CN1019625B - 保护三相电源系统断路器的故障检测型固态跳闸装置 - Google Patents
保护三相电源系统断路器的故障检测型固态跳闸装置Info
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- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/34—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system
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Abstract
保护三相电源系统电路断路器的固态跳闸装置包括:一个故障类型检测电路,该电路将流过电源系统导线的电流(I1,I2,I3,In)与第一阈值S1和大于第一阈值S1的第二阈值S2比较,该电路提供一个代表某种类型故障的信号(A),当第一数目的电流低于第一阈值(S1),且第二数目的电流大于第二阈值(S2)时,表示单相故障或二极串联故障。
Description
本发明涉及一种保护三相电源系统断路器的固态跳闸装置,它包括:电流检测装置;传送正比于流过电源系统导体电流的模拟信号;以及一个电子处理单元,当上述信号加于其上,并在该信号超过预定阈值时,发出断路器跳闸指令。
用先有技术跳闸装置进行常规的保护功能,进行较长延时,短延时,瞬时跳闸,及可能的接地故障保护,它们对故障影响系统的一相或多相不作区分。在某些情况下,把不平衡故障作为影响三相的故障同样处理的先有技术的跳闸装置,提供不出合适的保护。
根据本发明,上述缺陷可由电子处理单元克服,该单元包括故障类型检测装置,这种装置包括上述信号与第一阈值的比较装置,与一个高于第一阈值的第二阈值的比较装置,以及可以确定至少一个第一信号的预定数目是否低于第一阈值,而同时,至少一个第二信号预定数目高于第二阈值。
根据第一实施例,通过确定系统的两根导线(在带中性线的三相系统中为三根导线)中流过的电流低于第一阈值,如约为1.5In数量级(In为断路器额定电流),而系统的另一根导线的电流大于第二阈值,如5In,即可检测出单相故障的存在。
当检测出一个单相故障时,电子处理单元即根据故障类型检测装置发送的信号来提供适当的保护。
尽管长时间和短时间的延时保护非常适合于三相故障,但在单相
故障情况下却显得过于迟钝,这种故障表明电源系统有不平衡,检测出这类故障则促使电子处理单元能够躲开上述长延时或短延时功能,并更快地跳开断路器。
根据本发明第二个实施例,对于一个带有中性线的三相系统,通过确定系统的两根导线中流过的电流低于第一阈值,例如为In数量级,而两根导线中的电流大于第二阈值,例如为2或3In数量级,即可检测出其“两串联极”(相同)类型故障的存在。
根据一个具体的实施例,由于电子处理单元包括具有接地故障保护功能的装置以及接地故障保护减敏装置,当测量的信号超过预定阈值时,当故障类型检测装置的输出信号,代表一个两串联极类型故障时,将阻止上述减敏装置动作。
本发明的其它优点和特征,通过下面对解释本发明的一个实施例的阐述将变得更加一目了然,上述解释性实施例仅仅作为一个非限制性例子并伴以附图说明,其中,
图1表示一个本发明能实现的跳闸装置的简化框图;
图2表示根据本发明实现的故障类型检测装置的最佳实施例;
图3表示减敏接地故障跳闸阈值与系统导线中最大电流的关系。
在图1中,具有三相导线1,2,3和一个中性导线N的一个三相配电系统,包括一个能在断开位置切断电路的断路器10。断路器10的机构12由一个极化继电器14控制以控制断路器在过载或短路情况下跳闸。每根导线(1,2,3,N)和一个电流互感器16相关,该电流互感器传送一个代表相关导线中电流的模拟信号。将这些信号提供给一个整流电路18,其输出I1,I2,I3和IN提供
给一个电子处理单元20,单元20的输出去控制极化继电器14。
跳闸装置实行标准保护方式,当系统中发生故障时实行相当长的延时和/或短延时跳闸。在此无需对这些保护方式进行详细描述,因为这已是本领域专业人员所熟知的。
根据本发明,单元20包括故障类型检测装置,其具体实施例示于图2。
将代表流过系统中各导线电流的信号I1,I2,I3和IN提供给故障类型检测装置的输入端。
在图2中,这些信号分别接在第一组放大器22-28的运算放大器之一的正向输入端,这第一组放大器的所有反向输入端连至单一阈值电压S1上。以这种方式,当相应的输入电流I1,I2,I3和IN大于阈值S1时,来自第一组放大器的输出信号A1,A2,A3,A4分别变为逻辑值1。同样地,第二组放大器30-36的运算放大器;在它们的正向输入端接收相应电流I1,I2,I3,IN,而它们的反向输入端连至单一的阈值电压S2。从而,当相应的输入电流大于阈值S2时,来自第二组放大器的输出信号A5,A6,A7,A8分别变为逻辑值1。
第一组放大器(22-28)的输出(A1-A4)分别由一个电阻(R1-R4)连至一个运算放大器38的反向输入端,该反向输入端还通过一个电阻R9连至电源电压Vcc,该电源电压也供电给所有运算放大器。放大器38的正向输入端连至一个参考电压S3。
第二组放大器(30-36)的输出(A5-A8)分别由一个电阻(R5-R8)连至一个运算放大器40的正向输入端,该正向
