CN101960225A - 低能耗建筑物,特别是温室或者厩棚 - Google Patents

低能耗建筑物,特别是温室或者厩棚 Download PDF

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CN101960225A
CN101960225A CN2009801066198A CN200980106619A CN101960225A CN 101960225 A CN101960225 A CN 101960225A CN 2009801066198 A CN2009801066198 A CN 2009801066198A CN 200980106619 A CN200980106619 A CN 200980106619A CN 101960225 A CN101960225 A CN 101960225A
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thermal storage
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埃德蒙·D·克雷克
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01G9/245—Conduits for heating by means of liquids, e.g. used as frame members or for soil heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0052—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using the ground body or aquifers as heat storage medium
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    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
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Abstract

本发明示出一种建筑物，其中，通过管路能够将空气从热储存器导入到中间空间中和/或者从中间空间导入到热储存器中。

Description

低能耗建筑物，特别是温室或者厩棚
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低能耗建筑物，优选构造为温室或者厩棚。本发明特别涉及构造成零能耗建筑物的温室，厩棚或者养鱼设备。
背景技术
低能耗建筑物以及零能耗建筑物已被公知。特别地，已知具有带流体穿过引导部的建筑物壁的建筑物，通过所述建筑物壁能够构成温度屏障。这种低能耗建筑物例如由德国公开文献DE 298 04 095 A1(发明人Edmond D.Krecke)所阐述。借助于在夏季被蓄能且在冬季被释能的地下式热储存器以及借助于温度屏障，通过在壁中设置的流体管路，在北部较宽纬度区域内甚至能够提供零能耗建筑物。
这种公知技术的缺点在于，其不能或者仅仅能不充分地转用至具有大玻璃面的商用建筑物，如厩棚和温室。
尽管在所述建筑物中通常是较低的温度，由于正是在大型建筑物的情况下通常较差的隔热，需要大量的能量，以便能够使建筑物的内部空间保持有所期望的温度。在此，通常重新使用化石(fossil)的载能体。
发明内容
而本发明的目的在于，减少现有技术的上述缺点。
本发明的目的特别在于，也能够为具有大玻璃面的大型建筑物、如厩棚和温室设有下述系统，该系统能够以特别简单的方式利用太阳的辐射能，以便在寒冷的时期能够加热该建筑物。
本发明已通过按权利要求1的建筑物、特别是构造为温室或者厩棚的建筑物而实现。
本发明优选的实施方式以及改进构造方案从相应的从属权利要求中得知。
据此，设置有下述的建筑物，其包括由透明材料制成的至少部分双层式的壁窗或者顶窗。优选的是，该建筑物例如作为温室，主要由透明的材料(如玻璃、塑料、特别是塑料薄膜等)构成。通过双层的窗限定中间空间。该建筑物特别是为了饲养动物和/或者培植植物而构成并且例如是温室、厩棚，特别是用于大量动物集中饲养的厩棚，或者是养鱼设备。
此外，该建筑物具有至少一个热储存器，该热储存器优选构造为在建筑物下面的或者在建筑物旁边设置的热储存器。
此外，设有下述的管路，通过所述管路，空气能够从热储存器导入到中间空间中和/或者从中间空间导入到热储存器中。
