CN102007200A - 具有填料的催化剂回收井的改进操作 - Google Patents

具有填料的催化剂回收井的改进操作 Download PDF

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CN102007200A
CN102007200A CN2009801133328A CN200980113332A CN102007200A CN 102007200 A CN102007200 A CN 102007200A CN 2009801133328 A CN2009801133328 A CN 2009801133328A CN 200980113332 A CN200980113332 A CN 200980113332A CN 102007200 A CN102007200 A CN 102007200A
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E·袁
D·班克斯
G·杰克逊
E·博德佐依
W·莱茨施
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TEn Process Technology Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于改进两个装置之间，例如催化剂再生器与提升管反应器之间的特定固体的流动的改进的流化催化剂回收井，其包含填料或其他结构内部构件。

Description

具有填料的催化剂回收井的改进操作
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂回收井的改进操作。更特别地，本发明涉及在FCC系统中用于将再生催化剂从催化剂再生器传送至提升管反应器的催化剂回收井。最特别地，本发明涉及包括填料或折流板的流化催化剂回收井。
背景技术
用于将碳氢化合物原料催化裂化为更有价值的碳氢化合物(如汽油和烯烃)的催化裂化法已经公知了几十年。通常，在流体催化裂化法中，将热再生的催化剂和原料(以及任选的蒸汽或其他稀释气体)送入提升管反应器的底部，其中在催化裂化条件下裂化原料以得到裂化产物和废催化剂。废催化剂通常被来自裂化过程中的焦炭和其他碳氢化合物类杂质污染。在分离系统中分离裂化产物和废催化剂，并回收裂化产物用于下游加工。将分离的废催化剂排出至沉降器容器中的密相催化剂床中，其中废催化剂与汽提介质(通常为蒸汽)接触以从催化剂中除去挥发性碳氢化合物产物。然后使包含焦炭的废催化剂经过汽提器竖管而进入催化剂再生器，其中在空气的存在下，并在燃烧条件下，烧尽催化剂的焦炭以得到热再生的催化剂和烟道气。例如通过旋流器将烟道气从再生催化剂分离，并从再生器容器中回收催化剂。热再生的催化剂在再生器中的密相流化床中收集，然后经过用于回收的竖管回收至提升管反应器。
由于催化剂提供了催化活性和用于催化反应的热量，因此在系统中适当的催化剂循环对于FCC装置的整体性能是重要的。催化剂循环的主要动力来自积聚在回收竖管中的稳定且足够的压力。现有技术已尝试致力于竖管设计。
许多催化裂化专利仅简单记载了竖管，但没有记载在用于碳氢化合物处理过程的催化剂再生中任何特定的竖管构造。参见例如美国专利Nos.5,143,875；4,431,856；4,238,631；2,700,639；2,784,826；2,860,102；2,761,820和2,913,402。
用于减少汽提器竖管和再生器竖管的竖管中的气体夹带的圆锥形竖管入口料斗是本领域公知的。但是，通过这些料斗减少气体夹带、气泡聚结的构思是效率低的。
最近，Chen等人在美国专利Nos.6,228,328和6,827,908中描述了流化回收井。这些回收井用作催化剂进入再生催化剂竖管之前的收集槽和重整床。所述回收井试图通过将沸腾床状态转变为密相状态而制备平滑流过竖管的催化剂。回收井通常具有位于靠近底部切线的一个或多个流化环。所述环的目的是在再生催化剂进入竖管顶部之前调节再生催化剂。有时进入回收井的催化剂并不来自再生器中的井流化区域。因此，催化剂以不流化催化剂的形式进入回收井。然而已证实该不流化催化剂难以在现有技术的流化回收井中仅用流化环进行有效的再充气。这种低效率导致在再生催化剂竖管中积聚较低的压力。
因此，本领域仍需要提供可克服现有技术的催化剂回收井的缺陷的改进装置。
发明内容
本发明人已经发现在回收井中位于流化环上方和/或下方的诸如单层或多层填料或折流板的内部结构的存在克服了现有技术的缺陷。填料和/或折流板通过重新分布催化剂并在床中将其混合而破碎以“块”状催化剂的形式进入回收井的不流化催化剂。当流化气体在回收井的内部构件内与催化剂逆流而行时，结构化的填料或折流板也促进了流化气体的更均匀分布。离开填充区域的催化剂也得以良好充气，并具有均匀密度。因此内部构件在催化剂进入竖管之前重新分布催化剂，并更均匀地将催化剂再充气。由于竖管在流化状态而不是在填充床状态下进行操作，因而在竖管中积聚的压力得以提高。
