CN102010824A

CN102010824A - Microbial agent for promoting quick decomposition of agricultural wastes and preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN102010824A
Application number: CN 201010275263
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李鸣雷; 谷洁; 高华; 秦清军; 梁东丽
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2010-09-07
Filing date: 2010-09-07
Publication date: 2011-04-13

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbe application and discloses a microbial agent for promoting quick decomposition of agricultural wastes, prepared from the following steps of respectively carrying out first stage amplification culture and second stage amplification culture on four microbes which are bacillus subtilis, micromonospora streptomyces, trichoderma koningii and chaetomium globosum, and respectively obtaining four liquid cultures of the microbes; then commonly inoculating the four liquid cultures in a carrier culture medium according to a ratio with the inoculation amount of 0.2 percent, controlling the moisture content at 55-60 percent, culturing for 7 days at a constant temperature of 28 DEG C; and finally, carrying out low-temperature drying treatment on a complex bacteria subjected to culturing at the temperature of 35-40 DEG C, and carrying out live bacteria detection. The microorganism composting microbial agent can promote quick decomposition of agricultural waste aerobic composts, has remarkable action of eliminating malodorous gas generated by organic wastes and also reduces the nutrient loss caused by volatilization in a composting process.

Description

A kind of microbiobacterial agent and preparation method who promotes the agricultural wastes quick composting

Technical field

The invention belongs to the using microbe technical field, be specifically related to a kind of agricultural wastes such as pig manure, chicken manure, wheat straw that promote and carry out the microbiobacterial agent and the preparation method of quick composting.

Background technology

Fast development along with modern agriculture; the particularly mass-producing of livestock industry, intensification are produced; cause extensive the concentrating of agricultural wastes such as a large amount of feces of livestock and poultry to be thrown aside; contain a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms and parasitic ovum in these organic wastes; in the process of throwing aside, can produce a large amount of foul gass; mainly comprise ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, indoles, mercaptan, thioether, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propenal, methylamine, ethamine, phenol, thiophenol and voltaile fatty acid etc.; environment for human survival is polluted, serious harm urban and rural residents healthy.Agricultural crop straw such as wheat straw, maize straw also be the present generation of China huge agricultural wastes owing to can not get recycle effectively, also, not only environment is made a big impact, even has influence on traffic safety by a large amount of throwing aside, burn.Composting is an effective way of agricultural wastes being carried out innoxious, resource utilization, fertilizer utilization, is one of key measure that realizes the circular agriculture development.Composting is under the acting in conjunction of multiple microorganism and enzyme thereof, the organism biodegrade in the agricultural wastes and change into the Biochemical processes of soil ulmin.

Utilize the composting technology agricultural wastes can be converted into a kind of important organic manure resource, but traditional compost method is owing to only utilize the action of microorganisms of compost self, therefore exist the compost time long, nutrient loss is big, the problem of compost quality difference, in order effectively to address this problem, there are many microbiobacterial agent products to come out both at home and abroad, as enzymatic microorganism and EM microbial inoculum, the alleviation in various degree of these products the generation of stink of organic waste, but effect is not ideal.

Summary of the invention

At above-mentioned problems of the prior art and defective, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of complex microbial inoculum of forming by bacterium, fungi, this microbial inoculum can promote the quick composting of agricultural wastes aerobic compost, the foul gas of eliminating the organic waste generation is had significant effect, reduce the nutrient loss that causes because of volatilization in the composting process simultaneously.

The technical scheme that realizes the foregoing invention purpose is a kind of microbiobacterial agent that promotes the agricultural wastes quick composting, and this microbial inoculum is 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 by, ball hair shell mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood by mass parts: 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 forms.

Its deposit number of described subtilis (Bachilus subtilis) is CGMCC1.6337; Its deposit number of little spore streptomycete (Streptomycesmicroflavus) is CGMCC 4.0155; Its deposit number of healthy and free from worry wood mould (Trichoderma koningii) is CGMCC3.4290; Its deposit number of ball hair shell (Chaetomium globosum) is CGMCC 3.1071.

Above-mentioned four kinds of bacterial strains are existing known microorganism, can separate voluntarily when the public needs also can be mould from, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is bought, and used subtilis, little spore streptomycete, the healthy and free from worry wood of the present invention is mould, ball hair shell is that the applicant bought from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center in March, 2008.

The best proportioning of the microbiobacterial agent that promotes the agricultural wastes quick composting of the present invention is mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is 1: 1: 1 by mass parts: 1 forms.

The present invention also has a purpose to provide the above-mentioned preparation method who promotes the microbiobacterial agent of agricultural wastes quick composting, specifically comprises the following steps:

1) substratum:

1.1) the potato agar substratum: peeling potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 15～20g, 15 pounds of 30min sterilizations;

1.2) nutrition nutrient agar substratum: peptone 10g, beef extract 3.0g, sodium-chlor 10g, agar 15g, distilled water 1000ml, 7.0,15 pounds of 30min sterilizations of pH;

1.3) solid support medium: rice husk 50%, wheat bran 20%, bone meal 14%, fish meal 14%, brown sugar 2%;

2) microorganism strains one-level enlarged culturing: healthy and free from worry wood is mould, ball hair shell is inoculated on the potato agar substratum, carries out constant temperature culture and obtained its one-level kind in 7 days under 24 ℃; Subtilis, little spore streptomycete bacterial strain are inoculated on the nutrition nutrient agar substratum, under 32 ℃, carry out constant temperature culture and obtained its one-level kind in 7 days;

3) microorganism strains secondary enlarged culturing: the healthy and free from worry wood that will obtain is mould, ball hair shell one-level kind is inoculated in respectively in the potato agar liquid nutrient medium that does not add agar, carries out 72 hours constant temperature shake-flask culture time to obtain its secondary kind under 24 ℃; The subtilis, the little spore streptomycete one-level kind that obtain are inoculated on the nutrition nutrient agar liquid nutrient medium that does not add agar, under 32 ℃, carry out the constant temperature shake-flask culture and obtained its secondary kind in 72 hours;

4) co-inoculation was in solid support medium in proportion with the secondary kinds of four kinds of microorganisms, and inoculum size is 0.2% of a solid support medium amount, and the control moisture content is 55%～60%, 28 ℃ of following constant temperature culture 7 days;

5), carry out again promptly getting microbiobacterial agent after 35 ℃～40 ℃ cryodryings processing, the viable bacteria check through the carrier matrix of solid culture.

