HRP960105A2 - Method and device for obtaining fresh air in air conditioning - Google Patents

Method and device for obtaining fresh air in air conditioning Download PDF

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Publication number
HRP960105A2
HRP960105A2 HR95118976.0A HRP960105A HRP960105A2 HR P960105 A2 HRP960105 A2 HR P960105A2 HR P960105 A HRP960105 A HR P960105A HR P960105 A2 HRP960105 A2 HR P960105A2
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Croatia
Prior art keywords
air
shaft
gravel
fact
underground water
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HR95118976.0A
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Croatian (hr)
Inventor
Rupert Merkl
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Rupert Merkl
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Publication of HRP960105A2 publication Critical patent/HRP960105A2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F5/005—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using energy from the ground by air circulation, e.g. "Canadian well"
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units

Description

Primjera radi, u takozvanim klima-uređajima zrak se kondicionira na način da se izvana usisani zrak ugrije, odnosno, rashladi na željenu temperaturu, te da se taj zrak vlaženjem, odnosno sušenjem, dovede do željenog stupnja vlažnosti zraka. For example, in so-called air conditioners, the air is conditioned in such a way that the air sucked in from the outside is heated or cooled to the desired temperature, and that air is humidified or dried to the desired level of air humidity.

Zagrijavanje, odnosno rashlađivanje, baš kao i vlaženje, odnosno sušenje zraka iziskuje pozamašan energetski ulog u obliku električne struje ili u obliku fosilnog goriva. Heating or cooling, just like humidifying or drying air, requires a substantial energy input in the form of electricity or fossil fuel.

Izumu predstoji zadatak smanjiti energetsku potrebu za kondicioniranje zraka. The invention faces the task of reducing the energy requirement for air conditioning.

Taj zadatak se rješava imajući u vidu uređaj predmeta zahtjeva l, te imajući u vidu postupak kroz predmet zahtjeva 12. This task is solved keeping in mind the device of the subject of request 1, and keeping in mind the procedure through the subject of request 12.

Preferirane izvedbe i oblici izvedbe izuma, date su u podzahtjevima. Preferred embodiments and embodiments of the invention are given in the subclaims.

Tehnički napredak što se može postići pomoću izuma u prvoj se liniji vidi u tome da se kao svježi zrak upotrebljava zrak koji zbog topline zemlje i podzemne vode, tijekom cijele godine uglavnom ima temperaturu od 12°C. Preko ljeta se taj 8-12°C topao zrak može upotrijebiti u rashladne svrhe, a preko zime se taj na već 10°C temperirani zrak može upotrijebiti za grijanje, budući se taj zrak nakon protoka konvencionalnog povratnog dobivanja topline mora zagrijavati za još samo 4°C, ako se, npr. želi postići sobna temperatura od 20 C. The technical progress that can be achieved with the invention can be seen in the first line in the fact that air is used as fresh air, which, due to the heat of the earth and underground water, has a temperature of 12°C throughout the year. During the summer, this 8-12°C warm air can be used for cooling purposes, and during the winter, this already 10°C tempered air can be used for heating, since this air after the flow of conventional heat recovery has to be heated for only 4 more °C, if, for example, you want to achieve a room temperature of 20 C.

Izum (inovacija) se u nastavku uz pomoć izvedbenih primjera i uz pozivanje na skice, pobliže opisuje. U ovom se pokazuje: The invention (innovation) is described below with the help of practical examples and with reference to sketches. This shows:

Slika 1 shematski prikaz uređaja za zagrijavanje i rashlađivanje zraka, za dubinu podzemnih voda do cca. 5 m i Figure 1 is a schematic view of the device for heating and cooling the air, for the depth of groundwater up to approx. 5 m and

Slika 2 uređaja za zagrijavanje i rashlađivanje zraka, za dubinu podzemnih voda više od 5 m Figure 2 of the device for heating and cooling the air, for the depth of groundwater more than 5 m

