CN101984796B - Method for culturing large pearls by using clam visceral sac implanted nucleuses - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing large pearls by using clam visceral sac implanted nucleuses. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: determining three nucleus implanting positions, namely a ridge nucleus position, an abdominal foot nucleus position and an annular intestine nucleus position capable of culturing the pearls in clam visceral sacs according to the size and physique conditions of clams, then implanting 1 to 3 pearl nucleuses and small cell fragments into the selected position in the three nucleus positions, putting the clams implanted with nucleuses back to a culture water area to culture the pearls, and harvesting free large pearls from the visceral sacs of the clams after the cultured pearls are mature. The method for implanting the nucleuses and culturing the pearls by selecting the three key nucleus implanting positions of the visceral sacs of the clams, namely the ridge nucleus position, the abdominal foot nucleus position and the annular intestine nucleus position effectively improves the pearl forming rate by fully using the characteristics of large gonad positions of the three nucleus positions adaptive to culturing the pearls, few intestines and visceral organs affecting nucleus implantation and the like; the nucleus implanted mother clams have extremely low death rate and high implanted pearl nucleus retention rate and high-quality pearl rate; and the method has remarkable economic benefit and social benefit, and can be applied to scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for pearl culture, particularly a kind of cultural method of planting nuclear cultivation large pearl with the freshwater mussel internal sac.
Background technology
After China's pearl sector has passed through the low tide one over 3 years, be in the slow recovery phase.But the ordinary skill product still is difficult to the investment repayment that obtains.For example: the hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane is planted the no nucleus pearl that sheet is cultivated, 500 yuan of the about RMB of per kilogram, every pearl culturing clam grow cultured pearls 15 yuan of about 30 grams of 5 years cycles results pearl once, value, and profit is very low.So I have applied for " with the nuclear insertion method of fresh water freshwater mussel cultured pearl " patent of invention (CN1294844A) on June 20th, 2000, when it is employed in the freshwater mussel outer embrane implanting tissue cell small pieces, implants the pearl that is made with shell together and examine.Surround pearl nucleus owing to the hyperplasia of cell small pieces forms pearl sac, pearl sac secretion nacre is plated in pearl nuclear and goes up and be formed with nucleus pearl.Because of outer embrane is planted the nucleated pearl that nuclear is cultivated, can gather in the crops in 5 years three batches of pearls totally 20 grams, be worth 60 yuan, so profit is than no nucleus pearl Senior Three times.Wherein, In order further to improve the profit of pearl culture, I have applied for " a kind of cultural method of nucleus regenerated pearl " patent of invention (CN1294846A) again on September 22nd, 2000, have utilized pearl culturing clam repeatedly to plant nuclear fully and have grown cultured pearls; Grow cultured pearls the cycle thereby shorten; Reduce aquaculture cost, improve and culture economic benefit, social benefit and the ecological benefits of growing cultured pearls, for significant contribution has been made in the development of water pearl culture industry.
But single mantle is outside planted nuclear and is cultivated pearl, and its production capacity of growing cultured pearls does not also make full use of.Although just have the people in research the domestic and international seventies in last century, plant nuclear at the freshwater mussel internal sac and cultivate fresh water pearl, because technical elements is not applied in the industrialization production so far as yet.My this problem that begins one's study the eighties in last century is produced large pearl the nineties.But; Owing to planting nuclear location and planting the reason of nuclear volume; The internal sac of every female freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls can only be implanted 1 pearl nuclear; Bead yield rate is low, and also exists: plant the female freshwater mussel lethality of nuclear high, implant shortcomings such as the low and high-quality pearl rate of pearl nuclear core-remaining rate is low, the economic benefit that is applied to large-scale production is not ideal enough and a large amount of productions are not arranged.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to above-mentioned existing problems and deficiency, provide a kind of bead yield rate and high quality pearl rate high, economic benefit and obvious social benefit, what can be used for large-scale production plants the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl with the freshwater mussel internal sac.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Cultural method of planting nuclear cultivation large pearl with the freshwater mussel internal sac according to the invention; Be characterized in: elder generation is according to size and the physique situation of freshwater mussel; Plant nuclear location for three that confirm to grow cultured pearls in the freshwater mussel internal sac: ridge nuclear position, abdominal foot nuclear position, ring intestines nuclear position; Chosen position is implanted 1-3 grain pearl nuclear and cell small pieces in these three nuclear positions then, will plant freshwater mussel behind the nuclear again and put back to culture to culture in the waters and grow cultured pearls, and can from the internal sac of freshwater mussel, gather in the crops the large pearl that dissociates after the maturation of growing cultured pearls.