The microbiobacterial agent that promotes the agricultural wastes quick composting of the present invention can promote the quick composting of agricultural wastes aerobic compost, the foul gas of eliminating the organic waste generation is had significant effect, reduce the nutrient loss that causes because of volatilization in the composting process simultaneously.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of compost fermentation jar of the present invention;

The temperature variation of Fig. 2 different treatment (℃) graphic representation;

The change curve of Fig. 3 different treatment wheat straw chicken manure aerobic compost ℃/N;

The change curve of Fig. 4 different treatment wheat straw chicken manure aerobic compost GI;

The change curve of Fig. 5 different treatment wheat straw chicken manure aerobic compost NH4+-N content;

Fig. 6 different treatment compost fermentation deodorising effect comparative graph;

Fig. 7 different treatment is at the ammonia release concentration graphic representation of different time;

Fig. 8 different treatment is at the H of different time ₂S release concentration graphic representation;

The temperature changing curve diagram of Fig. 9 different treatment composting fermentation process;

The pH value change curve of each processing of Figure 10 in composting fermentation process;

Figure 11 different treatment windrow

Content is with the change curve of compost time;

The NO of Figure 12 different treatment windrow ₃ ^--N content is with the change curve of compost time;

The coliform group count change curve in Figure 13 different treatment fermentation reactor system each period;

Figure 14: the temperature changing curve diagram in the aerobic compost process;

Figure 15 composting process cellulase activity change curve;

Figure 16 composting process sucrase active change curve;

Figure 17 composting process dehydrogenase activity change curve;

Figure 18 composting process urease activity change curve;

Figure 19 composting process catalase activity change curve;

The change curve of Figure 20 polyphenol oxidase activity;

Embodiment

The specific embodiment and the test example that provide below in conjunction with the contriver further specify beneficial effect of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

This microbiobacterial agent is mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is 0.5: 1.0: 0.5 by mass parts: 1.5 form, and concrete preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) substratum:

4) co-inoculation was in solid support medium in proportion with the secondary kinds of four kinds of microorganisms, and inoculum size is 0.2% of a solid support medium amount, and the control moisture content is 55%, 28 ℃ of following constant temperature culture 7 days;

5), carry out again promptly getting microbiobacterial agent after 40 ℃ of cryodryings processing, the viable bacteria check through the carrier matrix of solid culture.

Embodiment 2

This microbiobacterial agent is mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is 1: 1: 1 by mass parts: 1 forms, and concrete preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) substratum:

Embodiment 3

This microbiobacterial agent is mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is 1: 0.5: 1 by mass parts: 1.5 form.

Embodiment 4

This microbiobacterial agent is mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is 0.8: 0.9: 1.2 by mass parts: 1 forms.

Embodiment 5

This microbiobacterial agent is mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is 1: 1.5: 0.8 by mass parts: 0.7 forms.

Embodiment 6

This microbiobacterial agent is mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood, ball hair shell is 07: 1.5: 1.0 by mass parts: 1.3 form.

Test example 1

1.1 materials and methods

1.1.1

The microorganism compost bacterium of the promoted agricultural wastes quick composting of the method preparation of the employing embodiment of the invention 1.

1.1.2 composting material

This tests used agricultural wastes is chicken manure and wheat straw, takes from Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology wheat center and poulty house, Yang Ling Xiwei shop respectively, and its main component content sees Table 2.

The main component of table 2 composting material

1.1.3 test method

Tested in 2009 and carry out at soil and fertilizer institute of resource environment institute of Shaanxi Yang Ling Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology dung yard.Wheat straw is pulverized the segment be cut into 3～5cm size, mixes with chicken manure again, in the mixture C/N ratio be adjusted into 30: 1～35: 1, spray and add water, the windrow moisture content is remained within 55%～65% scope.Adopt forced ventilation (air), measure the variation of heap temperature in the composting process every day, and regularly (0～6d samples every day, the every 2d sampling of 8～34d 1 time) forms biased sample from composting device middle part multiple spot collected specimens.3 processing are established in test, are respectively contrast CK: do not add any microbiobacterial agent; Handle 2: add 1% self-control microorganism compost bacterium (CM); Handle 3: add 1% organic waste zymophyte song (JM) by the production of Jing Pu garden, Beijing biotechnology company limited.

1.1.4 composting arrangement

Adopt solid static forced ventilation compost.Composting arrangement is a solid-state fermentation tank, see Fig. 1 (1. the charging, venting port; 2. thermofin; 3. discharge port; 4. ventage; 5. temperature sensor) add air pump and temperature monitor and form, wherein jar high 150cm, internal diameter 80cm, external diameter 90cm, inlet mouth is arranged at the bottom, and top is outlet, and inside and outside interlayer is a lagging material, can the on-line monitoring temperature variation.

1.1.5 mensuration project and method

Deodorizing effect adopts organoleptic method that the smell of solid fermentation material is measured (judge).Temperature is laid sensor probe in the fixed position with ZDR-11 type moisture recorder when packing windrow into, writes down temperature dynamic automatically and changes.

Water-soluble carbon adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method-outer heating method; Full nitrogen adopts H ₂SO ₄-salicylic acid-mixing salt cooking method that disappears; Ammonium nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺-N) adopt the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process.

Seed germination index (GI): getting fermentation material fresh sample by liquid manure than lixiviate in 5: 1, draw the 5ml vat liquor and place the culture dish that is lined with filter paper, contrast (distilled water) is set simultaneously, put 10 full cabbage seeds in each culture dish, 20 ℃ of constant temperature culture 24 hours, record percentage of germination and root are long, calculate GI.GI is determined by following formula: GI (%)=[(rate of emergence of compost vat liquor * seminal root is long)/(root of the rate of emergence * seed of distilled water is long)] * 100

1.2 result and analysis

1.2.1 the deodorizing effect of different treatment

In aerobic composting process, because the metabolic reaction of microorganism causes the volatilization of ammonia and the release of sulfurous gas, therefore, the release of microbe species and foul smell has certain cause-effect relationship.Cause the moiety complexity of wheat straw chicken manure aerobic compost foul odour, mainly comprise thio-alcohol, thioether class, sulfide, indoles, amine, phenolic compound, NH is only adopted in some researchs at present ₃And H ₂The content of S is testing index, can not accurately weigh deodorizing effect.Therefore, this research adopts sensory test method that the stink degree of different treatment has been carried out preliminary assessment, the results are shown in Table 3.The olfactometry result of 10d shows before the different treatment, the wheat straw chicken manure compost that adds the bent JM of microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum CM and organic waste zymophyte, just do not produce foul odour through the aerobic fermentation of 5d, and the CK that does not add inoculating microbe has still through 10 days fermentation little smelly.The natural microorganisms monoid of explanation in utilizing the wheat straw chicken manure carries out aerobic compost, and the time that foul smell discharges is long, so just makes the nutrient loss of compost increase, and is unfavorable for the raising of compost quality; The bent JM of microorganism compost bacterium CM and organic waste zymophyte has tangible deodorizing effect, and this is relevant with beneficial microorganism deodorization functions wherein.The smell of table 3 solid fermentation material