U gore naznačenim slikama su prikazani isti dijelovi izgradnje sa istim polaznim znakovima. Kao što je vidljivo iz slike 1 i slike 2 to je sa njegovim (ne prikazanim) okomitim poprečnim osovinama prema površini zemlje, uzet jedan prema dolje otvoren zračni šaht 1 u području zemlje. Donji otvoren kraj zračnog šahta 1 nalazi se otprilike 3 m ispod površine zemlje 2. U razmaku u otprilike 2,30 m do 2,90 m od površine zemlje 2, ulazi u zračni šaht i najmanje jedna, po mogućnosti paralelno prema površini zemlje orijentiranoj poziciji, sa ne prikazanim otvorima za ulazak zraka opskrbljena cijev, po mogućnosti u obliku takozvane cijevi za drenažu DN 100. In the pictures indicated above, the same parts of the construction are shown with the same initial signs. As can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is taken with its (not shown) vertical transverse axes to the surface of the earth, a downwardly opened air shaft 1 in the area of the earth. The lower open end of the air shaft 1 is located approximately 3 m below the surface of the earth 2. At a distance of approximately 2.30 m to 2.90 m from the surface of the earth 2, at least one, preferably parallel to the surface of the earth oriented position enters the air shaft , with air inlets not shown, a supplied pipe, preferably in the form of a so-called DN 100 drainage pipe.

Kao što je na slikama 1 i 2 shematski prikazano, ove cijevi za drenažu koje su opskrbljene otvorima za ulazak zraka, uglavnom su postavljene vodoravno, pri čemu su na slikama 112, tri pozicije cijevi za drenažu 3 postavljene jedna iznad druge. Ovisno o njihovom položaju ukupan se broj od 14 cijevi za drenažu pokazao vrlo prikladnim. As shown schematically in Figs. 1 and 2, these drainage pipes, which are provided with air inlets, are generally placed horizontally, whereby in Figs. 112, three positions of the drainage pipes 3 are placed one above the other. Depending on their position, the total number of 14 drainage pipes proved to be very suitable.

Prednosti radi, položaji cijevi 3 se tako uređuju da se zračni šaht nalazi u središtu i da se, polazeći od tog središta, cijevi 3 ispružuju u vodoravnim ravninama prema vani. For the sake of advantage, the positions of the pipes 3 are arranged so that the air shaft is located in the center and, starting from this center, the pipes 3 extend outwards in horizontal planes.

Od površine zemlje 2 do donjeg kraja zračnog šahta 1 ispružuje se, naokolo zračnog šahta, šljunčano postolje ili nešto tome slično, a na čijoj se površini nalazi sloj humusa 4 sa umetkom trave, šljunčano postolje ima, npr. površinu od 3 x 8 m, pri čemu se gornji kraj zračnog šahta l nalazi uglavnom u središtu površine tog šljunčanog postolja, šljunčano postolje, ili drugi pogodni materijal, služi kao postolje za filtraciju zraka, što se ima skupljati u šahti 1. From the ground surface 2 to the lower end of the air shaft 1, a gravel base or something similar extends around the air shaft, on the surface of which there is a layer of humus 4 with an insert of grass, the gravel base has, for example, an area of 3 x 8 m, whereby the upper end of the air shaft l is located mainly in the center of the surface of that gravel base, the gravel base, or other suitable material, serves as a base for air filtration, which is to be collected in the shaft 1.