Bigger because of the gonad position that these three nuclear positions are adapted to grow cultured pearls, it is less that the internal organs of nuclear are planted in intestines and influence, can be as planting the nuclear position of growing cultured pearls.Particularly ridge nuclear position can be used as first selection that every pearl culturing clam is planted a nuclear; Second selection is abdominal foot nuclear position; Female freshwater mussel that internal sac is big and strong can increase ring intestines nuclear position.
Before the freshwater mussel internal sac being planted nuclear, to carry out the art pre-treatment to it.1., plant the adjusting of physiological status before the nuclear freshwater mussel art above-mentioned art pre-treatment comprises:; 2., plant the preceding anaesthetic treatment of nuclear freshwater mussel art.The adjusting of physiological status is to make freshwater mussel gonad be controlled at incomplete maturity state before the wherein above-mentioned art.The purpose of doing like this is to make when nuclear is planted in operation; Ripe gonad can not separated out in a large number and guaranteed to plant the effect that nuclear is grown cultured pearls; Because if freshwater mussel gonad is planted nuclear when being in the full maturity state; Ripe gonad will be separated out in a large number and influenced and plant the effect that nuclear is grown cultured pearls, as causes the pearl nuclear and the cell small pieces of implantation to be difficult to be close to, as a result low, the pearl quality difference of bead yield rate etc.Above-mentioned anaesthetic treatment is to use anaesthetic to soak, and makes the muscular relaxation of operation freshwater mussel closed shell, and active state temporarily lowly is convenient to implement and is planted the nuclear operation.
, freshwater mussel to carry out the postoperative recuperation after being planted nuclear, in order to recovering normal physiological status.
Said postoperative recuperation comprises:
(1), select to have the waters of unhurried current to culture, in order to recovering normal physiological status;
(2), the wound that makes freshwater mussel operation plant nuclear location upwards keep flat hang foster.
The present invention is owing to be chosen in ridge nuclear position, abdominal foot nuclear position, these three keys of ring intestines nuclear position of freshwater mussel internal sac and plant nuclear location and plant the method that nuclear is grown cultured pearls; Characteristics such as the internal organs of made full use of that the gonad position that these three nuclear positions are adapted to grow cultured pearls is big, nuclear is planted in intestines and influence are less; Not only making the internal sac of every female freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls can according to circumstances implant 2-3 grain pearl nuclear grows cultured pearls and effectively improves its bead yield rate; And plant the female freshwater mussel lethality of nuclear extremely low, implant pearl nuclear core-remaining rate and the high quality pearl rate high; Economic benefit and obvious social benefit can be applicable to large-scale production.And the freshwater mussel internal sac is planted before the nuclear will be to the method for art pre-treatments such as its adjusting of carrying out physiological status before the art and anaesthetic treatment because the present invention also is employed in, and has further guaranteed to plant the effect that nuclear grows cultured pearls and has made things convenient for and planted carrying out in passing of nuclear work.Method bead yield rate of the present invention and high quality pearl rate height, economic benefit and obvious social benefit, the internal sac that can be widely used in various pearl culturing clams is planted the large-scale production that nuclear is cultivated large pearl.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 plants the structural representation of nuclear location at the freshwater mussel internal sac for the present invention.
Embodiment
Cultural method of planting nuclear cultivation large pearl with the freshwater mussel internal sac according to the invention; Comprise: earlier according to size and the physique situation of freshwater mussel, confirm that three keys can growing cultured pearls in the freshwater mussel internal sac plant nuclear location: as shown in Figure 1,6 is the freshwater mussel shell; 5 is outer embrane; 1 is internal sac, 4 for abdominal foot nuclear position, 3 for ring intestines nuclear position, 2 is ridge nuclear position, chosen position is implanted 1-3 grain pearl and is examined and the cell small pieces in these three nuclear positions then; To plant freshwater mussel behind the nuclear again and put back to culture to culture in the waters and grow cultured pearls, can from the internal sac of freshwater mussel, gather in the crops the large pearl that dissociates after the maturation of growing cultured pearls.
For guaranteeing core-remaining rate and the high-quality bead yield rate in the pearl culture process, the present invention will carry out the art pre-treatment to it before the freshwater mussel internal sac being planted nuclear.
1., plant the adjusting of physiological status before the nuclear freshwater mussel art above-mentioned art pre-treatment comprises:; 2., plant the preceding anaesthetic treatment of nuclear freshwater mussel art.The adjusting of physiological status is to make freshwater mussel gonad be controlled at incomplete maturity state before the wherein above-mentioned art, and this is only the optimum state of planting nuclear.Above-mentioned anaesthetic treatment is to use anaesthetic to soak, and makes the muscular relaxation of operation freshwater mussel closed shell, and active state temporarily lowly is convenient to implement and is planted the nuclear operation.