Change

Annotate: "-" is not smelly; "+" is little smelly; " ++ " is more smelly; " +++" very smelly

1.2.2 the influence that different treatment changes compost temperature

In aerobic processes, because the Metabolic activity of microorganism causes compost temperature to change, the speed of the height decision compost speed of compost temperature, the compost temperature variation is divided into four tangible stages, that is: temperature rise period, hot stage, temperature-fall period and vary stable stage, temperature changing trend is consistent with above-mentioned conclusion as can be seen from Figure 2.At the compost initial stage, microorganism has a large amount of utilizable energy, enters hot stage very soon, and temperature can reach 60 ℃～70 ℃, can kill pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ovum and weed seed, impel the compost quick composting.Studies show that when the compost latter temperature reduces naturally, it is consistent with outside temperature that temperature keeps, when no longer producing tedious stink, just show that compost reaches the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed.As can be seen from Figure 2, the processing and the CK that add CM and two kinds of microbiobacterial agents of JM compare, the compost temperature lift velocity is obviously accelerated, only through 4 days fermentation, temperature just reaches 52 ℃, 60 ℃ respectively, and the fermentation top temperature of contrast process 7d just reaches 57 ℃, shows that the microbe inoculation microbial inoculum has improved compost initial stage microbe population, strengthen the Metabolic activity of microorganism, accelerated the aerobic compost heat-up rate.

1.2.3 different treatment is to the influence of composting C/N

The variation of C/N ratio is one of essential characteristic of organic waste aerobic compost, and C/N is an important indicator of check organic waste aerobic compost rotten degree.Carbon source is the energy that microorganism utilizes, and nitrogenous source is the nutritive substance of microorganism.In composting process, carbon source is consumed, and changes into carbonic acid gas and soil ulmin, nitrogen then scatters and disappears with the form of ammonia, or becomes nitrate and nitrite, or is absorbed by the organism assimilation, researchs such as Garcia think that the C/N of the compost that becomes thoroughly decomposed should trend towards the C/N of microbial cells, promptly about 16; Perhaps be reduced to 20 when following from 30 of beginning as the C/N of compost, just can think and become thoroughly decomposed.In this research, the dynamic change of the C/N of different treatment compost as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen, the C/N of 3 processing is along with the process of compost is all on a declining curve, but the degree difference that descends is wherein inoculated the compost fermentation of the C/N of CM and JM processing through 14d, and C/N is just less than 20, C/N has been respectively 14.9,15 time the 35d.And the CK processing just drops to 19 up to the C/N of 35d.Illustrate that microorganism compost bacterium and zymophyte song help the reduction of the C/N of wheat straw chicken manure aerobic compost, thereby quickened the process of becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost.

1.2.4 different treatment is to the influence of compost GI

The wheat straw chicken manure is in composting process, because organic decomposition can produce the intermediate product that organic acid, polyphenol etc. have bio-toxicity, these bio-toxicity materials can suppress the germination of plant seed and the growth of plant.Studies show that, these toxicants are along with the process of compost reduces gradually, disappears, plant grows in the compost that does not become thoroughly decomposed and is suppressed, growth obtains promoting in the compost that becomes thoroughly decomposed, therefore the height of compost maturity also can be represented by the biomass of plant-growth, so formed bioanalysis, as Chinese celery seed growth, the germination of domestic and international employing, the rotten degree that physics in heronsbill and the rye grass process of growth and biological parameter are estimated compost.Riffaldi thinks with can to plant nontoxicity being arranged by percentage of germination index (GI) detection compost, basic nontoxicity when GI reaches 80%～85%, illustrates that the rotten degree of compost is very high if GI just can think greater than 50%.This research and utilization cabbage seed has been measured the GI dynamic change of different treatment compost, the results are shown in Figure 4, the germination index of the 3d of different treatment compost all has a downward trend as can be seen, and this is because the microbial activities of compost initial stage is vigorous, the reason that biological Toxic secretion increases; Along with the carrying out of compost, germination index raises gradually, that CM handle to rise is the fastest, JM takes second place, CK handle the slowest, as can be seen from Figure 4, compost 14d, the GI that CM handles just reaches 57, and JM be 48, CK be 32, the action effect that CM is described is better than JM's.

1.2.5 different treatment is to NH ₄ ⁺The influence of-N content

In the composting process, because water-soluble NH ₄ ⁺-N part is converted into NH ₃And volatilization reduces, in addition, and by nitrification part NH ₄ ⁺-N is converted into NO again ₃ ^--N.Therefore, NH ₄ ⁺The minimizing of-N and N0 ₃ ^-The increase of-N can be indicated the variation of compost maturity.Discover NH ₄ ⁺-N is the important factor that influences the seed germination result, has better correlation between its content and GI.Zucconi etc. ^[9]Think NH ₄ ⁺-N content is an important parameter estimating compost maturity, works as NH ₄ ⁺-N content is lower than 2 (g.kg ^-1) time, can determine that compost has reached the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed.The result of Fig. 5 shows, add CM and two kinds of microorganism decompositions of JM microbial inoculum after, the NH in the wheat straw chicken manure compost ₄ ⁺-N content descends and wants fast than CK, through 20 days compost fermentation, and the NH of 3 processing (CK, CM, JM) ₄ ⁺-N content reaches 2.01,1.42,1.54 (g.kg respectively ^-1), as can be seen, inoculated CM and JM and accelerated wheat straw chicken manure aerobic compost and become thoroughly decomposed, and the decline degree of CM is than the height of JM.

1.3. conclusion

1) agricultural organic waste generally all will pass through temperature raising period, pliotherm period and cooldown period three phases in the compost process, be accompanied by variation of temperature, there is a large amount of odorous gas to produce in the composting process, have research to think that lasting high temperature helps the innoxious process of compost, the end of compost has been represented in the disappearance of stink.Studies show that, with do not inoculate CK relatively, the pliotherm period that the bent JM of homemade microorganism compost bacterium CM and Jing Pu garden zymophyte makes compost in advance and high-temperature duration long and help reducing the degree of compost foul smell, simultaneously, also improved the maximum oxygen consumption rate of compost, illustrated that CM and JM have obvious facilitation for the process of wheat straw and chicken manure aerobic compost.

2) GI value, C/N ratio and NH ₄ ⁺-N content is the important indicator of weighing compost maturity and compost quality, studies show that, compares with JM, and homemade microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum CM can significantly improve rate of emergence index GI, reduction C/N ratio, the minimizing NH of compost ₄ ⁺-N content, rotten degree and the compost quality that the CM microbial inoculum can improve compost inoculated in explanation in compost, this resource utilization and fertilizer utilization for agricultural wastes provides certain technical basis, should do further research to the selection of the inoculating microbe Inoculant in the composting process of agricultural wastes.

