CN107843853A - A kind of power battery pack is connected in series method for diagnosing faults - Google Patents
A kind of power battery pack is connected in series method for diagnosing faults Download PDFInfo
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- CN107843853A CN107843853A CN201711331218.5A CN201711331218A CN107843853A CN 107843853 A CN107843853 A CN 107843853A CN 201711331218 A CN201711331218 A CN 201711331218A CN 107843853 A CN107843853 A CN 107843853A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Abstract
The present invention proposes that a kind of power battery pack is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, and battery pack is formed by n batteries are monomer series-connected, using crossover voltage method of testing.Battery management system records battery cell voltage and battery cell surface temperature, and electrokinetic cell used is emulated using MATLAB/simuink, record emulation voltage.Experiment with computing and the mean square error of simulation data voltage, tentatively determine whether electric voltage exception, if any then based on mean square error calculating Z score as voltage detecting exception coefficient.Connecting fault or monomer internal resistance increase failure are determined whether according to voltage detecting exception coefficient, if so, being then determined as secondary failure；And battery surface temperature rise rate is calculated, judge whether it is more than predetermined threshold value, if so, being then determined as level fault.The reliable diagnosis of the achievable power battery pack connecting fault of the present invention, contact resistance increase and internal resistance increase failure are distinguished, algorithm is easy, also can effectively reduce the operation burden of battery management system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Vehicular dynamic battery technical group field, and in particular to a kind of power battery pack is connected in series failure and examined
Disconnected method.
Background technology
Generally, batteries of electric automobile group is formed by several sections of high capacity cells are monomer series-connected, with meet electric automobile performance and
Power demand.However, the series of factors such as condition of road surface, vehicle performance is all during equipment defect, and electric automobile during traveling
The loosening of intercell connection part may be caused.Once loosening, the contact resistance between two battery cells will increase connector, from
And measurement of the battery management system to battery cell voltage is directly affected, while caused Joule heat also increases on intercell connection part
Add, cause battery surface temperature to raise.
High capacity cell has the very small internal resistance of cell, generally m Ω ranks, the contact resistance one under normal connection status
As be μ Ω (or m Ω) rank.If connector loosens, contact resistance is up to m Ω above ranks.Therefore, filled in electrokinetic cell
When electric, the battery cell voltage of measurement, which takes the lead in reaching charge cutoff voltage, shifts to an earlier date complete charge process；When electrokinetic cell discharges,
The battery cell voltage of measurement takes the lead in reaching discharge cut-off voltage terminates discharge process in advance.Power battery pack, which will occur, fills not
Completely, endless phenomenon is put.Also, connector, which loosens, causes the contact resistance between two battery cells to increase, caused Joule heat
, serious potential safety hazard be present in increase.
Vehicular dynamic battery group once occurs above-mentioned phenomenon and will all directly affect the normally travel of electric automobile, or even can draw
Play fire explosion.Therefore, in correlation technique, by calculating the difference of battery cell voltage and average voltage, and with presetting
Threshold value, which compares, produces target exception cell group, and determines the fault level of each monomer in target exception cell group.
All battery cells of electric voltage exception in power battery pack are can interpolate that out by the above method, this method is versatile, but threshold
Value determination methods are cumbersome, and only from abnormal voltage threshold decision, reliability is relatively low, cannot be distinguished by connector and loosen and internal resistance of cell increasing
Add failure.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve only from threshold value carry out fault diagnosis reliability it is relatively low, cannot be distinguished by contact resistance
The problem of with internal resistance of cell increase, it is proposed that one kind distinguishes contact resistance and internal resistance of cell increase using voltage test method of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task
Failure, the power battery pack that diagnostic reliability is improved based on voltage detecting exception coefficient and temperature rise rate threshold value are connected in series failure
Diagnostic method.
