CN101923908B - Aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires, which has the advantages of high heat resistance, conductivity, tensile strength, extensibility and fatigue resistance, and a manufacturing method thereof. The alloy contains 0.3 to 0.8 weight percent of iron, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of copper, 0.001 to 0.04 weight percent of boron, 0.001 to 0.04 weight percent of zirconium, 0.001 to 0.04 weight percent of yttrium, and the balance of aluminium and inevitable impurities, wherein one or two elements, except the aluminium and the inevitable impurities, account for 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of: adding the iron, silicon, magnesium, copper, boron, zirconium, yttrium and aluminium into a smelting furnace; smelting, and casting and rolling; performing intermediate annealing treatment; drawing into aluminium alloy filaments with the diameter of 0.5mm; and stranding into wire cores, and performing annealing treatment. The conductor prepared by the method has the tensile strength of 210MPa and above, the elongation at break of over 10 percent, the conductivity of over 58 percent, and excellent heat resistance and flexibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to kind of aluminium alloy conductor and manufacture method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
At present because the copper resource is nervous, and the copper valency is surging, thereby the field that relates to copper all can be greatly affected, and wherein just comprises automotive field.Along with the performance of automobile and increasing substantially of function, the wire harness that automobile is used is also increasing, and nowadays the wire harness used of automobile uses is copper conductors all basically, and what have also that few part uses is the copper-clad aluminum or aluminum alloy, but in China seldom, external work sutdy in this respect comparatively gos deep into a little.
Copper is a kind of optimal selection as the automotive wire bundle conductor, along with the competition of automobile industry is more and more fierce, people are from automotive material foot time up and down, with reduce car this, as adopting copper clad aluminum conductor or aluminium alloy conductor can reduce vehicle weight, reducing material cost.
The application of Chinese patent CN 101017712A CCAM in automotive wire bundle, although adopt this alloy can reduce the weight of cost and automobile, because complicated process of preparation, that is that all right is ripe for technology, it is not fine that popularization on a large scale has certain difficulty, market prospects.
International application patent PCT/JP2007/071142 2007.10.30 wire conductor and manufacture method thereof, this conductor material has good tensile strength, elongation at break, impact resistance and fatigue durability, but conductance can only meet or exceed 40%IACS, replace copper conductor need to increase larger cross section, have influence on the layout of automobile.
Single angle from conductivity considers that the aluminium substitution copper conductor is optimal selection, for the part automotive wire bundle, in the situation that does not affect connection and automobile layout, can adopt aluminium alloy conductor to substitute.Automotive wire bundle requires to have extraordinary pliability, thereby require the wire diameter of monofilament thin as much as possible, but because the intensity of fine aluminium is low, elongation is low, be difficult to move to very thin, it is substantially very difficult particularly to draw filament diameter to move to below the 1.0mm, be very difficult if want to reach 0.5mm, and aluminium exist anti-fatigue performance and bending property poor as conductor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low cost, aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires and manufacture method thereof that the wire drawing diameter is thin.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires, the mass percent proportioning of described aluminium alloy conductor is:
Comprise the boron of magnesium, 0.1～0.3wt% copper and 0.001～0.04wt% of silicon, the 0.1～0.5wt% of iron, the 0.05～0.20wt% of 0.3～0.8wt%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.In the technique scheme, at least also comprise in two kinds of the zirconiums, yttrium a kind ofly, corresponding content is 0.1～2.0wt%.
A kind of manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires, step is:
At first purity is added in the shaft furnace greater than 99.7% commercial-purity aluminium, being warming up to 710～760 ℃ dissolves it fully, be warming up to again 740～800 ℃, the element that adds successively mentioned component, the employing electric mixing device stirs, after its complete melting, again at 720～780 ℃ of lower insulation 20min, add refining agent and carry out degasification, the slagging-off, be incubated 20min again after, carry out on-the-spot sample analysis, after composition meets the requirements, carry out cast bar under 580～670 ℃, roll bar under 450～500 ℃, the aluminium alloy rod that is rolled into is through 220～320 ℃, the self annealing of 2～4h, again aluminium alloy rod is drawn into the aluminium alloy monofilament, then with many bundle strands of aluminium alloy monofilament, finally by 280～320 ℃, the annealing in process of 8～16h obtains aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires.
