CN101921049A - Method and device for producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion for urban sludge and organic matter - Google Patents
Method and device for producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion for urban sludge and organic matter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of reclamation of solid wastes, in particular relating to a method and a device for producing methane by using a dry anaerobic digestion for urban sludge and an organic matter. The device comprises a reaction chamber and a double-layer helix ribbon type agitator and is provided with a feed inlet and outlet, a sample port, a temperature-setting controller, a methane metering device, a stirring control device and others devices. The method comprises the following steps: dewatering sludge is placed into a fermentation tank for inoculation and seal, the revolving speed at start-up stage is 5-15r/min and daily stirring time is 12h, the revolving speed at acid-producing stage is 10-20r/min, intermittent operation is carried out; the daily stirring time is more than or equal to 8h and less than or equal to 16, and starting and stopping frequency for the motor is required to be increased; temperature control is performed at acid-producing stage and methane-producing stage and material temperature is controlled to be 35+/-1 DEG C; and after finishing the fermentation, one fourth to one third of biogas residues are left for being used as inoculum for the next batch of fermented materials and the rest of residues are discharged. The invention can be applied to reclamation treatment of the urban sludge and can obviously save equipment investment and land occupation compared with the wet fermentation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to useless admittedly resource utilization field, be specifically related to the method and the device of a kind of municipal sludge and organic matter (as fowl and animal excrement, diet and kitchen wastes etc.) producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion.
Background technology
The municipal sewage plant is huge because of the dewatered sludge amount that purifying domestic sewage produces, but annual at present collecting amount is about 2,600 ten thousand tons, sewage work to the processing of mud with dispose the methods of carrying out landfill after the thickenings that adopt more, not only take limited land resources, and easily cause secondary pollution.In addition, the city produces great number of organic matters rubbish every day, as fowl and animal excrement, diet and kitchen wastes etc.The resource utilization of these waste landfills is lower, does not meet China's principle of sustainable development.In recent years, it is main transformation to the various energy resources and the direction of depositing that the global energy structure is just experiencing with the fossil energy, problem such as grain security and environmental degradation also becomes increasingly conspicuous, and the employing anaerobic fermentation technology reclaims the non-grain biomass energy in the mud---and biogas obtains paying attention to gradually.
According to the solids content (TS) of material in the reactor, anaerobic fermentation technology can be divided into wet type fermentation (TS≤12%) and dry type fermentation (TS 〉=20 %) two kinds.The wet type fermentation technique produces aspects such as natural pond, fowl and animal excrement anaerobic fermentation natural pond and organic waste anaerobic methane production in municipal sludge (TS is about 2%) digestion and has been applied, and the technology of each side is comparative maturity.Compare with wet-fermentation technology, the dry method zymotechnique has following advantage: (1) load is big, volume production capacity height, and equipment volume reduces greatly; (2) water requirement is low or do not need water, conserve water resource; (3) generation natural pond liquid is few, and the waste residue water content is low, and the subsequent disposal expense is low; (4) operational process is stable, problems such as the scum silica frost in the no wet processing, precipitation; (5) foul smell discharging is few etc.
At present, aspect the dry method fermentation, European various countries have carried out at the lower domestic refuse of water ratio and have carried out the development of anaerobic fermentation technology and equipment.China carries out less in the research work aspect the dry method fermentation technique, also lack systematicness.Relevant dry method fermentation unit is primarily aimed at agricultural stalk (CN1718719A, CN101570466A), organic waste (CN101381674A), and rubbish and mud mixture material (CN101172746A), about carry out the device of dry method fermentation with dewatered sludge, there is no report both at home and abroad.
Carrying out the dry method fermentation with non-sticky organic materials such as rubbish compares, the difficult point of fermenting based on the dry method of mud is: (1) response matrix viscosity is big, TS concentration height, material is plasticity, first valve state, cause reaction intermediate and energy in medium, to transmit, spread difficulty, easily form feedback inhibition; (2) the fermentation materials water ratio low, be non-particulate shape and exist, fermenting process produces biogas and is difficult for overflowing.Above-mentioned difficult point has determined the difficult point of dewatered sludge dry method anaerobically fermenting to be to have the fermentation unit exploitation of the efficient function that stirs of high sticking no flowable materials.About the existing apparatus of dry method fermentation, owing to, can not realize that all efficient stirring of dewatered sludge and microcosmic mix, and are unsuitable for mud dry method fermenting process not at the material feature of dewatered sludge.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at being difficult for difficulties such as enrichment and gas are difficult for overflowing because viscosity is big, do not have mass transfer difficulty, methanobacteria that characteristics such as flowability, tight rate cause in the municipal sludge dry method fermenting process, overcome other dry method fermentation equipment and can not realize the efficient microcosmic blended of mud shortcoming, the method and the device of a kind of municipal sludge and organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion is provided.
