。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌19小时。将混合物减压蒸干。使用含EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的烷基磺酰胺。
(R)-N-烯丙基-4-(3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法5合成。使用(R)-4-(3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯-磺酰胺(50.0g,86.6mmol)、CH2Cl2(200mL)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(30.2mL,173.2mmol)和烯丙基溴(15.0mL,173.2mmol)进行反应。使用含50%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的磺酰胺,为白色固体(45.0g,72.7mmol,84%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ.7.85-7.79(m,6H),7.70(dd,J=1.6,7.7Hz,2H),7.49-7.40(m,6H),7.36(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),5.90-5.82(m,1H),5.16(dd,J=1.3,10.3Hz,1H),4.97(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),4.56-4.52(m,3H),3.76-3.72(m,1H),3.56-3.48(m,1H),2.28-2.25(m,1H),2.19-1.98(m,1H),1.11(s,9H)。
(R)-N-烯丙基-4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在20分钟内,向搅拌的(R)-N-烯丙基-4-(3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(78.7g,127mmol)和THF(300mL)的溶液中滴加氟化四丁基铵(1.0M,在THF中,255mL,255mmol)。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌2小时。向该溶液中加入H2O(5mL),然后蒸干。使用含30%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的醇,为白色固体(39.5g,104mmol,82%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.86-7.80(m,4H),7.37(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),5.92-5.83(m,2H),5.17(dd,J=1.3,10.3Hz,1H),4.98(q,J=1.4Hz,1H),4.55(dt,J=5.3,1.7Hz,2H),4.36-4.30(m,1H),3.81-3.76(m,1H),3.70(td,J=9.5,5.4Hz,1H),2.45-2.38(m,1H),1.90-1.80(m,1H)。
一般方法6
在氮气气氛下,在-40℃,向搅拌的醇(1.0mmol)在CH2Cl2(3.0mL)中溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol),然后在20分钟内滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1.1mmol)。将混合物在-40℃搅拌1小时。在-40℃向该溶液中加入胺(1.5mmol)。将溶液保持在特定的温度(-20℃到25℃)历时特定时间,然后用水淬灭。将反应减压蒸干。使用含MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的内酰胺。
一般方法7
向搅拌的烯丙基磺酰胺(1.0mmol)和CH3CN(3.8mL)的悬浮液中加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.2mmol)和1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸(10mmol)。将混合物在60℃加热4小时。将反应减压蒸干。使用含MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的磺酰胺。
路线2
一般方法8
在氮气气氛下,向被保护的TBDPS磺酰胺(1当量)在THF(0.5-1M)中的溶液中加入氟化四丁基铵在THF中的溶液(1M,4当量)。当加料完成后,将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物倾入到水中并用CH2Cl2(2×)提取,用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。使用含2-10%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
(R)-4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法8合成。在氮气气氛下,向(R)-4-(3-(叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(5.5g,9.53mmol)在THF(40mL)中的溶液中加入氟化四丁基铵在THF中的溶液(1M,40mL,38.1mmol)。当加料完成后,将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物倾入到水中并用CH2Cl2(2×50mL)提取,用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。使用含2-10%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到(R)-4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(2.6g,76%)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=340.0;tR=0.54分钟。
一般方法9
在氮气气氛下,在-40℃,将N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2-4当量)滴加到醇(1当量)在CH2Cl2中的溶液(0.5M)中。向该溶液中滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1.1-2.1当量),同时保持反应混合物的内部温度低于-40℃。当加料完成后,将混合物在-40℃搅拌1小时。向该溶液中滴加胺(1.5-3当量)在CH2Cl2(40mL)中的溶液,同时保持反应混合物的内部温度低于-40℃。使反应回温到-20℃并保持在该温度下历时48小时。将反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(2×)、盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。使用含0-40%乙酸乙酯的己烷通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法10
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,将DMAP(1.5-3当量)加入到醇(1当量)在CH2Cl2(0.5M)中的溶液中。然后向反应混合物中加入三乙胺(20当量)。在0℃向该溶液中滴加甲磺酸酐(10当量)。加料完成后,将混合物在室温下搅拌。将反应混合物倾入到水中并用CH2Cl2(2×)提取,用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩,使用含2-10%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到甲磺酸化的醇。
(R)-2-氧代-1-(4-(N-噻唑-2-基氨磺酰基)苯基)吡咯烷-3-基甲磺酸酯
根据一般方法10合成。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=498.3;tR=1.18分钟。
一般方法11
方法A
在氮气气氛下,在室温下,将甲磺酸酯(1当量)、三乙胺(3当量)、胺(2-5当量)在DMF(0.3-0.5M)中的溶液搅拌19小时。使用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
方法B
将甲磺酸酯(1当量)、氟化钾(1当量)、胺(2-5当量)在乙腈(0.3-0.5M)中的溶液在150℃进行微波照射加热历时10分钟。使用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法12
在氮气气氛下,在-20℃,将DMAP(1.5-3当量)加入到醇(1当量)在CH2Cl2(0.5M)中的溶液中。然后向反应混合物中加入三乙胺(3当量)。在-20℃向该溶液中滴加对甲苯磺酸酐(3当量)。加料完成后,将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物倾入到水中并用CH2Cl2(2×)提取,用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩,使用含2-10%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到二甲苯磺酸化的醇。
(R)-2-氧代-1-(4-(N-(噻唑-2-基)-N-甲苯磺酰基氨磺酰基)苯基)-吡咯烷-3-基4-甲基苯磺酸酯
根据一般方法12合成。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=648.5;tR=1.92分钟。
一般方法13
在氮气气氛下,在60℃,将甲苯磺酰化的醇(1当量)、三乙胺(4当量)、胺(4当量)在DMF(0.3-0.5M)中的溶液搅拌19小时。使用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
4-((S)-3-((R)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺和4-((S)-3-((S)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法13合成。在氮气气氛下,在60℃,将甲苯磺酰化的醇(2.0g,3mmol)、三乙胺(1.73mL,2.4mmol)、2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉(1.99g,6.2mmol)在DMF(20mL)中的溶液搅拌19小时。使用含2-10%甲醇的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到4-((3S)-3-(2-((3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺,为白色固体(0.282g,16.4%)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=553.3;tR=1.45分钟。然后使用超临界流体色谱法(Chiralpak AS-H柱(2×25cm),55%甲醇(1%DEA)/CO2,50mL/min)对非对映混合物进行纯化,获得两个非对映体4-((S)-3((R)-2-((3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(60mg)和4-((S)-3((S)-2-((3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(45mg)。
(S,R)非对映体:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.71(s,1H),7.84-7.77(m,4H),7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.44(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.57(dd,J=1.7,9.8Hz,1H),3.97-3.91(m,1H),3.79-3.62(m,4H),3.21-3.17(m,1H),2.95-2.86(m,2H),2.69-2.66(m,1H),2.22-2.12(m,2H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=553.3;tR=1.45分钟。SFC(Chiralpak AS-H,(0.46×25cm),55%甲醇(1%DEA)/CO2,3mL/min):tR=5.6分钟。
(S,S)非对映体:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.85-7.78(m,4H),7.54(t,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=1.9,9.9Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.80-3.65(m,4H),3.01-2.89(m,2H),2.70-2.65(m,1H),2.51-2.45(m,1H),2.27-2.22(m,1H),2.12-2.07(m,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=553.3;tR=1.44分钟。SFC(Chiralpak AS-H,(0.46×25cm),55%甲醇(1%DEA)/CO2,3mL/min):tR=6.8分钟。