In the technique scheme, iron, silicon, magnesium, copper, boron, zirconium, yttrium add with the form of ferro-aluminum intermediate alloy, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, magnalium intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium boron intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy respectively.The aluminium ingot purity that adds is greater than 99.7%, and the heavy metal total contents such as chromium, vanadium, manganese, titanium are less than 0.01%.Wherein the content of silicon looks whether existing the selection does not add or add less in the aluminium ingot.Described intermediate annealing through casting aluminium alloy is out processed in insulation cellar for storing things or stay-warm case and is carried out.Described aluminium alloy monofilament is after the bundle strand, and annealing in process is carried out at annealing furnace.
The present invention obtains following technique effect:
1. the present invention comprises the silicon of 0.05～0.20wt%, and the content of silicon is too low, does not have the enhancing effect, and too high meeting causes resistivity too large, affects electric conductivity, and the too high levels of silicon, can reduce by conductor elongation, and easily brittle failure affects wire-drawing effect.
2. the magnesium that adds in alloy of the present invention is easy to be combined with silicon, make and follow-up processing procedure in, the small Mg that diffusion-precipitation distributes in aluminum substrate easily
2Si and comprise the molecule of other element, can obviously improve the tensile strength of aluminium alloy wire, if the percentage composition of magnesium is lower than 0.1%, the effect of strengthening is also not obvious, on the other hand, the adding of magnesium elements can also be put forward heavy alloyed corrosion resistance, has corrosive occasion so that automotive line can be used in some; If the addition of magnesium elements is too high, too large on the electric conductivity impact, reduce conductance, the present invention is based on institute's gold conjugate, selected the addition of suitable magnesium elements.
3. the present invention is under above-mentioned intensifying method, also add simultaneously copper and iron, to play the tensile strength of further enhancing aluminum-alloy wire, especially under existing alloying component proportioning, the iron of adding, it strengthens mechanism mainly is solution strengthening, not only play the increase effect, for existing aluminium alloy, add simultaneously and can also play plasticization, the elongation that guarantees monofilament can reach 10%, to guarantee to pull out 0.5mm or thinner aluminium alloy monofilament.Its reason is, under existing composition proportion, for other element strengthens, the enhancing better effects if of a small amount of iron, its adding greatly reduces the addition of required silicon and other intensified element in the aluminium alloy, and its solution strengthening mechanism makes it possible to putting forward the comprehensive plasticity of raising that the high-intensity while can also be relative.Because iron affects less to the electric conductivity of aluminium, therefore can join at most the content of 0.8wt%, also can realize good strengthening effect.
4. in order to improve the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy, in aluminium alloy conductor of the present invention, add the boron of 0.001～0.04wt%, can play crystal grain thinning on the one hand, improve extension property and the electric conductivity of aluminium alloy wire; The particle that the boron that adds on the other hand and residual impurity element form can improve the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy, also can put forward heavy alloyed conductivity.
5. the present invention also adds one or both in zirconium, the yttrium in aluminium alloy, these two kinds of elements form high-temperature stable or metastable phase easily, therefore can greatly improve the heat resistance of alloy, yet the above-mentioned element of excessive adding (total content surpasses 2.0wt%) causes the decline of electric conductivity easily.
6. the aluminium ingot of adding 99.7% in smelting furnace makes temperature remain on 730～780 ℃, adds the intermediate alloy of above-mentioned element in molten aluminium, through stirring, refining, slagging-off, carries out the stokehold sample analysis after 40 minutes, casts the aluminium alloy cast bar in milling train.The aluminium alloy cast bar is imported milling train, the temperature that imports milling train is 450～500 ℃, deriving milling train, to become the finishing temperature of aluminium alloy rod be 260～360 ℃, directly enters in the stay-warm case that insulating lining is housed after the aluminium alloy rod closing quotation or process 2～4h 220～320 ℃ of intermediate annealings in the holding furnace.The aluminium alloy rod that is rolled into thus has preferably tensile strength and elongation, can cold drawnly pull into 0.5mm or thinner alloy filaments.The self annealing process is so that the mechanical property of aluminium alloy is more even, magnesium, silicon and other element alloyed disperse educt, also so that be unfavorable for the silicon, magnesium, zirconium, yttrium of conductivity and separate out except the small particle that unexpected other elements of aluminium element form disperses, thereby raising toughness, the drawing process that more is conducive to next step, and improve simultaneously conductivity.
