CN101999289A - Method for preventing and controlling water contamination in karst regions on basis of vegetation measures - Google Patents

Method for preventing and controlling water contamination in karst regions on basis of vegetation measures Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101999289A
CN101999289A CN2010102802916A CN201010280291A CN101999289A CN 101999289 A CN101999289 A CN 101999289A CN 2010102802916 A CN2010102802916 A CN 2010102802916A CN 201010280291 A CN201010280291 A CN 201010280291A CN 101999289 A CN101999289 A CN 101999289A
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water
spacing
karst
preventing
soil
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CN101999289B (en
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闫俊华
旷远文
李坤
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South China Botanical Garden of CAS
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South China Botanical Garden of CAS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling water contamination in karst regions on the basis of vegetation measures, which is to plant native species which have high capability of absorbing ions contaminating water from southwest China on karst sloping fields in a reasonably optimized planting manner. The method can achieve the effects of conserving water and soil, preventing water and soil from losing, absorbing mineral ions which are easy to lose and cause contamination in soil and finally preventing and controlling the water contamination in the karst regions. The method of the invention is very suitable for use in karst regions of seriously destroyed vegetation, violent water and soil loss and capacity of causing downstream water contamination for effectively preventing water loss and preventing and controlling contamination of downstream water; therefore, the method has a very bright application prospect and a very high value.