2, the microorganism compost bacterium is to the deodorizing effect and the nutrient influence of agricultural wastes compost

Causing the malodorous major cause of animal dung compost is the release of gases such as the volatilization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, indoles, mercaptan, thioether, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methylamine, ethamine, benzoic acid, thiophenol, voltaile fatty acid.In the stench diffusion, the nitrogen nutrient loses in a large number in the compost, thereby the agricultural value of compost is reduced.The tradition composting process is a physiological and biochemical procedure that is participated in by natural microorganisms, thereby might utilize the way of adding inoculating microbe to regulate and control the metabolism of nitrogen in the composting process, carbon, is NH by reducing nitrogen class material decomposition ₄ ⁺Gaseous state volatilization loss behind one N is controlled the generation of stink and is kept more nitrogen nutrient.At present, the achievement that Japan, Germany obtain in this respect is the most remarkable, and the microbial deodorant research work of China is started late, and mainly concentrates on the deodorizing effect research of some single bacterial strain.Therefore in the process of poultry manure fertilizer utilization, study by the compound strain deodorizing with to the influence of compost maturity quality, will be significant to the reasonable utilization and the environment protection of ight soil.

2.1 materials and methods

2.1.1 material

The test raw material chicken manure is taken from the fresh excrement on the same day of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology's test farm chicken house; Wheat stalk is that farm, this school is when the air-dry wheat straw of producing per year; The zymophyte song is a microbiobacterial agent of the present invention.

Table 6 test raw material basal component

2.1.2 method

Test design

(1) fermentor tank specification fermentor tank is the vertical type cylinder type, diameter 100cm, high 150cm.

(2) the i.e. three groups of fermentor tanks while compost of 3 processing are established in the test processing, and handle I (CK) and be: chicken manure+wheat straw, the processing II is: chicken manure+wheat straw+zymophyte song, the processing III is: chicken manure+wheat straw+deodorizing microorganism.All handle the C/N that all regulates compound with wheat straw, and making C/N is 31: 1.Adding water, to make mixture moisture content be 65%.

(3) the natural ventilation static fermentation is boxed out on fermentation reactor system method fermentor tank bottom and top.

Sampling and mensuration

(1) pack into and respectively sample 1 time with the position fermentor tank same day and the 3rd, 5,7,10,15,20,25,30,35 day in sampling time and position.The sampling position is the following 50cm of charge level.

(2) the stink index determining adopts six grades of classification to divide the smelly degree of gas, record when each sampling.

Ms0: no stink; Ms1: feel stink reluctantly; Ms2: faint stink; Ms3: tangible stink; Ms4: very strong stink; Ms5: insufferable stink.

(3) ammonia and sulfuration carrier of oxygen are measured with GS-3 type atmospheric sampling machine and are gathered the air sample according to the sampling time, absorb the amount that Kjeldahl method is measured ammonia with boric acid, measure the amount of hydrogen sulfide with zinc ammonium complex salt Absorptiometry.

(4) temperature is set every 1 hour the temperature at the following 50cm of record charge level place automatically with TDR-21 type automatic temperature recorder.

(5) the mensuration total plate count of microbiology index adopts flat board to pour into hybrid system; Total number of fungi adopts colony counting method; The actinomycetes sum adopts colony counting method; Coliform group count adopts the lactose fermentation method.

(6) the organic calcination loss of weight method that adopts of the mensuration of chemical index; PH tries with pH value instrumentation; The magnesium oxide distillation method is measured NH ₄ ⁺-N; Ultraviolet method is measured NO ₃ ^--N; Full phosphorus of atomic absorption spectroscopy determination and full potassium.

2.2 result and analysis

2.2.1 the deodorizing effect of microorganism compost bacterium

Six grades of classification of artificial sense of smell are measured each deodorising effect of handling and are seen Fig. 6, as seen from Figure 6, handle II and handle III and all reached the Ms5 level at the 3rd day, handle the 5th day stink of III and begin to weaken, handle II and also be in the most smelly stage, handle III and promptly do not have stink at the 15th day, handle II and in the time of 20 days, do not have stink, processing I (CK) the stink time length is the longest, also is in the most smelly stage in the time of the 7th day, just is destitute of smell during by 35 days; The processing III that adds deodorizing microorganism can reach the compost odorlessization quickly than handling II and handling I (CK), and the processing III is than handling II, handling I (CK) 5 days ahead of time and 20 days elimination stinks respectively; The residence time of handling III smelly degree more than the MS4 level is than handling II, handling I (CK) short 3 days and 13 days respectively.Illustrate behind the adding deodorizing microorganism better deodorising effect is arranged.

Each handles the release influence to ammonia

Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and thiomethyl alcohol etc. are the main components of ight soil composting phase foul smell.Find out by Fig. 7, each earlier fermentation that is released in of handling ammonia all has the release of short-term to increase the phase, time length is different variant because of handling, and the increase phase that adds the processing III of deodorizing microorganism is 0～3d, and what add fermenting agent is to handle II to increase the phase at 0-5 days with the release of handling I (CK).Whole fermentation process ammonia release concentration is to handle I (CK)＞processing II＞processing III in proper order, researchs such as Chen Shuan are thought will reduce the ammonia burst size, time should be chosen in the 0-15d, and more early deodorizing effect is good more, the processing III ammonia in 0-10d that adds deodorizing microorganism discharges mean concns and has descended 21% and 46% respectively than handling II and handling I (CK), can reduce the generation of stink.

Each handles the releasing effect to hydrogen sulfide

H ₂S will reach desirable deodorizing effect as reducing one of major objective gas of stacking foul smell, needs to control within 10d H ₂The release of S is learnt by Fig. 8, handles III and handles II with the H that handles I (CK) ₂The release period basically identical of S all is lower than processing I (CK) but handle III with the release concentration of handling II, handles the H of III at 0-10d ₂The burst size of S reduces the speed maximum, and therefore, the processing III that adds reodorant has shown H ₂The release of S has the effect of short duration, lower concentration.

2.2.2 deodorizing microorganism is to the influence of composting process

The temperature variation of composting process

As seen from Figure 9, handle III and promptly rise to more than 60 ℃, handle II and also reach 60 ℃, handle III and showed the characteristics of handling II, handling I (CK) quick heating the 4th day to the 5th day temperature the 3rd day temperature.The top temperature of handling II is higher 1.5 ℃ than the top temperature of handling III, but handle III the time length more than 60 ℃ than handling II the longer duration more than 60 ℃ 4 days.Keep 60 ℃ of high temperature more than 3 days, more help effectively killing pathogenic bacterium, help destroying macromolecular substance simultaneously, make windrow reach better rotten degree.Handling III has 10 days pliotherm periods more than 60 ℃, will transform and windrow harmless treatment generation active effect the windrow material.