Therefore, the present invention, which provides a kind of power battery pack, is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, power battery pack is by n batteries
It is monomer series-connected to form, in easy corrosion or the virtual link position of occurring using voltage test method of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task, specifically include following steps：
(1) series battery flow through in use each battery cell electric current it is consistent, battery management system record
N batteries monomer voltage and battery cell the negative terminal surface temperature；
(2) the electrokinetic cell monomer is emulated based on MATLAB/simulink, records output voltage；
(3) mean square error of the n batteries monomer voltage and simulation data voltage is calculated, if square mean error amount is all near
It is seemingly zero, then judges that no-voltage is abnormal；If square mean error amount has obvious fluctuation, electric voltage exception is determined with, and based on square
The Z-score of all battery cells of error calculation test point, as voltage detecting exception coefficient；
(4) judge whether the electric voltage exception coefficient of i-th, i+1 battery cells is more than zero, if described i-th, i+1 battery lists
The electric voltage exception coefficient of body is more than zero, then judges described i-th and i+1 batteries junction failure；If i-th battery cell
Electric voltage exception coefficient is more than zero, then judges i-th internal resistance of cell increase failure；Output result is secondary failure；
(5) the n batteries monomer surface temperature rise rate is calculated；
(6) judge to be more than predetermined threshold value with the presence or absence of temperature rise rate in described i-th, i+1 battery cells, if it is present
Determination step (4) accurate judgement failure and has positioned, and output result is level fault；If it does not exist, then into next sampling
Time calculates, and output result is still secondary failure.
Wherein, in the step (1), adopting for the n batteries monomer voltage and battery cell negative terminal surface temperature is recorded
Sample frequency is 1Hz.
Wherein, in the step (1), the battery cell voltage and temperature data of battery management system record are carried out
Smoothing denoising.
Wherein, in the step (2), simulation step length is fixed step size 1s.
Wherein, in the step (3), the mean square error computational methods of battery cell voltage and simulation data voltage are：
Wherein, MSEiFor i-th of battery cell mean square error, εiFor i-th of battery cell voltage and simulation data voltage
Residual error, m are sample interval.
Wherein, in the step (3), the voltage detecting exception coefficient calculation method based on Z-score is：
Wherein, AiFor i-th of battery cell exception coefficient, MSEiFor i-th of battery cell mean square error,
MSEaveFor the average of n batteries monomer mean square error described in test point, σMFor n batteries monomer mean square error described in test point
Standard deviation.
Wherein, in the step (6), predetermined threshold value is two of battery cell maximum temperature rise speed under normal operation
Times.
Wherein, smoothing denoising method is Savitzky-Golay methods.
Wherein, sample interval m=180s, i.e., once calculated within every three minutes, the power battery pack is economized on electricity by n
Pond is monomer series-connected, can be grouped progress, so as to reduce battery management system operation burden.
Advantages of the present invention：
(1) present invention occurs to connect the method for loosening position and using crossover voltage test easy, can distinguish connector loosening
Caused contact resistance increase failure and battery cell internal resistance increase failure itself；
(2) present invention is calculated and is based on by calculating mean square error preliminary judgement whether there is electric voltage exception again if any electric voltage exception
The Z-score of mean square error compares its relation with zero as electric voltage exception coefficient, can accurate judgement connecting fault generation
And position, method are convenient directly perceived.Battery cell is grouped and calculated, can effectively reduce battery management system operation burden；
(3) present invention carries out failure sorted by battery cell temperature rise rate assistant analysis, and add fault diagnosis can
By property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present invention is connected in series method for diagnosing faults.
Fig. 2 is the connection of battery cell of the embodiment of the present invention and battery cell voltage measurement schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is battery cell circuit structure and voltage measurement illustraton of model in Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is each battery cell square mean error amount of present example (one).
Fig. 5 is each battery cell voltage detecting exception coefficient of present example (one).
Fig. 6 is each battery cell negative terminal surface temperature rise rate of present example (one).
Fig. 7 is each battery cell square mean error amount of present example (two).
Fig. 8 is each battery cell voltage detecting exception coefficient of present example (two).
Fig. 9 is each battery cell negative terminal surface temperature rise rate of present example (two).
Embodiment
Detailed embodiment is carried out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the technology of the present invention content to describe.
As shown in figure 1, being connected in series the flow chart of method for diagnosing faults for a kind of power battery pack of the embodiment of the present invention, move
Power battery pack is formed by n batteries are monomer series-connected.
In the present invention, in easy corrosion or the virtual link position of occurring using voltage test method of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task, as shown in Fig. 2 electric
Stream I from left to right passes through whole battery pack.