The municipal sludge that the present invention proposes and the method for organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) material inoculation
Dewatered sludge is put into reactor, make volume of material be higher than rotor upper limb 5 ~ 10cm, anaerobic grain sludge is got in first fermentation, and it is carried out solid-liquid separation, after leaving standstill abandoning supernatant or filtration, the anaerobic sludge particle joined in the dewatered sludge inoculate, inoculate, material water ratio is remained in 76% ~ 83% scope otherwise can add other batches fermentation natural pond slag, adhesive power is 40 ~ 50g, and presses the organic wastes such as 5% ~ 30% adding of dewatered sludge quality; The add-on of anaerobic grain sludge is 1/5 ~ 1/4 of a volume of material;
(2) unloading phase
Sealed feed inlet is opened agitator motor, and regulating the agitator motor rotating speed is 5 ~ 15r/min, the unloading phase be 1 ~ 3 day, cultivate the domestication anaerobic species, stir heat production temperature of charge be increased to more than 30 ℃;
(3) acidogenic fermentation
The agitator motor intermittent operation is set, and regulating the agitator motor rotating speed is 10 ~ 20r/min, and making agitator motor churning time every day is 8-16 hour; Open temperature control unit, keeping temperature of charge is 35 ± 1 ℃, monitors material water ratio, pH value and adhesive power on time; Producing acid phase is 7 ~ 10 days, makes material water ratio raise 1 ~ 3%, material adhesive power decline 10 ~ 20g;
(4) produce methane fermentation
The agitator motor intermittent operation is set, and regulating the agitator motor rotating speed is 20 ~ 40r/min, and making every agitator motor churning time every day is 8-16 hour, and increases agitator motor start-stop frequency, is beneficial to intermediate product diffusion and aerogenesis and overflows; Continue the operation temperature control unit, keeping the interior temperature of charge of reactor is 35 ± 1 ℃; At the product methane phase material is carried out the pH value and regulate, making material pH value is 6.6 ~ 7.5; Producing methane phase kept 10 days ~ 15 days;
(5) discharging
To produce 1/4 ~ 1/3 inoculation material as the next batch fermented sludge of the natural pond slag volume after methane fermentation finishes, residue natural pond slag carries out discharging by discharge port.
Among the present invention, described organic matter is fowl and animal excrement or changing food waste.
The municipal sludge that the present invention proposes and the device of organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion, by bearing and bearing spider 1, Seal Kit 2, external spiral endless belt 4, fermentation tank body 6, rotating shaft 8, shaft coupling 9, variator 10, motor 11, support 12, internal screw endless belt 15, temperature sensor 16, hot water interlayer 17, spinner-type flowmeter 18, wet gas meter 19, temperature regulator 20 and connect heat pump 23 and form, fermentation tank body 6 is lying on the support 12, bearing and bearing spider 1 are fixed on the support 12, fermentation tank body 6 is passed in rotating shaft 8, rotating shaft 8 one end connection bearings and bearing spider 1, the other end connects shaft coupling 9, shaft coupling 9 connects variator 10, and variator 10 connects motor 11; Fermentation tank body 6 tops are respectively equipped with gas sampling mouth 3, charging opening 5 and hot water outlet 22, and the bottom is provided with discharge port 13, mud thief hole 14 and hot water inlet 21; External spiral endless belt 4 and internal screw endless belt 15 are around in respectively outside the rotating shaft 8, temperature sensor 16 inserts in the fermentation tank body 6, temperature sensor 16 connects temperature regulator 20, temperature regulator 20 connects wet gas meter 19, wet gas meter 19 connects spinner-type flowmeter 18, and spinner-type flowmeter 18 connects gas sampling mouth 3; Hot water interlayer 17 is placed in outside the temperature sensor 16, and rotating shaft 8 is provided with Seal Kit 2 with fermentation tank body 6 junctions.
