CN101930057A - Method and system for detecting faults of power batteries - Google Patents
Method and system for detecting faults of power batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN101930057A CN101930057A CN 201010202486 CN201010202486A CN101930057A CN 101930057 A CN101930057 A CN 101930057A CN 201010202486 CN201010202486 CN 201010202486 CN 201010202486 A CN201010202486 A CN 201010202486A CN 101930057 A CN101930057 A CN 101930057A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for detecting faults of power batteries. The system comprises a voltage detection circuit, a window comparison circuit, a control unit, a time control unit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a control circuit, wherein the voltage detection circuit detects a voltage value of a single battery; the window comparison circuit compares the detected voltage values respectively and judges whether the detected voltage values fall in the first threshold value range; the control unit controls an actuator to cut off a charge-discharge circuit or give an alarm when the voltage value of any single battery does not fall in the first threshold value range; the time control unit controls the preset interval time for voltage detection; when the voltage values fall in first threshold value range, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts the voltage values into voltage digital signals to be inputted in a temporary storage module, and an MCU secondary comparison unit selects the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value from the voltage values to perform the secondary comparison and judges whether the difference value of the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value falls in the second threshold value range; and when the difference value of the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value does not fall in the second threshold value range, the control circuit controls the actuator to cut off the charge-discharge circuit or give an alarm. By using the detection system and the detection method provided by the invention, the power batteries are guaranteed to have higher safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of to electrokinetic cell, the especially fault detection method of the power battery pack that is in series by a plurality of independent batteries, and the detection system that realizes this method.
Background technology
The available dynamic battery mainly is to be used on PHEV or the pure electric vehicle, because it has the advantage of low-carbon environment-friendly, obtains the favor of each vehicle production producer.Therefore, the present electrokinetic cell that constitutes with lithium battery group or lithium iron battery group is just by deep research, also by on probation on some vehicles.As car of pure battery etc.Thisly if one of them independent battery breaks down, all can have influence on the use of whole power battery, when situation is serious, also battery explosion can occur, cause the damage of personnel and vehicle by a plurality of batteries electric battery that is in series.
In order to prevent the appearance of the problems referred to above, people have taked certain precautionary measures to this electrokinetic cell, as shown in Figure 3, electric battery is by N independent battery, as battery 1, battery 2...... battery N-1, battery N forms, with respect to first independent battery, the voltage detecting circuit of battery 1 to battery N arranged respectively, with the window comparator circuit of battery 1 to battery N, if wherein the voltage range of some batteries is not in predetermined voltage range, be generally 3.0V-4.2V, then control module stops to discharge and recharge of this electric battery by corresponding executive component or reports to the police by warning device, to reach purpose of safety.Every the schedule time, voltage detecting circuit and voltage comparator circuit circulation primary.The method of this detection, since predetermined voltage range (3.0V-4.2V) broad, the independent battery that voltage is lower, suppose that wherein the voltage of a certain battery has only 3.1V or 3.2V, and the voltage of most of battery is really in high value, and as 4.1V or 4.2, it is qualified all to be judged as, can continue to use,, in an electric battery, the battery that voltage is low, there is the battery of inherent hidden danger in inside battery often, and existing testing circuit can't be distinguished.The battery of the inherent hidden danger of this existence may cause the blast of this battery, causes the blast of this other battery of electric battery then, and more serious meeting has influence on the life-span of whole vehicle.And if that predetermined voltage range is set to is narrower, this can cause electric battery too frequent be stopped use, and do not reach practical effect.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above shortcoming, the invention provides the higher electrokinetic cell fault detection method of a kind of security.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of realization system for carrying out said process.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of electrokinetic cell fault detection method is provided, comprises the steps:
(1), each that detects in regular turn respectively in the electric battery saves the magnitude of voltage of independent battery, and judge that by window comparator circuit this magnitude of voltage is whether in predetermined first threshold scope, if the magnitude of voltage of the independent battery of wherein any joint is not in the first threshold scope, then pass through control module, and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery; Or fault is reported host computer by the control circuit of micro-control unit (MCU); Or report to the police by warning device; If the magnitude of voltage of surveying in the first threshold scope, then carry out,
(2), after converting this magnitude of voltage to digital signal by A/D converter, export to micro-control unit (MCU), be temporarily stored in the temporary module of micro-control unit (MCU), micro-control unit (MCU) is by computing, maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value chosen from temporary module in all magnitudes of voltage are carried out the second time relatively, whether the difference of judging both is in the second predetermined threshold range, if both differences are not in second threshold range, the then control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU) reports host computer with fault; Or warning device is reported to the police; If both differences in second threshold range, electric battery operate as normal then;
(3), every the schedule time, repeat above-mentioned (1) step and (2) to go on foot.