输入端还通过一个电阻R10连至电源电压Vcc,运算放大器40的反向输入端连至一个参考电压S4。
放大器38和40的输出A9和A10分别连至第一和第二二极管D1和D2的阴极,各二极管的阳极连至故障类型检测电路的输出A并且通过一个电阻R11连至电源电压。
图2的故障类型检测电路的工作将在下面描述。
连至放大器38的反向输入端的所有电阻(R1-R4和R9)是相同的,提供给该输入端的信号B1取下列值:
当A1=A2=A3=A4=0,即当所有测量的电流低于阈值S1时,B1=Vcc/5,
当电流之一大于S1时,B1=2Vcc/5,
当电流中的二个大于S1时,B1=3Vcc/5,
当电流的三个大于S1时,B1=4Vcc/5,
当所有电流大于S1(A1=A2=A3=A4=1)时B1=Vcc。
同样,连至运算放大器40正向输入端的所有电阻(R5-R8和R10)是相同的,提供给该输入端的信号B2取下列值:
当所有测量的电流低于阈值S2(A5=A6=A7=A8=0)时B2=Vcc/5,
当电流中的一个大于S2时,B2=2Vcc/5,
当电流中的二个大于S2时,B2=3Vcc/5,
当电流中的三个大于S2时,B2=4Vcc/5,
所有电流大于S2、(A5=A6=A7=A8=1时,B2=Vcc。
只要B1低于参考电压S3,则放大器38的输出信号A9为逻辑值1,一当B1大于S3,则A9变为逻辑值0,参考电压S3的选择可以在A9上获得一个表示信号A1,A2,A3,A4为逻辑值0的数目信号,从而表示电流中低于阈值S1的数目。
同样,只要B2低于电参考电压S4,则放大器40的输出信号A10为逻辑值0,当B2大于S4,则A10变为逻辑值1,参考电压S4的选择可以在A10上获得一个表示信号A5,A6,A7,A8为逻辑值1的数目信号,从而表示电流中大于阈值S2的数目。
二极管D1和D2在输出A9和A10之间进行逻辑“与”运算。只有二个输出A9和A10都为逻辑值1,故障类型检测电路的输出A才为逻辑值1。因此,信号A表示至少有一预定数目的电流低于阈值S1(A9=1),同时至少另外预定数目的电流大于阈值S2(A10=1)。
通过合适地选择阈值电压S1和S2以及参考电压S3和S4,可以检测出不同类型的故障。
根据第一个变换的实施例,参考电压S3和S4将这样选择:
2Vcc/5<S3<3Vcc/5
Vcc/5<S4<2Vcc/5
在这种条件下,当至少三个电流低于S1时信号A9为逻辑值1,以及至少一个电流大于S2时,信号A10为逻辑值1。阈值电压S2大于阈值电压S1的情况下,当三个电流低于S1同时一个电流大于S2时,故障类型检测电路的输出信号A才能变为逻辑值1,这样一个信号表示单相故障。为了提供一个非限制性例子,阈值电压S1和S2可以分别为1.5IN和5IN的数量级。
同样,可以对不包括中性线N的三相系统中检测出单相故障。在这种情况下,由于电路只包括三个输入I1,I2和I3,信号A必须代表二个电流均低于S1一个电流大于S2。为获得这一结果,参考电压S3和S4选择为:
Vcc/2<S3<3Vcc/4
Vcc/4<S4<Vcc/2
根据另一个变换的实施例,对于带中性线的一个三相系统,参考电压S3和S4将这样选择:
3Vcc/5<S3<4Vcc/5
2Vcc/5<S4<3Vcc/5
在这种条件下,当至少两个电流低于S1时,信号A9为逻辑值1以及至少两个电流大于S2时,信号A10为逻辑值1。阈值电压S2大于阈值电压S1的情况下,当二个电流低于S1同时二个电流大于S2时,故障类型检测电路的检出信号A才能变为逻辑值1。这种信号表示二串极故障,大于S2的相同故障电流流过系统的两根导线,同时,低于S1的相对小的电流流过系统的另外二根导线。为了提供一个非限制性例子,电压S1和S2可以分别选择为In和2或3IN的数量级。
在上面具体描述的实施例中,故障类型检测电路是一个模拟电路。本发明决不限制到这种类型的实施例,而恰恰相反,本发明可以用任何手段来完成,从而它可以同时决定第一预定数目的信号低于第一阈值S1且第二预定数目信号高于第二阈值S2。在以微处理机为基础的跳闸装置中,这可以直接通过将表示流过系统中各导线电流的信号(I1-IN)提供给微处理器而很自然地获得。
在检测出单相故障的情况下,跳闸装置中的电子处理单元20避开长或短延时功能而使断路器快速断开。
当检测的信号超过一个预定阈值时在进行接地保护且包括接地保护减敏装置的跳闸装置中,采用了一个两串联极型故障检测作为其一部分,当检测出两串联极型故障时,禁止这些减敏装置。的确,在一个多相系统中,当该系统的导线中电流高于某一阈值,如2In时,其矢量和,即使没有接地故障,也不为零。如此获得的信号被称之为假接地故障电流。为了避免由于非接地故障而是上述假接地故障电流的存在而造成的断路器的假跳闸,先有技术对断路器提供的通常包括一个接地保护减敏系统的接地保护功能。当流过某一相的电流超过某一阈值,如2In时,这些系统或者使接地故障跳闸阈值Sh如图3所示增加,或者使接地故障信号减弱。这种保护对于三相故障是有效的,但它将掩盖住一种接地故障,即假如另二相导体负载很大,如其流过的电流达3In,而在负载很小的一相导线发生接地故障,其电流(如图3中为0.6In)仅略高于正常接地故障跳闸阈值(0.2In)。在这种情况下,先有技术的跳闸装置,例如通过增加该跳闸阈值Sh至高于待检测的接地故障(0.6In)的一个值(图3中为0.8In)而降低接地保护的灵敏度。
