CN101948994B - 一种生物质锅炉专用热喷涂丝材 - Google Patents
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种热喷涂材料,特别涉及一种高铬钼镍基合金及其所制成的喷涂丝材,属于抗蚀材料技术领域。所述丝材按质量百分比范围包括如下成分:Ni45.0-55.0%,Cr22.0-27.0%,Mo7.0-11.0%,Fe4.0-7.0%,Ti2.0-3.5%。本发明耐蚀抗磨涂层具有较高的接合强度,优良的抗NaCl、KCl、NH、NOx、H2S、SO2腐蚀能力,极好的耐磨性等特点。涂层无需封孔,可明显提高生物质锅炉的运行周期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热喷涂材料,特别涉及一种高铬钼镍基合金及其所制成的喷涂丝材,属于抗蚀材料技术领域。
背景技术
和环境问题已成为全球关注的焦点。经济的发展、开发造成能源的紧缺。发达国家对环境污染已采取了严格的控制措施,并积极寻找新的可替代能源。我国作为农业大国,预计到2010年每年农作物秸秆产量将达到7.26亿吨。每年因无法处理的剩余农作物秸秆在田间直接焚烧的超过2亿吨,这不仅浪费了资源,而且造成严重的空气污染。生物质垃圾的焚烧处理既可以满足环境保护的要求,又可以充分利用生物质垃圾的热能,一举两得。环保型生物质垃圾焚烧锅炉的研发,对可再生能源的利用和环境保护有着极其重要的现实意义。
由于生物质燃料,尤其是生活废弃物是一种低品位的燃料,同时它又具有高挥发性、高热值等特点。生物质燃料中都含有比化石燃料高得多的碱金属如Na、K,还有大量Cl及N、S等元素,这些元素在高温下极易生成NaCl、KCl、NH、NOx、H2S、SO2等物质。锅炉房中有大量的水蒸气,而这些物质在高温蒸汽存在时的腐蚀性极强。
生物质锅炉最严重的是过热器腐蚀问题,其烟气温度在870~970℃之间,腐蚀多发生在过热器受热面上,以氯腐蚀为主。生物质燃烧过程中的腐蚀主要是与气态HCl有关。HCl会直接与受热面金属反应,加速金属合金氧化而引起腐蚀,也称活性氧化腐蚀。气相HCl的腐蚀机理显示,HCl提供了金属连续离开金属表面朝较高氧分压侧运动的能力,而几乎没有净消耗氯。
研究还发现,在生物质锅炉管的高温腐蚀中,硫的腐蚀是一次性的,而氯的腐蚀很可能是重复性的。因此,其危害性更不容忽视。
生物质锅炉管的高温腐蚀现象以及由此而带来的诸如爆管等恶性事件一直是困扰电力行业的历久难题。
采用热喷涂技术对锅炉管进行预保护是延长锅炉寿命行之有效的措施。根据生物质锅炉管的特殊工况即NaCl、KCl、NH、NOx、H2S、SO2腐蚀,我们在喷涂材料的研制方面作了大量的实验,并对选材腐蚀动力学和腐蚀热力学进行了深入探讨。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种腐蚀能力,极好的耐磨性的生物质锅炉专用电弧喷涂丝材,从而解决上述缺陷。
为了实现上述目的本发明采用如下技术方案:一种生物质锅炉专用热喷涂丝材,所述丝材按质量百分比范围包括如下成分:Ni45.0-55.0%,Cr22.0-27.0%,Mo7.0-11.0%,Fe4.0-7.0%,Ti2.0-3.5%。
所述丝材按质量百分比范围还包括如下成分中的一种或几种:Al0.0-4.5%,Nb0.0-3.5%,Ta0.0-4.5%,Co0.0-4.5%,C0.0-1.0%,B0.0-3.0%,Y0.0-0.01%。
镍铬钼合金具有镍铬和镍钼合金加合的耐蚀性,即耐氧化-还原性复合介质的腐蚀。有高铬、钼含量的镍铬钼合金在含有F-、Cl-等离子的氧化性酸中,在含有氧化剂的还原性酸中,在氧化性酸加还原性酸的混合酸中,在湿氯和含氯气的水溶液中都有良好的耐蚀性。
Ni是无限扩大奥氏体区形成元素,可以确保材料的高温塑性,能提高涂层与基体的接合强度,便于涂层自愈合而无需封孔。Cr是抗氧化腐蚀的主要元素,能在高温时形成连续致密的保护膜Cr2O3。Mo和Ti是固溶强化元素,在有C时,还能形成弥散分布的沉淀强化相,有利于提高材料的高温强度,增强耐磨性。Mo是抗点腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀的有效元素;Ti在强腐蚀介质中有很好的化学稳定性和自钝化能力,是抗热腐蚀的“功勋”元素。
在本发明中,上述成分是一种沉淀硬化镍基耐蚀合金。在固溶处理状态下,此合金具有纯奥氏体组织,合金的塑、韧性和耐蚀性均佳。在适宜时效处理状态下,由于Ni3Ti等金属间化合物的沉淀,合金的强度、硬度提高,耐磨性增加,而耐蚀性并无明显下降,且冲击韧性还保持在足够高的水平上。因此,这是特别适合生物质锅炉工况的材料。
本发明的制作工艺如下:
采用真空感应炉熔炼,在1600℃左右温度时浇注,随模冷却。通过热轧、固溶处理、拉拔、退火、酸洗、抛光等工艺,制造不同规格的喷涂丝材。
本发明与现有技术相比有如下优点:
本发明耐蚀抗磨涂层具有较高的接合强度,优良的抗NaCl、KCl、NH、NOx、H2S、SO2腐蚀能力,极好的耐磨性等特点。涂层无需封孔,可明显提高生物质锅炉的运行周期。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取Ni52.0%,Cr24%,Mo10.0%,Fe5.0%,Ti2.5%,Al1.5%,Nb2.0%,Ta1.5%,Co1.0%,C0.5%,将配好的材料放入真空感应炉内熔炼,熔炼后浇注成合金锭,经锻压、轧制、拉丝、热处理等工序制作成直径3.0mm电弧喷涂丝材,在生物质锅炉工况下可延长“四管”寿命2-3倍。
实施例2
取Ni50.0%,Cr23%,Mo9.0%,Fe6.0%,Ti2.5%,Al2.5%,Nb2.0%,Ta2.5%,Co2.5%,将配好的材料放入真空感应炉内熔炼,熔炼后浇注成合金锭,经锻压、轧制、拉丝、热处理等工序制作成直径2.4mm电弧喷涂丝材,在生物质锅炉工况下可延长“四管”寿命3-4倍。
Claims (2)
1.一种生物质锅炉专用热喷涂丝材,其特征在于,所述丝材按质量百分比范围包括如下成分:Ni45.0-55.0%,Cr22.0-27.0%,Mo7.0-11.0%,Fe4.0-7.0%,Ti2.0-3.5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质锅炉专用热喷涂丝材,其特征在于,所述丝材按质量百分比范围还包括如下成分中的一种或几种:Al0.0-4.5%,Nb0.0-3.5%,Ta0.0-4.5%,Co0.0-4.5%,C0.0-1.0%,B0.0-3.0%,Y0.0-0.01%。
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CN111304579B (zh) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-11-02 | 扬州大学 | 一种耐生物质高温腐蚀的Ni包Al加Mo涂层材料 |
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