As improvement of the present invention, the present invention also comprises the temperature detection step, be provided with temperature sensor (NTC) on the surface of each independent battery or/and be provided with temperature sensor (NTC) near electric battery, temperature sensing circuit becomes digital signal by mould/number conversion circuit with the temperature simulation conversion of signals of temperature sensor (NTC), and flow to micro-control unit (MCU), micro-control unit (MCU) judges that the temperature value detected is whether in predetermined temperature value scope, if temperature value is not in the temperature value scope, then pass through the control circuit of micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cut off electric battery charge-discharge circuit or or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and warning device is reported to the police; If temperature value in the temperature value scope, electric battery operate as normal then; Every predetermined temperature detection time, repeat above-mentioned steps.
Among the present invention, described executive component is relay or controllable silicon.
Among the present invention, described warning device is audible alarm unit or light alarming device; Or acoustic-optic alarm, or communication report and alarm device.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrokinetic cell fault detection system, comprising:
With the voltage detecting circuit that the independent number of batteries of electric battery equates, be used for respectively the magnitude of voltage of independent battery is detected;
With the window comparator circuit that voltage detecting circuit quantity equates, be used for respectively the survey magnitude of voltage being compared, judge whether magnitude of voltage drops in the predetermined first threshold scope;
Control module, the magnitude of voltage that is used for working as the independent battery of any joint be not in the first threshold scope, and then control actuating component is cut off the charge-discharge circuit or the warning of control warning device of electric battery;
Time control unit is used to control interval schedule time of voltage detecting;
With the analog to digital conversion circuit that window comparator circuit quantity equates, be used for magnitude of voltage when independent battery in the first threshold scope time, convert this magnitude of voltage to voltage digital signal;
Temporary module is used for temporary transient storage voltage digital signal;
MCU secondary comparing unit is used for carrying out second time relatively from maximum voltage value and minimum voltage value that temporary module is chosen all magnitudes of voltage, and whether the difference of judging both is in second threshold range of being scheduled to;
Control circuit, when both difference not in second threshold range, control actuating component is cut off the charge-discharge circuit or the control warning device of electric battery and is reported to the police; If both differences in second threshold range, electric battery operate as normal then.
As the further improvement to the system among the present invention, the present invention also comprises the temperature sensor (NTC) on the surface that is arranged on each independent battery, is used to detect the temperature of independent battery;
Or/and be arranged on the temperature sensor (NTC) of close electric battery, be used to detect the environment temperature of electric battery;
With the temperature sensing circuit that temperature sensor (NTC) quantity equates, be used to amplify the electric signal of temperature sensor;
The mould that equates with temperature sensing circuit quantity/number conversion circuit becomes the temperature digital signal with the temperature simulation conversion of signals of temperature sensor (NTC), and flows to MCU secondary comparing unit;
MCU secondary comparing unit judges that the temperature value detected is whether in predetermined temperature value scope;
If temperature value is not in the temperature value scope, the then control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and warning device is reported to the police;
If temperature value in the temperature value scope, electric battery operate as normal then;
Every predetermined temperature detection time, repeat the said temperature testing process.
Among the present invention, described first threshold scope is 2.0V-4.5V.Described second threshold range is 0.05V-2.5V.
The present invention is because maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value of having taked the magnitude of voltage in meeting the first threshold voltage range to choose are wherein carried out the second time relatively, whether the difference of judging both is in the second predetermined threshold range, and it is the voltage range that both difference is provided with is less, like this, just can guarantee the consistance of battery capacity; Thereby also reflected the consistance of battery inherent quality, overcome in the prior art, the excessive and potential safety hazard that exists of pressure reduction between the independent battery that can't reflect.In addition, also be provided with temperature sensing circuit among the present invention, it can the another one aspect quality of reflection battery quality, when temperature surpasses the predetermined temperature value scope, it can control the duty of electric battery equally, reaches purpose of safety more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the frame structure synoptic diagram of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit principle structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the frame structure synoptic diagram of existing testing circuit.