Microorganism species changes

All kinds of microbe populatioies of table 7 different times change

Annotate: numeral is microbial count (individual g in the table ^-1Windrow) logarithmic value.

Can find out from table 7, dissimilar microbe population differences in three kinds of processing, during the fermentation beginning, what microbe population was maximum during each was handled is bacterium, secondly is fungi and actinomycetes.At the 1st day of fermentation, all microbe populatioies increased sharply, but can find out and expect warm higher period (3-15d), and microbe population is on a declining curve.Along with the decline of material temperature, microbe population gos up to some extent afterwards, but has not reached the level of microorganism when beginning compost.During the fermentation, no matter be middle thermophase or hot stage, number of bacteria is always maximum.During the fermentation, bacterium is a dominant microflora, and fermentation calefaction is had bigger effect, actinomycetes are more active at hot stage, utilize the organism of undecomposed difficult degradation still, carry out growth and breeding, quantity increases gradually, it is the main flora of this stage decomposing organic matter, the processing III that adds deodorizing microorganism, in the bacterial number maximum of temperature rise period, variance analysis shows and handles I (CK), handle the significant difference (P＜0.05) between II, reached the fastest intensification effect; At hot stage, each actinomycetes quantity of handling all is higher than the quantity after heat up preceding and the cooling, the actinomycetes quantity of this stage processing III plays active effect greater than the quantity of handling I (CK) and processing II to keeping continuous high temperature, and the significant difference (P＜0.05) between each processing.

The pH value of fermenting process changes

The pH value of test changes as shown in figure 10, the time dependent basic trend of the pH value of three kinds of processing is identical, along with the carrying out of fermenting process, microorganism breeds in a large number in the early stage, the decomposing protein type organic, produce ammonia nitrogen, impel the pH value to go up, along with the protein organism is further degraded, ammonia-state nitrogen is converted into nitric nitrogen under the effect of nitrobacteria, the pH value progressively falls after rise, and the pH value of three kinds of processing maintains between the 6.4-7.1 when fermentation ends.

According to the research of recklessly wearing, tame ight soil pH value is between 7～8, and deodorizing effect is good, and the pH value is lower than 6 or be higher than 8.5 and all do not reach the de-odorised purpose.The pH value scope that adds the processing III of reodorant and the processing II that adds the zymophyte song is all in this zone, and the fluctuation of the pH value of processing III more helps deodorizing and mass degradation less than processing II and processing I (CK).

The variation of nitrogen class material

Contain many nitrogen class materials in the animal dung, in composting process, they are degraded to NH fast ₄ ⁺-N.Part NH ₄ ⁺-N is NO by microbial transformation further ₃ ^--N and organic nitrogen, major part have little time the NH that transformed ₄ ⁺-N volatilizees with gaseous state in the environment of pH＞7.The main loss approach that this is not only N in the compost, also be the livestock and poultry compost mainly cause smelly reason.Nitrogen class material is with NH in the control composting process ₄ ⁺The accumulation of-N form is stink control and the key point that improves N nutrient retention rate ^[22]

Find out that by Figure 11, Figure 12 each is handled

Content rose to some extent at 0-3 days, continue to reduce thereupon because the existence of a large amount of nitrifiers and denitrifying bacteria, the organonitrogen mineralising Change into N0 by nitrifier ₃ ^--N content improves rapidly.Part NO ₃ ^--N is become N by denitrification again ₂Gas, or be fixed to microorganism nitrogen by fungi effect, make NO ₃ ^--N content decreases.In this experiment, after 3d, each is handled

Content reduces gradually, has reduced NH under the alkaline condition ₃Volatilization concentration, each period

Concentration shows that in proper order for handling III＜processing II＜processing I (CK) handling III can reach better deodorizing effect.At fermentation NO at the end ₃ ^--N content to handle the highest of III, is handled II and is taken second place, and it is minimum to handle I (CK), has illustrated that the processing III that adds reodorant has more excellent nitrogen retention rate.

2.2.3 the microorganism compost bacterium is to the influence of compost quality

The organic matter of three kinds of processing, total nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium all increase before and after the fermentation, organic, full nitrogen amplification maximum is the processing III that adds reodorant, its amplification is respectively 18.6% and 14.6%, secondly for handling II, amplification is respectively 16.2% and 13.2%, handle I (CK) amplification minimum, and the amplification significant difference between three kinds of processing.The full phosphorus of different treatment, full potassium amplification maximum for handling II, secondly for handling III, handle I (CK) amplification minimum, handle II and handle the full phosphorus of III, full potassium with handling I (CK) amplification significant difference, but the difference of handle II, handling between III is not remarkable, therefore, handle the increase of III, shown comprehensive advantage the back nutrient that ferments.

Nutrient before and after the table 8 different treatment fermentation reactor system changes (unit: gkg ^-1)

As shown in figure 13, along with the prolongation of course of fermentation, coliform progressively descends, by 10 of the compost initial stage ⁵The order of magnitude of individual/gram fermentation material drops to 10 ²Individual/gram, the following order of magnitude of fermentation material.The processing III that adds the processing II of zymophyte song and add reodorant is in the time of 15 days, and coliform quantity has reduced to 10 ²The order of magnitude of/gram fermentation material meets the decontamination of human excreta standard, handles III owing to the time that continues in the pliotherm period is long, and colibacillus quantity is minimum during fermentation ends, is 3/gram fermentation material, shows more excellent fertilizer thoroughness.

2.3 conclusion

(1) the processing III of adding microorganism compost bacterium has deodorizing effect preferably, eliminates stink, MS in 20 days ahead of time than handling I (CK) ₄Level is above smellyly to be spent the residence time and handles II respectively and handled I (CK) short 3 days and 13 days, handles III ammonia in 0～10d and discharges mean concns than handling II and processing I (CK) descends 21% and 46% respectively.

(2) handle that II handles that the temperature of III in composting process becomes and the health overall performance of compost after finishing meets the decontamination of human excreta standard, handling III than handling II has bigger temperature advantage (the temperature maintenance was Duoed 4 days more than 60 ℃); Handle III and keep lower during the fermentation than other processing Concentration and other are handled high NO ₃ ^-N concentration helps reducing stink and increases the nitrogen retention rate.Handle organic matter before and after the III fermentation and total nitrogen amplification maximum with handle II and handle the significant difference of I (CK), full phosphorus, full potassium amplification is also handled I (CK) that significant difference is arranged.