路线3
一般方法14
在氮气气氛下,在-20℃,将N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3eq)滴加到α-羟基-γ-丁内酯(1eq)在二氯甲烷(0.5mL)中的溶液中。然后滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1-1.2eq),同时保持反应混合物的内部温度<-20℃。加料完成后,将混合物在-20℃搅拌1小时,然后在-20℃滴加胺(1.5eq)。使反应经过30分钟回温到室温并在室温下继续搅拌16小时。将反应混合物用200mL的乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤(3x)。将有机层用饱和的NaCl水溶液洗涤(2x)。将溶液用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。使用含10-30%乙酸乙酯的己烷通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法15
在氮气气氛下,在室温下,在5分钟内向磺胺噻唑(1-1.2eq.)在CH2Cl2(0.5M)中的溶液中加入三甲基铝在己烷中的溶液(2.0M,1-1.2eq.)。在室温下搅拌20分钟后,在10分钟内加入内酯(1eq.)在CH2Cl2中的溶液(0.4M)。在室温或回流下继续搅拌18-36小时,然后将反应混合物冷却到0℃,并通过小心加入1M HCl水溶液淬灭。分离各相,水相用CH2Cl2(2×)提取。将合并的有机提取物用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。使用含2-10%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法16
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向偶氮二甲酸二叔丁基酯(2-4eq.)在THF(0.4M)中的黄色溶液中缓慢加入三丁基膦(2-4eq.),将生成的无色的Mitsunobu试剂的溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后在氮气气氛下,在0℃将其加入酰胺醇(1eq.)在THF(0.3M)中的溶液。将反应混合物在该温度搅拌10分钟,并通过添加饱和的NaHCO3水溶液进行淬灭。加入EtOAc,分离各相,并将水层用EtOAc(2×)提取。将合并的有机提取物用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。使用含EtOAc的己烷通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法17
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向偶氮二甲酸二叔丁基酯(2-4eq.)在THF(0.4M)中的黄色溶液中缓慢加入三丁基膦(2-4eq.),将生成的无色的Mitsunobu试剂的溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后在氮气气氛下,在0℃将其加入酰胺醇(1eq.)在THF(0.3M)中的溶液。将反应混合物在该温度搅拌10分钟,并通过添加饱和的NaHCO3水溶液进行淬灭。加入EtOAc,分离各相,并将水层用EtOAc(2×)提取。将合并的有机提取物用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。使用含EtOAc的己烷通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法18
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,将氯磺酸(5-30eq.)分次加入到苯基-吡咯烷-2-酮(1eq.)中。将反应混合物加热到50-60℃历时15-20分钟,并在冷却到室温后,将其小心地倾入到冰-水上。加入EtOAc或CH2Cl2,分离各相,将水层用EtOAc或CH2Cl2(2×)提取。将合并的有机提取物用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。使用含EtOAc的己烷通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法19
方法A
在氮气气氛下,在室温下,将磺酰氯(1eq.)、2-叔丁基-1,1,3,3-四甲基胍(5eq.)和噻唑胺或噻二唑胺(1eq.)在乙腈中的溶液(0.3-0.5M)搅拌19小时。使用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
方法B
在氮气气氛下,在室温下,将磺酰氯(1eq.)、DABCO(5eq.)和噻唑胺或噻二唑胺胺(1eq.)在乙腈中的溶液(0.3-0.5M)搅拌19小时。使用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
方法C
在氮气气氛下,在室温下,将磺酰氯(1eq.)和噻唑胺或噻二唑胺(1eq.)在吡啶中的溶液(0.3-0.5M)搅拌19小时。使用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
方法D
将磺酰氯(1eq.)、磷腈碱P1-t-Bu-四(亚四甲基)(5eq.)和噻唑胺或噻二唑胺(1eq.)在乙腈(0.3-0.5M)中的溶液在氮气气氛下在室温下搅拌19小时。使用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法20
将4-溴-苯磺酰胺(1eq.)、吡咯烷-2-酮(1.2eq.)、碘化铜(I)(10mol%)、N,N’-二甲基乙二胺(20mol%)和K2CO3(4eq.)在微波小瓶中合并并置于氮气气氛下。加入NMP(0.4M),使用微波照射将反应混合物加热到200℃历时30分钟。冷却到室温后,将反应混合物用DMSO/MeOH(1∶1)稀释,并采用10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)进行反相HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
路线4
(R)-S-乙基2-(2,2-二甲基-5-氧代-1,3-二氧杂戊环-4-基)乙烷硫代酸酯(thioate)
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在5分钟内向搅拌的(R)-(-)-二甲基-5-氧代-1,2-二氧杂戊环-4-乙酸(3.5g,20mmol)和CH2Cl2(40mL)的悬浮液中滴加异戊酰基氯甲酸酯(2.9mL,22mmol)。将混合物在0℃搅拌10分钟。在0℃滴加三乙胺(5.5mL,40mmol),然后滴加乙硫醇(3.4mL,44mmol)。将粉色的混合物在0℃搅拌10分钟。向反应中加入Et2O(40mL),并将混合物过滤。将滤液用1.0N的HCl水溶液(20mL)、0.1NNaOH水溶液(20mL)、H2O(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤。将有机溶液减压蒸干,获得所需的硫酯,为澄清的油(3.4g,16mmol,82%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.71-4.65(m,1H),3.91-3.81(m,1H),3.11-2.70(m,3H),1.53(s,3H),1.50(s,3H),0.87-0.86(m,3H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=219.4;tR=1.33分钟。
一般方法21
在氮气气氛下,在25℃,在10分钟内向搅拌的(R)-S-乙基2-(2,2-二甲基-5-氧代-1,3-二氧杂戊环-4-基)乙烷硫代酸酯(1当量)、10%炭载钯(470mg)和CH2Cl2(0.5-1M)的混合物中滴加三乙基硅烷(1.5当量)。将混合物在25℃搅拌1小时。将混合物过滤并将滤液减压蒸干,得到所需的醛,为澄清的油。将醛加入到搅拌的磺胺噻唑(0.5当量)、MeOH(1M)和三氟乙酸(0.1M)的混合物中。在10分钟内向该溶液中分次加入氢化硼钠(2.5当量)。将混合物搅拌10分钟并减压蒸发。使用含5%MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的胺。
(R)-4-(2-(2,2-二甲基-5-氧代-1,3-二氧杂戊环-4-基)乙基氨基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法21合成。在氮气下,在25℃,在10分钟内向搅拌的(R)-S-乙基2-(2,2-二甲基-5-氧代-1,3-二氧杂戊环-4-基)乙烷硫代酸酯(1.9g,8.7mmol)、10%炭载钯(470mg)和CH2Cl2(20mL)的混合物中滴加三乙基硅烷(2.08mL,13.0mmol)。将混合物在25℃搅拌1小时。将混合物过滤并将滤液减压蒸干,得到所需的醛,为澄清的油(1.2g)。将醛加入到搅拌的磺胺噻唑(1.1g,4.3mmol)、MeOH(25mL)和三氟乙酸(2.5mL)的混合物中。在10分钟内向该溶液中分次加入氢化硼钠(813mg,21.4mmol)。将混合物搅拌10分钟并减压蒸发。使用含5%MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的胺,为白色固体(1.5g,3.9mmol,45%收率)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=398.3;tR=1.18分钟。
一般方法22
将苯磺酰胺(1当量)、对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.1当量)和THF(0.5-1M)的溶液在80℃搅拌3小时。将该混合物减压浓缩至干。使用含5%MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酰胺。
(R)-4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法22合成。将(R)-4-(2-(2,2-二甲基-5-氧代-1,3-二氧杂戊环-4-基)乙基氨基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯-磺酰胺(833mg,2.15mmol)、对甲苯磺酸一水合物(42mg g,0.22mmol)和THF(10mL)的溶液在80℃搅拌3小时。将混合物减压浓缩至干。使用含5%MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酰胺,为白色固体(496g,1.4mmol,65%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.85(dd,J=2.1,6.9Hz,4H),7.25(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),5.83(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.32(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.77(dd,J=1.9,9.0Hz,1H),3.71-3.69(m,1H),2.41-2.38(m,1H),1.84(dd,J=9.2,12.3Hz,1H)。)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=340.2;tR=0.50分钟。
一般方法23
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向搅拌的N-苯磺酰胺(1当量)在CH2Cl2(0.5-1M)中的悬浮液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1当量),然后加入烯丙基溴(1当量)。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌19小时。将混合物减压蒸干。使用含50%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的磺酰胺。
(R)-N-烯丙基-4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法23合成。在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向搅拌的(R)-4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(200mg,0.59mmol)在CH2Cl2(0.50mL)中的悬浮液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.10mL,0.59mmol),然后加入烯丙基溴(51uL,0.59mmol)。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌19小时。将混合物减压蒸干。使用含50%EtOAc的己烷对残余物通过硅胶进行纯化,得到所需的磺酰胺,为白色固体(220mg,0.57mmol,96%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.86-7.80(m,4H),7.37(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),5.92-5.83(m,2H),5.17(dd,J=1.3,10.3Hz,1H),4.98(q,J=1.4Hz,1H),4.55(dt,J=5.3,1.7Hz,2H),4.36-4.30(m,1H),3.81-3.76(m,1H),3.70(td,J=9.5,5.4Hz,1H),2.45-2.38(m,1H),1.90-1.80(m,1H)。