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of electrokinetic cell fault detection method, comprise the steps:
A kind of electrokinetic cell fault detection method comprises the steps:
(1), each that detects in regular turn respectively in the electric battery saves the magnitude of voltage of independent battery, and judge that by window comparator circuit this magnitude of voltage is whether in predetermined first threshold scope, if the magnitude of voltage of the independent battery of wherein any joint is not in the first threshold scope, then pass through control module, and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery; Or fault is reported host computer by the control circuit of micro-control unit (MCU); Or report to the police by warning device; If the magnitude of voltage of surveying in the first threshold scope, then carry out,
(2), after converting this magnitude of voltage to digital signal by A/D converter, export to micro-control unit (MCU), be temporarily stored in the temporary module of micro-control unit (MCU), micro-control unit (MCU) is by computing, maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value chosen from temporary module in all magnitudes of voltage are carried out the second time relatively, whether the difference of judging both is in the second predetermined threshold range, if both differences are not in second threshold range, the then control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU) reports host computer with fault; Or warning device is reported to the police; If both differences in second threshold range, electric battery operate as normal then;
(3), every the schedule time (schedule time, every the schedule time, time control unit started one-time detection by time control unit control, as every 5 minutes or 10 minutes etc.), repeat above-mentioned (1) step and (2) to go on foot.
The present invention also comprises the temperature detection step, be provided with temperature sensor (NTC) on the surface of each independent battery or/and be provided with temperature sensor (NTC) near electric battery, temperature sensing circuit becomes digital signal by mould/number conversion circuit with the temperature simulation conversion of signals of temperature sensor (NTC), and flow to micro-control unit (MCU), micro-control unit (MCU) judges that the temperature value detected is whether in predetermined temperature value scope, if temperature value is not in the temperature value scope, then pass through the control circuit of micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU) reports host computer with fault, or/and report to the police by warning device; If temperature value in the temperature value scope, electric battery operate as normal then; Every predetermined temperature detection time, repeat above-mentioned steps.
Obviously, can also include the real-time display module of electric current, voltage and the temperature of each independent battery among the present invention, be used for showing in real time the real-time status of electric current, voltage and the temperature of each independent battery; And/or the real-time display module of electric current, voltage and the temperature of electric battery is arranged, be used for showing in real time the real-time status of total current, total voltage and the environment temperature of electric battery.The controlled circuit control of above-mentioned real-time display module.
Among the present invention, described executive component is relay or controllable silicon.
Among the present invention, described warning device is audible alarm unit or light alarming device; Or acoustic-optic alarm, or fault reported host computer.
See also Fig. 1, what Fig. 1 disclosed is a kind of electrokinetic cell fault detection system, comprising:
With independent battery BT1, the BT2......BTN-1 of electric battery, voltage detecting circuit 11,12......1N-1, the 1N that BTN quantity equates, be used for respectively the magnitude of voltage of independent battery BT1, BT2......BTN-1, BTN is detected, in order to reach the purpose that detects each independent battery BT1, BT2......BTN-1, BTN successively, also be provided with selected cell 3 among the present invention, the effect of selected cell 3 is to control detected independent battery BT1, connection or the disconnection of BT2......BTN-1, BTN successively; Certainly, also can not establish selected cell 3, and adopt the mode that detects each independent battery BT1, BT2......BTN-1, BTN simultaneously;
With voltage detecting circuit 11,12......1N-1, the window comparator circuit 21 that 1N quantity equates, 22......2N-1,2N, be used for the independent battery BT1 to being surveyed respectively, BT2......BTN-1, magnitude of voltage and the reference voltage of BTN compare, judge each independent battery BT1 respectively, BT2......BTN-1, whether the magnitude of voltage of BTN drops in the predetermined first threshold scope, first threshold scope among the present invention is 2.0V-4.2V, specifically, can select 2.0V-4.5V to its first threshold scope of lithium battery, for lithium Fe battery, its first threshold scope can be selected 2.0V-3.8V.