3, microbiobacterial agent is to the influence of enzymic activity in the wheat straw chicken manure aerobic composting process

Along with the adjustment of China's agricultural structure and the change of agricultural development mode, increase day by day based on the agricultural wastes generation of wheat straw and chicken manure.A large amount of wheat straw is adopted the treating method of on-site incineration, has environmentally safely formed huge threat, and undressed feces of livestock and poultry has caused severe contamination to the culturing area environment; Feces of livestock and poultry water content height, to distribute stench and contain causal organism be the subject matter that the restriction poultry manure directly utilizes, and wheat straw can not be utilized effectively because of big, the difficult decomposition of its volume.Make that wheat straw and chicken manure are innoxious, minimizing, resource utilization, satisfy the acceptability of environment to greatest extent and feasibility economically is the developing direction of its fertilizer utilization.The aerobic compost method is an agricultural wastes biologic treating technique that generally adopts at present.Studies show that, the essence of aerobic compost is that a kind of simple organic and inorganic material of organic substance conversion formation in microorganism participation and following complexity of enzymatic action is a mineralization, and further the intermediate product of mineral process is transformed again the soil ulmin of synthetic complexity under the effect of enzyme.Therefore, microorganism has significant feature in aerobic compost, and inoculated bacteria has promoter action to the process of compost, and fungi has stronger capacity of decomposition to Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and xylogen, but inoculated fungi rarely has report to the influence of compost research.

For inquiring into fungi biological chemistry in the influence of aerobic compost process and the composting process is changed essence, many, widespread chicken manures of the present China of this test and Selection quantity and wheat straw are material, adopt lab simulation, system applies zymetology principle and analytical technology thereof, the dynamic change of several frequently seen enzymic activity and temperature in the primary study wheat straw chicken manure aerobic composting process, in the hope of further disclosing the biomechanism of aerobic compost from the zymetology angle, and inoculated fungi is analyzed the influence of compost.

3.1 materials and methods

3.1.1 material

3.1.1.1 this test microorganism used therefor compost bacterium is a microbiobacterial agent of the present invention.

3.1.1.2 composting material: test is chicken manure and wheat stalk with composting material, and its nutrient content sees Table 9, comes from poulty house, Yang Ling Eastern Wei Dynasty shop and Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology's wheat research centre experiment centre respectively.

The nutrient content of table 9 agricultural wastes (oven dry sample)

3.1.2 solid fermentation device

Testing apparatus is mainly by 3 high 1.0m, and internal diameter 0.6m, external diameter 0.7m are that cylindrical fermentor tank is formed, and reactor is made up of double-layer stainless steel, and interlayer has the thick lagging material of 0.5cm.The fermentor tank bottom is a stainless steel plectane that has aperture, and the composting material mixing is placed on it.The air of supplying with enters from reactor bottom, the ventilative aperture that passes plectane enters in the reactor, passes behind the compost material and discharges from reactor top, and the different sites of fermentor tank is laid temperature sensor, connect self-registering instrument, be used for the dynamic change of on-line measurement reactor temperature.

3.1.3 test method

Tested in the 4-5 month in 2004 and carry out, wheat straw is cut into 3-5cm in clay fertilizer institute of money ring institute of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology solarium, with chicken manure be 30 with the C/N ratio: 1-35: 1 mixed is even, regulates windrow moisture content 55%-65%.Experiment is established inoculated fungi and is not inoculated (CK) two processing, and inoculation is handled and add 0.5% Inoculant in composting, and CK adds the sterilization wood chip bran mass of equivalent.Temperature is by the self-registering instrument record that connects probe.Test respectively at the 0th, 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12 of compost fermentation ..., 34d sampling, the sample that is used to measure enzymic activity is regularly gathered from the composting device middle part, and respectively gathers 3 parallel sample.The sample of obtaining mixes immediately, and quartering keeps 200g, with freshness protection package sealing ,-80 ℃ of freezing preservations, uses in order to assay determination.

3.1.4 mensuration project and method

Cellulase activity adopts the nitrosalicylic acid colorimetry: getting the about 1g of bright sample, is matrix with the sodium cellulosate, after cultivating 48h under 37 ℃ of conditions, measures the milligram number of the glucose of hydrolysis generation; Sucrase adopts the nitrosalicylic acid colorimetry: getting the about 1g of bright sample, is matrix with sucrose, after cultivating 24h under 37 ℃ of conditions, measures the milligram number of the glucose of hydrolysis generation; Desaturase is with triphenyltetrazolium chloride muriate colorimetry: ldh assay is to cultivate 24h add the acceptor triphenyltetrazolium muriate of hydrogen in sample after under 30 ℃ of conditions, measures the desaturase effect and generates the red first moon down for amount, and is active in μ l H+.g ^-1.24h expression; Urease activity adopts the Na Shi colorimetry: get bright sample 5g, with urea be matrix after cultivating 24h under 37 ℃ of conditions, measure the milligram numerical table that hydrolysis generates the ammonia amount and show; The mensuration of polyphenol oxidase activity adopts the plain colorimetry of purple Nutgalls: get bright sample 0.5g, with the methyl catechol be matrix after cultivating 2h under 30 ℃ of conditions, a milligram numerical table of measuring the purple Nutgalls element that generates shows; The hydrogen peroxide enzymatic determination adopts volumetry, gets bright sample 2g, is matrix with the hydrogen peroxide, uses permanganate titration behind the cultivation 20min, measures the amount of hydrogen peroxide that consumes, and unit is with 0.001N potassium permanganate .g ^-1.20min expression.

3.2. result and discussion

3.2.1 the dynamic change of temperature in the wheat straw chicken manure aerobic composting process

The temperature dynamic of wheat straw chicken manure aerobic compost changes as shown in figure 14, the microbe inoculation compost bacterium is handled as can be seen has identical trend with the temperature variation that does not add bacterium CK, variation of temperature has roughly experienced temperature raising period, pliotherm period, cooldown period and stationary phase four-stage, but the processing temperature raising period of microbe inoculation compost bacterium is than the obvious weak point of CK, the 3d compost temperature has just reached 72 ℃ of the highest temperatures, and CK just reaches 68 ℃ of the highest temperatures at 7d, this is because the microorganism compost bacterium can decompose the Mierocrystalline cellulose in the wheat straw fast, cause the metabolic raising of other microorganisms in the compost, thereby compost temperature is raise rapidly; Simultaneously can find that also (greater than 55 ℃) time length pliotherm period of the compost of inoculated fungi is obviously long than CK, this may be because compost initial stage microbe inoculation compost bacterium, with the macromolecular polysaccharide decomposition and inversion is low molecular glucide, make thermophilic bacterium, thermoactinomyces enough nutrition be arranged, can proceed growth metabolism in the pliotherm period.Temperature is an important indicator of aerobic compost success or not, because the wheat straw chicken manure is through the pliotherm period more than 55 ℃, most of harmful organisms just may be killed.