Embodiment is as follows：
(1) battery management system record n batteries monomer voltage and battery cell negative terminal surface temperature are, it is necessary to which explanation is
The embodiment for recording battery cell negative terminal surface temperature is exemplary, is not restricted to negative terminal surface.Also, battery management system
System record battery cell voltage and battery cell surface temperature, it is that sampling time interval can flexibly be set that it, which records time interval,
It is fixed.If sampling time interval is longer, the memory space of record data can be reduced；It is such as 1s if sampling time interval is shorter,
Then mean that the information of record is more comprehensive, all time points that may almost occur including failure.
It should be noted that as shown in Fig. 2 be crossover voltage method of testing schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, and combine such as
Battery cell circuit structure and voltage measurement illustraton of model shown in Fig. 3, EiRepresent battery cell i open-circuit voltage, riRepresent battery
Monomer i internal resistance, RiRepresent battery cell i and other battery cells contact resistance, UiRepresent the battery cell i actually measured
Terminal voltage.If connecting fault, i.e. R therefore occursiIncrease, when being charged to power battery pack, measured terminal voltage UiIt can take the lead in
Reach charge cutoff voltage and in advance complete charge process；When being discharged to power battery pack, measured terminal voltage can UiTake the lead in
Reach discharge cut-off voltage and terminate discharge process in advance.Also, the difference of measured terminal voltage is with electric current I and contact electricity
Hinder R increase and increase, that is to say, that connector loose phenomenon is more serious, and contact resistance R is bigger, the terminal voltage difference of measurement
It is bigger, while caused heat is also more on connector, and temperature rise can be caused notable.
Embodiment uses the battery cell voltage and temperature number that Savitzky-Golay methods record to battery management system
According to progress smoothing denoising.It should be noted that power battery pack is influenceed by disturbing factors such as noise, vibrations at work, therefore
Need to carry out smoothing denoising processing to the data of collection before diagnosis algorithm, Savitzky-Golay methods are in the present embodiment
A kind of method used, smoothing denoising method are not restricted to this.
(2) the electrokinetic cell monomer that example uses is emulated based on MATLAB/simulink, records output voltage；
(3) mean square error of n batteries monomer voltage and simulation data voltage is calculated, if square mean error amount is all approximately
Zero, then judge that no-voltage is abnormal；If square mean error amount has obvious fluctuation, electric voltage exception is determined with, and be based on mean square error
The Z-score of all battery cells of test point is calculated, as voltage detecting exception coefficient.
The mean square error calculation formula of battery cell voltage and simulation data voltage is：
Wherein, MSEiFor i-th of battery cell mean square error, εiFor i-th of battery cell voltage and simulation data voltage
Residual error, m are sample interval, m value 180s in the embodiment of the present invention, herein it should be noted that sample interval can
Flexibly set according to actual conditions, be not restricted to the present embodiment.That is, m values are smaller, fault diagnosis is more timely, but meeting
Increase the operation burden of battery management system；M values are bigger, and fault diagnosis there may be hysteresis.
If preliminary judgement voltage has exception, then carries out the calculating of the voltage detecting exception coefficient based on Z-score：
Wherein, AiFor i-th of battery cell exception coefficient, MSEiFor i-th of battery cell mean square error,
MSEaveFor the average of n batteries monomer mean square error described in test point, σMFor n batteries monomer mean square error described in test point
Standard deviation.
(4) judge whether the electric voltage exception coefficient of i-th, i+1 battery cells is more than zero, if i-th, i+1 battery cells
Electric voltage exception coefficient is both greater than zero, then judge failure be due to i-th be connected with i+1 batteries loosen caused by；If only i-th its
In the electric voltage exception coefficient of a batteries monomer be more than zero, then caused by judging that failure is due to the i-th battery cell internal resistance increase.
Now the generation of failure is all exported as secondary failure.
(5) n batteries monomer surface temperature rise rates are calculated, are more than if temperature rise rate be present in i-th, i+1 battery cells
Predetermined threshold value, then generation and the position of failure can be further determined that, is exported as level fault；If the i-thth, i+1 battery cells temperature
Raising speed rate is not more than predetermined threshold value, then it is still secondary failure to export.