Time control unit 5 among the present invention, be used for control, detect once the magnitude of voltage of battery BT1, BT2......BTN-1, BTN separately as any one time period that can be arranged in per 1 minute to 30 minutes the interval schedule time of the voltage detecting of independent battery BT1, BT2......BTN-1, BTN;
When if the magnitude of voltage of battery BT1, BT2......BTN-1, BTN is in the first threshold scope separately, analog to digital conversion circuit 31,32......3N-1,3N then by equating with window comparator circuit 21,22......2N-1,2N quantity, convert this magnitude of voltage to voltage digital signal, and flow to temporary module 6; Temporary module 6 is used for temporary transient storage voltage digital signal;
MCU secondary comparing unit 7 among the present invention, be used for carrying out the second time relatively from maximum voltage value and minimum voltage value that temporary module 6 is chosen all magnitudes of voltage, whether the difference of judging both is in the second predetermined threshold range, second threshold range among the present invention is 0.05V-2.5V, by comparing second threshold range, can guarantee each independent battery BT1, BT2......BTN-1, the characteristic basically identical of BTN, if the pressure reduction between the different independent battery in the same electric battery is excessive, will produce potential safety hazard, if the pressure reduction between the different independent battery in the same electric battery is in a reasonable range, performance basically identical between each independent battery just is described, use that can be relieved, even when the first threshold of this electric battery is near the first threshold lower limit, potential safety hazard can not occur;
Control circuit 8 among the present invention, the main effect of control circuit 8 is that difference when maximum voltage value in the magnitude of voltage and minimum voltage value is not in second threshold range time, the charge-discharge circuit that control actuating component 41 is cut off electric battery, or 42 warnings of control warning device, perhaps fault is reported host computer; If the difference of maximum voltage value in the magnitude of voltage and minimum voltage value in second threshold range, electric battery operate as normal then.
Also be provided with a temperature sensor (NTC) 91 among the present invention, be used to detect the temperature of this independent battery on the surface of each independent battery; Or/and, be used to detect the environment temperature of electric battery a plurality of temperature sensors (NTC) being set near electric battery; Each temperature sensor (NTC) all corresponding setting has temperature sensing circuit 92, is used to amplify the electric signal of temperature sensor 91;
Temperature signal mould/number conversion the circuit 93 that equates with temperature sensing circuit 92 quantity becomes the temperature digital signal with the temperature simulation conversion of signals of temperature sensor (NTC), and flows to MCU secondary comparing unit; MCU secondary comparing unit judges that the temperature value detected is whether in predetermined temperature value scope; If temperature value is (such as-5 degrees centigrade to 75 degrees centigrade) not in the temperature value scope, then pass through the control circuit 8 of micro-control unit 20 (MCU), and executive component 41 cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery or the control circuit 8 by micro-control unit (MCU) 20, and warning device 42 is reported to the police; If temperature value in the temperature value scope, electric battery operate as normal then; Every predetermined temperature detection time, by time control unit 5 controls (A place and A ' among the figure locate to join), repetition said temperature testing process.
See also Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the circuit principle structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 1.Be that voltage detecting circuit 11,12......1N-1,1N, window comparator circuit 21,22......2N-1,2N, control module 4, selected cell 3 and time control unit 5 are integrated in 10 li of integrated circuit among Fig. 2, be referred to as hardware detection, the model that this integrated circuit 10 (in the left-hand broken line square frame) can select for use day to dash commercial (Beijing) company limited (OKI company) is the ML5207 integrated package; With analog to digital conversion circuit 31,32......3N-1,3N, temporary module 6 (FLASH), MCU secondary comparing unit 7, control circuit 8, and temperature sensing circuit 92 and temperature signal mould/number conversion circuit 93 are integrated in another integrated circuit, be referred to as micro-control unit 20 (MCU, in the dashed rectangle of right side), the model that micro-control unit 20 can select for use day to dash commercial (Beijing) company limited (OKI company) is the ML5207-1 integrated package.Like this, add some and integrated circuit 10 and micro-control unit 20 supporting peripheral circuits constitute a complete survey check system.Just can realize each independent battery BT1 of electric battery, voltage and the temperature of BT2......BTN-1, BTN are shown in real time, to guarantee the safety of electric battery by the real-time display module 30 of electric current, voltage and temperature.
Claims (10)
1. an electrokinetic cell fault detection method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1), each that detects in regular turn respectively in the electric battery saves the magnitude of voltage of independent battery, and judge that by window comparator circuit this magnitude of voltage is whether in predetermined first threshold scope, if the magnitude of voltage of the independent battery of wherein any joint is not in the first threshold scope, then pass through control module, and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery; Or fault is reported host computer by the control circuit of micro-control unit (MCU); Or report to the police by warning device; If the magnitude of voltage of surveying in the first threshold scope, then carry out,
(2), after converting this magnitude of voltage to digital signal by A/D converter, export to micro-control unit (MCU), be temporarily stored in the temporary module of micro-control unit (MCU), micro-control unit (MCU) is by computing, maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value chosen from temporary module in all magnitudes of voltage are carried out the second time relatively, whether the difference of judging both is in the second predetermined threshold range, if both differences are not in second threshold range, the then control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU) reports host computer with fault; Or warning device is reported to the police; If both differences in second threshold range, electric battery operate as normal then;
(3), every the schedule time, repeat above-mentioned (1) step and (2) to go on foot.
2. electrokinetic cell fault detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise the temperature detection step, be provided with temperature sensor (NTC) on the surface of each independent battery or/and be provided with temperature sensor (NTC) near electric battery, temperature sensing circuit becomes digital signal by mould/number conversion circuit with the temperature simulation conversion of signals of temperature sensor (NTC), and flow to micro-control unit (MCU), micro-control unit (MCU) judges that the temperature value detected is whether in predetermined temperature value scope, if temperature value is not in the temperature value scope, then pass through the control circuit of micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cut off electric battery charge-discharge circuit or or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and warning device is reported to the police; If temperature value in the temperature value scope, electric battery operate as normal then; Every predetermined temperature detection time, repeat above-mentioned steps.
3. electrokinetic cell fault detection method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described first threshold scope is 2.0V-4.5V.
4. electrokinetic cell fault detection method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described second threshold range is 0.05V-2.5V.
5. electrokinetic cell fault detection method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described executive component is power MOS pipe or controllable silicon or relay.
6. electrokinetic cell fault detection method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described warning device is audible alarm unit or light alarming device; Or acoustic-optic alarm, or communication report and alarm device.
7. an electrokinetic cell fault detection system is characterized in that, comprising: with the voltage detecting circuit that the independent number of batteries of electric battery equates, be used for respectively the magnitude of voltage of independent battery is detected;
With the window comparator circuit that voltage detecting circuit quantity equates, be used for respectively the survey magnitude of voltage being compared, judge whether magnitude of voltage drops in the predetermined first threshold scope;
Control module, the magnitude of voltage that is used for working as the independent battery of any joint be not in the first threshold scope, and then control actuating component is cut off the charge-discharge circuit or the warning of control warning device of electric battery;
Time control unit is used to control interval schedule time of voltage detecting; Analog-digital converter circuit is used for magnitude of voltage when independent battery in the first threshold scope time, converts this magnitude of voltage to voltage digital signal;
Temporary module is used for temporary transient storage voltage digital signal;
MCU secondary comparing unit is used for carrying out second time relatively from maximum voltage value and minimum voltage value that temporary module is chosen all magnitudes of voltage, and whether the difference of judging both is in second threshold range of being scheduled to;
Control circuit, when both difference not in second threshold range, control actuating component is cut off the charge-discharge circuit or the control warning device of electric battery and is reported to the police; If both differences in second threshold range, electric battery operate as normal then.
8. electrokinetic cell fault detection system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: also comprise the temperature sensor (NTC) on the surface that is arranged on each independent battery, be used to detect the temperature of independent battery;
Or/and be arranged on the temperature sensor (NTC) of close electric battery, be used to detect the environment temperature of electric battery;
With the temperature sensing circuit that temperature sensor (NTC) quantity equates, be used to amplify the electric signal of temperature sensor;
The mould that equates with temperature sensing circuit quantity/number conversion circuit becomes the temperature digital signal with the temperature simulation conversion of signals of temperature sensor (NTC), and flows to MCU secondary comparing unit;
MCU secondary comparing unit judges that the temperature value detected is whether in predetermined temperature value scope;
If temperature value is not in the temperature value scope, the then control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and executive component cuts off the charge-discharge circuit of electric battery or the control circuit by micro-control unit (MCU), and warning device is reported to the police;
If temperature value in the temperature value scope, electric battery operate as normal then;
Every predetermined temperature detection time, repeat the said temperature testing process.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described electrokinetic cell fault detection systems, it is characterized in that: described first threshold scope is 2.0V-4.5V.
10. electrokinetic cell fault detection system according to claim 9 is characterized in that: described second threshold range is 0.05V-2.5V.
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