3.2.2 the active variation of plurality of enzymes in the wheat straw chicken manure aerobic composting process

The aerobic compost of organic solid castoff is under the effect of the specific enzyme of microorganisms the macromolecular substance of complexity to be converted into energy, cell component and metabolic end product, the fungi of tool cellulose-decomposing ability can promote becoming thoroughly decomposed of wheat straw compost significantly, this paper to six main enzymes respectively at inoculated fungi and the enzymic activity that does not add under the bacterium condition carried out dynamic studies, result of study is as follows:

3.2.2.1 cellulase activity changes

Cellulase is an important enzyme in the carbon cycle, mainly participates in cellulosic hydrolysis, finally forms glucose, and its activity has close association with the environment respiratory intensity, also is subjected to check (Piao Zhe etc., 2001) of substrate for induction and degraded product.Though Mierocrystalline cellulose is a kind of difficult composition that decomposes in the agricultural wastes, it can be hydrolyzed to cellobiose under the cellulase effect, and then is hydrolyzed to glucose.Originally studies show that (Figure 15), when heap body organism temperature rose behind the inoculated fungi, cellulase activity descends: the rotten 24～72h of heap, cellulase activity was in 0.042～0.049mg glucose.g ^-1.24h low activity scope.Pile rotten 10d, the windrow temperature maintenance is steady hot stage about 55 ℃, the cellulase activity value of peaking (0.457mg glucose.g ^-1.24h).After this windrow temperature slowly descends, and cellulase activity also decreases.The microorganism of the plain lytic enzyme of eccrine fiber is a colony, has comprised multiplely, and what have is high temperature resistant, and what have has a liking for middle temperature, the happiness low temperature that also has.The variation of cellulase activity may be the result of these microbial population different sorts quantity growth and decline in the composting process.The rotten initial stage temperature of heap rises rapidly, and at this moment high temperature resistant, mesophilic microorganism fails to produce in a large number, and the psychrophile of the plain enzyme of eccrine fiber is subjected to temperatures involved, and activity weakens, and the Secretases amount reduces, thereby cellulase activity descends.But after temperature rose, high temperature resistant, mesophilic microorganism was all increased thereupon, so the peak appears in the cellulolytic enzyme activity.After this, too high temperature had both influenced the activity of mesophilic microorganism, had also suppressed the activity of high temperature microbe, even the microorganism of the plain enzyme of some eccrine fibers is caused death, thereby the active appearance of cellulase descends.Heap temperature in rotten mid-term descends, and middle psychrophile breeds in a large number, and cellulase activity keeps higher level always, and this stage is a large amount of stages of decomposing of Mierocrystalline cellulose.Removed early stage, and with the organic materials temperature variation certain relation was arranged though cellulolytic enzyme is active, both are also not parallel, and the cellulolytic enzyme activity change has the stagnant phenomenon in obvious back than temperature variation.This back stagnates and may cause like this: temperature is the incitant that microorganism changes, gradient of temperature has caused the microorganism variation, but when temperature variation had had influence on microflora and changes, the original extracellular enzyme that produces of microorganism was not affected, and still played a role continuing.So temperature variation just occurred, and after the apparent crop of microorganism appears at preceding.Handle for CK, cellulase activity changes with the dependency rule and the adding microbiobacterial agent of its temperature variation handles basically identical, but the cellulase activity that CK handles is in relatively low level in the rotten process of overall stack always, active peak microbial inoculum occurs adding and handles postponement 2d, and also lower (the 0.258mg glucose.g of active peak value ^-1.24h), this may be less relatively relevant with microbial population and quantity that CK handles.

3.2.2.2 the variation of sucrase active

Sucrase can form glucose for enzymatic sucrose, and the needs of environmental microorganism vital movement are provided, and its activity is closely related with microbe population and respiratory intensity.The sucrose of piling in the rotten organism mainly is that Mierocrystalline cellulose decomposes generation, also has a small part to be present in the organism originally.Sucrose can be decomposed into monose under the effect of sucrase, and the substrate of the sucrase effect zymolytic product of Mierocrystalline cellulose just, thereby sucrase active and cellulase activity are in close relations.Cellulase activity increases in the windrow, and the sucrose amount of generation increases, and has just promoted the vigorous activity of microorganism of decomposing sucrose, and the result causes sucrase quantity to increase increased activity.Originally studies show that (Figure 16), the processing of microbe inoculation compost bacterium, 3d before heap is rotten, sucrase active descends always; 3d to the 10d rises always, the 10d (87.836mgglucoseg that peaks ^-124h).Sucrase active and cellulase activity peak be the same period almost.Compost sucrase active in mid-term is in higher level always, though downtrending is arranged, relatively milder.The rotten later stage sucrase active of heap is lower, may reduce relevant with the effect concentration of substrate.Compare with the CK processing, the sucrase active that CK handles was lower than the adding microbiobacterial agent all the time at compost before mid-term handles, and late (16d), lower (the 62.9mg glucoseg of active peak value appear in active peak ^-124h).

3.2.2.3 the variation of dehydrogenase activity

Desaturase belongs to oxydase, and the variation of desaturase can be reacted the degree of the material oxidation of composting process.As can be seen from Figure 17, in the windrow temperature rise period, handle dehydrogenase activity for two kinds and descend with the temperature rising; Rotten 24h is piled in the processing of inoculated fungi, and temperature rises to 63 ℃, and dehydrogenase activity is reduced to 4.12 μ l H+.g-1.24h.CK handles because temperature rises slowly, and dehydrogenase activity reduces slower, and dehydrogenase activity is reduced to 5.09 μ l H+.g-1.24h when 48h.Temperature rises rapidly in the temperature rise period, psychrophile incompatibility comparatively high temps, and mobility reduces, and excretory desaturase amount reduces.Along with temperature descends gently, the high temperature microbe activity is vigorous, secretes desaturase in a large number, and dehydrogenase activity raises, the desaturase enzymic activity that the microbe inoculation compost bacterium the is handled 25.66 μ l H+.g-1.24h that peak, and desaturase has downtrending afterwards; The peak value that CK handles is 21.62 μ l H+.g-1.24h.Dehydrogenase activity is higher rotten mid-term at heap, has reflected that the oxidizing reaction of piling rotten process mainly carries out at heap rotten mid-term.The dehydrogenase activity that inoculated fungi is handled is higher than the CK processing at heap rotten mid-term, illustrates that the microorganism compost bacterium has promoter action to the material decomposition of compost.