一般方法24
在氮气气氛下,在-78℃,将2,2,2-三氟乙酸酐(1当量)滴加到苯胺(1当量)、三乙胺(1当量)和CH2Cl2的溶液(0.6M)中。使反应经30分钟回温到室温。在减压蒸发溶剂后,使用7/3的己烷/EtOAc通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法25
将乙酰胺(1当量)和氯磺酸(5当量)的混合物在155℃加热15分钟。冷却到室温后,将混合物倾入到冰水中并用EtOAc提取。将有机层浓缩并使用7/3的己烷/EtOAc通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法26
在氮气气氛下,将磺酰氯(1mmol)和氨基杂环(1mmol)和吡啶(1.0mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌19小时。使用含MeOH的CH2Cl2对粗产物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化。
一般方法27
将磺酰胺(1当量)、NaOH(10当量)和H2O的溶液(0.25M)在室温下搅拌1小时,然后冷却到0℃。加入乙酸(10当量),并将反应在0℃搅拌20分钟。将形成的沉淀物滤出并真空干燥,得到所需的产物。
一般方法28
在氮气气氛下,在室温下,在5分钟内向磺胺噻唑(1-1.2eq.)在CH2Cl2(0.5M)中的溶液中加入三甲基铝在己烷中的溶液(2.0M,1-1.2eq.)。在室温下搅拌20分钟后,在10分钟内加入内酯(1eq.)在CH2Cl2中的溶液(0.4M)。在室温或回流下继续搅拌18-36小时,然后将反应混合物冷却到0℃,并通过小心加入1M HCl水溶液淬灭。分离各相,水相用CH2Cl2(2×)提取。将合并的有机提取物用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。通过HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法29
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向偶氮二甲酸二叔丁基酯(2-4eq.)在THF中的黄色溶液(0.4M)中慢慢加入三丁基膦(2-4eq.),将生成的无色的Mitsunobu试剂的溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后在氮气气氛下在0℃向溶液中加入酰胺醇(1eq.)在THF中的溶液(0.3M)。将反应混合物在该温度搅拌10分钟,并通过添加饱和的NaHCO3水溶液进行淬灭。加入EtOAc,分离各相,并将水层用EtOAc(2×)提取。将合并的有机提取物用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。进行Gilson HPLC纯化,得到所需的产物。
路线5
一般方法30
在氮气气氛下,在5℃(冰浴),向搅拌的磺酰胺(1eq.)和DMF的溶液(0.6M)中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1eq.)。在10分钟内向该溶液中分次加入4-氟苯磺酰氯(1eq.)。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌20分钟。向该溶液中加入MeOH。将混合物通过冰浴冷却到5℃并搅拌30分钟。将生成的沉淀物过滤,用MeOH洗涤并真空干燥,得到所需的双磺酰胺。
((R)-4-氟-N-(4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法30合成。在氮气气氛下,在5℃(冰浴),向搅拌的(R)-4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(5.0g,14.8mmol)和DMF(25mL)的溶液中加入二异丙基乙胺(2.5mL,14.8mmol)。在10分钟内向该溶液中分次加入4-氟苯磺酰氯(2.9g,14.8mmol)。将该溶液在环境温度下搅拌20分钟。向该溶液中加入MeOH(75mL)。将混合物通过冰浴冷却到5℃并搅拌30分钟。将沉淀物过滤,用MeOH(20mL)洗涤并真空干燥,得到所需的磺酰胺,为白色固体(6.5g,13.1mmol,89%收率)。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.03-7.96(m,2H),7.83-7.80(m,2H),7.72(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=1.8,7.1Hz,1H),7.59(s,1H),7.37(s,1H),7.37(dd,J=2.0,15.6Hz,1H),7.02(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),5.88(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.38-4.32(m,1H),3.83-3.78(m,1H),3.71(td,J=9.5,5.4Hz,1H),2.52-2.42(m,1H),1.87(td,J=9.4,4.1Hz,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=498.3;tR=1.32分钟。
一般方法31
方法A。在氮气气氛下,将醇(1.0mmol,1.0eq.)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.0mmol,3.0eq.)和CH2Cl2(5.0mL)的搅拌的悬浮液冷却到-20℃。在10分钟内滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1.5mmol,1.5eq.)。将该悬浮液在-20℃搅拌1小时。在5分钟内滴加胺(1.0mmol,1.0eq.)和CH2Cl2(2.0mL)的溶液。将混合物在-20℃搅拌1.5小时。在5分钟内滴加吗啉(2.0mmol,2.0当量)。将混合物在-20℃搅拌2小时。使溶液回温到室温并减压浓缩至干。对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的产物。
方法B。在氮气气氛下,将醇(1.0mmol,1eq.)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol,2eq.)和CH2Cl2(7.5mL)的搅拌的悬浮液冷却到-40℃。在10分钟内滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1.1mmol,1.1eq.)。将悬浮液在-40℃搅拌1小时。在10分钟内滴加胺(1.5mmol,1.5eq.)和CH2Cl2(0.5mL)的溶液。使混合物在6小时内慢慢地回温到室温。加入水(20μL)并使混合物过滤通过硅胶床(5g),然后采用CH2Cl2(20mL)。将滤液减压蒸干。将残余物溶于无水THF(5mL)。在氮气气氛下,在25℃,向该搅拌的溶液中加入一次性氟化四丁基铵(1.0M,在THF中,1.0mmol,1eq.)。将溶液在25℃搅拌30分钟,然后减压浓缩至干。对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到产物。
方法C。在氮气气氛下,在-20℃,将醇(1.0mmol,1eq.)在DCM(5mL)中的溶液搅拌。向反应混合物中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol,2eq.),然后滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1.2mmol,1.2eq.)。将反应在-20℃搅拌1小时。将胺(1.5mmol,1.5eq.)和氢化钠(60%的在矿物油中的分散体,0.9mmol,0.9eq.)在DCM(1.25mL)中的溶液加入到反应混合物中并在-20℃继续搅拌。使反应回温到室温并搅拌过夜。将反应混合物冷却到-20℃。将吗啉(2.0mmol,2eq.)加入到反应混合物中并在氮气气氛下在-20℃继续搅拌1小时。将反应进行硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到所需的产物。
4-((S)-3-((S)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法31,方法A合成。在氮气气氛下,将搅拌的((R)-4-氟-N-(4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(1.07g,2.15mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.15mL,6.50mmol)和CH2Cl2(10.0mL)的悬浮液冷却到-20℃。在10分钟内滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(545μL,3.25mmol)。将悬浮液在-20℃搅拌1小时。在5分钟内滴加(S)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉(500mg,2.15mmol)[2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉的该对映体通过其外消旋混合物的制备性SFC分离被获得:Chiralpak AD-H柱(2×15cm),50%乙醇(0.1%DEA)/CO2,50mL/min)]和CH2Cl2(2.0mL)的溶液。将混合物在-20℃搅拌1.5小时。在5分钟内滴加吗啉(375μL,4.30mmol)。将混合物在-20℃搅拌2小时。使溶液回温到室温并减压浓缩至干。使用含2%MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酰胺,为白色固体(814mg,1.48mmol,69%收率)。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.85-7.78(m,4H),7.54(t,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=1.9,9.9Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.80-3.65(m,4H),3.01-2.89(m,2H),2.70-2.65(m,1H),2.51-2.45(m,1H),2.27-2.22(m,1H),2.12-2.07(m,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=553.3;tR=1.44分钟。SFC(Chiralpak AS-H,(0.46×25cm),55%甲醇(1%DEA)/CO2,3mL/min):tR=6.8分钟。
4-((S)-3-((R)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法31,方法A合成。在氮气气氛下,将搅拌的((R)-4-氟-N-(4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(500mg,1.00mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(465μL,3.00mmol)和CH2Cl2(5.0mL)的悬浮液冷却到-20℃。在10分钟内滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(220μL,1.3mmol)。将悬浮液在-20℃搅拌1小时。在5分钟内滴加(R)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉(248mg,1.00mmol)[2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉的该对映体通过其外消旋混合物的制备性SFC分离被获得:ChiralpakAD-H柱(2×25cm),50%乙醇(0.1%DEA)/CO2,50mL/min)]和CH2Cl2(1.0mL)的溶液。将混合物在-20℃搅拌1.5小时。在5分钟内滴加吗啉(174μL,2.0mmol)。将混合物在-20℃搅拌2小时。使溶液回温到室温并减压浓缩至干。使用含2%MeOH的CH2Cl2对残余物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到所需的内酰胺,为白色固体(420mg,0.76mmol,76%收率)。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.71(s,1H),7.84-7.77(m,4H),7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.44(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.57(dd,J=1.7,9.8Hz,1H),3.97-3.91(m,1H),3.79-3.62(m,4H),3.21-3.17(m,1H),2.95-2.86(m,2H),2.69-2.66(m,1H),2.22-2.12(m,2H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=553.3;tR=1.45分钟。SFC(Chiralpak AS-H,(0.46×25cm),55%甲醇(1%DEA)/CO2,3mL/min):tR=5.6分钟。
4-((S)-3-((R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺.