在太阳照射的情况下，特别是在夏季时，在窗之间的空气变热，所产生的热量能够存储在地下式热储存器中。这优选通过下述的循环来实现，在所述循环中，空气在热储存器中被冷却并且然后较冷的空气又被导回到中间空间中。
作为替代，按照调节温度的需要也可以从外面供给新鲜空气。然而基本上已经通过循环实现了温度稳定，因为在窗之间的空气在太阳照射的情况下被强烈加热，从而其明显比在热储存器中的温度要高。热空气通过热储存器引导，其中，产生从所述空气中吸取热量的热交换。这样冷却的空气又流回到中间空间中并且使在窗之间的温度降低，由此，能够防止整个建筑物的过度加热，特别是在夏季。
而在寒冷的时期，特别是在冬季，在设置在温室下方的热储存器中的温度比在中间空间中的温度要高，从而空气在引导穿过热储存器时被加热并且在中间空间中的温度升高。
相对于建筑物的内部空间，中间空间于是构成了温度屏障，其确保从内部看，相对于中间空间的温度差得以稳定。
在本发明的改进构造方案中，所述建筑物包括至少一个另外的管路，以便能够将新鲜空气通过热储存器导入到建筑物中。于是按照热储存器的温度以及建筑物的温度，也可以使用热储存器，以便对在建筑物中的空气进行加热或者冷却。
在本发明的改进构造方案中，经由另外的管路可以将使用过的空气从所述建筑物中通过热储存器导出。如果建筑物中的温度比热储存器中的温度高，则在建筑物中的热量可以用于对热储存器进行加热。
管路在此优选构造为套管式热交换器(Rohr-in-Rohr
Figure BPA00001211501000031
)，其中，在本发明优选的构造方案中，使用过的空气通过内部管导出，该内部管至少部分地引通过外部管导，通过该外部管将新鲜空气导入到建筑物中。
用于导入新鲜空气以及导出使用过的空气的管路在地下式热储存器中优选至少部分地布置在与窗的中间空间连接的管路的上方，因为在此在热储存器中的温度通常更高。
为了能够与热时段和冷时段相适配，至少一个、优选所有管路具有用于将空气流在管路中导回的装置。
在本发明的改进构造方案中，至少在中间空间中设置有百叶窗。通过该百叶窗，能够减少建筑物的中间空间在强烈的太阳照射情况下的加热。同时，通过在百叶窗上吸收光线，在构造有百叶窗的窗中的中间空间特别地被加热。所述热量又能够用于对热储存器进行加热。
为了特别是在冬季能够调节空气湿度，所述建筑物在本发明的改进构造方案中具有用于新鲜空气的加湿设备。
热储存器中的温度在整年中高于15℃，优选高于18℃。
在本发明的改进构造方案中，设置有热泵，其能够被供给通过热储存器引导的空气。按照建筑物的隔热性，通过这种热泵，至少在极端的寒冷时期提供加热内部空间所需的热量。
本发明此外涉及用于对建筑物、特别是对温室进行通气和排气的方法，其中，在壁和屋顶的透光的外壁中设置有温度屏障。在此，设有单独的管道系统，以便在太阳能大量射入的时段能够将多余的热量借助空气管路导出，并且能够存储在热量存储器中，优选存储在地下式热储存器(Erdspeicher)中。在较冷的时段，所述能量能够用于调节建筑物的温度，或者是通过导入到中间空间中，或者是用于对内部空间进行加热。
于是即使在隔热较差的建筑物、如温室或者厩棚中，也能够实现显著地热量节省。根据气候带甚至能够提供零能耗温室。
热量存储器在此优选构造为具有根据逆流原理工作的套管式热交换器的地下式热储存器。地下式热储存器优选设置在建筑物下方2m至5m之间的深度并且至少向上以及在侧面被隔热。
双层窗能够由玻璃、气泡薄膜(Noppenfoilen)或者另外的适用于温室的透光材料制成，并且在本发明的改进构造方案中分区段地制成并且组装在一起，从而形成部部，从所述部段出来，空气在较小管路中引导至集气管路并且在那里进一步引导至地下式热储存器。所述区段优选宽度在50cm和1.5m之间，并且高度优选在50cm和2m之间。
在本发明优选的实施方式中，空气输送到、特别是吹入到中间空间中，从而相对于周围环境，在中间空间中具有超压。于是，由薄膜构成的双层窗例如能够得以稳定。用于导入空气的压力相当低并且在本发明优选的实施方式中保持在0.1bar以下
作为替代，空气也可以从中间空间中被吸出。该实施方式特别适用于由玻璃或者聚甲基丙烯酸有机玻璃组成的窗。
在地下式热储存器中敷设的套管式热交换器优选由柔性的金属管构成，所述金属管能够简单地被敷设并且保证了良好的热交换。
在套管式排气和通气设备中的输入空气和输出空气的空气速度以及用于导向中间空间的管路的空气速度在本发明优选的实施方式中能够彼此互不依赖地被控制。优选的是，控制无极地进行。