当一个两串联极型故障作用到该系统时,两个导线具有较高的电流(例如3In),其相位和幅值相同,并且假接地故障电流实际为零。那么,对接地故障保护(Sh=0.8In,I=3In)的降低灵敏度则防止了发生在较小负载导线接地故障(包括0.2和0.8In之间)的检测。然而,断路器必须对一个接地故障的反应快于两
串联极所作用的短延时型故障的反应。接收一个表示两串联极型故障的信号A的电子处理单元20禁止对接地故障保护的灵敏度降低。从而使跳闸装置能检测系统中另一个导体的接地故障。似乎没有必要详细描述为上述“禁止”所用的装置,因为它可以通过模拟装置或在使用基于微处理机的跳闸装置时通过编程序按常规的方式达到。
Claims (9)
1、一个固态跳闸装置,用于起保护作用的三相电源系统中的电路断路器,它包括,电流检测装置(16),传送正比于流过电源系统导线中电流的模拟信号;以及一个电子处理单元(20)它被加上所述信号(I1,I2,I3,IN),并当所述信号超过预置阈值的情况下传送一个断路器跳闸命令;该跳闸装置的特征在于:电子处理单元包括有故障类型检测装置,它包括有上述信号(I1,I2,I3,IN)与第一阈值(S1)进行比较的比较装置(22,24,26,28),与比第一阈值(S1)高的第二阈值(S2)进行比较的比较装置(30,32,34,36),以及能确定是否至少第一预定数目的信号低于第一阈值(S1),同时至少第二预定数目的信号高于第二阈值(S2)的装置(38,40,D1,D2)。
2、根据权利要求1的跳闸装置,其特征在于,当上述第一数目等于2,第二个数目等于1时故障类型检测装置传送一个表示单相故障的信号(A)。
3、根据权利要求1的跳闸装置,其特征在于,该电源系统是具有中性线的三相系统,当所述第一数目等于3,而所述第二数目等于1时,该故障类型检测器发送一个信号(A),它代表一个单相故障。
4、根据权利要求1的跳闸装置,其特征在于,In为断路器的额定电流,第一阈值(S1)为1.5In的数量级且第二阈值(S2)为5In的数量级。
5、根据权利要求1的跳闸装置,其特征在于,电源系统为带有中性线的三相系统,当上述第一和第二数目都等于2时,故障类型检测装置传送一个表示两个串联极类型故障的信号(A)。
6、根据权利要求5的跳闸装置,其特征在于:电子处理单元包括当测得信号超过一个预置阈值时获得一个接地故障保护功能的装置和减少接地故障保护灵敏度的装置,来自故障类型检测装置的输出信号(A)当其表示两串联极类型故障时阻止上述减少灵敏度装置。
7、根据权利要求5的跳闸装置,其特征在于In为断路器额定电流,第一阈值(S1)为In的数量级且第二阈值S2为2或3In的数量级。
8、根据权利要求1的跳闸装置,其特征在于:上述电子处理单元(20)由一个以微处理机为基础的单元构成。
9、根据权利要求1的跳闸装置,其特征在于:与第一阈值比较的信号比较装置由一个第一组运算放大器(22,24,26,28)构成,每一放大器在其正向输入端输入表示流过电源系统中一根导线的电流的信号(I1,I2,I3,IN),且在其反向输入端输入一个表示上述第一阈值(S1)的信号,上述运算放大器的输出(A1-A4)分别由一个电阻器(R1-R4)连接到第一运算放大器(38)的反向输入端(B1),而且再通过一个电阻(R9)连至电源电压Vcc,上述第一运算放大器(38)在其正向输入端接收一个第一参考电压(S3),以这种方式确定当第一组放大器的第一预定数目输出(A1-A4)为逻辑值0时,运算放大器的输出(A9)为逻辑值1,第二组运算放大器(30,32,34,36)的每个在其正向输入端输入代表流过电源系统导线之一的电流的信号(I1,I2,I3,IN),在其反向输入端接收一个代表第二阈值(S2)的信号,第二组放大器的输出(A5-A8)分别通过一个电阻器(R5-R8)连至第二运算放大器(40)的正向输入端(B2),而上通过一个电阻(R10)连至电源电压(Vcc),上述第二运算放大器(40)在其反向输入端接收一个第二参考电压(S4),以这种方式确定当至少第二组放大器的第二预定数目输出(A5-A8)为逻辑值1时,第二放大器的输出(A10)为逻辑值1,第一和第二运算放大器(38,40)的输出(A9-A10)分别连接到第一、第二二极管(D1,D2)的阴极,这些二极管的阳极连接到故障类型检测装置的输出(A),并且通过电阻R11连到电源电压(Vcc)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8906031A FR2646738B1 (fr) | 1989-05-03 | 1989-05-03 | Declencheur statique pour un disjoncteur de protection d'un reseau triphase, permettant la detection du type de defaut |
FR8906031 | 1989-05-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1047000A CN1047000A (zh) | 1990-11-14 |