根据一般方法31,方法A合成。在氮气气氛下,在-20℃,向(R)-4-氟-N-(4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯-磺酰胺(540mg,1.10mmol)在无水DCM(5.0mL)中的溶液中连续地加入DIEA(0.57mL,3.24mmol),然后滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(460mg,0.27mL,1.62mmol)。将混合物在该温度下搅拌1小时,然后在-20℃滴加在无水DCM(2.0mL)中的(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉(250mg,1.08mmol)。将混合物在该温度下搅拌1小时。在-20℃滴加吗啉(0.18mL,0.30mmol)。将混合物在该温度下搅拌1小时。除去溶剂并将获得的残余物进行硅胶柱色谱法(含0.5-10%MeOH的DCM)纯化,得到产物,为白色固体(210mg,35%收率)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=553.0;tR=1.37分钟。1H NMR(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.96-7.91(m,2H),7.77(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.50(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.22-7.16(m,1H),6.55-6.53(m,1H),4.59(dd,J=2.2,10.1Hz,1H),4.17-4.06(m,1H),3.94-3.75(m,4H),3.71-3.66(m,1H),3.02(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.86(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.73-2.64(m,2H),2.38-2.31(m,1H)和2.24-2.14(m,1H)。
一般方法32
向搅拌的2-氯乙酰胺(1.0mmol,1eq.)和乙醇(2.8mL)的溶液中加入氢氧化钾(2.0mmol,2eq.)在乙醇(2.3mL)中的溶液。将混合物通过微波在100℃加热20分钟。将溶液减压蒸发并用二氯甲烷和水进行分配。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压蒸发。与热乙酸乙酯研磨,得到所需的吗啉-3-酮。
一般方法33
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在5分钟内向搅拌的吗啉-3-酮(1.0mmol,1eq.)和乙醇(3.75mL)的溶液中滴加硼烷四氢呋喃复合物(1.0M,在THF中,1.0mmol,1eq.)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌另外的5小时,然后通过在5分钟内滴加水淬灭。用浓HCl水溶液将pH调节到pH 0,并搅拌5分钟。用2M的NaOH水溶液将pH调节pH 13,然后用二氯甲烷(10mL)分配。分离有机相,将水相用二氯甲烷(3×10mL)提取。将合并的有机提取物用MgSO4干燥并减压蒸发。加入HCl在1,4-二氧杂环己烷中的溶液(4M,1mmol,1eq.),将生成的混合物减压蒸发。将残余物从MeOH/Et2O结晶,得到所需的产物。
一般方法34
在氮气气氛下,在5℃,向搅拌的胺(1.0mmol,1eq.)、三乙胺(1.0mmol,1eq.)、(R)-(-)-α-OMe-苯基乙酸(1.0mmol,1eq.)和CH2Cl2(1.0mL)的溶液中加入HATU(1.0mmol,1eq.)。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌1小时。通过硅胶色谱法纯化和分离,得到两个不同的非对映体,对其进行任意归属。
(R)-1-((R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮和(R)-1-((S)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮
根据一般方法34合成。在氮气气氛下,在5℃,向搅拌2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉(1.0g,4.3mmol)、三乙胺(435mg,600μL,4.3mmol)、(R)-(-)-α-OMe-苯基乙酸(715mg,4.3mmol)和CH2Cl2(5mL)的溶液中加入HATU(1.6g,4.3mmol)。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌1小时。使用含50%EtOAc的己烷对溶液通过硅胶进行纯化,得到非对映体混合物(1.9g)。使用含20%EtOAc的己烷对混合物通过硅胶进行纯化,获得任意归属的(R,R)-产物(620mg,1.6mmol,76%收率)和(R,S)-产物(620mg,1.6mmol,76%收率),为澄清的油。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),(R,R)m/z:M+1观测值=380.3;tR=1.84分钟。(R,S)m/z:M+1观测值=380.3;tR=1.89分钟。
(R)-1-((R)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮和(R)-1-((S)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮
根据一般方法34合成。在氮气气氛下,在5℃,向搅拌的2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉草酸盐(50mg,0.16mmol)、三乙胺(22μL,0.16mmol)、(R)-(-)-α-OMe-苯基乙酸(26mg,0.16mmol)和CH2Cl2(0.5mL)的溶液中加入HATU(58mg,0.16mmol)。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌1小时。使用含20-50%EtOAc的己烷对溶液通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,得到(R,R)-产物(第一次洗脱,24mg,81%收率)和(R,S)-产物(第二次洗脱,25mg,85%收率),为澄清的油。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),(R,R)m/z:M+1观测值=380.3;tR=2.05分钟。(R,S)m/z:M+1观测值=380.3;tR=1.96分钟。
一般方法35
在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在10分钟内向搅拌的酰胺(1.0mmol,1eq.)和THF(5.5mL)的溶液中滴加三乙基氢化硼锂(Super-hydride)在THF(1.0M,6.3mmol,6.3eq.)中的溶液。将溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟。将溶液倾入到1M的HCl水溶液(15mL)中。然后将溶液用NH4OH碱化并用CH2Cl2(3×30mL)提取。通过硅胶色谱法纯化得到对映纯的胺。
(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉
根据一般方法35合成。在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在10分钟内向搅拌的(R)-1-((R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-吗啉基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮(620mg,1.63mmol)和THF(9mL)的溶液中滴加三乙基氢化硼锂在THF(1.0M,10.3mL,10.3mmol)中的溶液。将溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟。将溶液倾入到1M的HCl水溶液(20mL)中。然后将溶液用NH4OH碱化并用CH2Cl2(3×50mL)提取。使用含10%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的吗啉,被任意归属为(R)构型,为澄清的油(290mg,1.3mmol,80%收率)。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50-7.49(m,2H),7.19(dd,J=1.6,8.3Hz,1H),4.47(dd,J=2.4,10.4Hz,1H),4.09(s,1H),4.08(dd,J=1.9,12.9Hz,1H),3.82-3.75(m,1H),3.09(dd,J=2.5,12.5Hz,1H),2.97(dd,J=3.1,10.2Hz,2H),2.72-2.69(m,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=232.3;tR=0.67分钟。
(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)环氧乙烷
在位于水浴中并装备有机械搅拌器、热电偶和1L加料漏斗的5L的3颈烧瓶中,在氮气气氛下,在室温下,使用氮气压力经由套管加入(3aR)-1-甲基-3,3-二苯基-3a,4,5,6-四氢吡咯并[1,2-c][1,3,2]噁唑硼烷(49.8mL,1M,49.8mmol),然后加入硼烷-四氢呋喃复合物(897g,999mL,1M,999mmol)。在搅拌混合物15分钟后,在6小时内以2-4mL/min的速率滴加2-溴-3′,4′,二氯苯乙酮(267g,997mmol)在THF(1.0L)中的溶液,保持罐内温度<25℃。在加料后将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。通过在10分钟内滴加甲醇(202mL,4.98mol)将反应淬灭。向混合物中小心地加入NaOH(997mL,2M,1.99mol)(轻微升温到35℃),将混合物在室温搅拌1小时。将混合物转移到分液漏斗中并分离各相。将有机相真空浓缩,然后用600mL的MTBE稀释。将水相用600mL的MTBE提取并将有机相与第一个有机相合并。将合并的有机相用1L的盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤通过赛力特硅藻土,并真空浓缩,得到(2R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)环氧乙烷(184g,98%),为粘稠的油。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54-7.38(m,3H),7.14(dd,J=2.2,8.0Hz,1H),3.84(dd,J=2.8,4.0Hz,1H),3.17(dd,J=4.0,5.2Hz,1H),2.77-2.71(m,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),未观察到离子;tR=1.57分钟。