此外，由本发明提供的改进的密度均匀性能够使得进入竖管的催化剂的密度高于现有技术的设计，实际上，这可通过调节吹气速率而进行调节从而获得较高的密度，由此带来益处。较高的竖管密度提供了更高的竖管头压力以及由此沿着再生催化剂滑阀更高的ΔP。而且，较高的密度意味着较少的夹带气体进入反应器。来自再生器的夹带气体大部分为不可冷凝的(N2和CO2)，这增加了湿气压缩机的负荷。此外，如果在再生器中使用过量氧气，则较少的氧气将被夹带至反应器，从而在汽油和酸性水中生成较少的非理想产物。
附图说明
图1为引入本发明的催化剂回收井的用于碳氢化合物的流化催化裂化的反应器/催化剂汽提器系统的平面示意图。
图2为本发明的回收井的详细平面示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明将描述在催化剂再生器与提升管反应器之间的回收井，尽管该构思可应用于在其他容器之间，如汽提器与催化剂再生器之间的井。
参见图1，其显示了由提升管反应器4、沉降器容器6和再生器8组成的流化催化裂化系统2。在通常的操作中，来自竖管10的热再生催化剂进入提升管反应器4，其中热再生催化剂与通过喷嘴12提供的碳氢化合物原料接触。本领域技术人员应该理解的是，流化催化裂化系统2通常性质上显示提升管4位于沉降器6的内部，但提升管4也可位于沉降器6的外部。同样地，可以使用任何原料喷嘴构造。流化催化裂化系统的构造对于本发明不是关键的。本发明的关键在于使用改进的催化剂回收井14，下文将对其进行更充分地描述。
返回图1，在提升管反应器4中，碳氢化合物原料与热再生催化剂在本领域技术人员公知的催化裂化条件下接触从而得到废催化剂和裂化产物。提升管的顶部经由内部传送导管连接至分离系统16。而且，在本发明的实践中可使用本领域技术人员公知的任何分离系统，例如但不限于粗切(rough cut)、封闭系统、开放系统、封闭耦合系统等。分离系统16从裂化气分离废催化剂，其中裂化气经由连接导管22、19和30进入反应器旋流器28中。分离的催化剂经由料腿24离开分离器16并进入催化剂密相床26中。
裂化蒸汽通过入口30进入旋流器28中以分离夹带的微粒，产物蒸汽通过管路32离开沉降器容器用于下游加工。另外分离的催化剂通过料腿34回收并进入密相床26中。
将密相床26流体化，该密相床起到蒸汽汽提器的作用，其中蒸汽通过蒸汽环36提供。正如本领域技术人员所公知，在汽提器/密相床26中也可任选地使用折流板或填料38。汽提从催化剂中除去挥发性碳氢化合物，所述挥发性碳氢化合物离开密相床26，进入分离系统中的分离室，在那里其与来自分离器的裂化蒸汽结合然后进入连接导管22。
经由竖管40从密相床回收汽提的废催化剂。竖管40可包括本领域技术人员公知的任何竖管。此外，尽管图1中未显示，本发明设想本发明的催化剂回收井可与该汽提器竖管40结合使用，其使用方式与下文所述的与再生器竖管14结合使用的方式相同。
为方便起见，图1显示了单级再生器8。在本发明的实践中可使用本领域技术人员公知的任何再生器构造，且本发明并不限于单级再生器。汽提催化剂进入密相流化床42，其中催化剂通过气动环44与氧气接触。燃烧焦炭以得到烟道气，所述烟道气离开密相床42并进入再生器8的上方稀相46。在旋风分离器48中除去夹带的催化剂颗粒，其中烟道气经由管路50离开，分离的催化剂经由料腿52返回密相床。
再生催化剂经由导管54从再生器回收并进入本发明的催化剂回收井14中。通过在井内配备内部构件，催化剂回收井14可提供井内的再生催化剂的基本上均匀的分布、不流化床的基本上均匀的再流化、气泡再次夹带至竖管的减少、在再生催化剂竖管56(并沿着滑阀58)中较大的压力恢复以及改进的催化剂循环。
催化剂回收井配有内部构件60。如图2所示，回收井14从导管54接收再生催化剂。催化剂通过开放空间落入内部构件，在图2的情况下，所述内部构件为位于流化气动环64上方的两层填料。在气动环64上方的填料的层的数目可以在1至12间变化，但优选约2至7，特别优选约2至5。
填料的类型也可以改变，获自Koch Glitsch的KFBETM是典型的填料。还可使用其他类型的内部构件，例如折流板，或者折流板与填料的组合。
在内部构件上方和在再生催化剂进入点下方的间隔量62也可改变，但优选为1至10英尺，从而提供催化剂流动的空间。
在流化气体分配器下方也可包括另外的填料66或其他内部构件，优选大约2-3层填料。流化气体可包括蒸汽、氮气、空气、其他惰性气体或燃料气。流化环可为单个或多个环，或者包括网状导管分布器。在井14的顶部提供排气口68从而除去过量的流化气体，所述过量的流化气体经管路70返回再生器8的稀相46中。
然后通过竖管56从井14回收再生催化剂，并通过滑阀58和竖管10再循环至提升管反应器4中。
调节回收井和竖管的直径，使得催化剂在井中的速率为0.1至2.5英尺/秒，在竖管中的速率为3至12英尺/秒。
上述专利引入本文中作为参考。
根据以上的详细描述，本领域技术人员可以想到本发明的很多变体。所有这些显而易见的改变均落在权利要求书旨在保护的全部范围内。