3.2.2.4 the variation of urease activity

The effect of urase is that the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea is carbonic acid gas and ammonia, and urease activity increases and strengthens with the substrate urea concentration.As can be seen from Figure 18, two kinds of processing are at the compost initial stage, and urease activity raises with temperature and descends.Inoculated fungi is handled at the rotten 4d of heap, and urease activity is minimum, only 0.188mg NH3g-124h; After this slowly rise, peak during 16d (0.932mg NH3g-124h) is 4.96 times of Schwellenwert, slow later on decline.Reach second peak value 0.651mg NH3g-124h during 27d, 28d reduces to second Schwellenwert 0.522mg NH3g-124h.From holistic approach, urease activity is opposite with the temperature variation direction, correlation coefficient r=-0.6427 of overall stack urease activity and temperature in the rotten cycle (α=0.5 o'clock, r=0.433; α=0.01 o'clock r=0.537), shows that high temperature has a strong impact on urease activity.The urease activity that CK handles changes and its temperature variation also has negative correlativing relation (r=-0.6132), but its active peak-peak (0.69mg NH3g-124h) and active mean value (0.45mgNH3g-124h) all are lower than urease activity peak-peak (0.932mg NH3g-124h) and the active mean value (0.51mg NH3g-124h) that inoculated fungi is handled respectively in composting process, show that the microbe inoculation compost bacterium can effectively improve urease activity level and active peak value thereof.

3.2.2.5 catalatic variation

Organic content and microbe population in catalase activity and the aerobic compost are closely related, the intensity of organic matter transformation in its active size reflection compost.Found out that by Figure 19 the catalase activity that the microbe inoculation compost bacterium is handled in composting process is higher than CK at 1-26d to be handled, compost enters this enzymic activity of pliotherm period significantly to be reduced, and may significantly reduce relevant with microbe species and the quantity that high temperature causes.Keep more stable in compost later stage (24-34 days) catalase activity, its field of activity is between 1840-1860ml0.001N potassium permanganate.

3.2.2.6 the variation of polyphenoloxidase

Polyphenol oxidase activity and the decomposition of compost organic carbon and leavening temperature are closely related.The conversion that polyphenoloxidase is participated in aldehydes matter in the environment directly generates quinone, and quinone is the basis that forms initial humic acid molecule with amino acid etc. by a series of Biochemical processes.Xylogen is the higher a kind of material of content in the agricultural wastes, also is a kind of material that is difficult for being decomposed.Polyphenoloxidase (polyphenol oxidase) not only can lignin degrading, can also make product quinone and amino acid generation condensation reaction after the lignin oxidation generate humic acid.As can be seen from Figure 20, along with heap temperature rises, polyphenol oxidase activity increases, and 18d reaches the plain g of a peak value 6.23mg purple Nutgalls ^-124h slowly descends afterwards.Be in more than 50 ℃ in the scope in temperature, polyphenol oxidase activity is in a higher value.Polyphenoloxidase is high early stage at the specific activity compost of compost middle and later periods, and this may be synthetic relevant in the middle and later periods in middle and later periods decomposition and humic acid with xylogen in the composting process.As can be seen from Figure 20, the processing of inoculated fungi is in the rotten 0-d of heap, and the windrow temperature rises, and polyphenol oxidase activity increases, and 3d reaches the plain g-12h of peak value 3.11mg Nutgalls.CK handles polyphenol oxidase activity and rises with temperature and slowly increase, handles but its activity value is lower than the adding microbiobacterial agent.Polyphenol oxidase activity and temperature variation have close ties, and from piling rotten 5d to 28d, changing in the opposite direction of the two is extremely significantly negative correlation (r=-0.710; During a=0.05, r=0.532; During a=0.01, r=0.661); Polyphenol oxidase activity and temperature variation that CK handles have close ties, and from piling rotten 8d to 34d, the variation of the two is extremely significantly negative correlation (r=-0.970; During a=0.05, r=0.532; During a=0.01, r=0.661).Polyphenoloxidase is high early stage at the specific activity compost of compost middle and later periods, may synthesize relevant (Wang Yilei, 2003) in middle and later periods decomposition and humic acid in the middle and later periods with xylogen in the composting process.At the 5th day to the 28th day of compost, the polyphenol oxidase activity that inoculated fungi is handled was higher than the activity that CK handles all the time, can better promote the degraded of xylogen and the conversion of product thereof.

3.3 conclusion

This research experiment is the result show, in the wheat straw chicken manure aerobic composting process except that catalase activity is tending towards descending always, peak value all appears in other several enzymic activitys, cellulase, sucrase maintain greater activity in earlier stage at compost, active reduction of later stage, two peak values appear in desaturase, but whole activity of later stage is lower, urase is lower in compost activity in early stage, and is higher in mid-term and later stage activity.Polyphenoloxidase is higher in compost mid-term and later stage activity, and early stage, activity was lower.This is more relevant than progressively descending with the C/N of continuous decomposition, material of organic carbon, nitrogenous compound in the aerobic composting process.The variation tendency of several enzymic activitys shows, all variations of aerobic composting process all are to carry out in the presence of plurality of enzymes, and the effect of various enzymes is not relatively independent, but interact, a synergistic complex process, both be related between each main enzyme reaction, had nothing in common with each other again.The size of enzymic activity reflects the direction and the intensity of biochemical reaction in the wheat straw chicken manure associating aerobic compost.

From result of study as can be seen, the catalase activity of microbe inoculation compost bacterium processing all is higher than the CK processing at 1-26d; The microbe inoculation compost bacterium is handled at the dehydrogenase activity of piling rotten mid-term and is higher than the CK processing; At the 5-28d of compost, the polyphenol oxidase activity that the microbe inoculation compost bacterium is handled is higher than the activity that CK handles; Cellulase, the sucrase active variation tendency in composting process is handled basically identical with CK behind the microbe inoculation compost bacterium, but cellulase, sucrase active peak value are higher than CK to be handled, and the appearance of peak value is all handled early than CK, wherein the cellulase activity peak value is handled 2d early than CK, and the sucrase active peak value is handled 6d early than CK; The microbe inoculation compost bacterium can effectively improve urease activity level and peak value thereof, and urease activity peak-peak (0.932mgNH3g-124h) and active mean value (0.51mg NH3g-124h) all are higher than urease activity peak-peak (0.69mg NH3g-124h) and the active mean value (0.45mg NH3g-124h) that CK handles.Studies show that the microbe inoculation compost bacterium has promoter action to the material decomposition of compost, helps the degraded of macromolecular substance such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen and the conversion of degraded product thereof.

Claims

1. the microbiobacterial agent that can promote the agricultural wastes quick composting is characterized in that,, ball hair shell mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood is 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 by mass parts: 0.5～1.5: 0.5～1.5 forms.

2. the microbiobacterial agent that can promote the agricultural wastes quick composting is characterized in that,, ball hair shell mould by subtilis, little spore streptomycete, healthy and free from worry wood is 1: 1: 1 by mass parts: 1 forms.

3. the described method that promotes the microbiobacterial agent of agricultural wastes quick composting of preparation claim 1 is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps:

1) substratum: