CN101995842B - 一种机床进给控制方法及其实现装置 - Google Patents

一种机床进给控制方法及其实现装置 Download PDF

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CN101995842B
CN101995842B CN 200910101955 CN200910101955A CN101995842B CN 101995842 B CN101995842 B CN 101995842B CN 200910101955 CN200910101955 CN 200910101955 CN 200910101955 A CN200910101955 A CN 200910101955A CN 101995842 B CN101995842 B CN 101995842B
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CN101995842A (zh
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俞朝杰
章跃军
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Zhejiang tuoman Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

一种机床进给控制方法及其实现装置，属于切削机床技术领域。现有一般机床进给采用的PLC直接驱动式控制方法抗干扰能力差、进给速度和精度受限制、操作繁杂，本发明采用反馈间接驱动式控制方法，PLC通过电线与脉冲发生器连接控制脉冲发生器的启动和停止，脉冲发生器通过电线与步进电机驱动器连接向步进电机驱动器发送脉冲信号，步进电机驱动器与步进电机连接驱动步进电机运转，步进电机转轴与丝杠副丝杠连接，进给滑板安装于导轨，丝杠副滑块和进给滑板固定连接，导轨两端设置两个行程开关感应进给滑板位置，两个行程开关分别通过电线与PLC连接向PLC反馈信号。本发明进给速度和精度高、操作简便。

Description

一种机床进给控制方法及其实现装置
技术领域
  本发明属于切削机床技术领域，尤其与一种机床进给控制方法及其实现装置有关。
背景技术
目前，一般的机床进给机构大都采用PLC直接驱动式控制方法，包括滑板、导轨、丝杠副和步进电机，滑板安装在导轨上直线滑移，丝杠副的滑块与滑板固定连接，丝杠副的丝杠与步进电机转轴固定连接，步进电机的旋转通过丝杆副的传动转化为滑板的直线移动；步进电机与步进电机驱动器连接，步进电机驱动器通过电线与PLC连接；机床进行进给运动时，PLC发出脉冲给步进电机驱动器，步进电机根据脉冲的数量驱动步进电机旋转圈数，滑板的进给移动位移量和进给速度由PLC发出的脉冲数量和速度控制，PLC的脉冲数量和速度数据根据要求设定。这样的机床进给控制方法抗干扰能力差，步进电机容易丢步，导致进给精度产生误差，并且同台机器加工过程中产生的误差要产生累积，增大了误差范围；由于一般的PLC最大脉冲量只有20K/S，则脉冲速度比较小，使得进给速度也受到限制；进给速度和位置通过数据设定来改变，数据设定操作繁杂，容易出错，造成机床撞车；由于进给机构本身存在机械误差，但是PLC无法对机械误差进行补偿控制，也就无法消除进给移动中的机械误差，降低了进给精度。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要解决现有一般机床进给采用PLC直接驱动式控制方法存在的抗干扰能力差、进给速度受限制、数据设定操作繁杂、不进行误差补偿的缺陷，提供一种抗干扰能力强、进给精度高、加工效率高、操作简便的机床进给控制方法及其实现装置。为此，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种机床进给控制方法，其特征是，通过脉冲发生器输出脉冲信号控制对步进电机的驱动，通过PLC发出指令控制脉冲发生器的启动和停机，通过行程开关定位感应进给滑板位置后反馈信号控制PLC发出指令，首先由PLC向脉冲发生器发送启动指令，脉冲发生器开始不间断的给步进电机驱动器发送脉冲信号，步进电机根据脉冲信号驱动步进电机运转，电机运转带动丝杠旋转，丝杠旋转驱动丝杠副的滑块直线运动，滑块带同进给滑板直线滑移，进给滑板移动到第二行程开关处触发第二行程开关，第二行程开关向PLC反馈信号，PLC根据反馈信号向脉冲发生器发出停机指令，进给滑板完成进给前进；完成进给前进后开始进给后退，同样首先由PLC向脉冲发生器发送启动指令，开始又一个控制过程，进给滑板滑移到第一行程开关处触发第一行程开关，PLC根据反馈信号向脉冲发生器发出停机指令，进给滑板完成进给后退。
一种上述方法的实现装置，包括PLC、步进电机驱动器、步进电机、丝杠副、导轨和进给滑板，步进电机与步进电机驱动器连接，步进电机转轴与丝杠副的丝杠连接，进给滑板安装于导轨，丝杠副的滑块和进给滑板固定连接，其特征是：所述的实现装置还包括脉冲发生器和第一、第二两个行程开关，脉冲发生器通过电线分别与PLC和步进电机驱动器连接，第一、第二两个行程开关分别设置于导轨两端。本发明两个行程开关的距离根据进给行程而定。
本发明采用反馈间接驱动式控制方法，具有以下突出特点和有益效果：1、进给移动定位进度受行程开关控制，而不是通过脉冲个数来控制，可以避免步进电机丢步和脉冲干扰，提高了定位精度；2、进给移动定位由行程开关控制，可以消除丝杠副移动机械误差，提高了定位精度；3、使用专用脉冲发生器发出脉冲控制进给移动速度，不受PLC脉冲速度限制，可以加快进给移动速度，提高加工效率；4、脉冲发生器的脉冲速度调节变换使用电位器，无需进行繁杂的数据设定操作，调整方便直观，操作简单，不容易出错。 
附图说明
图1是本发明装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述。
本发明采用反馈间接驱动式控制方法，通过脉冲发生器输出脉冲信号控制对步进电机的驱动，通过PLC发出指令控制脉冲发生器的启动和停机，通过行程开关定位感应进给滑板位置后反馈信号控制PLC发出指令，首先由PLC向脉冲发生器发送启动指令，脉冲发生器开始不间断的给步进电机驱动器发送脉冲信号，步进电机根据脉冲信号驱动步进电机运转，电机运转带动丝杠旋转，丝杠旋转驱动丝杠副的滑块直线运动，滑块带同进给滑板直线滑移，进给滑板移动到第二行程开关处触发第二行程开关，第二行程开关向PLC反馈信号，PLC根据反馈信号向脉冲发生器发出停机指令，进给滑板完成进给前进；完成进给前进后开始进给后退，同样首先由PLC向脉冲发生器发送启动指令，开始又一个控制过程，进给滑板滑移到第一行程开关处触发第一行程开关，PLC根据反馈信号向脉冲发生器发出停机指令，进给滑板完成进给后退。。
如图1所示，本发明装置包括PLC 1、脉冲发生器2、步进电机驱动器3、步进电机4、丝杠副6、导轨5、进给滑板7、第一行程开关8和第二行程开关9，PLC 1通过电线与脉冲发生器2连接控制脉冲发生器2的启动和停机，脉冲发生器2通过电线与步进电机驱动器3连接，脉冲发生器2步进电机驱动器3与步进电机4连接驱动步进电机4运转，步进电机4的转轴与丝杠副6的丝杠连接，步进电机4的转动带动丝杠旋转，丝杠的旋转转化为丝杠副6的滑块直线移动，进给滑板7安装于导轨5，丝杠副6的滑块和进给滑板7固定连接带动进给滑板7滑移，第一行程开关8和第二行程开关9分别设置于导轨5两端感应进给滑板7的位置，第一行程开关8和第二行程开关9分别通过电线与PLC 1连接向PLC 1反馈信号，进给滑板7触发行程开关后行程开关向PLC反馈信号由PLC发出指令控制脉冲发生器停机。

Claims (2)

1.一种机床进给控制方法，其特征是：通过脉冲发生器输出脉冲信号控制对步进电机的驱动，通过PLC发出指令控制脉冲发生器的启动和停机，通过行程开关定位感应进给滑板位置后反馈信号控制PLC发出指令，首先由PLC向脉冲发生器发送启动指令，脉冲发生器开始不间断的给步进电机驱动器发送脉冲信号，步进电机根据脉冲信号驱动步进电机运转，电机运转带动丝杠旋转，丝杠旋转驱动丝杠副的滑块直线运动，滑块带同进给滑板直线滑移，进给滑板移动到第二行程开关处触发第二行程开关，第二行程开关向PLC反馈信号，PLC根据反馈信号向脉冲发生器发出停机指令，进给滑板完成进给前进；完成进给前进后开始进给后退，同样首先由PLC向脉冲发生器发送启动指令，开始又一个控制过程，进给滑板滑移到第一行程开关处触发第一行程开关，PLC根据反馈信号向脉冲发生器发出停机指令，进给滑板完成进给后退。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的方法的实现装置，包括PLC（1）、步进电机驱动器（3）、步进电机（4）、丝杠副（6）、导轨（5）和进给滑板（7），步进电机（4）与步进电机驱动器（3）连接，步进电机（4）的转轴与丝杠副（6）的丝杠连接，进给滑板（7）安装于导轨（5），丝杠副（6）的滑块和进给滑板（7）固定连接，其特征是：所述的实现装置还包括脉冲发生器（2）和第一行程开关（8）和第二行程开关（9），脉冲发生器（2）通过电线分别与PLC（1）和步进电机驱动器（3）连接，第一行程开关（8）、第二行程开关（9）分别设置于导轨（5）两端。
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CN102974841B (zh) * 2012-11-26 2015-04-01 安徽长青电子机械（集团）有限公司 一种带自动机械控制的加工车床
CN103551903A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-05 桂林机床电器有限公司 一种机床进给的实现装置
CN109454342B (zh) * 2018-11-19 2021-06-25 江苏金海创科技有限公司 平移式红光预览装置
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