Sloj humusa 4 sa umetkom trave ima debljinu od, po mogućnosti, otprilike 10 cm. Ispod toga se proteže po mogućnosti jedan otprilike 20 cm debeli sloj kugli od pečene gline, ispod čega se nalazi jedan isto tako, po mogućnosti 20 cm debeli sloj šljunka za filtraciju sa zrnatošću od 10-15 mm. Na to se, prema dolje, nadovezuje rolaža debljine 2,50 - 3,50 m, u čijim donjim slojevima je predviđen najmanje jedan red drenažnih cijevi 3. U tom području, u kojem drenažne cijevi 3 završavaju u zračnom šahtu 1, zračni šaht ima promjer od otprilike 150 cm. Na slici 1. shematski prikazanom izvedbenom primjeru, podzemne vode teku na dubini manjoj od 5 m: to znači ne toliko udaljene od donjeg kraja zračnog šahta 1. Iznad drenažne cijevi 3, ali još uvijek uvelike unutar rolažnog sloja, su vanjski zidovi zračnog šahta l koji su protkani sa najmanje jednom usisnom cijevi, čiji poprečni presjek se ravna prema količini zraka što je zahtijeva zračni šaht. U prikazanom izvedbenom primjeru cijev za usisavanje zraka ima unutarnji promjer od otprilike 40 cm. The layer of humus 4 with grass insert has a thickness of, if possible, approximately 10 cm. Beneath this is preferably an approximately 20 cm thick layer of fired clay balls, below which there is an equally, preferably 20 cm thick layer of gravel for filtration with a granularity of 10-15 mm. A 2.50 - 3.50 m-thick roll is attached to it downwards, in the lower layers of which at least one row of drainage pipes 3 is provided. In that area, where the drainage pipes 3 end in the air shaft 1, the air shaft has diameter of approximately 150 cm. In the embodiment shown schematically in Figure 1, the groundwater flows at a depth of less than 5 m: this means not so far from the lower end of the air shaft 1. Above the drainage pipe 3, but still largely within the rolling layer, are the outer walls of the air shaft l which are interwoven with at least one suction pipe, whose cross-section is adjusted according to the amount of air required by the air shaft. In the embodiment shown, the air intake pipe has an inner diameter of approximately 40 cm.

Zračni šaht se sastoji od velikog broja prstenova koji su odvojeni jedan od drugoga, pri čemu cijevi 3 u slobodnim prostorima između prstenova, završavaju u unutrašnjosti zračnog šahta 1. The air shaft consists of a large number of rings that are separated from each other, whereby the pipes 3 in the free spaces between the rings end in the interior of the air shaft 1.

Naprijed opisanom uređaju sa zračnim šahtom 1, u području zemlje ili u šljunčanom postolju postavljenih drenažnih cijevi 3 i iznad drenažnih cijevi, priključena je na zračni šaht 1 cijev za usisavanje zraka 5, koja se u nastavku označava i kao "zračni bunar". In the above-described device with an air shaft 1, in the area of the ground or in the gravel base of the drainage pipes 3 and above the drainage pipes, an air suction pipe 5 is connected to the air shaft 1, which is also referred to below as "air well".

Ako se na cijev za usisavanje zraka 5 priključi usisni ventilator, primjerice na slikama prikazani ventilator 6, onda iz zračnog šahta l može biti crpljen zrak koji tijekom cijele godine ima konstantnu temperaturu od 8 do 12°C. Taj zrak dolazi iz drenažnih cijevi 3 okruženim površinom zemlje ili šljunčanim postoljem, u drenažne cijevi 3, a iz ovih u zračni šaht 1. Iz zračnog šahta crpljen zrak ima otprilike 90 % relativne vlažnosti, budući s jedne strane površina zemlje raspolaže s prirodnom vlažnošću, a s druge strane se putem kiše i rose od površine zemlje naknadno isporučuje vlažnost. If a suction fan is connected to the air intake pipe 5, for example the fan 6 shown in the pictures, then air can be drawn from the air shaft 1, which has a constant temperature of 8 to 12°C throughout the year. This air comes from the drainage pipes 3 surrounded by the surface of the earth or a gravel base, into the drainage pipes 3, and from these into the air shaft 1. The air drawn from the air shaft has approximately 90% relative humidity, since on the one hand the surface of the earth has natural humidity, and on the other hand, moisture is subsequently delivered from the earth's surface through rain and dew.

