CN102014801A - 可扩展椎间间隔装置 - Google Patents

可扩展椎间间隔装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102014801A
CN102014801A CN2009801162566A CN200980116256A CN102014801A CN 102014801 A CN102014801 A CN 102014801A CN 2009801162566 A CN2009801162566 A CN 2009801162566A CN 200980116256 A CN200980116256 A CN 200980116256A CN 102014801 A CN102014801 A CN 102014801A
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China
Prior art keywords
sept
clamp member
protruding part
parts
arm
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CN102014801B (zh
Inventor
J·麦芒努斯
W·伍德伯恩
W·韦默
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Synthes GmbH
Synthes USA LLC
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Synthes GmbH
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    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30772Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30841Sharp anchoring protrusions for impaction into the bone, e.g. sharp pins, spikes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2002/448Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs comprising multiple adjacent spinal implants within the same intervertebral space or within the same vertebra, e.g. comprising two adjacent spinal implants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0033Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0004Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable
    • A61F2250/0009Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable for adjusting thickness

Abstract

提供一种可扩展椎间间隔物(10),其包括一对反向面对的端板元件(20,40)和内部元件,所述内部元件包括一个或多个竖直延伸的布置的C形夹具部件(70)的叠堆,所述C形夹具部件径向围绕一个或多个从端板之一向内突出的凸起(30),其中所述凸起和C形夹具部件的尺寸和构造被设计为允许可扩展椎间间隔物渐增地扩展。

Description

可扩展椎间间隔装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2008年3月7日提交的题目为“EXPANDABLE INTERBODY SPACER DEVICE”的美国临时申请No.61/034713的权益,该临时申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
背景技术
椎间融合间隔物被用于重建两块相邻椎骨之间的生理间隙,并当在相邻椎骨间出现融合时维持该间隙。对于病人来说,用于放置这种间隔物的外科手术是痛苦的,并且切口和进入通道的大小具有挑战性。希望研发出一种促进融合同时使植入间隔物所需的切口的尺寸最小化的椎间间隔物。呈现坍缩形态并随后在椎间盘间隙内展开成扩展形态的椎间间隔物可以实现融合并同时减小所需的手术切口的尺寸。相对于利用多个独立的牵张器械,利用这种间隔物的外科手术还可以允许外科医生用间隔物本身来牵张椎间盘间隙并确定其大小。通过相对小的开口插入相对小的间隔物并使该间隔物扩展以适当地适应椎间盘间隙或者椎间盘和椎骨间的间隙将是有益的。以这种方式,手术切口可以相对较小,同时还可以重建脊椎的前柱高度。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,用于植入椎骨间的可扩展椎间植入物、间隔物或椎体装置(corpectomy device)(可互换地称为间隔物、植入物或椎体装置)具有坍缩状态和扩展状态。该间隔物可以包括:上部或顶部元件,其具有用于接触一块椎骨的至少一部分的外表面;下部或底部元件,其具有用于接触另一椎骨的至少一部分的外表面。上部元件和下部元件优选地可相对于彼此移动,使得间隔物可以在坍缩状态和扩展状态之间移动。优选地,至少一个凸起部件位于上部元件和内部元件之间并可相对于该上部元件和内部元件中的至少一个移动。该凸起部件可以包括侧表面和远端表面。一个或多个可扩展的夹具部件优选地一个叠在另一个上以形成至少一个夹具叠堆,其中每个夹具部件优选地具有顶表面、松弛位置、偏转位置并限定一空间。