Description

A kind of method based on the karst water prevention and cure of pollution under the vegetation measure
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method of preventing and treating of water pollution, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing the vegetation measure to carry out water prevention and cure of pollution in the karst.
Background technology:
The karst, face of land fragmentation, the hillside fields is precipitous, and corrosion, water erosion effect are strong, are extreme fragile ecosystems, disturb responsively to external world, and ecological chain is subject to disturb and interrupt, and the resistance of system, stability and self-recovery ability are lower; Under human unreasonable activities is disturbed, be easy to be destroyed, the ecosystem is degenerated, and by top evergreen mixed deciduous forest, to herbosa's succession, is a contrary row succession via shrub shrubbery, filling grass; And soil and the face of land, underground water all can great changes will take place in this course; The change of group makes soil erosion, the soil layer attenuation, and the water and soil loss aggravation, soil nutrient content is also reducing.
Water and soil loss, the land resources that local peasant is depended on for existence is destroyed, and the soil nutrient of loss enters the downstream water body, can cause the pollution of downstream water body, and correlative study shows, in the karst, Ca in the water body 2+With HCO 3 -Content is abundant, but surface water and phreatic pollutant are mainly K +, Na +, Cl -, SO 4 2-And NO 3 -
Because these major pollutants are all soluble ion, in case enter water body, mobile big, be difficult to remove, prevent that it from entering is an efficient ways of control water pollution.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the soluble ion pollutant in the water body of vegetation measure absorption karst to carry out the karst water prevention and cure of pollution.
The inventor has certain influence according to the habitat for nutritive element content in the plant corpus, plant is to the long-term adaptation of environment, make them have bigger absorbing capacity for the abundant ion of content in the environment, plant is in active absorption soil in the necessary nutritive element, the principle of some nonessential elements in the absorption soil that also can be passive, select suitable plant species from the indigenous plant of karst, arbor is selected: castanopsis fissa (Quercus griffithii), monkey camphor tree (Cinnamomum bodinieri) and kalopanax septemlobus (Kalopanax septemlobus); Shrub is selected: Fructus Rhamni parvifoliae (Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge), Trifoliate Acanthopanax Root (Acanthopanax trifoliatus) and Chinese wild pepper (Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb.et Zucc.); Draft is selected: Chinese pothos herb (P.cathcartii Schott).Through the laboratory elementary analysis, the interior K content of the plant corpus that the present invention chose seeds is 2.08-3.16 times with the other plant in habitat, Ca content then is 2.47-3.89 times, main pollution-producing also is significantly higher than other kinds with the habitat in other water bodys, confirm to find that through the inventor these plants have strong absorbing capacity to elements such as Ca, K, Mg, N, can strong absorption of K +, Na +, Cl -, SO 4 2-And NO 3 -Ion, and can be stored in the body.Because this type of plant species is more intense for the absorbing capacity of the major pollutants matter in the water body of karst, the present invention is by planting this type of plant species in these areas, and carry out the reasonably optimizing planting patterns, can reach the loss that conserves water and soil, absorb in the soil mineral ions that easily runs off, easily causes pollution, finally reach the purpose that control karst water pollutes, thereby realized purpose of the present invention.
Method based on the karst water prevention and cure of pollution under the vegetation measure of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
A) species of one's native land of the southwestern karst of selection:
Arbor is selected: a kind of in castanopsis fissa (Quercus griffithii), monkey camphor tree (Cinnamomum bodinieri) and the kalopanax septemlobus (Kalopanax septemlobus) or several;
Shrub is selected: a kind of in Fructus Rhamni parvifoliae (Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge), Trifoliate Acanthopanax Root (Acanthopanax trifoliatus) and the Chinese wild pepper (Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb.et Zucc.) or several;
Draft is selected: Chinese pothos herb (P.cathcartii Schott);
B) earlier above-mentioned species of one's native land nursery is cultivated, when rainy season, cultured Nursery stock transplanting is planted to the karst slope then; The plantation mode is taked the Qiao Guancao plantation that combines, and plants between tall the filling, and at it down, the plantation herbaceous plant is to cover the face of land; Arbor spacing in the rows 2.0-2.5m, line-spacing 3.0-4.0m, shrub spacing in the rows 0.3-0.5m, line-spacing 0.5-0.8m, draft spacing in the rows 0.2-0.3m, line-spacing 0.3-0.5m; Cultivate in described nursery is to make arbor grow to plant height 1.5-2.5m, and shrub grows to plant height 0.5-0.7m, and draft grows to plant height 0.1-0.3m;
C) at transplant early, often water, to guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock, then carry out the conventional cultivation management.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the plant species chosen of the present invention is all dominant tree species, shrub and the herbaceous plant of karst, habitat to the karst adapts to very much, grow, abundant and be the leading ion that causes the downstream water body pollution for content in the environment, have bigger absorbing capacity, and can not cause biotic intrusion.