Among the present invention, Seal Kit 2 is provided with lock packing 7.
Among the present invention, motor 11 is controlled by the time relay.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. adopt double-deck helical-ribbon type alr mode, be fit to high viscosity, no flowable materials are efficiently stirred, can realize that material mixes axially carrying out abundant convection current, and then realization microorganism, intermediate product, mix with the microcosmic of fermentation materials;
2. the mode of employing adjusting rotating speed stirs control to the material in different fermentations stage, can carry out the adjusting of mixture strength according to the fermenting characteristic of different steps, intermittently stir to realize utilizing and stir heat production holding temperature fluctuation range, save the temperature control energy consumption, and help the enrichment of methanogen;
3. promote each fermentation stage to transform by natural pond slag inoculation carrying out sequence batch (anaerobically fermenting, and by the control stirring, the whole process that can realize dewatering is not added external source auxiliary material dry method fermentation gas, is convenient to operational administrative.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a device synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a device schematic top plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a device a-a sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.
Reference numeral: 1 is bearing and bearing spider, and 2 is Seal Kit, and 3 are the gas sampling mouth, 4 is the external spiral endless belt, and 5 is charging opening, and 6 are the fermentation tank body, 7 are lock packing, and 8 are rotating shaft, and 9 is shaft coupling, 10 is variator, 11 is motor, and 12 is support, and 13 is discharge port, 14 is the mud thief hole, 15 is the internal screw endless belt, and 16 is temperature sensor, and 17 is the hot water interlayer, 18 is spinner-type flowmeter, 19 is wet gas meter, and 20 is temperature regulator, and 21 is the hot water inlet, 22 is hot water outlet, and 23 is the heat pump interface.
Wherein, the motor operation scheme is controlled by the time relay; The centrifugally glass-wool of fermentation tank body 6 coated outside one bed thickness 0.06m carries out adiabatic heat-insulation; Axle envelope 2,7 can change the mechanical seal external member into; The wide 36mm of ribbon in the external spiral endless belt 4 wide 24mm can make material by inside and outside transfer rings bucket operational throughput unanimity, helps thorough mixing.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
As Figure 1-3, this device is made up of fermentation tank body, stirring system, temperature control heat-insulation system and Controlling System; Fermentation tank body 6 is lying on the support 12, and bearing and bearing spider 1 are fixed on the support 12, and fermentation tank body 6 is passed in rotating shaft 8, rotating shaft 8 one end connection bearings and bearing spider 1, the other end connects shaft coupling 9, and shaft coupling 9 connects variator 10, and variator 10 connects motor 11; Establish charging opening 5, discharge port 13, mud thief hole 14 and gas thief hole 3 on the fermentation tank body 6, gas enters wet gas meter 19 behind spinner-type flowmeter 18; Establish stirring system in jar, form by rotating shaft 8, external spiral endless belt 4 and internal screw endless belt 15, external spiral endless belt 4 and internal screw endless belt 15 are around in respectively outside the rotating shaft 8, and the axle envelope between rotating shaft 8 and the fermentation tank body 6 adopts packing seal, is made up of Seal Kit 2, lock packing 7; Fermentation tank body 6 skins are hot water interlayer 17, establish hot water inlet 21 and hot water outlet 22 on the hot water interlayer 17, and temperature controlling system connects temperature regulator 20 by inserting the intravital temperature sensor 16 of fermentor tank, connects heat pump by heat pump interface 23 and controls; Hot water interlayer 17 skins cover lagging material; Motor 11 is controlled by the time relay.
Get Sewage Plant A dewatered sludge 300L, put into fermentation tank body 6 by opening for feed 5, this moment, material was equal with external spiral endless belt 4 upper limbs; The anaerobic grain sludge of 100L being taken from the UASB reactor carries out preliminary solid-liquid separation, and the elimination supernatant liquor adds anaerobic grain sludge in the material; Mix that the back detects that material water ratio 81.3%, organic content are 62%, C/N ratio is 10.5, the material adhesive power is 43g; Sealed feed inlet 5 is provided with mixing speed 12r/min, opens motor 11 switches, carries out fermentation starting; Start after 2 days, recording temperature of charge by temperature regulator 20 is 35 ℃, and wet gas meter 19 shows that gas production rate is 18L; Open temperature regulating device, 35 ℃ of design temperatures, the adjusting mixing speed is 20r/min, and be provided with agitator motor 11 open 1 hour/stop 1 hour the running; This stage operation is after 8 days, and recording material water ratio by 14 samplings of mud thief hole is 82.8%, and adhesive power is 31g, and pH is 6.2, and wet test meter shows that gas production rate is 186L; The adjusting rotating speed is 30r/min, and be provided with agitator motor 11 open 0.5 hour/stop 0.5 hour the running, monitor material pH every day, all less than 7.5, need not regulate; This stage fermentation is out of service after 15 days, opens discharge port 13, and 1/3 natural pond slag is stayed in the fermentation tank body 6, and all the other natural pond slags draw off.