Claims (12)

1.一种包括接收井的催化剂回收井，所述接收井包括催化剂入口、蒸汽出口、流化系统和催化剂出口，其中：
所述催化剂入口位于所述接收井的至少一侧，
所述蒸汽出口位于朝向所述接收井的上端，
所述流化系统位于朝向所述接收井的底部，
所述催化剂出口位于所述流化系统的下方，
且其中所述催化剂回收井在所述催化剂入口下方和所述流化系统上方包括内部流动促进结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂回收井，其中所述内部结构包括折流板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂回收井，其中所述内部结构包括填料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的催化剂回收井，其中所述填料包括2至约9层的填料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂回收井，其自催化剂再生器接收再生催化剂，其中所述蒸汽出口与所述催化剂再生器的上方稀相有效连接，且所述催化剂出口与提升管反应器有效连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂回收井，其接收来自沉降器容器中的催化剂汽提器的汽提催化剂，其中所述蒸汽出口与所述沉降器容器的上方稀相有效连接，且所述催化剂出口与再生器有效连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂回收井，其进一步包括位于所述流化系统下方和所述催化剂出口上方的内部结构。
8.根据权利要求7所述的催化剂回收井，其中位于所述流化系统下方和所述催化剂出口上方的所述内部结构包括折流板、结构化填料或其混合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的催化剂回收井，其中位于所述流化系统下方和所述催化剂出口上方的所述结构化填料包括1至5层结构化填料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂回收井，其中调节所述回收井的直径使得催化剂在井中的速率为0.1至2.5英尺/秒。
11.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂回收井，其中调节所述竖管的直径使得催化剂在竖管中的速率为3至12英尺/秒。
12.根据权利要求11所述的催化剂回收井，其中调节所述竖管的直径使得催化剂在竖管中的速率为3至12英尺/秒。
CN2009801133328A 2008-04-23 2009-04-20 具有填料的催化剂回收井的改进操作 Pending CN102007200A (zh)

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