借助鼓风机、排风机、阀以及调节装置，特别是用于百叶窗的叶片的调节装置，该系统如此被调节，以使得温室的新鲜空气供给能够关于植物所需的空气量以及温度分布优化地进行调节。
于是阻止了在热量辐射较高的时间内对植物过度加热的危险并且热量被传输到地下式热储存器。在有加热需要的情况下，这些热量被导回。
在本发明的改进构造方案中，地下式热储存器划分为不同的温度区。于是，例如温度超过25℃的空气导入到芯部存储器，而超过20℃但低于25℃的空气被导入围绕芯部存储器延伸的区域中，等等。例如，在冬天具有较低温度的外部区域可以用于调节中间空间的温度，而芯部区域用于加热壳体的内部空间。
首先，在具有充足太阳照射的区域内，在本发明的改进构造方案中设置为，借助洒水设备使水能够在温室的面向太阳的侧上在屋顶和侧壁上流动并且将被加热的水收集，导入到地热交换器或者导入到地下式热储存器中并且冷却的水重又被引导到洒水设备中。
附图说明
下面参照图1至5详细阐述本发明。
图1示意示出根据本发明的建筑物的一个实施例；
图2以侧视图示意示出窗元件；
图3以俯视图示出窗元件；
图4示出管道的敷设；
图5示出热交换器在地下式热储存器中的敷设。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出一种建筑物1，其特别是构造为温室。
建筑物1包括内部空间2，该内部空间被主要由窗构成的壁3和屋顶面4所包围。壁3和屋顶面4在此由塑料、塑料薄膜或者玻璃构造为双层窗。通过双层窗限定了中间空间5。在该建筑物的下面有地下式热储存器6，其通过管路7与中间空间5相连。通过管路7，空气从地下式热储存器6泵入中间空间5中。在温度较低的时段，在地下式热储存器6中的空气被加热并且在中间空间5中形成温度屏障。如果例如15℃的暖空气通过中间空间而被泵入，这具有下述的效果，即：就如建筑物1的周围环境温度似乎仅为15℃。
在温度较高时间，热量与此相反能够从中间空间5中导出，由此建筑物被冷却并且同时地下式热储存器6被蓄能。
除了管路7，在地下式热储存器6中设置有套管式新鲜空气的系统和使用过空气的系统8，其中，通过外部的管路9能够将新鲜空气导入建筑物的内部空间2中，并且通过至少部分地在外部管路中引导的内部管路10，可以将使用过的空气从建筑物中导出。内部管路10和外部管路9形成按照逆流原理工作的套管式热交换器。通过外部管路吸入的空气能够在热储存器6中例如被加热并且用于加热内部空间2。从内部空间2中导出的使用过的空气可以在套管式热交换器8中将其热量至少部分输出给导入的新鲜空气。
图2示意示出了窗11的剖视图。窗11在该实施例中由两个气泡薄膜12构成。在所述两个气泡薄膜12之间的中间空间5中可以引入百叶窗13，比便保护该建筑物(未示出)不受太阳射线照射。太阳射线现在在百叶窗13上被吸收，由此，中间空间5被强烈地加热。通过输入管路14冷空气被导入中间空间5中，且通过输出管路15被导出并且被引导至地下式热储存器(未示出)中。
通过导入空气的压力同时使气泡薄膜12得以稳定。
图3以俯视图示出窗11，以及窗元件。
各个窗11作为部段彼此并排排列并且在一侧与输入管路13连接以及在另一侧与输出管路14连接。
参照图4详细阐述管路的敷设。
管路段15在建筑物的下方在地下式热储存器中敷设并且形成具有相对高的温度的热回路。例如温度达到近似所期望的室温的高度。
除了形成热储存器的芯部区域的热回路，设置有另外的管路段16，该管路段16形成冷回路，在该冷回路中，温度较低。
在冬季运行的情况下，为了对温室进行加热，所述回路沿箭头17方向运行。在夏季的冷却运行情况下，所述回路沿箭头18方向运行。
图5示出用于建筑物1通气和排气的套管式热交换器的敷设。同样在这里热回路位于建筑物1的地面之下，但是高于图4所描述的与窗(未示出)的中间空间相连接的管道。在夏季运行的情况下，空气循环沿箭头18的方向运行，且在冬季时沿箭头19的方向运行。于是，在夏季循环中，热空气首先穿过热储存器的芯部区域并且然后穿过较冷的外部区域，与此相反，在冬季运行中，冷空气首先在冷回路中被稍微加热，且稍后被更强地加热。
需要理解的是，本发明不局限于前述特征的组合，而是对于本领域技术人员而言，能够将所有特征以任意的组合方式进行组合，只要该组合有意义。
附图标记列表
1     建筑物
2     内部空间
3     壁窗
4     屋顶窗
5     中间空间
6     地下式热储存器
7     管路
8     套管式热交换器
9     外部管路
10    内部管路
11    窗
12    气泡薄膜
13    输入管路
14    输出管路
15    管路段
16    管路段
17    箭头
18    箭头
19    箭头