(R)-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-(2-羟基乙基氨基)乙醇
在位于周围环境温度水浴中并装备有机械搅拌器、热电偶和加料漏斗的3颈烧瓶中加入乙醇胺(330mL,5.47mol)。在1小时内滴加在异丙醇(75mL)中的(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)环氧乙烷(184g,976mmol)。在加料期间使反应温度保持<30℃。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌14小时,用2000mL的冰水稀释并用1000mL的乙酸乙酯提取三次。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥,过滤通过赛力特硅藻土并真空浓缩,得到(1R)-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-乙醇(244g,100%),为白色的半固体。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58-7.54(m,2H),7.35-7.32(m,1H),5.51(s,1H),4.64(dd,J=5.0,7.2Hz,1H),4.49(s,1H),3.43(dd,J=5.0,10.4Hz,2H),2.69-2.50(m,4H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=250.3;tR=0.84分钟。
(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-羟基乙基(2-羟基乙基)-氨甲酸叔丁基酯
在装备有机械搅拌器、热电偶和加料漏斗的3颈烧瓶中加入(R)-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-(2-羟基乙基氨基)乙醇(370g,1.48mol),然后加入DCM(1.48L)。使用加料漏斗加入(Boc)2O(307g,323mL,1.41mol)在500mL的DCM中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。将混合物用1000mL的水洗涤,用1000mL的盐水洗涤两次,用MgSO4干燥,过滤通过赛力特硅藻土并真空浓缩,得到(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-羟基乙基(2-羟基乙基)-氨甲酸叔丁基酯(518g,100%),为粘稠的、泡沫状的油。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.59(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.51(s,1H),7.27(t,J=8Hz,1H),5.74-5.70(m,1H),4.76-4.70(m,2H),3.49-3.24(m,4H),1.26(s,9H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=350.3;tR=1.64分钟。
(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉
在使用水浴并装备有机械搅拌器、热电偶和加料漏斗的3颈烧瓶中加入(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-羟基乙基(2-羟基乙基)-氨甲酸叔丁基酯(588g,1.679mol),然后加入MTBE(2.5L)。向混合物中加入三苯基膦(528g,467mL,2.02mol),然后滴加N-异丙氧基羰基亚氨基氨甲酸酯(407g,390mL,2.02mol)。在加料期间,将反应温度逐渐增加至回流。使反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌1小时。发生沉淀,并用冰浴将混合物冷却到15℃。将生成的沉淀物过滤,并将滤饼用2L的MTBE洗涤。将滤液真空浓缩到大约2L并送返到反应容器。加入HCl(1.26L,4M,在二氧杂环己烷中,5.04mol)并将混合物在55℃搅拌3小时。发生冒泡。使混合物在室温下搅拌10小时并用1L的5M NaOH淬灭。分离各相,并将有机相用1L的盐水洗涤,真空浓缩得到油,其是98%ee(手性HPLC)。在装备有机械搅拌器、热电偶和加热罩的3颈烧瓶中使用冰醋酸(2.5L)加入粗黄色油,将溶液加热,并向混合物中加入(2R,3R)-2,3-二[(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氧基]丁二酸(649g,1.68mol),得到白色浆料。将混合物加热至回流,得到澄清的琥珀色溶液。使用转移管和作为过滤器的过程(course)喷射管将混合物真空转移到干净的5L烧瓶中。将混合物引晶并在周围环境温度下使其冷却到~45℃,然后使用冰浴冷却到12℃。将生成的混合物过滤通过中型烧结漏斗漏斗并用500mL的冰醋酸洗涤。将滤饼用MTBE(500mL两次)成浆,过滤并干燥,得到(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉(2R,3R)-2,3-二[(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氧基]丁二酸盐(233g),为白色固体。将合并的母液真空浓缩到2L。使溶液静置12小时,过滤并将滤饼用1L的MTBE洗涤。这得到另外186g的产物,产物总共为419g(40%,>99%ee)。为了制备游离碱,将盐(178g,288mmol)加入到2L的锥形依氏烧瓶中并用1L的MTBE稀释。加入2M NaOH(400mL)并将混合物搅拌直到澄清。分离有机相并将水相用500mL的MTBE提取。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩,得到游离碱(R)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-吗啉(66g,100%),为无色的油。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50-7.49(m,2H),7.19(dd,J=1.6,8.3Hz,1H),4.47(dd,J=2.4,10.4Hz,1H),4.09(s,1H),4.08(dd,J=1.9,12.9Hz,1H),3.82-3.75(m,1H),3.09(dd,J=2.5,12.5Hz,1H),2.97(dd,J=3.1,10.2Hz,2H),2.72-2.69(m,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=232.3;tR=0.67分钟。手性HPLC(Astec ChirobioticV2柱(25cm×4.6mm,5um),100%甲醇(0.1%NH4TFA,1.5mL/min)tR(R)=10.81分钟;tR(S)=13.65分钟。
(S)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)吗啉
根据一般方法35合成。在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在10分钟内向搅拌的(R)-1-((S)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-吗啉基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮(620mg,1.63mmol)和THF(9mL)的溶液中滴加Super-hydride在THF(1.0M,10.3mL,10.3mmol)中的溶液。将溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟。将溶液倾入到1M的HCl水溶液(20mL)中。然后将溶液用NH4OH碱化并用CH2Cl2(3×50mL)提取。使用含10%MeOH的CH2Cl2通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化,获得所需的吗啉,被任意归属为(S)构型,为澄清的油(250mg,1.1mmol,67%收率)。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50-7.49(m,2H),7.19(dd,J=1.6,8.3Hz,1H),4.47(dd,J=2.4,10.4Hz,1H),4.09(s,1H),4.08(dd,J=1.9,12.9Hz,1H),3.82-3.75(m,1H),3.09(dd,J=2.5,12.5Hz,1H),2.97(dd,J=3.1,10.2Hz,2H),2.72-2.69(m,1H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=232.3;tR=0.65分钟。
(S)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)吗啉
根据一般方法35合成。在氮气气氛下,在0℃,在10分钟内向搅拌的(R)-1-((S)-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-吗啉基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮(24mg,0.06mmol)和THF(2.2mL)中溶液中滴加三乙基氢化硼锂在THF(1.0M,0.4mL,0.4mmol)中的溶液。将溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟。将溶液倾入到2M的HCl水溶液(3mL)中并用乙醚(3×3mL)洗涤。水相经浓缩并通过制备性HPLC纯化。测定的ee>98%。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=232.1;tR=1.04分钟。SFC(Chiralpak IA,(0.46×25cm),35%甲醇(0.1%DEA)/CO2,3mL/min):tR(S)=2.0分钟,tR(R)=3.39分钟。
一般方法36