Through planting female freshwater mussel of nuclear operation, physique a little less than, in order to reduce the lethality of planting the female freshwater mussel of nuclear and to be beneficial to it and to recover normal physiological status, after freshwater mussel is planted nuclear, to carry out the postoperative recuperation.Said postoperative recuperation comprises:
(1), select to have the waters of unhurried current to culture, in order to recovering normal physiological status;
(2), the wound that makes freshwater mussel operation plant nuclear location upwards keep flat hang foster.
The wound of nuclear location is planted in operation, all is the left surface at female freshwater mussel soft body generally.So, when planting the postoperative female freshwater mussel recuperation of nuclear should with left surface upwards keep flat hang foster, with reduce the operation freshwater mussel dynamically, reduce and plant nuclear and take off the nuclear rate, impel wound healing and form pearl sac, improve the bead yield rate and the high-quality pearl rate of pearl culturing clam.
Be used for planting of present technique and examine the freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls: can be female freshwater mussel of artificial propagation, also can be natural female freshwater mussel; Can be to be used for planting female freshwater mussel that nuclear is grown cultured pearls for the first time, also can be female freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls in the mantle outside or in internal sac, having planted female freshwater mussel that nuclear was grown cultured pearls.So, be again the resource regeneration technology of female freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls, this to increase economic efficiency, social benefit and ecological benefits are all significant, meet the resources sustainable development strategy.
Technology among the present invention can make full use of various female freshwater mussel resources, in internal sac, cultivates large pearl.
Generally all more than Φ 10 ㎜, value can be calculated by particle, please refer to the minimum wholesale price of high quality pearl in the following form for the pearl that utilizes the present invention to produce, its specification:
| A pearl specification! ㎜) | Pearl price (unit/grain) | Remarks |
| Φ10—12 | 50 | ? |
| Φ12—14 | 300 | ? |
| Φ14—16 | 800 | ? |
| Φ16—18 | 3000 | ? |
| Φ18—20 | 10000 | ? |
| Φ20—22 | 30000 | ? |
Every pearl culturing clam is planted nuclear 2-3 grain, average 2.5, core-remaining rate in 80%, be 2, the factor of merit in 40%, be 0.8.The nucleated pearl that its economic benefit is cultivated than outer embrane is more than high ten times, economic benefit and obvious social benefit.
Embodiment below in conjunction with concrete is described in further detail the present invention:
Example one,The nuclear of planting of artificial propagation hydriopsis cumingii is performed the operation and cultural method.
1, preparation: the hydriopsis cumingii that is about 15cm with two ages of artificial propagation, body is planted nuclear grow cultured pearls female freshwater mussel and cell small pieces freshwater mussel as freshwater mussel.Plant the female freshwater mussel of nuclear and passed through about one month physiological function adjusting (also crying the adjusting of the preceding physiological status of art), this moment, the gonad of female freshwater mussel was in incomplete maturity state.Use anaesthetic to soak female freshwater mussel half an hour in the art precontract then, make the muscular relaxation of female freshwater mussel closed shell, active state temporarily lowly is convenient to implement and is planted the nuclear operation.Make the cell small pieces with the hydriopsis cumingii of the same age that does not need physiological function adjusting and anaesthetic treatment again, subsequent use with the pearl nuclear of Φ 8-9mm through washing and sterilizing.
2, plant nuclear for the first time and plant nuclear volume
Size and physique situation according to female freshwater mussel; Nuclear location is selected specifically to plant in these three nuclear positions in ridge nuclear position, abdominal foot nuclear position, ring intestines nuclear position at internal sac; Wherein ridge nuclear position can be used as first selection that every pearl culturing clam is planted a nuclear; Second selection is abdominal foot nuclear position, strengthens if the internal sac of female freshwater mussel is big, can increase the ring intestines and examine the position.Choose plant nuclear location after, do not implant the pearl nuclear and cell small pieces of 2-3 grain Φ 8-9mm with there being the wound nucleus sending device again, in above-mentioned three nuclear positions, implant the pearl of 1 Φ 8-9mm respectively and examine and the cell small pieces as being based on situation; Also can be in these two the nuclear positions in ridge nuclear position and abdominal foot nuclear position, to plant nuclear to grow cultured pearls.In planting the waters that after nuclear operation finishes female freshwater mussel is placed on the recuperation place, recuperate; And left surface upwards should be kept flat when planting the postoperative female freshwater mussel recuperation of nuclear hang foster; To reduce the dynamic of operation freshwater mussel; Reduce the nuclear rate of taking off of examining of planting; Impel wound healing and form pearl sac, improve the bead yield rate and the high-quality pearl rate of pearl culturing clam.