2. take Qiao to irritate the planting patterns of careless combination, plant between tall the filling, it sows grass planting originally, more abundant for space utilization, make full use of karst sufficient amount of heat, moisture condition, bring into play the regional plant productivity to greatest extent, the powerful leading ion that absorbs water pollution.
3. selected plant not only can the conservation of soil and water, and the control water pollution obtains good ecological benefits, also has certain medical value, obtains economic benefit.
The method utmost point of the present invention is adapted at that vegetation deterioration is serious, water and soil loss is violent, cause the karst of downstream water body pollution to use simultaneously, can prevent effectively that water body runs off, the downstream water body pollution is also had good control efficiency, therefore have extraordinary application prospect and value.
Embodiment:
Below be to further specify to of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Species: arbor is selected: castanopsis fissa (Quercus griffithii); Shrub is selected: Fructus Rhamni parvifoliae (Rhamnus parvifoliaBunge); Draft is selected: Chinese pothos herb (P.cathcartii Schott);
Place: karst complex experiment station, Puding, Guizhou.
Earlier above-mentioned species of one's native land nursery is cultivated, when the arbor plant height is 1.5-2.5m, the shrub plant height is 0.5-0.7m, when the draft plant height is 0.1-0.3m, with the cultured plant in above-mentioned nursery, when rainy season, migrates to the plantation of karst slope; The plantation mode is taked the Qiao Guancao plantation that combines, and plants between tall the filling, and at it down, the plantation herbaceous plant is to cover the face of land; Arbor spacing in the rows 2.0, line-spacing 4.0m, shrub spacing in the rows 0.3m, line-spacing 0.8m, draft spacing in the rows 0.2m, line-spacing 0.5m; At transplant early, often water, to guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock, then carry out the conventional cultivation management.
Contrast: the hillside fields under the natural conditions that are left intact.
Hillside fields through present embodiment is handled contrasts the hillside fields under the natural conditions that are left intact, and can reduce the soil nutrient of loss significantly, reduces water pollution; SO 4 2-Ion is 0.36 times of contrast, NH 4 -It is 0.29 times.The test block water quality totally reaches I-II class water quality, and water quality is good; Its water quality is II-IV water quality under the natural conditions, and water quality is subjected to obvious influence.
Embodiment 2:
Species: arbor is selected: monkey camphor tree (Cinnamomum bodinieri); Shrub is selected: Trifoliate Acanthopanax Root (Acanthopanax trifoliatus); Draft is selected: Chinese pothos herb (P.cathcartii Schott).
Place: karst complex experiment station, Puding, Guizhou.
Earlier above-mentioned species of one's native land nursery is cultivated, when the arbor plant height is 1.5-2.5m, the shrub plant height is 0.5-0.7m, when the draft plant height is 0.1-0.3m, with the cultured plant in above-mentioned nursery, when rainy season, migrates to the plantation of karst slope; The plantation mode is taked the Qiao Guancao plantation that combines, and plants between tall the filling, and at it down, the plantation herbaceous plant is to cover the face of land; Arbor spacing in the rows 2.5m, line-spacing 3.0m, shrub spacing in the rows 0.5m, line-spacing 0.5m, draft spacing in the rows 0.3m, line-spacing 0.3m.At transplant early, often water, to guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock, then carry out the conventional cultivation management.
Contrast: the hillside fields under the natural conditions that are left intact.
Hillside fields through present embodiment is handled contrasts the hillside fields under the natural conditions that are left intact, and can reduce the soil nutrient of loss significantly, reduces water pollution; SO 4 2-Ion is 0.36 times of contrast, NH 4 -It is 0.29 times.The test block water quality totally reaches I-II class water quality, and water quality is good; Its water quality is II-IV water quality under the natural conditions, and water quality is subjected to obvious influence.
Embodiment 3:
Seeds: arbor is selected: castanopsis fissa (Quercus griffithii) and kalopanax septemlobus (Kalopanax septemlobus); Shrub is selected: Chinese wild pepper (Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb.et Zucc.) and Trifoliate Acanthopanax Root (Acanthopanax trifoliatus); Draft is selected: Chinese pothos herb (P.cathcartii Schott).
Place: karst complex experiment station, Puding, Guizhou.
Earlier above-mentioned species of one's native land nursery is cultivated, when the arbor plant height is 1.5-2.5m, the shrub plant height is 0.5-0.7m, when the draft plant height is 0.1-0.3m, with the cultured plant in above-mentioned nursery, when rainy season, migrates to the plantation of karst slope; The plantation mode is taked the Qiao Guancao plantation that combines, and plants between tall the filling, and at it down, the plantation herbaceous plant is to cover the face of land; Arbor spacing in the rows 2.0m, line-spacing 3.0m, shrub spacing in the rows 0.3m, line-spacing 0.6m, draft spacing in the rows 0.2m, line-spacing 0.3m.At transplant early, often water, to guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock, then carry out the conventional cultivation management.
Contrast: the hillside fields under the natural conditions that are left intact.
Hillside fields through present embodiment is handled contrasts the hillside fields under the natural conditions that are left intact, and can reduce the soil nutrient of loss significantly, reduces water pollution; SO 4 2-Ion is 0.36 times of contrast, NH 4 -It is 0.29 times.The test block water quality totally reaches I-II class water quality, and water quality is good; Its water quality is II-IV water quality under the natural conditions, and water quality is subjected to obvious influence.