在氮气气氛下,将芳基溴化物(1.0mmol,1eq.)、3-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯(1.3mmol,1.3eq.)、2M Na2CO3水溶液(2.1mmol,2.1eq.)和Pd(PPh3)4(4mol%)在无水甲苯(10mL)中的混合物在80℃搅拌过夜。将反应冷却到室温,用水(5ml)和乙酸乙酯(10ml)稀释。分离有机相,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并减压浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到产物。
3-(3,5-二氯苯基)吡啶
根据一般方法36合成。在氮气气氛下,将1-溴-3,5-二氯-苯(424mg,1.88mmol)、3-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯(500mg,2.44mmol)、2M Na2CO3水溶液(1.96mL,3.93mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(89mg,4mol%)在无水甲苯(18mL)中的混合物在80℃搅拌过夜。将反应冷却到室温,用水(5ml)和乙酸乙酯(10ml)稀释。分离有机相,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并减压浓缩,得到浅黄色油,将其通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到3-(3,5-二氯苯基)吡啶(481mg,74%),为白色固体.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.81(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.65(dd,J=1.4,4.8Hz,1H),7.85-7.82(m,1H),7.46(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.41-7.38(m,2H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=224.3;tR=1.21分钟。
一般方法37
使用Parr振荡器,在PtO2(0.6mmol,0.6eq.)的存在下,在60psi的H2下,搅拌吡啶(1.0mmol,1eq.)在MeOH(2mL)和2M HCl(0.3mL)中的溶液历时3小时。将反应混合物过滤通过赛力特硅藻土并将滤饼用MeOH充分洗涤。将滤液减压浓缩,得到所需产物。
3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶盐酸盐
根据一般方法37合成。使用Parr振荡器,在PtO2(283mg,1.246mmol)的存在下,在60psi的H2下,搅拌3-(3,5-二氯苯基)-吡啶(481mg,2.15mmol)在MeOH(4.6mL)和2M HCl(0.6mL)中的溶液历时3小时。将反应混合物过滤通过赛力特硅藻土,并将滤饼用MeOH充分洗涤。将滤液减压浓缩,得到3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶盐酸盐(564mg,92%)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=230.3;tR=1.14分钟。
(R)-1-((R)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮和(R)-1-((S)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮
根据一般方法34合成。在室温下向3-(3,5-二氯苯基)-哌啶盐酸盐(527mg,1.98mmol)、(R)-(-)-α-甲氧基-苯基乙酸(329mg,1.98mmol)和三乙胺(400mg,0.55mL,3.95mmol)在无水DCM(9mL)中的溶液中一次性加入HATU(752mg,1.98mmol)。在1小时后,除去溶剂,将残余物进行硅胶柱色谱法纯化(含15%乙酸乙酯的己烷)。洗脱的第一个级分被任意归属为(R)-1-((R)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮(222mg,30%),洗脱的第二个级分被任意地归属为(R)-1-((S)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮(220mg,30%)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=278.3;tR(R,R)=2.06分钟,tR(R,S)=2.00分钟。
(S)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶
根据一般方法35合成。在氮气气氛下,在0℃,向(R)-1-((S)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酮(98mg,0.26mmol)在无水THF(9mL)中的溶液中滴加Super-hydride(1.0M,在THF中,1.63mL,1.63mmol)。将溶液在0℃搅拌2小时,然后倾入到2M的HCl水溶液(3mL)中。将水相用Et2O洗涤两次(2×3ml),然后通过在0℃加入NH4OH被碱化。将产物用DCM(3×3ml)提取,将有机相合并,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后减压浓缩,得到3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶(59mg,67%),其被任意地归属为(S)-构型,为浅黄色油。该物质直接使用无需进一步纯化。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.22(s,1H),7.20(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),3.17-3.05(m,2H),2.65-2.57(m,3H),2.01-1.96(m,1H),1.81-1.77(m,1H),1.60-1.53(m,2H),1.60-1.53(m,2H)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=230.3;tR=1.10分钟。
一般方法38
在氮气气氛下,在-40℃,向醇(1.0mmol,1eq.)在二氯甲烷(3mL)中的溶液中中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.0mmol,3eq.),然后加入三氟甲磺酸酐(2.0mmol,2eq.)。将反应搅拌1小时,保持温度为-40℃到-50℃。加入胺(1.5mmol,1.5eq.)在二氯甲烷(1.5mL)中的溶液。使反应慢慢地回温到室温并搅拌过夜。使用硅胶色谱进行粗物质的纯化,得到所需的产物。
一般方法39
在室温下向双磺酰胺(1.0mmol,1eq.)在无水乙腈(10mL)中的溶液中滴加吗啉(2.0mmol,2eq.)。将反应混合物搅拌15分钟,然后除去溶剂,将获得的残余物进行硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到所述产物。
4-((S)-3-((S)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(4-氟苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法38合成。在氮气气氛下,在-45℃,向(R)-4-氟-N-(4-(3-羟基-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯-磺酰胺(144mg,0.29mmol)在无水DCM(0.95mL)中的溶液中连续加入DIEA(113mg,0.15mL,0.87mmol),然后滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(164mg,0.098mL,0.58mmol)。将混合物在该温度下搅拌1小时,然后滴加在无水DCM(0.5mL)中的3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶(88mg,0.44mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌过夜,使温度逐渐回温到室温。减压除去溶剂并将获得的残余物进行硅胶柱色谱法纯化(含20-100%乙酸乙酯的己烷),提供产物(107mg,52%)。所述哌啶的构型被任意地归属为(S)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=709.5;tR=1.66分钟。
4-((S)-3-((R)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(4-氟苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺
根据一般方法39合成。在室温下,向4-((S)-3-((S)-3-(3,5-二氯苯基)哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(4-氟苯基磺酰基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺(107mg,0.15mmol)在无水乙腈(1.45mL)中的溶液中滴加吗啉(26mg,26μL,0.30mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌15分钟,然后除去溶剂,并将获得的残余物进行硅胶柱色谱法纯化(含0.5-10%MeOH的DCM),得到所述产物为白色固体(60mg,72%)。LC/MS(10%-99%CH3CN(0.035%TFA)/H2O(0.05%TFA)),m/z:M+1观测值=551.3;tR=1.31分钟。1H NMR(400.0MHz,DMSO)δ7.84-7.77(m,4H),7.43(t,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=1.9Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),3.80-3.70(m,3H),2.97(d,J=10.6Hz,1H),2.80-2.73(m,3H),2.33(dd,J=9.0,11.0Hz,1H),2.22-2.17(m,1H),2.09(dd,J=9.2,12.5Hz,1H),1.80(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),1.73-1.70(m,1H)和1.58-1.44(m,2H)。
以下表3描述了上表2中的化合物的分析数据。
表3.