Taj iz zračnog šahta otpremljen svježi zrak sa konstantnom temperaturom od otprilike 12°C, ljeti je puno hladniji od vanjske temperature koja iznosi i od 25 do 35°C, dok je zimi daleko topliji od primjerice vanjskih temperatura od -16°C, koje se dosežu pri mrazovima. Osim toga, ljeti stoji na raspolaganju otprilike 12°C hladan svježi zrak, bez da takav svježi zrak mora biti dobiven uz ulaganje energije iz vanjskog zraka čija temperatura primjerice iznosi od 25-35°C. Sukladno tome, zimi stoji na raspolaganju već na 8-10°C "zagrijani" zrak, bez da se ovaj uz ulaganje energije mora dobivati iz vrijednosti vanjskih minus-temperatura. The fresh air sent from the air shaft with a constant temperature of approximately 12°C is much colder in the summer than the outside temperature, which is 25 to 35°C, while in the winter it is much warmer than, for example, the outside temperature of -16°C, which they reach during frosts. In addition, fresh air at a temperature of approximately 12°C is available in summer, without having to obtain such fresh air with the investment of energy from outside air whose temperature is, for example, 25-35°C. Accordingly, in the winter, "heated" air is already available at 8-10°C, without having to obtain it from outside minus-temperature values with the investment of energy.

Gornji kraj zračnog šahta 1 može biti zatvoren sa haubom za zrak 7 sa vanjske strane, a koja se može otvoriti kada su vanjske temperature više od 12°C, ili kada su vanjske vrijednosti temperature niže od 20°C. The upper end of the air shaft 1 can be closed with the air hood 7 on the outside, which can be opened when the outside temperatures are higher than 12°C, or when the outside temperatures are lower than 20°C.

Nalazi li se podzemna voda na dubini do 5 m, onda je dostatna od podzemne vode 11, dopremljena energija ( kao prirodnom opskrbljivaču energije) za zagrijavanje - odnosno hlađenje, kako bi se omogućila temperatura od otprilike 12°C iz zračnog šahta 1 crpljenog zraka. Kod dubljih razina podzemnih voda se ponekad ne može postići ni željena temperatura, ni željena vlažnost zraka sa na slici l prikazanom izvedbom . If the underground water is located at a depth of up to 5 m, then the energy supplied from the underground water 11 (as a natural energy supplier) is sufficient for heating - that is, cooling, in order to enable a temperature of approximately 12°C from the air shaft 1 of the pumped air. At deeper groundwater levels, sometimes neither the desired temperature nor the desired air humidity can be achieved with the design shown in Figure l.

Za takav slučaj, to znači za dubinu podzemnih voda više od 5 m, na slici 2 shematskom prikazu predviđeno je, a koji prikaz se od slike l opisanog izvedbenog oblika razlikuje uglavnom samo u tome što je predviđena pumpa za podzemnu vodu 8 koja seže u podzemnu vodu 11, uz čiju pomoć je moguće otpremati podzemnu vodu u jedan shematski prikazan i označen sistem za raspodjelu podzemne vode. Ovaj sistem za raspodjelu podzemne vode se proteže iznad, ili barem jedne, pozicije drenažnih cijevi 3, i opskrbljen je sa velikim brojem od u skici shematski prikazanim otvorima za izlaz vode, koji leže u području usisa drenažnih cijevi 3. Na taj način se, uz pomoć pumpe za podzemnu vodu 8, može dopremati podzemna voda prema drenažnim cijevima 3, a tek onda prema zračnom šahtu 1, koja je konstantne temperature. For such a case, this means for a depth of underground water more than 5 m, in figure 2 the schematic view is provided, which view differs from figure l of the described embodiment mainly only in that a groundwater pump 8 is provided that reaches into the underground water 11, with the help of which it is possible to send underground water to one schematically shown and marked system for the distribution of underground water. This underground water distribution system extends above, or at least one, position of the drainage pipes 3, and is supplied with a large number of the water outlet openings shown schematically in the sketch, which lie in the suction area of the drainage pipes 3. In this way, in addition to with the help of the underground water pump 8, underground water can flow towards the drainage pipes 3, and only then towards the air shaft 1, which is at a constant temperature.