Claims (1)

1. method based on the karst water prevention and cure of pollution under the vegetation measure, its feature comprises the steps:
A) species of one's native land of the southwestern karst of selection:
Arbor is selected: a kind of in castanopsis fissa (Quercus griffithii), monkey camphor tree (Cinnamomum bodinieri) and the kalopanax septemlobus (Kalopanax septemlobus) or several;
Shrub is selected: a kind of in Fructus Rhamni parvifoliae (Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge), Trifoliate Acanthopanax Root (Acanthopanax trifoliatus) and the Chinese wild pepper (Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb.et Zucc.) or several;
Draft is selected: Chinese pothos herb (P.cathcartii Schott);
B) earlier above-mentioned species of one's native land nursery is cultivated, when rainy season, cultured Nursery stock transplanting is planted to the karst slope then; The plantation mode is taked the Qiao Guancao plantation that combines, and plants between tall the filling, and at it down, the plantation herbaceous plant is to cover the face of land; Arbor spacing in the rows 2.0-2.5m, line-spacing 3.0-4.0m, shrub spacing in the rows 0.3-0.5m, line-spacing 0.5-0.8m, draft spacing in the rows 0.2-0.3m, line-spacing 0.3-0.5m; Cultivate in described nursery is to make arbor grow to plant height 1.5-2.5m, and shrub grows to plant height 0.5-0.7m, and draft grows to plant height 0.1-0.3m;
C) at transplant early, often water, to guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock, then carry out the conventional cultivation management.
CN2010102802916A 2010-09-10 2010-09-10 Method for preventing and controlling water contamination in karst regions on basis of vegetation measures Expired - Fee Related CN101999289B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102550363A (en) * 2012-01-17 2012-07-11 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Method for culturing seedlings of Karst habitat forest trees
CN102557268A (en) * 2012-01-18 2012-07-11 重庆文理学院 Application of Eriobotrya japonica to purification of livestock and poultry breeding biogas slurry
CN103397613A (en) * 2013-07-02 2013-11-20 沈阳农业大学 Biological check dam used for erosion gully control and construction method
CN105794456A (en) * 2016-03-22 2016-07-27 广西科技大学鹿山学院 Method for repairing rocky desertification mountain land through interplanting of cornus wilsoniana, raspberry trees and ivy
CN112456650A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-09 桂林理工大学 Constructed wetland system suitable for remaining organic pesticide of karst district agricultural is got rid of

Citations (1)

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CN101543168A (en) * 2009-05-08 2009-09-30 贵州边坡生态防护研究所有限责任公司 method for planting vegetation on the karst area slope

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CN101543168A (en) * 2009-05-08 2009-09-30 贵州边坡生态防护研究所有限责任公司 method for planting vegetation on the karst area slope

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102550363A (en) * 2012-01-17 2012-07-11 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Method for culturing seedlings of Karst habitat forest trees
CN102550363B (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-06-19 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Method for culturing seedlings of Karst habitat forest trees
CN102557268A (en) * 2012-01-18 2012-07-11 重庆文理学院 Application of Eriobotrya japonica to purification of livestock and poultry breeding biogas slurry
CN102557268B (en) * 2012-01-18 2014-03-26 重庆文理学院 Application of Eriobotrya japonica in purification of livestock and poultry breeding biogas slurry
CN103397613A (en) * 2013-07-02 2013-11-20 沈阳农业大学 Biological check dam used for erosion gully control and construction method
CN103397613B (en) * 2013-07-02 2016-07-06 沈阳农业大学 A kind of method of construction of the biological check dam administered for erosion groove
CN105794456A (en) * 2016-03-22 2016-07-27 广西科技大学鹿山学院 Method for repairing rocky desertification mountain land through interplanting of cornus wilsoniana, raspberry trees and ivy
CN112456650A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-09 桂林理工大学 Constructed wetland system suitable for remaining organic pesticide of karst district agricultural is got rid of
JP2022087782A (en) * 2020-12-01 2022-06-13 桂林理工大学 Artificial wetland system suitable to removal of agricultural residual organic agrochemical in karst region
JP7137873B2 (en) 2020-12-01 2022-09-15 桂林理工大学 An engineered wetland system suitable for the removal of agricultural pesticide residues in karst areas

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