化合物编号 | LC/MSM+1 | LC/RImin | HNMR(400.0MHz,CDCl3) |
1 | 553.3 | 1.42 | δ12.71(s,1H),7.84-7.77(m,4H),7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.44(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.57(dd,J=1.7,9.8Hz,1H),3.97-3.91(m,1H),3.79-3.62(m,4H),3.21-3.17(m,1H),2.95-2.86(m,2H),2.69-2.66(m,1H),2.22-2.12(m,2H) |
2 | 553 | 1.37 | δ7.96-7.91(m,2H),7.77(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.50(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.22-7.16(m,1H),6.55-6.53(m,1H),4.59(dd,J=2.2,10.1Hz,1H),4.17-4.06(m,1H),3.94-3.75(m,4H),3.71-3.66(m,1H),3.02(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.86(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.73-2.64(m,2H),2.38-2.31(m,1H)和2.24-2.14(m,1H) |
3 | 551 | 1.32 | δ7.84-7.77(m,4H),7.43(t,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=1.9Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),3.80-3.70(m,3H),2.97(d,J=10.6Hz,1H),2.80-2.73(m,3H),2.33(dd,J=9.0,11.0Hz,1H),2.22-2.17(m,1H),2.09(dd,J=9.2,12.5Hz,1H),1.80(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),1.73-1.70(m,1H)和1.58-1.44(m,2H) |
4 | 553 | 1.37 | |
5 | 553 | 1.44 | δ7.85-7.78(m,4H),7.54(t,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=1.9,9.9Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.80-3.65(m,4H),3.01-2.89(m,2H),2.70-2.65(m,1H),2.51-2.45(m,1H),2.27-2.22(m,1H),2.12-2.07(m,1H) |
6 | 551 | 1.32 |
用于检测和测量化合物的NaV抑制性质的试验
测试化合物的NaV抑制性质的光学方法:
本发明的化合物可用作电压门控钠离子通道的拮抗剂。如下进行评价供试化合物的拮抗剂性质。将表达感兴趣的NaV的细胞置于微量滴定板中。在温育一段时间后,用对跨膜电位敏感的荧光染料将细胞染色。将供试化合物加入到微量滴定板中。将细胞用化学方法或电方法进行刺激,以引发从未被阻断的通道发生NaV依赖性膜电位改变,这使用跨膜电位敏感材料被检测和测量。拮抗剂被检测作为对刺激的降低的膜电位应答。采用电压敏感型FRET传感器的光学膜电位试验由Gonzalez和Tsien描述(参见,Gonzalez,J.E.和R.Y.Tsien(1995)“Voltage sensing byfluorescence resonance energy transfer in single cells”Biophys J 69(4):1272-80,以及Gonzalez,J.E.和R.Y.Tsien(1997)“Improved indicatorsof cell membrane potential that use fluorescence resonance energytransfer”Chem Biol 4(4):269-77),并结合使用用于测量荧光变化的仪器诸如电压/离子探针读出器(参见,Gonzalez,J.E.,K.Oades等人(1999)“Ceu-based assays and instrumentation for screeningion-channel targets”Drug Discov Today 4(9):431-439)。
细胞处理和染料装载
在测试之前24小时,将内源性表达NaV1.2型电压门控NaV的VIPR、CHO细胞以60,000个细胞/孔接种于96孔的涂有聚赖氨酸的板上。以类似的方式在表达感兴趣的NaV的细胞系中实施其它的亚型。
1)在测试当天,吸出培养基并将细胞用225μL的Bath Solution #2(BS#2)洗涤两次。
2)制备15uM CC2-DMPE溶液:将5mM香豆素储备溶液与10%普流罗尼克127以1∶1混合,然后将混合物溶解在适当体积的BS#2中。
3)在从96孔板中除去浴溶液之后,使用80μL的CC2-DMPE溶液装载细胞。在黑暗中,在室温下将板温育30分钟。
4)在细胞用香豆素染色的同时,制备在BS#2中的15μL的oxonol溶液。除了DiSBAC2(3)之外,该溶液还将包含0.75mM的ABSC1和30μL藜芦定(从10mM的EtOH储备溶液制备,Sigma #V-5754)。
5)在30分钟之后,除去CC2-DMPE,并将细胞用225μL的BS#2洗涤2次。如前所述,其余体积应为40μL。
6)在除去浴后,用80μL的DiSBAC2(3)溶液装载细胞,之后,从加药板中向每个孔中加入溶于DMSO中的供试化合物以实现所需的测试浓度并充分混合。孔的体积应该大致为121μL。然后将细胞温育20-30分钟。
7)当温育完成时,细胞随时可在使用钠反加(add back)规程的上进行测试。加入120μL的浴溶液#1以刺激NaV依赖性去极化。使用200μL丁卡因作为NaV通道阻断用拮抗剂阳性对照。
数据经过分析并报道为在460nm和580nm通道中测量的减去背景的发射强度的归一化比率。然后从每个测试通道中减去背景强度。通过在相同时段测量得自经过相同处理且不含细胞的测试孔的发射强度获得背景强度。然后将作为时间的函数的应答报道为使用下式获得的比率:
通过计算最初(Ri)和最终的(Rf)比率进一步折算数据。这些是在刺激前时段的部分或全部时间期间的平均比率,以及在刺激期间的在样本点期间的平均比率。然后计算对刺激的应答。对于Na+反加分析时窗,基线是2-7秒,在15-24秒获得最终的应答。
通过在具有所需性质的化合物(阳性对照)诸如丁卡因的存在下以及在缺乏药理学试剂(阴性对照)的情况下进行测试,以获得对照应答。对阴性(N)对照和阳性(P)对照的应答如上进行换算。这些化合物拮抗剂活性A被定义为:
其中R是供试化合物溶液的比率应答
溶液[mM]
浴溶液#1:NaCl 160,KCl 4.5,CaCl2 2,MgCl2 1,HEPES10,pH 7.4,含NaOH
浴溶液#2:TMA-Cl 160,CaCl2 0.1,MgCl2 1,HEPES 10,pH7.4,含KOH(最终K浓度~5mM)
CC2-DMPE:制备为在DMSO中的5mM储备溶液并储存在-20℃
DiSBAC2(3):制备为在DMSO中的12mM储备溶液并储存在-20℃
ABSC1:制备为在蒸馏水中的200mM储备溶液并储存在室温下
细胞培养
CHO细胞在DMEM(Dulbecco氏改进的Eagle培养基;GibcoBRL#10569-010)中生长,所述DMEM补充有10%FBS(胎牛血清,合格的;GibcoBRL #16140-071)和1%Pen-Strep(青霉素-链霉素;GibcoBRL #15140-122)。细胞在带开口的瓶帽的烧瓶中在90%湿度和10%CO2生长至100%汇合。它们通过胰酶消化1∶10或1∶20进行分裂,根据计划需要而定,并在下一次分裂之前生长2-3天。
以下是如何使用光学膜电位方法#2测量NaV1.3抑制活性的实施例。以类似的方式在表达感兴趣的NaV的细胞系中实施其它亚型。
将稳定表达NaV1.3的HEK293细胞铺板在96孔微量滴定板中。在适当的温育时段后,用如下的对电压敏感的染料CC2-DMPE/DiSBAC2(3)对细胞染色。
试剂:
100mg/mL普流罗尼克F-127(Sigma #P2443),在无水DMSO中
10mM DiSBAC2(3)(Aurora #00-100-010),在无水DMSO中
10mM CC2-DMPE(Aurora #00-100-008),在无水DMSO中
200mM ABSC1,在水中
Hank’s平衡盐液(Hyclone #SH30268.02),补充有10mM HEPES(Gibco #15630-080)
装载规程:
2X CC2-DMPE=20μM CC2-DMPE:将10mM CC2-DMPE与相等体积的10%普流罗尼克涡流,然后在所需求的量的含有10mMHEPES的HBSS中涡流。每个细胞板要求5mL的2X CC2-DMPE。将50μL的2X CC2-DMPE加入到含有经洗涤的细胞的孔中,得到10μM的最终的染色浓度。在黑暗中在室温下将细胞染色30分钟。
含有ABSC1的2X DISBAC2(3)=6μM DISBAC2(3)和1mMABSC1:将所需求的量的10mM DISBAC2(3)加入到50ml锥形管中并与1μL 10%普流罗尼克混合,用于要制备的每毫升的溶液并一起涡流。然后加入HBSS/HEPES以获得2X溶液。最后,加入ABSC1。
可使用2X DiSBAC2(3)溶液来使化合物板溶剂化。注意,该化合物板被制成在2X药物浓度下。再次洗涤被染色的板,留下50μL的其余体积。加入50uL/孔的2X DiSBAC2(3)w/ABSC1。在黑暗中在室温下染色30分钟。
使用的电刺激仪器和方法描述于离子通道测试方法PCT/US01/21652中,其作为参考并入本申请。所述仪器包括微量滴定板处理机,用于刺激香豆素染料并同时记录香豆素和oxonol发射的光学系统,波形发生器,电流或电压受控扩大器,和用于将电极插入孔内的装置。在集成计算机控制下,该仪器将由用户编程的电刺激规程传达到微量滴定板的孔内的细胞中。
试剂
测试缓冲剂#1
140mM NaCl,4.5mM KCl,2mM CaCl2,1mM MgCl2,10mM HEPES,10mM葡萄糖,pH 7.40,330mOsm
普流罗尼克储备液(1000X):100mg/mL普流罗尼克127,在无水DMSO中
Oxonol储备溶液(3333X):10mM DiSBAC2(3),在无水DMSO中
香豆素储备溶液(1000X):10mM CC2-DMPE,在无水DMSO中
ABSC1储备溶液(400X):200mM ABSC1,在水中
测试规程
将电极插入或用在每个待测试的孔内。
使用电流受控扩大器来递送刺激波脉冲3秒。进行2秒的刺激前记录以获得未刺激的强度。进行刺激后5秒的记录以考察向静息状态的松弛。
数据分析
数据经过分析并报道为在460nm和580nm通道中测量的减去背景的发射强度的归一化比率。然后从每个测试通道中减去背景强度。通过在相同时段测量得自经过相同处理且不含细胞的测试孔的发射强度获得背景强度。然后将作为时间的函数的应答报道为使用下式获得的比率:
通过在具有所需性质的化合物(阳性对照)诸如丁卡因的存在下以及在缺乏药理学试剂(阴性对照)进行测试以获得对照应答。对阴性(N)对照和阳性(P)对照的应答如上进行换算。这些化合物拮抗剂活性A被定义为:
供试化合物的NaV活性和抑制的电生理学测试
使用膜片箝电生理学来评价钠通道阻断剂在背根神经节神经元中的效能和选择性。从背根神经节中分离大鼠神经元,并在培养基中在NGF(50ng/ml)(由补充有B27、谷氨酰胺和抗生素的NeurobasalA组成的培养基)下保持2-10天。目测识别小直径神经元(伤害感受器,直径为8-12微米)并用连接至扩大器(Axon Instruments)的细末梢玻璃电极探测。已使用“电压箝”方式来评价化合物在-60mV下保持所述细胞的IC50。另外,已使用“电流箝”方式来试验化合物在阻断对电流注射应答的动作电位产生中的效能。这些实验的结果对定义所述化合物的效能特性有所贡献。
在DRG神经元中的电压-箝测试
使用膜片箝技术的全细胞变体技术记录得自DRG胞体的耐TTX钠电流。在室温(~22℃)使用厚壁硼硅玻璃电极(WPI;电阻3-4MΩ)并使用Axopatch 200B扩大器(Axon Instruments)进行记录。在建立全细胞构型后,在开始记录之前经大约15分钟使移液管溶液在细胞内平衡。电流在2-5kHz之间进行低通过滤并在10kHz进行计数取样。串联电阻被抵偿60-70%并在整个实验期间被连续监控。在胞内移液管溶液和胞外记录溶液之间的液体接点电势(-7mV)在数据分析中不能被解释。使用重力驱动的快速灌注系统(SF-77;Warner Instruments)将供试溶液施加于细胞。
以电压箝方式,通过每60秒一次使细胞从实验特异性保持电位到+10mV的测试电位反复去极化,测定剂量-应答关系。在转到下一次供试浓度之前使阻断效应达平台。
溶液
胞内溶液(mM):Cs-F(130),NaCl(10),MgCl2(1),EGTA(1.5),CaCl2(0.1),HEPES(10),葡萄糖(2),pH=7.42,290mOsm。
胞外溶液(mM):NaCl(138),CaCl2(1.26),KCl(5.33),KH2PO4(0.44),MgCl2(0.5),MgSO4(0.41),NaHCO3(4),Na2HPO4(0.3),葡萄糖(5.6),HEPES(10),CdCl2(0.4),NiCl2(0.1),TTX(0.25×10-3)。
化合物的NaV通道抑制活性的电流-箝测试
使用Multiplamp 700A扩大器(Axon Inst),在全细胞构型中使细胞经历电流-箝测试。硼硅酸盐移液管(4-5Mohm)被填充有(mM):150K-葡糖酸盐,10NaCl,0.1EGTA,10Hepes,2MgCl2,(用KOH缓冲到pH 7.34)。将细胞浸渍于(mM):140NaCl,3KCl,1MgCl2,1CaCl2和10Hepes)。在密封形成之前使移液管电位为零;在采集数据期间不对液体接点电势进行校正。在室温下进行记录。
使用上文所述的试验测量表2中举例说明的化合物时,其针对一种或多种钠通道具有活性,并示于表4中。
表4.
可不脱离本发明范围的情况下对本申请所述的实施方案进行对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的修改和改变。本申请所述的实施方案只是示例性的。
Claims (32)
4.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基或CF3。
6.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中V是CH2。
7.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中V是O。
8.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1、R2或R3中的至少两个是卤基。
9.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3是H或Cl。
16.根据权利要求14的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基或CF3。
17.根据权利要求14的化合物,其中V是CH2。
18.根据权利要求14的化合物,其中V是O。
19.根据权利要求14的化合物,其中R1、R2或R3中的至少两个是卤基。
20.根据权利要求14的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3是H或Cl。
21.根据权利要求14的化合物,其选自
24.根据权利要求22的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3是氢、C1-C6脂族基、卤基或CF3。
25.根据权利要求22的化合物,其中V是CH2。
26.根据权利要求22的化合物,其中V是O。
27.根据权利要求22的化合物,其中R1、R2或R3中的至少两个是卤基。
28.根据权利要求22的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3是H或Cl。
30.药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
31.在受治疗者中治疗以下疾病或减轻其严重性的方法:急性、慢性、神经性或炎性疼痛,关节炎,偏头痛,丛集性头痛,三叉神经痛,疱疹性神经痛,全身神经痛,癫痫症或癫痫状况,神经变性障碍,精神性障碍诸如焦虑症和抑郁症,双相性精神障碍,肌强直,心律失常,运动障碍,神经内分泌障碍,共济失调,多发性硬化,肠易激综合征,失禁,内脏痛,骨关节炎疼痛,带状疱疹后神经痛,糖尿病性神经病变,神经根痛,坐骨神经痛,背痛,头或颈疼痛,严重或顽固性疼痛,伤害性疼痛,贯穿性疼痛,术后疼痛,癌症疼痛,中风,脑缺血,外伤性脑损伤,肌萎缩性侧索硬化,由应激或运动诱导的绞痛,心悸,高血压,偏头痛或胃肠道活动异常,该方法包括对所述有此需要的受治疗者给予有效量的根据权利要求1的化合物或包含化合物的药学上可接受的组合物。
32.根据权利要求31的方法,其中所述方法用于治疗以下疾病或减轻其严重性:股骨癌症疼痛;非恶性慢性骨疼痛;类风湿性关节炎;骨关节炎;椎管狭窄;神经性腰痛;神经性腰痛;肌筋膜疼痛综合征;纤维肌痛;颞下颌关节疼痛;慢性内脏痛,包括腹部疼痛;胰腺疼痛;IBS疼痛;慢性和急性头痛;偏头痛;紧张性头痛,包括丛集性头痛;慢性和急性神经性疼痛,包括疱疹后神经痛;糖尿病性神经病变;HIV相关神经病变;三叉神经痛;夏-马-图神经病变;先天性感觉神经病变;外周神经损伤;疼痛性神经瘤;异位近端和远端放电;神经根病;由化疗诱导的神经性疼痛;由放疗诱导的神经性疼痛;乳房切除术后疼痛;中枢性疼痛;脊髓损伤疼痛;中风后疼痛;丘脑痛;复杂性区域疼痛综合征;幻痛;顽固性疼痛;急性疼痛,急性术后疼痛;急性肌与骨骼疼痛;关节疼痛;机械性腰背痛;颈痛;肌腱炎;损伤/运动疼痛;急性内脏痛,包括腹痛;肾盂肾炎;阑尾炎;胆囊炎;肠梗阻;疝气;等等;胸痛,包括心脏痛;骨盆痛;肾绞痛;急性产科疼痛,包括分娩痛;剖腹产术疼痛;急性炎性、烧伤和创伤性疼痛;急性间歇性疼痛,包括子宫内膜异位症;急性带状疱疹疼痛;镰状细胞贫血;急性胰腺炎;贯穿性疼痛;口面疼痛,包括鼻窦炎痛,牙痛;多发性硬化(MS)疼痛;抑郁症中的疼痛;麻疯病疼痛;贝切特病疼痛;痛性肥胖症;静脉炎疼痛;吉-巴病疼痛;下肢疼痛和足趾运动症;Haglund综合征;红斑性肢痛疼痛;法布里病疼痛;膀胱和泌尿生殖器疾病,包括尿失禁;膀胱活动过度;疼痛性膀胱综合征;间质性膀胱炎(IC);或前列腺炎;I型和II型复杂性区域疼痛综合征(CRPS);或由绞痛诱导的疼痛。
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- 2008-11-12 KR KR1020107012968A patent/KR20100098396A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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ATE522526T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
KR20100098396A (ko) | 2010-09-06 |
WO2009064747A3 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
JP2011503112A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
US20120010416A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
US20090131440A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
MX2010005309A (es) | 2010-06-25 |
EP2231655B1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
CA2705336A1 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
US20130338119A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
US8841282B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
EP2231655A2 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
IL205697A0 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
NZ585332A (en) | 2012-05-25 |
AU2008321137A1 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
US7994166B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
RU2010123781A (ru) | 2011-12-20 |
WO2009064747A2 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
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