Embodiment 2:
Get Sewage Plant B dewatered sludge 300L, put into the fermentation tank body by opening for feed 5, mix with last consignment of time fermentation natural pond slag, this moment, height of materials was than the high about 5cm of external spiral endless belt 4 upper limbs; Mix that the back detects that material water ratio 80.8%, organic content are 56.2%, C/N ratio is 9.8, the material adhesive power is 45g; Sealed feed inlet 5 is provided with mixing speed 12r/min, opens motor switch, carries out fermentation starting; Start after 3 days, recording temperature of charge by temperature indicating device is 34 ℃, and wet test meter shows that gas production rate is 20L; Open temperature regulating device, 35 ℃ of design temperatures, the adjusting mixing speed is 20r/min, and be provided with agitator motor open 1 hour/stop 1 hour the running; This stage operation is after 8 days, and recording material water ratio by 14 samplings of mud thief hole is 82.1%, and adhesive power is 35g, and pH is 6.5, and wet test meter shows that gas production rate is 166L; The adjusting rotating speed is 30r/min, and be provided with agitator motor open 0.5 hour/stop 0.5 hour the running, monitor material pH every day, all less than 7.5, need not regulate; This stage fermentation is out of service after 13 days, opens discharge port 13, and 1/3 natural pond slag is stayed in the fermentor tank, and all the other natural pond slags draw off.
Claims (5)
1. the method for a municipal sludge and organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) material inoculation
Material dewatering mud is put into reactor, make volume of material be higher than rotor upper limb 5 ~ 10cm, anaerobic grain sludge is got in first fermentation, and it is carried out solid-liquid separation, after leaving standstill abandoning supernatant or filtration, the anaerobic sludge particle joined in the dewatered sludge inoculate, inoculate, material water ratio is remained in 76% ~ 83% scope otherwise can add other batches fermentation natural pond slag, adhesive power is 40 ~ 50g, and presses the organic waste of 5% ~ 30% adding of dewatered sludge quality; The add-on of anaerobic grain sludge is 1/5 ~ 1/4 of a volume of material;
(2) unloading phase
Sealed feed inlet is opened agitator motor, and regulating the agitator motor rotating speed is 5 ~ 15r/min, the unloading phase be 1 ~ 3 day, cultivate the domestication anaerobic species, stir heat production temperature of charge be increased to more than 30 ℃;
(3) acidogenic fermentation
The agitator motor intermittent operation is set, and regulating the agitator motor rotating speed is 10 ~ 20r/min, and making agitator motor churning time every day is 8-16 hour; Open temperature control unit, keeping temperature of charge is 35 ± 1 ℃, monitors material water ratio, pH value and adhesive power on time; Producing acid phase is 7 ~ 10 days, makes material water ratio raise 1 ~ 3%, material adhesive power decline 10 ~ 20g;
(4) produce methane fermentation
The agitator motor intermittent operation is set, and regulating the agitator motor rotating speed is 20 ~ 40r/min, and making every agitator motor churning time every day is 8-16 hour, and increases agitator motor start-stop frequency, is beneficial to intermediate product diffusion and aerogenesis and overflows; Continue the operation temperature control unit, keeping the interior temperature of charge of reactor is 35 ± 1 ℃; At the product methane phase material is carried out the pH value and regulate, making material pH value is 6.6 ~ 7.5; Producing methane phase kept 10 days ~ 15 days;
(5) discharging
To produce 1/4 ~ 1/3 inoculation material as the next batch fermented sludge of the natural pond slag volume after methane fermentation finishes, residue natural pond slag carries out discharging by discharge port.