According to fault level, corresponding troubleshooting should be made, as described in Table 1：
Table 1
| Fault level | Troubleshooting |
| One-level | Failure red early warning, user is prompted to repair immediately |
| Two level | Failure yellow early warning, user is prompted to have minor failure |
It should be noted that charge-discharge test is carried out under normal connection, the electricity being directly connected with circulating instrument negative pole
Pond monomer surface temperature can be significantly hotter than other battery cells, is primarily due to the electric current in discharge and recharge and flows through the battery list at first
Body.
It should be noted that above breakdown judge process does not shelve state including battery testing.
Analyzed below by two experiment embodiments.
Experiment by 4 section (i.e. n=4, battery cell numbering 1,2,3,4) rated capacity be 43Ah, standard charging and discharging currents be
1C NCM electrokinetic cells are connected in series, and contact resistance is less than 1.5m Ω under normal circumstances, and every group of experiment only has at one respectively to be occurred
Connecting fault, 1C constant-current discharges, FUDS working condition simulation tests are carried out to battery pack, record each monomer terminal voltage and negative terminal surface temperature
Degree.Electrokinetic cell used is emulated using MATLAB/simulink, record emulation voltage.Then to experimental data
Carry out diagnostic analysis.
Example (one)：Each battery cell square mean error amount is as shown in figure 4, the mean square error of wherein 3,4 liang of batteries monomers
Value perseverance is approximately zero, and the square mean error amount of 1,2 liang of batteries monomer is more than zero and obvious fluctuation be present, then preliminary judgement is present
Electric voltage exception.Z-score voltage detecting exception coefficient is calculated based on mean square error as shown in figure 5, removing state of shelving, 3,4 liang
The electric voltage exception coefficient of batteries monomer is less than zero, and the electric voltage exception coefficient of 1,2 liang of batteries monomer is more than zero, then can determine that
Connecting fault be present between 1 and 2 liang of batteries monomer, that is, have secondary failure.In conjunction with shown in Fig. 6, battery cell 1 is removed
(being directly connected with circulating instrument negative pole), the temperature rise rate of battery cell 2 are noticeably greater than maximum temperature rise speed 0.01 under normal circumstances
DEG C/twice of s, further verify connecting fault be present between battery cell 1 and 2, be level fault.
Example (two)：Each battery cell square mean error amount is as shown in fig. 7, the mean square error of wherein 1,4 liang of batteries monomer
Value perseverance is approximately zero, and the square mean error amount of 2,3 liang of batteries monomers is more than zero and obvious fluctuation be present, then preliminary judgement is present
Electric voltage exception.Z-score voltage detecting exception coefficient is calculated based on mean square error as shown in figure 8, removing state of shelving, 1,4 liang
The electric voltage exception coefficient of batteries monomer is less than zero, and the electric voltage exception coefficient of 2,3 liang of batteries monomers is more than zero, then can determine that
Connecting fault be present between 2 and 3 liang of batteries monomers, that is, have secondary failure.In conjunction with shown in Fig. 9, battery cell 1 is removed
(being directly connected with circulating instrument negative pole), the temperature rise rate of battery cell 3 are noticeably greater than maximum temperature rise speed 0.01 under normal circumstances
DEG C/twice of s, further verify connecting fault be present between battery cell 2 and 3, be level fault.
In summary, the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present invention is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, and by reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task, voltage is surveyed
Examination, can distinguish contact resistance increase and internal resistance increase failure, mean square error calculate can preliminary judgement whether have electric voltage exception, if nothing
It is abnormal, then without calculating again；If there is exception, the calculating of voltage detecting exception coefficient is carried out again based on Z-score.And combine electricity
Pool surface temperature rise rate, generation and the position of failure can be further determined that.According to different faults grade, user can make corresponding position
Reason.