CN1019625B true CN1019625B (zh) | 1992-12-23 |
Family
ID=9381472
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90102591A Expired CN1019625B (zh) | 1989-05-03 | 1990-04-29 | 保护三相电源系统断路器的故障检测型固态跳闸装置 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5077627A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0396477B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2786308B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0133658B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1019625B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2015270A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69004852T2 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2646738B1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA903328B (zh) |
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DE2609654B2 (de) * | 1976-03-09 | 1978-01-05 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Digitaler ueberstromausloeser |
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-
1989
- 1989-05-03 FR FR8906031A patent/FR2646738B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-04-13 DE DE69004852T patent/DE69004852T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-13 EP EP90420191A patent/EP0396477B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-24 CA CA002015270A patent/CA2015270A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-26 JP JP2111590A patent/JP2786308B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-27 KR KR1019900005990A patent/KR0133658B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-29 CN CN90102591A patent/CN1019625B/zh not_active Expired
- 1990-05-02 ZA ZA903328A patent/ZA903328B/xx unknown
- 1990-05-02 US US07/518,513 patent/US5077627A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2646738A1 (fr) | 1990-11-09 |
DE69004852T2 (de) | 1994-09-29 |
EP0396477A1 (fr) | 1990-11-07 |
JPH02303314A (ja) | 1990-12-17 |
US5077627A (en) | 1991-12-31 |
CA2015270A1 (en) | 1990-11-03 |
KR0133658B1 (ko) | 1998-04-23 |
JP2786308B2 (ja) | 1998-08-13 |
KR900019302A (ko) | 1990-12-24 |
EP0396477B1 (fr) | 1993-12-01 |
DE69004852D1 (de) | 1994-01-13 |
CN1047000A (zh) | 1990-11-14 |
FR2646738B1 (fr) | 1991-07-05 |
ZA903328B (en) | 1991-01-30 |
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