2. the method for municipal sludge according to claim 1 and organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion is characterized in that described organic matter is fowl and animal excrement or changing food waste.
3. the device of a municipal sludge as claimed in claim 1 and organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion, by bearing and bearing spider (1), Seal Kit (2), external spiral endless belt (4), fermentation tank body (6), rotating shaft (8), shaft coupling (9), variator (10), motor (11), support (12), internal screw endless belt (15), temperature sensor (16), hot water interlayer (17), spinner-type flowmeter (18), wet gas meter (19), temperature regulator (20) and connect heat pump (23) and form, the tank body (6) that it is characterized in that fermenting is lying on the support (12), bearing and bearing spider (1) are fixed on the support (12), fermentation tank body (6) is passed in rotating shaft (8), rotating shaft (8) one end connection bearings and bearing spider (1), the other end connects shaft coupling (9), shaft coupling (9) connects variator (10), and variator (10) connects motor (11); Fermentation tank body (6) top is respectively equipped with gas sampling mouth (3), charging opening (5) and hot water outlet (22), and the bottom is provided with discharge port (13), mud thief hole (14) and hot water inlet (21); External spiral endless belt (4) and internal screw endless belt (15) are around in respectively outside the rotating shaft (8), temperature sensor (16) inserts in the fermentation tank body (6), temperature sensor (16) connects temperature regulator (20), temperature regulator (20) connects wet gas meter (19), wet gas meter (19) connects spinner-type flowmeter (18), and spinner-type flowmeter (18) connects gas sampling mouth (3); Hot water interlayer (17) is placed in outside the temperature sensor (16), and rotating shaft (8) is provided with Seal Kit (2) with fermentation tank body (6) junction.
4. the device of municipal sludge according to claim 3 and organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion is characterized in that Seal Kit (2) is provided with lock packing (7).
5. the method for municipal sludge according to claim 3 and organic producing methane by using dry anaerobic digestion is characterized in that motor (11) controls by the time relay.
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Cited By (19)
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| CN102643739A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-22 | 北京资盛隆环保科技有限公司 | Dry-method anaerobic fermentation device |
| CN102851209A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-01-02 | 沈阳农业大学 | Thermostatic stirring solid-state enzymolysis equipment and application method thereof |
| CN103056152A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-04-24 | 华南再生资源（中山）有限公司 | Biochemical fermentation method and device |
| CN104120151A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-29 | 南京工业大学 | Dry anaerobic fermentation technology for preparing biogas from blue algae, reed, and paddy rice straw |
| CN104263639A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-07 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Dry fermentation system and fermentation method thereof |
| CN104326636A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-02-04 | 同济大学 | Device and method capable of controlling redox reduction potential to promote sludge dry method anaerobic fermentation |
| CN104496137A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-08 | 广西力源宝科技有限公司 | Energy-saving and environment-friendly method for treating municipal sludge |
| CN104704105A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2015-06-10 | 弗朗索瓦-雷吉斯·马雷尔 | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
| CN105154475A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-16 | 北京国能中电能源有限责任公司 | Method and device for rapidly starting anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste to generate biogas |
| CN105384319A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-09 | 中和利华投资管理（北京）有限公司 | Dewatered sludge pulping machine |
| CN105417912A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Dewatered-sludge anaerobic dry fermentation device |
| CN105884161A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-08-24 | 北京国能中电节能环保技术股份有限公司 | Rapid starting method and device for biogas production through livestock excrement anaerobic fermentation |
| CN106244442A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2016-12-21 | 湖北加德科技股份有限公司 | The process of a kind of organic solid castoff dry-type anaerobic fermentation and device thereof |
| CN107118952A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-09-01 | 农业部沼气科学研究所 | High concentration multi-element material mixing anaerobic reaction test device |
| CN107720957A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-23 | 广州市普淳环保科技有限公司 | Constant-temperatureanaerobic anaerobic processing high concentrated organic wastewater and the reaction unit and processing method of solid waste in batch-type |
| CN110055172A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-26 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | A kind of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method |
| CN111218481A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-06-02 | 德州众和环保装备制造有限公司 | Method for combined fermentation of organic garbage and sludge |
| CN112342138A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of high-inherent-content solid waste |
| CN113957115A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-21 | 四川龙蟒福生科技有限责任公司 | Fermentation method for high yield of gibberellic acid |
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