In addition, the power battery pack of the present invention is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, pure electric automobile is applicable not only to, and
Apply also for the batteries of hybrid vehicle and non-electrical electrical automobile.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of power battery pack is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：Power battery pack is by n batteries monomer strings
Connection forms, and in easy corrosion or the virtual link position of occurring using voltage test method of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task, comprises the following steps：
The electric current that step (1) series battery flows through each battery cell in use is consistent, battery management system record
N batteries monomer voltage and battery cell the negative terminal surface temperature；
Step (2) is emulated based on MATLAB/simulink to the electrokinetic cell monomer, records output voltage；
Step (3) calculates the mean square error of the n batteries monomer voltage and simulation data voltage, if square mean error amount is all near
It is seemingly zero, then judges that no-voltage is abnormal, calculated into next sample time；If square mean error amount has obvious fluctuation, sentence
Surely there is electric voltage exception, and the Z-score of all battery cells of test point is calculated based on mean square error, be extremely as voltage detecting
Number；
Step (4) judges whether the electric voltage exception coefficient of i-th, i+1 battery cells is more than zero, if described i-th, i+1 battery lists
The electric voltage exception coefficient of body is more than zero, then judges described i-th and i+1 batteries junction failure；If i-th battery cell
Electric voltage exception coefficient is more than zero, then judges i-th internal resistance of cell increase failure；Output result is secondary failure；
Step (5) calculates the n batteries monomer surface temperature rise rate；
Step (6) judges to be more than predetermined threshold value with the presence or absence of temperature rise rate in described i-th, i+1 battery cells, if it is present
Determination step (4) accurate judgement failure and has positioned, and output result is level fault；If it does not exist, then into next sampling
Time calculates, and output result is still secondary failure.
2. power battery pack according to claim 1 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：The step
(1) in, the sample frequency for recording n batteries monomer voltage and battery cell the negative terminal surface temperature is 1Hz.
3. power battery pack according to claim 1 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：The step
(1) in, smoothing denoising is carried out to the battery cell voltage and temperature data of battery management system record.
4. power battery pack according to claim 1 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：The step
(2) in, simulation step length is fixed step size 1s.
5. power battery pack according to claim 1 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：The step
(3) in, the mean square error computational methods of battery cell voltage and simulation data voltage are：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>MSE</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mfrac>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
Wherein, MSEiFor i-th of battery cell mean square error, εiFor the residual of i-th of battery cell voltage and simulation data voltage
Difference, m are sample interval.
6. power battery pack according to claim 1 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：The step
(3) in, the voltage detecting exception coefficient calculation method based on Z-score is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>MSE</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>MSE</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<msqrt>
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<mi>n</mi>
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<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
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<mo>(</mo>
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</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
Wherein, AiFor i-th of battery cell exception coefficient, MSEiFor i-th of battery cell mean square error, MSEaveFor
The average of n batteries monomer mean square error, σ described in test pointMFor the standard of n batteries monomer mean square error described in test point
Difference.
7. power battery pack according to claim 1 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：The step
(6) in, predetermined threshold value is twice of battery cell maximum temperature rise speed under normal operation.
8. power battery pack according to claim 3 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：Smoothing denoising side
Method is Savitzky-Golay methods.
9. power battery pack according to claim 5 is connected in series method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that：M=180s.
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Cited By (14)
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| CN108693445A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-23 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Power transmission cable Fault Locating Method and device |
| CN110048177A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-23 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | The method and system that a kind of pair of echelon is supervised using the operating status of power battery |
| CN110221164A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-09-10 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Detect the system and method for copper bar connection in battery pack |
| CN110988728A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-10 | 安徽绿沃循环能源科技有限公司 | Method for quickly diagnosing abnormal internal connection of lithium battery pack |
| CN111948544A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-17 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for detecting connection fault of power battery pack |
| CN111948545A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-17 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | Graphical representation of voltage characteristics of power battery and voltage abnormal single body identification method |
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| CN113281658A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-20 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for judging over-temperature reason of battery in test process |
| CN113325336A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 北京车和家信息技术有限公司 | Battery connecting piece connection performance detection method, device, medium and system |
| CN113391214A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-14 | 湖北工业大学 | Battery micro-fault diagnosis method based on battery charging voltage ranking change |
| CN114035086A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-02-11 | 上海交通大学 | Battery pack multi-fault diagnosis method based on signal processing |
| CN114492529A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-13 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | Power battery system connection abnormity fault safety early warning method |
| CN115356649A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-18 | 武汉珩链云信息科技有限公司 | New energy battery fault diagnosis method and system and computer storage medium |
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