3, receive pearl for the first time and plant nuclear for the second time
Through growing cultured pearls about time 1.5-2, the nacre thickness in monolayer reaches about 1mm, and pearl is gathered in the crops in beginning for the first time, gathers in the crops pearl and grows cultured pearls with planting nuclear once more, uses " a kind of cultural method of nucleus regenerated pearl " patented technology, carries out planting the second time nuclear (down together).The about Φ 10-12mm of pearl of results for the first time, the about Φ 10-14mm of the pearl of implanting for the second time nuclear (utilize original pearl sac to cultivate to have the nuclear pearl that regenerates, plant nuclear the first time then need not replant) into the cell small pieces.Putting back to the culturing area pipe after operation finishes supports.
4, receive pearl for the second time and plant nuclear for the third time
Through about the 1.5 years time of growing cultured pearls, nacre reaches certain thickness, and the about Φ 12-16mm of pearl just carries out receiving the second time pearl, implants the about Φ 12-18mm of pearl nuclear simultaneously for the third time.Putting back to the culturing area pipe after the operation supports.
5, receive pearl and plant nuclear the 4th time for the third time
Through about the 1.5 years time of growing cultured pearls, nacre reaches certain thickness, and the about Φ 14-20mm of pearl just receives pearl for the third time, carries out implanting for the 4th time the about Φ 14-22mm of pearl nuclear simultaneously.Putting back to the culturing area pipe after the operation supports.
6, receive pearl (last once receipts pearl) the 4th time
The Best Times of the 4th results pearl mainly is to decide according to the age and the upgrowth situation of pearl culturing clam, and hydriopsis cumingii is under superior environment, and can reach 10 years vegetative period.Last results pearl, the pearl nuclear particle is big because of implanting, the older nacre secretion of pearl culturing clam is slower.If water environment is good, water quality is suitable, the pearly luster of pearl culturing clam secretion is good, and the cycle stretch-out of growing cultured pearls can obtain the above high-quality large pearl of Φ 20mm to 2-2.5.
Example two,Utilize the nuclear of planting of natural hydriopsis cumingii to perform the operation and cultural method.
1, preparation: select for use four ages, the natural hydriopsis cumingii more than body weight 750 grams as growing cultured pearls female freshwater mussel, regulate (adjusting of also being the preceding physiological status of art) through 2-3 month physiological function, the gonad of female freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls this moment is in incomplete maturity state.Use anaesthetic to soak art precontract female freshwater mussel of will growing cultured pearls half an hour then, make the muscular relaxation of freshwater mussel closed shell, active state is temporary transient low and be convenient to implement and plant the nuclear operation.Hydriopsis cumingii with artificial propagation in two ages is made the cell small pieces, and is subsequent use with the pearl nuclear sterilization of Φ 14-16mm.
2, plant nuclear for the first time and plant nuclear volume
Size and physique situation according to above female freshwater mussel; Chosen position in three nuclear positions (ridge nuclear position, abdominal foot nuclear position, ring intestines nuclear position) of internal sac; Implant the pearl nuclear of 2-3 grain Φ 14-16mm and with two cell small pieces that ages, hydriopsis cumingii was made, culture in the recuperation waters that is placed on unhurried current after operation finishes, in order to the normal physiological status of recovery; The pearl culturing clam that to become live after one month upwards keeps flat with net sheet cage mounted and the wound that makes its operation plant nuclear location and hangs fosterly, gets into the pipe of growing cultured pearls and supports.
3, receive pearl for the first time and plant nuclear for the second time
Through about the 2 years time of growing cultured pearls, the nacre thickness in monolayer reaches about 1mm, and pearl is gathered in the crops in beginning for the first time.The about Φ 16-18mm of pearl that gathers in the crops for the first time.Use " a kind of cultural method of nucleus regenerated pearl " patented technology behind the results pearl again, carry out planting the second time nuclear, the about Φ 16-20mm of pearl nuclear that implants for the second time.Putting back to the culturing area pipe after operation finishes supports.
4, receive pearl (last once receipts pearl) for the second time
The after-crop pearl also can be used as last results pearl, and its Best Times also is to decide according to the age and the upgrowth situation of pearl culturing clam mainly.If water environment is good, water quality is suitable, the pearly luster of pearl culturing clam secretion is good, and the cycle stretch-out of growing cultured pearls can obtain the above high-quality large pearl of Φ 20mm to 2-3.