Iznad pumpe za podzemnu vodu je nadalje na slici 2 shematski predviđen i revizijski šaht 12 za uređaj za otpremanje podzemne vode. Reguliranje pumpe za podzemnu vodu može se provoditi, ovdje nepredviđenim, temperaturnim mijenjanjem. Above the pump for underground water, the inspection shaft 12 for the device for sending underground water is also schematically provided in Figure 2. Regulation of the underground water pump can be carried out, here unforeseen, by changing the temperature.

U nastavku će se upotreba izumu sukladnog zračnog bunara opisivati najprije za zagrijavanje zraka (slučaj zagrijavanja), te onda za hlađenje zraka (slučaj hlađenja), i to na temelju slika 1. i 2. Kao što se vidi iz slika, to svježi zrak što je dobiven uz pomoć cijevi za usisavanje zraka 5, preko ventilatora 6 dolazi u križni toplinski izmjenjivač 9, koji je po mogućosti, postavljen kao izmjenjivač topline tog uređaja za kondicioniranje zraka. U tom izmjenjivaču topline 9 zrak što je odveden iz klimatizirane prostorije (strelica 14) svoju toplinu iz naprijed objašnjenih razloga, daje na otprilike već 12°C ugrijani svježi zrak, čime nastaje kondicionirani dovod zraka ( strelica 13 ), koji se može ubaciti u prostorije koje treba klimatizirati kako je vidljivo iz slika, to odbačen zrak nakon izmjene topline sa svježim zrakom biva odvođen kao odlazni zrak ( strelica 15). Naprijed spomenuti odbačeni zrak se, primjerice, uz pomoć kontroliranog prozračivanja stambenih prostorija može ugrijati na željenu sobnu temperaturu. U slučaju grijanja u uređaj ulazi vanjski zrak niskih temperatura, primjerice temperatura mraza i s niskom apsolutnom vlažnosti. Ovaj se zrak iz zračnog bunara sa temperaturom od otprilike 12°C, ali od najmanje 9°C i sa relativnom vlažnosti zraka, oduzima. Nakon ulaska u jedan, sam po sebi poznati, križni izmjenjivač topline 9, ugrijava se kroz u križnoj struji doveden topli odvodni zrak 14, iz klimatizirane prostorije. Ako se taj zrak koji sada ima 16°C, zagrije na 20°C sobne temperature, tada takav zrak još raspolaže sa preko 45-55 % relativnom vlažnosti zraka, dakle, sa relativnom vlažnosti u takozvanom komfornom području. In the following, the use of the air well according to the invention will be described first for heating the air (heating case), and then for cooling the air (cooling case), based on Figures 1 and 2. As can be seen from the figures, the fresh air that is obtained with the help of the air intake pipe 5, through the fan 6 it comes to the cross heat exchanger 9, which is, if possible, installed as a heat exchanger of that air conditioning device. In this heat exchanger 9, the air taken from the air-conditioned room (arrow 14) gives its heat, for the reasons explained above, to the fresh air already heated to approximately 12°C, which creates a conditioned air supply (arrow 13), which can be introduced into the rooms which needs to be air-conditioned, as can be seen from the pictures, the rejected air after heat exchange with fresh air is taken away as outgoing air (arrow 15). The previously mentioned rejected air can, for example, be heated to the desired room temperature with the help of controlled ventilation of living rooms. In the case of heating, outside air at low temperatures, for example frost temperature and with low absolute humidity, enters the device. This air is taken from an air well with a temperature of approximately 12°C, but at least 9°C and relative air humidity. After entering one, known in itself, cross heat exchanger 9, it is heated through warm exhaust air 14 supplied in cross current, from the air-conditioned room. If that air, which is now 16°C, is heated to 20°C room temperature, then such air still has more than 45-55% relative humidity, therefore, relative humidity in the so-called comfort zone.