Claims (11)

1.建筑物，特别是温室、厩棚或养鱼设备，包括：
至少局部为双层式的由透明材料制成的壁窗和/或屋顶窗，所述壁窗和/或屋顶窗限定中间空间；
热储存器，所述热储存器优选构造为设置在所述建筑物下方的地下式热储存器；以及
至少一个管路，通过所述至少一个管路能够将空气从所述热储存器导入到所述中间空间中和/或从所述中间空间导入到所述热储存器中。
2.按权利要求1所述的建筑物，所述建筑物此外包括用于将新鲜空气通过所述热储存器导入到所述建筑物中的管路。
3.按权利要求2所述的建筑物，所述建筑物此外包括用于将使用过的空气通过所述热储存器从所述建筑物中导出的管路。
4.按权利要求3所述的建筑物，其特征在于，所述管路构造为套管式热交换器。
5.按权利要求2、3或4所述的建筑物，其特征在于，用于使用过的空气和/或新鲜空气的管路在所述热储存器中布置在所述至少一个管路的上方，通过所述至少一个管路能够将空气从所述地下式热储存器中导入到所述中间空间中和/或从所述中间空间导入到所述地下式热储存器中。
6.按前述权利要求之一所述的建筑物，其特征在于，设有用于将空气流导回到所述管路中的装置。
7.按前述权利要求之一所述的建筑物，其特征在于，窗由玻璃、透明的塑料或者塑料薄膜构成。
8.按前述权利要求之一所述的建筑物，其特征在于，在所述中间空间中设置百叶窗。
9.按前述权利要求之一所述的建筑物，其特征在于，设有用于新鲜空气的加湿设备。
10.按前述权利要求之一所述的建筑物，其特征在于，在所述热储存器中的温度整年高于18℃。
11.按前述权利要求之一所述的建筑物，其特征在于，设有热泵，所述热泵被供给通过所述热储存器引导的空气。
按前述权利要求之一所述的建筑物，其特征在于，空气以小于0.3bar，优选小于0.2bar，以及特别优选小于0.1bar的压力被输送到所述中间空间中，特别是吹入到所述中间空间中。
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CN2477718Y (zh) * 2001-05-29 2002-02-20 房英奎 一种组合式太阳能暖房
CN2602590Y (zh) * 2003-01-24 2004-02-11 北京中博农畜牧科技有限公司 温室型牛舍
CN2716382Y (zh) * 2004-07-03 2005-08-10 尹学军 门窗幕墙及其空气调节装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103591654A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-19 段永改 一种地道式空气消毒节能净化系统
CN112655433A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2021-04-16 富士胶片株式会社 农业大棚

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WO2009095232A1 (de) 2009-08-06
DE202008001537U1 (de) 2009-06-10

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