优选地,当夹具部件处于偏转位置时,凸起部件通过夹具部件中的空间,当夹具部件处于松弛位置时,夹具部件优选地干涉凸起部件的运动并不允许凸起部件通过该空间。优选地,随着间隔物的扩展,当凸起部件的远端表面越过每个夹具的顶表面时,叠堆中的每个夹具部件陆续地偏转到松弛位置,从而允许该间隔物以预定增量扩展。
优选地,当间隔物处于坍缩位置时,间隔物内的所有夹具部件都处于偏转位置。夹具部件可以具有成一体的、有弹性的、可弹性偏转的臂,该臂在施力时运动。夹具部件可以由单块材料形成并一体地连接在一起。该间隔物可以具有多于一个的夹具部件叠堆,每个叠堆优选地包括多个夹具部件。
该间隔物的上部元件优选地包括至少一个向下部元件延伸的凸起部件,下部元件优选地包括至少一个从下部元件向上部元件延伸的柱部件,或反之亦然。该柱部件优选地与该凸起部件相关联,使得在植入物扩展和坍缩时,该柱部件可以相对于该凸起部件伸缩。该间隔物可以具有一个或多个凸起部件、一个或多个柱部件、以及一个或多个夹具部件叠堆。凸起部件可以具有凹部,当植入物在坍缩状态和扩展状态之间移动时,柱部件可以在该凹部内移动。夹具部件可以具有在施力时扩展或坍缩的弹性臂。弹性夹具部件的臂可以是圆形、C形、U形、Y形或者V形,或可具有其它形状。夹具部件可以与下部元件固定、连接、成一整体或者不连接。
所述多个夹具部件叠堆可以通过位于所述多个凸起部件之间的中央部件连接。所述多个堆叠的弹性夹具可以形成一个或多个分开的弹性夹具部件叠堆,每个夹具部件叠堆与不同的凸起部件相关联。夹具部件可以基本为平的,并且在厚度上相对均匀。可替代地,夹具部件可以具有不均匀的厚度,例如,楔形;并且可以可替代地或者另外地具有弯曲表面。夹具部件可以被塑造形状或以其它方式被构造并以一种方式连接以提供脊柱前凸角或者脊柱前凸曲线,或提供脊柱后凸角或脊柱后凸曲线。上部和下部元件包括沿着它们周边的边缘,并且所述分开堆叠的夹具部件可以位于凸起部件与上部和下部元件的周边边缘之间。凸起部件和柱部件优选地为圆柱状。
当凸起部件的远端越过夹具部件的顶表面并且在遭受轴向压缩的情况下支撑上部元件时,夹具部件优选地移动到位于凸起部件下方的松弛位置。夹具部件优选地被构造并布置为使得当向间隔物施加轴向负荷时它们处于压缩状态。也可以使夹具处于剪切或弯曲负荷状态。夹具部件可以具有这样的臂,即当夹具部件被改变到偏转位置时,所述臂扩展并远离彼此移动,使得由夹具部件限定的空间更大。可替代地,夹具部件可以具有这样的臂,即当夹具部件被改变到偏转位置并且所述臂扩展到松弛位置时,所述臂向内偏转。
在另一实施例中,可扩展椎间间隔物包括一对反向面对的端板元件以及内部元件,该内部元件包括一个或多个竖直延伸的布置的C形夹具部件的叠堆,C形夹具部件径向围绕一个或多个从端板之一向内突出的凸起。该凸起和C形夹具部件优选地被设计为允许该可扩展椎间间隔物渐增地扩展。
间隔物可以进一步包括止动机构,以限制间隔物的扩展。可设想其它特征和构造,并且对于本领域普通技术人员是显而易见的。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读时将更好地理解前面的发明内容以及下面对本申请优选实施例的详细描述。本说明书中描述的附图、示例以及实施例的目的在于描述和实现本发明的优选可扩展椎间间隔物的最佳模式以及植入可扩展椎间间隔物的优选方法,且应当被理解为对结构、特征、方面以及使用本发明的方法的解释和示例,而不应当被理解为限制本发明的范围。应该理解,本申请不限于所示的精确布置和构造。附图中:
图1是根据本发明第一实施例的可扩展椎间间隔物、植入物或者说椎体装置的俯视局部分解透视图;
图2是图1的可扩展椎间间隔物在坍缩形态下的俯视透视图;
图3是图1的可扩展椎间间隔物在部分扩展形态下的俯视透视图;
图4是根据本发明第二实施例的可扩展椎间间隔物的侧面透视图;
图5是图4所示的可扩展椎间间隔物的下部元件和中间元件的俯视透视图;
图6是图4所示的可扩展椎间间隔物的上部元件的仰视透视图;
图7是根据本发明第三实施例的可扩展椎间间隔物的俯视透视图;
图8是图7所示的可扩展椎间间隔物的侧面透视图;
图9是根据本发明第四实施例的可扩展椎体装置的前视透视图,为清楚起见,部分用假想线表示;
图10是图9所示的可扩展椎体装置在坍缩状态下的前视透视图;
图11是图10所示的可扩展椎体装置在部分扩展状态下的前视透视图;
图12是用于图9所示的可扩展椎体装置的夹具部件叠堆的侧视图;
图13是图12所示的夹具部件叠堆的俯视透视图;
图14是图12所示的夹具部件叠堆的前视透视图;
图15是夹具部件叠堆的替代实施例的俯视平面图;
图16是与图1的可扩展椎间间隔物一起使用的凸起部件的替代实施例的截面端视图;
图17示出了图15的堆叠的夹具部件与图16的凸起部件相互作用;
图18是夹具部件叠堆和凸起部件的替代实施例;