Polazi li se primjerice od toga da temperatura vanjskog zraka iznosi -16°C, tada postaje očito da se pri uporabi izumu skladnog zračnog bunara i križnog izmjenjivača topline mora upotrijebiti jedino još energija za grijanje koja bi taj zrak od 16°C dovela do sobne temperature, budući je zrak od -16 C na +16°C ugrijan bez uporabe energije. If, for example, it is assumed that the temperature of the outside air is -16°C, then it becomes obvious that when using the invention of the harmonious air well and the cross heat exchanger, the only additional heating energy that would bring that 16°C air to room temperature must be used , since the air is heated from -16 C to +16°C without using energy.

Povećanje temperature u području grijanja iznosi max. 28 K, max. iznos vlaženja 7 g/kg zraka. Na 20°C zagrijan, zrak ima relativnu vlažnost od 45 - 55 %, tako da u prostorijama koje su opskrbljene sa takvim zrakom vlada ugodna klima. The temperature increase in the heating area amounts to max. 28 K, max. amount of humidification 7 g/kg of air. Heated to 20°C, the air has a relative humidity of 45 - 55%, so that a pleasant climate prevails in rooms supplied with such air.

U slučaju hlađenja ulazi u uređaj ulazi vanjski zrak, topline primjerice 32°C i visoke apsolutne vlažnosti. Taj topli ljetni zrak se u zračnom bunaru rashlađuje na 11 do 12°C i odvlažuje na otprilike 90 % relativne vlažnosti zraka. Taj, kroz cijevi za usisavanje zraka 5 iz zračnog bunara crpljen zrak, u križnom se izmjenjivaču topline 9 zagrijava od 16 do 18°C. Dovede li se temperatura nakon toga od 22°C na 24°C sobne temperature, onda ima relativnu vlažnost zraka od 42 do 55 % i time leži u takozvanom komfornom području. In the case of cooling, outside air enters the device, with a temperature of, for example, 32°C and high absolute humidity. This warm summer air is cooled in the air well to 11 to 12°C and dehumidified to approximately 90% relative humidity. This air, pumped from the air well through the air intake pipes 5, is heated from 16 to 18°C in the cross heat exchanger 9. If the temperature is then brought from 22°C to 24°C room temperature, then it has a relative humidity of 42 to 55% and thus lies in the so-called comfort area.

Smanjenje temperature leži max. kod 20 K; max. uspjeh odvlažnjivanja u rashladnom uređaju iznosi 8,5 g/kg zraka. The decrease in temperature lies at max. at 20 K; max. the success of dehumidification in the cooling device is 8.5 g/kg of air.

Pri uporabi izumu sukladnog zračnog bunara zajedno sa izmjenjivačem topline, a pri normalnom rashlađivanju zraka u prostorijama, u potpunosti može otpasti upotreba rashladnih aparata, a što se onda iskazuje na pozamašnoj uštedi energije. When using an air well according to the invention together with a heat exchanger, and during normal cooling of the air in the rooms, the use of cooling devices can be completely eliminated, which then results in considerable energy savings.

Iz zračnog bunara crpljen zrak gotovo je sterilan, što znači da je praktično oslobođen klica i peludi. The air drawn from the air well is almost sterile, which means that it is practically free of germs and pollen.

Izumu skladni zračni bunar prednosti nudi i za industriju u kojoj su potrebne prostorije sa najčišćim zrakom, kao i za kirurška operacijska područja. The invention of the harmonious air well offers advantages for industry where rooms with the cleanest air are needed, as well as for surgical operating areas.

Ovaj u prednjem tekstu kao izvedbeni primjer opisani zračni bunar sa šljunčanom podlogom površine 24 m/2 ( 3m x 8m dužine stranica), uspio je pri pogonskoj snazi ventilatora 6 od 1000 W crpiti količinu od 4000 m3/h od u zračnom bunaru na 12,6°C ugrijanog zraka (vanjska temperatura +2°C). Generalno se kod principa zračnog bunara može računati sa otprilike 6m/2 površine šljunčane podloge za 1000 m3/h, na otprilike 12°C prethodno ugrijani zrak. This air well with a gravel surface of 24 m/2 (3m x 8m side length) described in the preceding text as a performance example, managed to pump a quantity of 4000 m3/h from the air well to 12, with the driving power of fan 6 of 1000 W. 6°C heated air (outside temperature +2°C). In general, with the air well principle, approximately 6m/2 of the surface of the gravel substrate can be calculated for 1000 m3/h, at approximately 12°C preheated air.

Značajka je izuma da je kapacitet sadržaja cijele šljunčane podloge u cijelosti iskoristiv, a na koji se način površina izmjene prema podzemnoj vodi uvelike uvećava. A feature of the invention is that the capacity of the content of the entire gravel substrate can be used in its entirety, and in this way the area of exchange with the underground water is greatly increased.

Claims (13)