Example three,Utilize the nuclear of planting of pearl culturing clam to perform the operation and cultural method.
1, preparation: select for use mantle outside to plant sheet or the pearl culturing clam of planting nuclear is planted nuclear female freshwater mussel of growing cultured pearls as internal sac, support through 2-3 month pipe and regulate; Hydriopsis cumingii with artificial propagation in two ages is made the cell small pieces; Pearl nuclear sterilization with Φ 14-16mm is subsequent use.
Below use plant nuclear technique, cultural method is identical with " routine two ".
Although the present invention describes with reference to specific embodiment, this description does not also mean that the present invention is constituted restriction.With reference to description of the invention; Other variations of the disclosed embodiments are (like reference method of the present invention; The nuclear of planting that utilizes that the internal sac of pearl culturing clam or the shellfish of other type carries out is grown cultured pearls etc.); Can expect all that to those skilled in the art this variation should belong in the affiliated claim institute restricted portion.
Claims (8)
1. plant the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl with the freshwater mussel internal sac for one kind; It is characterized in that: elder generation is according to size and the physique situation of freshwater mussel; Plant nuclear location for three that confirm to grow cultured pearls in the freshwater mussel internal sac: ridge nuclear position, abdominal foot nuclear position, ring intestines nuclear position; Chosen position is implanted 1-3 grain pearl nuclear and cell small pieces in these three nuclear positions then, will plant freshwater mussel behind the nuclear again and put back to culture to culture in the waters and grow cultured pearls, and can from the internal sac of freshwater mussel, gather in the crops the large pearl that dissociates after the maturation of growing cultured pearls.
2. plant the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl according to claim 1 is said with the freshwater mussel internal sac, it is characterized in that: before the freshwater mussel internal sac being planted nuclear, will carry out the art pre-treatment it.
1., plant the adjusting of physiological status before the nuclear freshwater mussel art 3. plant the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl according to claim 2 is said with the freshwater mussel internal sac, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned art pre-treatment comprises:; 2., plant the preceding anaesthetic treatment of nuclear freshwater mussel art.
4. plant the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl according to claim 3 is said with the freshwater mussel internal sac, it is characterized in that: the adjusting of physiological status is to make freshwater mussel gonad be controlled at incomplete maturity state before the above-mentioned art.
5. examine the cultural method of cultivating large pearl according to said the planting with the freshwater mussel internal sac of claim 3, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned anaesthetic treatment is to use anaesthetic to soak, and makes the muscular relaxation of operation freshwater mussel closed shell, and active state temporarily lowly is convenient to implement and is planted the nuclear operation.
6. plant the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl according to claim 1 is said with the freshwater mussel internal sac, it is characterized in that: after freshwater mussel is planted nuclear, will carry out the postoperative recuperation, said postoperative recuperation comprises:
(1), select to have the waters of unhurried current to culture, in order to recovering normal physiological status;
(2), the wound that makes freshwater mussel operation plant nuclear location upwards keep flat hang foster.
7. according to claim 1ly plant the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned female freshwater mussel or the natural female freshwater mussel of planting freshwater mussel that nuclear uses as artificial propagation with the freshwater mussel internal sac.
8. according to claim 1ly plant the cultural method that nuclear is cultivated large pearl, it is characterized in that: above-mentionedly plant freshwater mussel that nuclear uses for female freshwater mussel of being used for planting nuclear for the first time and growing cultured pearls or female freshwater mussel of having grown cultured pearls in the mantle outside or in internal sac, having planted female freshwater mussel that nuclear was grown cultured pearls with the freshwater mussel internal sac.
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| AU2013203092B2 (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-11-27 | David Chun Kit Wong | A nucleus for pearl cultivation, and a method of production thereof |
| CN103081835A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-05-08 | 抚州市洪门水库开发公司 | Method of embedding nuclei inside hyriopsis schlegeli for breeding oversized round-shaped pearls |
| CN103355229B (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2015-01-07 | 金华职业技术学院 | Immunostimulation generation method of pearl sac of pearl mussel |
| CN104186378B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-03-30 | 谢绍河 | One plants the efficient pearl culturing method of core with freshwater mussel abdominal foot position |
| CN104969890B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-04-27 | 谢绍河 | The cultural method grown cultured pearls with giant clam shellfish plant core |
| CN111264429B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-01-18 | 谢郁 | Method for breeding 3D baroque pearls |
| CN112640823A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-13 | 谢绍河 | 3D multi-core special-shaped pearl and culture method thereof |
| CN113693000A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-26 | 广东海洋大学 | Production method of steel gray pearls |
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