7. the present invention becomes conductor thread core with many alloy filaments after the bundle strand, conductor thread core after the bundle of the present invention strand in annealing furnace under 280～320 ℃ through the annealing in process of 8～16h, select this temperature range and annealing time, effectively eliminated the stress that produces in the bundle strand process, and further promotion is unfavorable for separating out of conductivity element, thereby further improved conductance, also improved simultaneously the pliability of wire harness.
8. the present invention has selected suitable alloy composition, selected simultaneously suitable preparation method, so that this aluminium alloy conductor has higher hot strength and elongation, can be drawn into 0.5mm or thinner filament diameter, and the aluminium alloy conductor of thus preparation have preferably conductivity, pliability, antifatigue and thermal endurance.The present invention preparation is comprised of and automotive wire bundle that production technology is made above-mentioned alloy percentage composition, and conductor tensile strength can meet or exceed 210MPa, and elongation at break surpasses 10%, and conductance surpasses 58%, and possesses excellent heat resistance and anti-fatigue performance.In addition, the present invention does not need complicated technique, so cost is lower.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires, the mass percent proportioning of described aluminium alloy conductor is:
The iron that comprises 0.3～0.8wt%, ferro element can be chosen as 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, the silicon of 0.7%, 0.05～0.20wt%, element silicon can be chosen as 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.18%, the magnesium of 0.1～0.5wt% for example can be chosen as 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.1～0.3wt% copper for example can select to enclose 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, and the boron of 0.001～0.04wt%, for example can be chosen as 0.01%, 0.03%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.At least also comprise in two kinds of the zirconiums, yttrium a kind ofly, corresponding content is 0.1～2.0wt%, for example can be chosen for 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.1%, 1.3%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 1.9%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires, step is:
At first purity is added in the shaft furnace greater than 99.7% commercial-purity aluminium, being warming up to 710～760 ℃ dissolves it fully, be warming up to again 740～800 ℃, the element that adds successively mentioned component, the employing electric mixing device stirs, after its complete melting, again at 720～780 ℃ of lower insulation 20min, add refining agent and carry out degasification, the slagging-off, be incubated 20min again after, carry out on-the-spot sample analysis, after composition meets the requirements, carry out cast bar under 580～670 ℃, roll bar under 450～500 ℃, the aluminium alloy rod that is rolled into is through 220～320 ℃, the insulation of 2～4h is processed, again aluminium alloy rod is drawn into the aluminium alloy monofilament, then with many bundle strands of aluminium alloy monofilament, finally by 280～320 ℃, the annealing in process of 8～16h, for example temperature and time can be chosen for: 310 ℃ and 9 hours, 300 ℃ and 10 hours, 290 ℃ and 15 hours, 280 ℃ and 16 hours, obtain aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires.
In the technique scheme, iron, silicon, magnesium, copper, boron, zirconium, yttrium add with the form of ferro-aluminum intermediate alloy, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, magnalium intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium boron intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy respectively.The aluminium ingot purity that adds is greater than 99.7%, and the heavy metal total contents such as chromium, vanadium, manganese, titanium are less than 0.01%.Wherein the content of silicon looks whether existing the selection does not add or add less in the aluminium ingot, if enough silicone contents have been arranged in the aluminium ingot, then need not additionally add silicon, if have a small amount of silicon in the aluminium ingot, not enough part can add, can reduce to add time of silicon melting by such technical measures, utilize the original element silicon in the aluminium ingot, thereby reduced process costs and material cost.Described intermediate annealing through casting aluminium alloy is out processed in insulation cellar for storing things or stay-warm case and is carried out, and with respect to special heat-treatment furnace, the method can further reduce materials handling cost, so that heat treated better effects if.Described aluminium alloy monofilament is after the bundle strand, and annealing in process is carried out at annealing furnace, so that material can obtain better mechanical property.
Embodiment 3
Select the aluminium ingot of trade mark Al99.70%, add ferro-aluminum intermediate alloy, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, magnalium intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium boron intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, the content of each element is as shown in table 1 in its alloy.
Become rod of metal alloy through melting, casting, through intermediate annealing, aluminium alloy rod is drawn into the aluminium alloy monofilament of 0.3mm behind the bar processed, and through annealing in process, its technological temperature and time and properties are as shown in table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
Evaluation test and method of testing thereof
Conductance
Utilize bridge measurement conductor conductance, the conductor conductance meet or exceed 58%IASC be considered as qualified.
Tensile property
Utilize tensile testing machine that tensile strength and the elongation at break of conductor are tested, tensile strength meets or exceeds 210Mpa, and elongation at break meets or exceeds 10%, and it is qualified then to be considered as.
Fatigue resistance
The fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy wire that passes through extruded insulation is measured in utilization at the back-flexing fatigue tester that does not apply tensile load.10
-2Strain amplitude Δ ε under surpass 900 times fatigability be considered as qualified
Thermal endurance
Under 150 ℃, under the effect of stress of 10Mpa, the creep rate (* 10 of wire material
-3It is qualified that %/100h) is considered as less than 2.
Embodiment 1～8 composition and annealing process all meet requirement in the patent, thereby the conductance of conductor thread core, tensile strength, elongation at break, anti-fatigue performance and thermal endurance all meet the demands.Alloying component in the Comparative Examples 1,2 is lower than and is higher than the content that requires in the patent, thereby partial properties can't reach requirement; Zr, Y do not add in the Comparative Examples 3, thereby thermal endurance can't meet the demands; The content of Fe is lower than requirement in the Comparative Examples 4, and Si, Mg, Cu, B all are lower than standard-required in the Comparative Examples 5, thereby tensile strength and fatigue performance are relatively poor; The annealing process temperature is higher or lower than requirement in the Comparative Examples 6,7, thereby partial properties can't expire requirement.
Because the not detailed all situations of present embodiment; for a person skilled in the art; under the enlightenment of the present invention's design; you can be from disclosed content associated some distortion that go out of this patent; or commonly use substituting of known technology in the prior art, as long as this patent is done substantive should and then the realization all belonging within protection scope of the present invention of identical function and effect.
Claims (7)
1. the manufacture method of an aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires is characterized in that step is:
At first add alloying element in purity in greater than 99.7% commercial-purity aluminium, through melting, after casting becomes rod of metal alloy, obtain the aluminium alloy of following proportioning: the iron that comprises 0.3～0.8wt%, 0.05 the silicon of～0.20wt%, 0.1 the magnesium of～0.5wt%, 0.1 the boron of～0.3wt% copper and 0.001～0.04wt%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity, again through 220～320 ℃, the intermediate annealing of 2～4h is processed, again aluminium alloy rod is drawn into the aluminium alloy monofilament, then with many bundle strands of aluminium alloy monofilament, finally by 280～320 ℃, the annealing in process of 8～16h obtains aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires.
2. the manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at least also comprises in two kinds of the zirconiums, yttrium a kind ofly in the described aluminium alloy, and corresponding content is 0.1～2.0wt%.
3. the manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires according to claim 2 is characterized in that iron, silicon, magnesium, copper, boron, zirconium, yttrium add with the form of ferro-aluminum intermediate alloy, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, magnalium intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium boron intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy respectively.
4. the manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires according to claim 1, the aluminium ingot purity that it is characterized in that adding is greater than 99.7%, and chromium, vanadium, manganese, titanium heavy metal total content are less than 0.01%.
5. the manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the content of silicon looks whether existing the selection does not add or add less in the aluminium ingot.
6. the manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described intermediate annealing through casting aluminium alloy is out processed in insulation cellar for storing things or stay-warm case carries out.
7. the manufacture method of aluminium alloy conductor for automotive wires according to claim 1 is characterized in that described aluminium alloy monofilament after the bundle strand, and annealing in process is carried out at annealing furnace.
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| CN103531264A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 四川明星电缆股份有限公司 | Non-rare earth aluminum alloy stranded conductor and annealing process thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20190729 Address after: 245399 Huishan Road, Huayang Town Eco-industrial Park, Jixi County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Zhongqing Xinyi Aluminum Alloy Cable Co., Ltd. Address before: 100095 Second Floor 201 (B-127) of Building 14, No. 7 Courtyard, Dijin Road, Haidian District, Beijing Patentee before: Huiheng Xinyi New Materials Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. |
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