图19是根据本发明另一实施例的具有机械棘齿的(mechanical ratcheting)可扩展椎间间隔物或者说可扩展椎体装置的俯视局部分解透视图;
图20是根据本发明另一实施例的可机械扩展椎间间隔物的侧视图;
图21是图20的可扩展椎间间隔物在坍缩位置时沿图20中的线21-21截取的截面图;
图22是图20的可扩展椎间间隔物在扩展位置时沿图20中的线21-21截取的截面图;
图23是被示出处于坍缩位置的、根据本发明又一实施例的具有机械棘齿的可扩展椎间间隔物的俯视透视图;
图24是被示出处于扩展位置的、图23的可扩展椎间间隔物的俯视透视图;
图25是根据本发明再一实施例的可机械扩展椎间间隔物的俯视透视图,其中为清楚起见,去除了上部元件;
图26是被示出为处于坍缩位置的、图25的可扩展间隔物的侧视图;以及
图27是被示出为处于扩展位置的、图25的可扩展间隔物的侧视图。
具体实施方式
本说明书内描述的实施例、植入物、系统、成套工具、方法以及示例应当被理解为对本发明的植入物、系统、成套工具以及方法的结构、特征和方面的说明和示例,而不应当被理解为限制本发明的范围。植入物、系统和方法的特征、结构、方面和步骤可以在需要或者适当的时候单独地、可替代地或者一起使用。下面的描述中使用的某些术语只是为了方便,不应当以限制的方式被使用或者不应当在本质上是限制性的。词“右”、“左”、“下”、“上”表示在所参照的附图中的方向。词“向内”、“向外”分别指的是朝向或者离开椎间间隔物、植入物、椎体装置及其指定部分的几何中心的方向。词“前部”、“后部”、“上部”、“下部”以及相关词和/或短语表示所参照的人体内的优选位置和取向,其意不在限制。术语包括上述所列的词及其衍生词以及有类似含义的词。虽然可扩展间隔物的实施例可以被描述为放置在脊椎中,更具体被描述为放置在椎骨间的脊椎盘间隙内,或者被描述为在合适并需要时代替椎骨和脊椎盘,但是该间隔物还可以在非脊椎领域中具有其它应用,例如,在长骨、其它骨、软组织中,以及作为非医学应用中的间隔物。
参照图1-3,第一实施例的可扩展椎间间隔物10包括上部元件20和下部元件40,它们中的每个都包括端板22、42,所述端板在植入位置时提供用于接合相邻椎骨V的接触表面24、44。可扩展椎间间隔物10优选地安装在相邻的椎骨V之间,并被扩展以在损坏的盘部分处重建盘高度。在第一实施例中,上部元件20和下部元件40的端板22、42可以包括一系列的齿、脊、钉、脊棱(keel)和/或表面纹理(总体地以26、46表示),以增大可扩展椎间间隔物10的端板22、42和相邻椎骨V之间的摩擦系数,或者以其它方式提供一种端板22、42接合椎骨V的机构,从而阻止椎间间隔物10在已插入相邻椎骨V之间时的移动。并且,端板22、42可以包括表面纹理或涂层,以帮助或促进椎骨端板和植入物端板22、42之间的骨长入或骨生长(bony in-growth or on-growth),从而进一步将间隔物10固定就位。
第一实施例的上部元件20包括两个凸起部件30,但是不限于此,而是可以包括单个或多于两个的凸起部件30,在装配形态下该凸起部件30从下表面28向下部元件40突出。凸起元件30包括侧表面32和远端表面34。下部元件40优选地包括两个柱部件50,但是也不限于此,而是可以包括单个或多于两个的柱部件50,在装配形态下该柱部件50从上表面48向上部元件20延伸。每个柱部件50可操作地与凸起30相关联,使得在装配形态下凸起部件30可相对于柱部件50轴向平移。凸起30和柱部件50不限于以所述和所示的方式布置,而是可以以相反的方式布置或可以以其它方式构造成允许上部元件20朝向和/或远离下部元件40进行大致直线或轴向的移动。此外,凸起部件30和柱部件50可以以一种允许上部元件20和下部元件40相对于彼此进行角运动或旋转运动的方式来布置,以使元件20、40可以在外科医生或使用者的引导下进行朝向和远离彼此的运动。
第一实施例的可扩展椎间间隔物10进一步包括一个或多个夹具70。在装配形态下,夹具70优选地在上部元件20和下部元件40之间一个叠在另一个上。夹具70优选地由弹性材料构成,并包括弹性臂74、76,弹性臂74、76是柔性的并在它们之间限定出空间75。弹性臂74、76还在远端77、79之间限定出开口78。臂74、76可以弹性弯曲或移动,使得空间75和开口77可以扩大或减小。堆叠的夹具70可以整体形成,使得至少一个连接部分72连续地连接整个堆叠的夹具70,夹具70可由同一块材料制成。可替代地,堆叠的夹具70可以由几块材料制成,或者可以独立地形成并布置成或固定成一个在另一个之上。第一实施例的堆叠的夹具70由独立地堆叠在柱部件50之间的一个个夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d构成。每个夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d优选地具有非偏转状态(图1,也被称为松弛位置),在该状态中每个夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d的空间75具有第一尺寸,该第一尺寸不同于当夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d运动到偏转状态(图2,也称为偏转位置)时的尺寸。在第一实施例中,偏转状态下的夹具70被扩展,使得空间75大于松弛位置时的空间的尺寸。夹具可以通过与凸起部件30的侧表面32的相互作用而被扩展。可替代地,可以让夹具70向内偏转,使得偏转状态下的空间75小于松弛位置时的空间75的尺寸。
堆叠的夹具70优选地布置或固定到下部元件40,使得在装配形态下(图2&3)夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d与凸起30和柱部件50都靠近。可替代地,堆叠的夹具70可以与上部元件20或下部元件40不连接。当可扩展椎间间隔物10处于完全坍缩状态(图2)时,凸起70布置在夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d内部并处于其空间75内,夹具70由于被凸起30向外偏转而呈现出它们的偏转或扩展状态。器械(未示出),例如扩张器械,可以被用于通过抓紧并促使上部元件20和下部元件40彼此离开的方式,相对于下部元件40移动上部元件20。当使上部元件20远离下部元件40移动时,随着远端表面34越过每个个体夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d的上表面至位于凸起30下方的位置,夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d顺次地向内偏转。根据个体夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d的数量,可扩展间隔物10可以被定位在具有渐增地扩展的尺寸的范围内,以牵张坍缩的椎间盘间隙并重建其高度。当可扩展椎间间隔物10经历轴向压缩时,它通过凸起30的面向底部的表面或远端表面34将生理负荷承担到最顶部的偏转夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d上或直接到下部元件40上,这取决于远端表面34所在的位置。
第一实施例的凸起部件30呈圆柱状并为中空的。每个凸起部件30包括其内形成的凹部或空腔35,并带有用以接纳柱部件50的开口33以及暴露在上端板22上的开口36。
第一实施例的柱部件50呈圆柱状并可以为中空或实心的。柱部件50的外直径优选地稍小于凸起部件30中的空腔35的直径,使得柱部件50被可滑动地接收在凸起部件30内。从而,凸起部件30可相对于圆柱状柱部件50轴向向上和向下地平移。当植入物10在高度上扩展时,上部元件20远离下部元件40移动,并且凸起部件30相对于柱部件50移动。
在第一实施例中,堆叠的弹性夹具70由一对通过连接部分72连接在一起的反向面对的C形夹具70构成。夹具70优选地固定至前部元件40,并且每个夹具部件70a、70b、70c、70d围绕柱部件50之一的至少一部分。更具体地,柱部件50在夹具70的臂74、76之间延伸并穿过空间75。弹性C形夹具70可以与前部元件40整体形成,并且优选地在柱部件50的外表面和弹性夹具臂74、76的内表面之间留有缝隙或空间85。
特别地,在第一实施例中,堆叠的C形夹具70包括四个堆叠在下部元件14上的C形夹具70a、70b、70c、70d。当植入物处于图2所示的坍缩位置时,凸起部件30在柱部件50上向下滑动。当夹具部件处于松弛位置时,凸起部件30的外直径、形状、尺寸和/或构造稍大于空间75,使得为了允许凸起部件在柱部件上向下滑动,所述四个弹性夹具70a、70b、70c、70d中每对的臂被扩展至扩展状态(偏转状态)或者说扩展位置(偏转位置),在该扩展状态下臂74、76允许凸起部件30通过。植入物优选地在处于完全坍缩位置时被放置在骨内希望的位置处。当植入物就位时,牵张器优选地被用于扩展该植入物。在使用中,牵张器使上部元件20移动离开下部元件40,从而使凸起部件30相对于柱部件50移动。当凸起部件30移动越过第一夹具70a的上边缘71a时,弹性臂74a、76a不再保持在扩展位置,而是移动至松弛位置,在该松弛位置弹性夹具70a的上表面73a位于凸起部件30的远端表面34的下方。如果植入物继续扩展,则凸起部件30继续相对于柱部件50移动,直到凸起部件的远端34移动越过第二夹具70b的上边缘71b,这时弹性臂74b、76b移动至松弛位置,在该松弛位置,弹性夹具70b的上表面73b位于凸起部件30的远端表面34的下方,如图3所示。图3中,堆叠的C形夹具70布置为使得第三和第四夹具70c、70d保持在扩展状态、压在凸起30的外侧表面32上,而第一和第二夹具70a、70b处于非扩展状态或者说松弛位置,整体上阻碍或防止凸起30和上部元件20向下部元件40移动,从而至少保持图示的接触表面22、42和任一相邻椎骨之间的距离,可扩展椎间间隔物10位于所述相邻椎骨之间。
可扩展植入物10将保持其高度,因为任何施加给端板22、42的压力都会被传递给凸起部件30,凸起部件30将该力传递给位于凸起30下方的弹性夹具70,弹性夹具70将该力传递给下部元件40。优选地,夹具部件和植入物设计被构造和布置为使得当轴向负荷施加给植入物时,夹具部件处于纯压缩状态。可替代地或另外地,夹具部件可以被加载剪切负荷、弯曲负荷或两者兼有。
虽然图1-3的实施例显示了四个堆叠的弹性夹具,但是可以理解的是,可以包括更多或更少的弹性夹具,以允许在完全扩展和完全坍缩位置之间有更多或更少的高度差。例如,植入物可以仅采用一个夹具或如图1-3所示那样采用多个夹具。夹具部件可以是相对平的,并且在厚度上是相对均匀的。可替代地或另外地,夹具部件可以具有不均匀的厚度,诸如,例如,楔形,并且可以可替代地或另外地具有弯曲的表面。夹具部件可以被塑造形状或者以其他方式被构造并以一种方式连接以提供脊柱前凸角或脊柱前凸曲线,或提供脊柱后凸角或脊柱后凸曲线。
弹性夹具的厚度优选地确定植入物高度调节的增量。例如,如果采用了四个厚度为2mm的均匀夹具,则植入间隔物将具有以2mm为增量的8mm的总高度调节范围。弹性夹具可以全部为相同的厚度、不同的厚度或者不同厚度的混合,在最后一种情况下,一些夹具具有相同厚度、另一些夹具不具有相同厚度。图1-3的实施例中的弹性夹具在夹具的中央部分连接并位于植入物的中央。夹具可以位于植入物的其它区域并具有不同的构造。此外,虽然图1-3中的夹具为大致C形并被称为C形夹具,(其背对背排列以形成狗骨头形状),但是夹具可以具有其它形状,诸如,例如U形、Y形、V形、圆形或其它形状。
此外,如图1-3的实施例所示,在上部或下部元件20、40上可以包括一个或多个突出体,作为机械止动件以防止可扩展椎间间隔物10扩展得太远并散开。例如,第一实施例中的上部元件20包括机械止动件25,堆叠的C形夹具90的最上部的C形夹具70d包括悬伸部80,在完全延伸位置时该机械止动件25和悬伸部80彼此接合以防止可扩展椎间间隔物20扩展得太远并散开。椎间间隔物10不限于包括上述机械止动件25和悬伸部80,而是可以包括替代机构以防止间隔物10在扩展过程中散开,或者在不显著影响间隔物10的操作的情况下可以不包括这种过度伸展止动件或散开机构。
堆叠的C形夹具70不限于定位在下部元件40上,而是可以与下部元件40整体形成,使得下部元件40和堆叠的C形夹具70是一个元件。堆叠的C形夹具可以不与上部或下部元件连接,或者可以连接至或固定至上部元件或与上部元件成整体。此外,凸起30可以是实心的、非空心的,并且堆叠的C形夹具70可以与下部元件40整体形成,或者以其它方式固定至下部元件40,柱部件50可以是不必要的。虽然凸起30图示为空心的,柱部件插入在该空心腔内,但是凸起30和柱部件50可以布置为并排的突出物,它们相对于彼此平移,它们可以互连或不互连。
虽然图1-3的实施例具有端板,端板的长度大于宽度的两倍并且通常构造成用于后续椎间融合过程(在该过程中,在脊突的每一侧插入植入物),但是该原理可以应用于间隔物的不同形状和构造。
参照图4-6,第二实施例的可扩展椎间间隔物110包括两个分开的面向内的单个的C形夹具170的叠堆192、194,以及至少一个形成在其端板122、142内用于移植物封装的轴向孔123。轴向孔123延伸穿过椎间间隔110,部分是由于夹具170分成了两个单个的、分开的叠堆192、194并且去除了第一实施例中的中央连接部分72。第二实施例的可扩展椎间间隔物中包括的夹具170为稍不圆的,且弹性臂174、176具有大致V形。在图4-6的实施例中每个叠堆192、194中具有三个夹具170a、170b、170c。每个叠堆192、194中的夹具是整体的并包括连接部分172和从该连接部分172延伸的弹性、柔性臂174、176。定位所述两个夹具叠堆192、194使得臂至少部分地围绕柱部件150,并且柱部件170通过由臂174、176限定的空间175。夹具叠堆192、194优选地固定至前部元件140。分开的叠堆192、194定位在端板122、142的外周边缘和柱部件150之间。
图6所示的上部元件120具有单个整体式的凸起部件130。在非径向扩展状态下或者说松弛位置,由夹具170的臂174、176限定的空间175太小无法允许凸起部件130通过,处于松弛位置的臂174、176干涉凸起部件130,使其不能移动通过空间175。为了装配植入物,夹具170,尤其是柔性的弹性臂174、176,被扩展至扩展位置以允许凸起部件130在柱部件150上滑动并通过空间175。在使用中,当上部元件120相对于下部元件移动时,凸起部件130也移动。当凸起部件130的远端表面134移动越过夹具170的顶表面173时,弹性臂174、176向内移动至凸起部件130下方。如果向间隔物施加轴向压力,则凸起部件将由夹具170支撑,不会坍缩至其原尺寸。夹具叠堆192、194的各个夹具170a、170b、170c可以为圆形、C形、V形、U形、Y形或与凸起部件相互作用并优选地适应延伸通过间隔物110的轴向孔123的几乎任何形状。
第二实施例的椎间间隔物110的端板122、142还包括优选地防止过度扩展的、位于可扩展椎间间隔物110每侧的销/槽机构185。更具体地,下部元件的每一侧包括一个突出部190,其从下部元件向上部元件延伸。突出部190包括槽192。凸起部件120包括优选地具有两个孔194的中央部分。当组装下部元件和上部元件时,孔194与槽192对齐,销195插入穿过孔194和槽192。当上部元件和下部元件相对彼此运动时,销195被允许在槽192内滑动,直到销195接触槽192的端部并作为止动机构185以防止间隔物散开。间隔物可以具有一个或多个带有槽的突出部以及相应的孔和销。
可扩展椎间间隔物10、110、210的下部和/或上部元件的覆盖区(footprint)在形状上可以是大致矩形,如图1-6的第一和第二实施例所示,或者可以是曲形的,如图7-8的第三实施例的椎间间隔物210所示。可以想到上部和下部元件的其它形状、构造和尺寸以及可扩展间隔物的形状、构造和尺寸。除了不同的形状和尺寸,间隔物的下部和上部元件还可具有一个或多个开口,该开口可以部分地或整个地延伸穿过间隔物,用于接收移植材料以帮助椎骨间骨头的融合。并且,间隔物可以采用夹具部件、凸起或凸起部件以及柱部件的许多种不同的构造和布置。
参照图9-11,可扩展椎间椎体装置310的实施例包括夹具370的单个叠堆390、单个凸起330以及单个圆柱状突出物350。可扩展椎间椎体装置310还包括壳体360(图9中用假想线表示),在坍缩位置时该壳体360大致覆盖装置310的运动部分,并且包括窗口365(图10)以使得能够进入去致动装置310。
椎体装置具有上部元件320和下部元件340。下部元件可以包括壳体360和/或突出物350的一部分。突出物350可以与下部元件340是独立的或者是一体的,可以或可以不固定到下部元件340。壳体360、突出物350以及下部元件340可以是整体件或全部独立的件、或者是整体件与独立件的组合。上部元件和下部元件的端表面或者端板322、342可以如图所示那样是光滑的,或者可以包括一系列齿、脊、钉、脊棱或表面纹理,以帮助将椎体装置310在椎骨间固定就位。
椎体装置310可以如图所示那样是具有圆形端表面322、342的圆柱状,或者椎体装置310和端表面322、342可以采用任何希望的形状,诸如,例如,图1-8所示的那些形状或其它形状。端板322、342还可以具有开口323、343(未示出),椎体装置310可以具有大致中空的内部以在帮助骨头形成的过程中将椎体装置310与骨头移植材料封装在一起。窗口365可以与植入物的中空内部以及开口323、343相通,以帮助将植入物、间隔物或椎体支架与骨头移植材料封装在一起。
图9-11中,突出物350和凸起330都表示为圆柱状,但是可以具有任何希望的形状,包括,但不限于,图12-14示出的形状和构造。图9-11的实施例中的夹具叠堆390具有五个夹具370a、370b、370c、370d、370e,但是可以根据希望的结果具有更多或更少的夹具。夹具370可以是由连接部件连接的整体或独立的夹具。图9-11的实施例中的夹具是具有槽的圆形,比如O形环,但是也可以是任何希望的形状。
椎体装置310采用与图1-8的实施例类似的方式工作。在完全扩展状态下,凸起330的远端位于夹具370e的顶表面上。从椎骨向椎体装置的上表面322传递的任何力或轴向压缩被传递给凸起330。凸起330将该力传递给夹具370的叠堆390,叠堆390将该力传递给椎体装置的下部元件以及下部椎骨。椎体装置优选地在其坍缩状态下植入。在坍缩状态下,突出物350插入凸起330的中空空间或凹槽,夹具370至少部分地围绕凸起330的外侧表面。围绕凸起的夹具370优选地处于其扩展状态,在该扩展状态下夹具的臂被扩展或向外弯曲以允许凸起插入由夹具的臂限定的空间内。
当椎体装置被扩展时,凸起330相对于夹具370移动。当凸起330的远端334移动越过第一夹具370a的顶表面371a时,第一夹具370a返回至其松弛位置,在松弛位置时夹具370a的臂374a、376a返回至它们的非扩展、非弯曲位置(松弛位置),并移动至凸起330的下方。之后凸起330由第一夹具370a支撑,椎体装置310将保持新的高度,该高度的增加量为夹具370a的厚度。如果希望进一步的高度调节,那么使端板扩展,这样相对于夹具370移动凸起330直到凸起330的远端表面334移动越过夹具370b的顶表面371b,这时第二夹具370b返回至其松弛位置,夹具370b的臂移动至凸起的下方,使得夹具370b可以承担施加给凸起的负荷。可以继续扩展植入物,直到达到希望的高度,以这种方式,与椎骨间隔物10、110、210类似地,椎体装置310以预定增量逐步增加地可调整至不同的尺寸。
图12-14示出了可扩展椎体装置和设计元件的另外图示。具体地,图12-14披露了具有连接各个夹具的整体脊72’的夹具叠堆70’。夹具叠堆70’可以由单块材料构成,其中槽缝或凹槽97形成在材料中以构成保持整体连接的独立夹具。凹槽还可以在凹槽97的端部包括起伏半径部分(relief radius section)98。叠堆70’还可以包括凹部99以增强夹具的柔性。
夹具可以具有与图1-14中所示不同的其它形状和构造。例如,夹具可以具有图15所示的大致成末端开口的矩形或U形的形状,其中臂74”’、76”’可以在图15的松弛位置和图18的扩展位置之间扩展或弯曲。图16和17中所示的凸起30’也可以是末端开口的矩形或U形,其中当臂74”’、76”’处于扩展位置时,延伸部31’将配合到由所述臂形成的空间75”’内。
如图18所示,植入物、间隔物或椎体装置内的凸起部件430可以构造为使得当植入物、间隔物或椎体装置处于坍缩或非完全扩展位置时,其至少部分围绕夹具部件470或夹具叠堆490。图18中处于松弛状况或状态的夹具470,其大小被制成干涉凸起部件的运动。也就是,在松弛状况下,凸起430不能配合到夹具部件之上或周围。图18的实施例中,夹具470b、470c、470d收缩,使得夹具的臂474、476更接近在一起以允许凸起430移动至夹具部件之上并部分围绕或与夹具部件重叠。当凸起部件430相对于夹具部件移动,并且凸起部件430的端表面434移动越过夹具部件470a的端表面471a时,夹具部件的臂474a、476a扩展至凸起430之下的位置并支撑凸起430。植入物、间隔物或椎体装置可以任何方式构造为使得夹具部件可以被扩展或可替代地被收缩以使夹具部件不干涉或阻碍凸起部件的运动。
虽然凸起部件、柱部件以及突出物、夹具部件以及夹具叠堆被表示为大致直的并允许直线轴向运动,但是凸起部件、柱或突出部件、夹具部件和/或夹具叠堆也可以是曲形的,使得植入物、间隔物或椎体装置的端板或表面可以相对于彼此成角度。可替代地或另外地,夹具部件可以具有不均匀的厚度或曲度,使得植入物的端板可以相对彼此成角度。这些特征有助于恢复椎骨的适当对齐并可以重建脊柱前凸曲线或脊柱后凸曲线。
图19表示的是径向具有机械棘齿的可扩展椎间间隔物或者说可扩展椎体装置500的实施例。
图20-22表示的是机械可扩展椎间间隔物装置510的实施例,其包括围绕轴616布置的反向面对的上端板和下端板622、642,轴616优选地具有椭圆凸轮面618。轴616在一端上进一步包括齿轮620,齿轮620可以与从端板622、642中的一个或两个延伸出的特征部进行接口连接。从图20和21中的坍缩位置开始,当旋转轴616和齿轮620时,凸轮面618在头/尾(cranial/caudal)方向上推动端板622、642分开,从而将装置610移动至图22所示的扩展位置。一旦获得装置610的希望高度,就向内推动齿轮620并使之与接口特征部(未示出)接合以锁定该希望高度,例如6mm至18mm之间。所述6mm至18mm之间的高度范围并不是限制性的,装置610还可以扩展到多个不同的高度,其取决于接收植入物/装置610的病人的解剖学结构、外科医生的偏好以及相关因素。
图23-24表示的是可扩展椎间间隔物710的另一实施例,其包括一对反向面对的端板722、742,每一个端板还包括在头/尾方向上延伸的脊齿条756。端板722、742优选地通过多个圆柱形凸起760布置在主体758内。在主体758内,优选地包括其任一端上还具有齿轮762的轴782,轴782布置在可扩展椎间间隔物710的中心。凹部762a布置在任一齿轮762上,其形成为允许通过一种器械(未示出)对轴施加扭矩。在完全坍缩状态下,促使任一齿轮762在第一方向上旋转得尽可能远,以将间隔物710从坍缩位置(图23)移动至扩展位置(图24)。中央齿轮763布置在可扩展椎间间隔物710的中央并安装在轴上。当工具通过齿轮762中的一个或两个与轴进行接口连接并向轴施加扭矩时,中央齿轮763优选地与脊齿条756接口连接。当该工具在第二方向上旋转轴782时,中央齿轮783通过使脊齿轮平移而引起端板722、742在头/尾方向上扩展。一旦获得希望的高度,齿轮762之一优选地接合植入物主体758上的特征部以便锁定轴防止其进一步旋转。例如,可以将弹簧加载的止动件764安装至主体758,以将轴782和齿轮762锁定在位置上,从而设定希望高度。
图25-27表示的是机械可扩展椎间间隔物810的又一实施例,其包括一对反向面对的端板元件822、842,每一个端板元件均附接至可扩展椎间间隔物810任一侧上的带有销808的连杆806。可扩展椎间间隔物810还包括布置在端板822、842之间的两个块812、815,这两个块优选地在与彼此相对的端处。块812、815优选地通过螺杆814彼此连接,但不限于此,而是可以通过几乎任一种允许促使块812、815朝向彼此和/或远离彼此的机构而彼此相连,如下文进一步所述。弹簧816优选地围绕两个块812、815之间的螺杆814的轴。在完全坍缩位置(图26),块812、815定位成相对紧密地邻近彼此。工具接合螺杆814并用于在可扩展椎间间隔物810的后端旋转螺杆814。当旋转螺杆814时,块812、815向彼此移动,从而使连杆806定向为更竖直,并使端板822、842远离彼此移动。当连杆806移位时,它们在头/尾方向上推动端板822、842。
本领域技术人员明白的是,在不脱离本发明广泛的创造性构思的情况下,可以对上述实施例进行改变。例如,可以单独应用或组合应用所述特征和构造,凸起元件、夹具部件可以具有多种不同的形状和构造,并且植入物、间隔物或椎体装置可以可选地包括柱部件,或可选地具有止动机构以防止散开。虽然披露的实施例被称为间隔物或椎体装置,但是本发明并不限于这种植入装置,而是可以用不同的术语称呼,并可以用于身体的除脊椎之外的其它部分以及非医学应用中。因此,应当明白的是,本发明不限于所披露的特定实施例,而是意在覆盖在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的修改。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于植入椎骨间的可扩展椎间间隔物,具有坍缩状态和扩展状态,所述间隔物包括:
上部元件,具有用于接触一块椎骨的至少一部分的外表面;
下部元件,具有用于接触另一椎骨的至少一部分的外表面,所述上部元件和所述下部元件能相对于彼此移动,使得所述间隔物能够在坍缩状态和扩展状态之间移动;
至少一个凸起部件,位于所述上部元件和所述内部元件之间并能相对于所述上部元件和所述内部元件中的至少一个移动,所述凸起部件包括侧表面和远端表面;以及
至少一个可扩展夹具部件,每个夹具部件均具有顶表面、松弛位置、偏转位置并限定一空间;
其中,当所述夹具部件处于偏转位置时,所述凸起部件布置并构造为通过所述空间;当所述夹具部件处于松弛位置时,所述夹具部件干涉所述凸起部件的运动并且不允许其通过所述空间,随着所述间隔物的扩展,当所述凸起部件的远端表面越过每个夹具的顶表面时,每个夹具部件陆续偏转至松弛位置,从而允许所述间隔物以预定增量扩展。
2.权利要求1的间隔物,包括多个夹具部件,各夹具部件一个堆叠在另一个上以形成至少一个夹具部件叠堆。
3.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,当所述间隔物处于坍缩位置时,所有夹具部件均处于偏转位置。
4.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,所述夹具部件具有成一体的、有弹力的、且可弹性偏转的臂,所述臂在施力时运动。
5.权利要求4的间隔物,其中,所述夹具部件由单块材料形成并一体地连接在一起。
6.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,所述夹具部件是相对平的,并具有相对均匀的厚度。
7.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,所述夹具部件为楔形。
8.权利要求2的间隔物,包括多于一个的夹具部件叠堆,每个叠堆包括多个夹具部件。
9.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,所述上部元件包括至少一个从所述上部元件向所述下部元件延伸的凸起部件,所述下部元件包括从所述下部元件向所述上部元件延伸的柱部件,其中所述柱部件与所述凸起部件相关联,使得所述柱部件能够在植入物扩展和坍缩时相对于所述凸起部件伸缩。
10.权利要求1的间隔物,还包括多个凸起部件、多个柱部件、多个夹具部件,所述多个夹具部件构成多个夹具部件叠堆。
11.权利要求10的间隔物,其中,所述弹性夹具部件具有在施力时扩展的弹性臂。
12.权利要求11的间隔物,其中,所述弹性夹具部件的臂是以下组中的至少一种:圆形、C形、U形、Y形、和V形。
13.权利要求9的间隔物,其中,所述夹具部件固定至所述下部元件。
14.权利要求10的间隔物,其中,所述多个夹具部件叠堆通过位于所述多个凸起部件之间的中央部件连接。
15.权利要求11的间隔物,其中,所述多个堆叠的弹性夹具形成至少两个分开的弹性夹具部件叠堆,每个夹具部件叠堆与不同的凸起部件相关联。
16.权利要求15的间隔物,其中,所述上部和下部元件包括沿其周边的边缘,所述分开堆叠的弹性夹具部件位于所述凸起部件与所述上部和下部元件的周边边缘之间。
17.权利要求10的间隔物,其中,所述凸起部件和所述柱部件为圆柱状。
18.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,当所述凸起部件的远端越过所述弹性夹具部件的顶表面并且在遭受轴向压缩的情况下支撑所述上部元件时,所述夹具部件移动到位于所述凸起部件下方的松弛位置。
19.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,所述夹具部件具有这样的臂,即当所述夹具部件被改变至偏转位置时,所述臂被扩展并远离彼此移动,使得由所述夹具部件限定的所述空间更大。
20.权利要求1的间隔物,其中,所述夹具部件具有这样的臂,即当所述夹具部件被改变至偏转位置时,所述臂向内偏转。
21.权利要求1的间隔物,还包括限制所述间隔物的扩展的止动机构。
22.权利要求10的间隔物,其中,所述凸起部件具有凹部,当植入物在坍缩状态和扩展状态之间移动时,所述柱部件在所述凹部内移动。
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CN103648443B (zh) * 2011-05-12 2016-05-11 Lfc斯博拉卡公司 用于相邻椎骨相互定位的椎间植入体
CN112055576A (zh) * 2018-05-01 2020-12-08 I-佩戈有限公司 用于椎骨外科手术的占位器
CN112055576B (zh) * 2018-05-01 2024-03-19 I-佩戈有限公司 用于椎骨外科手术的占位器
CN109171850A (zh) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-11 郑博伦 一种用于腰椎治疗的椎间撑开器
TWI736010B (zh) * 2019-11-08 2021-08-11 財團法人工業技術研究院 椎間融合器

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EP2249747B1 (en) 2013-12-25
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US8574300B2 (en) 2013-11-05
CA2717635A1 (en) 2009-09-17
US9844445B2 (en) 2017-12-19
US9149364B2 (en) 2015-10-06
US20110015747A1 (en) 2011-01-20
EP2249747A1 (en) 2010-11-17
US20160015527A1 (en) 2016-01-21
WO2009114381A1 (en) 2009-09-17
JP5309163B2 (ja) 2013-10-09
KR101547321B1 (ko) 2015-08-25
JP2011513001A (ja) 2011-04-28
CN102014801B (zh) 2014-02-05
US20140018924A1 (en) 2014-01-16

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