1. Uređaj za dobivanje svježeg zraka, posebno za uređaje za kondicioniranje zraka, naznačen time, da je predviđen jedan u šljunčanoj podlozi ili nečem sličnom, uređen uređaj za crpljenje zraka (1,3,5,6), uz čiju se pomoć može crpiti zrak koji je u šljunčanoj podlozi utjecajem topline zemlje ili podzemne vode, konstantno temperiran na otprilike 12 C, pri čemu uređaj za crpljenje zraka unutar šljunčane podloge obuhvaća jedan zračni šaht 1, barem jednu na zračni šaht 1 priključenu cijev za usisavanje vode 5, te da je barem jedna pozicija sa otvorima za ulazak zraka opskrbljenim cijevima predviđena u jednoj uglavnom vodoravnoj ravnini, u čijoj sredini je smješten zračni šaht 1 što se napaja tim cijevima.1. A device for obtaining fresh air, especially for air conditioning devices, indicated by the fact that one is provided in a gravel base or something similar, arranged device for pumping air (1,3,5,6), with the help of which it can be pumped the air that is in the gravel bed under the influence of the heat of the earth or underground water is constantly tempered at approximately 12 C, whereby the device for pumping air inside the gravel bed includes one air shaft 1, at least one water suction pipe 5 connected to the air shaft 1, and that is at least one position with air inlets supplied by pipes provided in a generally horizontal plane, in the middle of which is located the air shaft 1 which is fed by these pipes. 2. Uređaj prema Zahtjevu 1, naznačen time, da sa otvor ima za ulazak zraka opskrbljene cijevi 3 predstavljaju, same po sebi poznate, drenažne cijevi.2. The device according to Claim 1, indicated by the fact that the pipes 3 supplied with the opening for air entry are known per se drainage pipes. 3. Uređaj prema Zahtjevu 1, naznačen time, da je u cijevi za usisavanje vode 5 predviđen uređaj za crpljenje zraka 6 u obliku ventilatora.3. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the water suction pipe 5 is provided with an air suction device 6 in the form of a fan. 4. Uređaj prema Zahtjevu 3, naznačen time, da je cijev za usisavanje vode 5 sa svojim od kraja prema zračnom šahtu 1 okrenutim dijelom priključena na izmjenjivač topline jednog uređaja za kondicioniranje zraka.4. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the water suction pipe 5 with its end facing the air shaft 1 is connected to the heat exchanger of an air conditioning device. 5. Uređaj prema jednom od Zahtjeva 1 do 4, naznačen time, da je zračni šaht 1 orijentiran prema površini zemlje 2 i tako primljen od šljunčane podloge.5. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the air shaft 1 is oriented towards the surface of the earth 2 and thus received from the gravel base. 6. Uređaj prema Zahtjevu 5, naznačen time, da gornji i kraj zračnog šahta 1 uglavnom završava sa površinom zemlje i da je donji kraj zračnog šahta smješten otprilike 3 m ispod površine zemlje.6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the upper and end of the air shaft 1 mostly ends with the surface of the earth and that the lower end of the air shaft is located approximately 3 m below the surface of the earth. 7. Uređaj prema Zahtjevu 5 ili 6, naznačen time, da je gornji kraj zračnog šahta 1 zatvoren sa, u ovisnosti od vanjske temperature, otvarajućom haubom 7, koja u otvorenom stanju dopušta upravljani/regulirani dotok vanjskog zraka u zračni šaht.7. Device according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the upper end of the air shaft 1 is closed with, depending on the outside temperature, an opening hood 7, which in the open state allows controlled/regulated inflow of outside air into the air shaft. 8. Uređaj prema jednom od Zahtjeva 1 do 7, naznačen time, da se na šljunčanoj podlozi nalazi sloj humusa 4 sa umetkom trave.8. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that there is a layer of humus 4 with an insert of grass on the gravel base. 9. Uređaj prema jednom od Zahtjeva 1 do 8, naznačen time, da je predviđena pumpa za podzemnu vodu koja seže do podzemne vode, a uz čiju pomoć se podzemna voda može dopremati u šljunčanu podlogu.9. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that a pump for underground water is provided that reaches the underground water, with the help of which the underground water can be delivered to the gravel base. 10. Postupak za dobivanje svježeg zraka, posebno za uređaje za kondicioniranje zraka, naznačen time, da se iz dubine šljunčane podloge ili tome sličnom, usiše zrak i rabi kao svježi zrak, pri čemu je usisani zrak zbog topline zemlje ili podzemne vode konstantno temperiran na otprilike 12°C, i šljunčana podloga služi kao filter za klice i pelud, te kao navlaživač zraka.10. Procedure for obtaining fresh air, especially for air conditioning devices, indicated by the fact that air is sucked from the depth of the gravel base or similar and used as fresh air, whereby the sucked air is constantly tempered at approximately 12°C, and the gravel substrate serves as a filter for germs and pollen, and as an air humidifier. 11. Postupak prema Zahtjevu 10, naznačen time, da se u šljunčanoj podlozi uz pomoć drenažnih cijevi 3 i šahti za sakupljanje zraka 1 skuplja zrak, i da se doprema izmjenjivaču topline 9 jednog uređaja za kondicioniranje zraka.11. The method according to Claim 10, characterized in that air is collected in the gravel substrate with the help of drainage pipes 3 and air collection shaft 1, and is delivered to the heat exchanger 9 of an air conditioning device. 12. Postupak prema Zahtjevu 10 ili 11, naznačen time, da pri dubinama podzemnih voda većim od otprilike 5 m može, uz pomoć pumpe (8), ubacivati podzemna voda u šljunčanu podlogu.12. The procedure according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized by the fact that at groundwater depths greater than approximately 5 m, groundwater can be injected into the gravel substrate with the help of a pump (8). 13. Postupak prema Zahtjevu 11 ili 12, naznačen time, da je kapacitet skupljanja cjelokupne šljunčane podloge u potpunom opsegu iskorišten i time površina izmjene prema podzemnoj vodi biva u mnogo povećana.13. The method according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized by the fact that the capacity of collection of the entire gravel substrate is used to its full extent and thus the area of exchange with the underground water is greatly increased.
HR95118976.0A 1995-12-01 1996-03-01 Method and device for obtaining fresh air in air conditioning HRP960105A2 (en)

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FR2826105B1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2004-01-09 Didier Demercastel INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR THERMAL REGULATION OF AT LEAST ONE SPACE
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