CN110055172A - A kind of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method - Google Patents
A kind of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/38—Caps; Covers; Plugs; Pouring means
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
- C12M27/06—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with horizontal or inclined stirrer shaft or axis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
- C12M41/22—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes in contact with the bioreactor walls
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/26—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pH
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/34—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of gas
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/48—Automatic or computerized control
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12Q3/00—Condition responsive control processes
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation methods.Device includes the sealed fermenting tank of a horizontal type；Top of the tank sets feed inlet, and bottom sets out material mouth；Fermentor is configured with mechanical stirring system, water-bath circular heating system, temperature online monitoring system, pH online monitoring system, gas flow monitoring system and PLC control system.Method includes that the charging of siccative wet feed, inoculum, the addition of the source N are automatically controlled by PLC control system, runs the temperature and pH for automatically controlling anaerobic fermentation in anaerobic fermentation, automatically controls biogas slurry and be back to feed end, adjusts and control reaction mass solid content 15~20%；Timing automatic stirring turning over materials.The device can monitor different material proportion and produce natural pond feature and potentiality, in particular for the totally different problem of different zones agriculture waste species and ratio, combining dry method Anaerobic Treatment efficiency how to improve various agricultural waste, providing optimal operating parameter test device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture environmental protections and biomass energy source domain, and in particular to a kind of agricultural wastes dry method anaerobism
Fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method.
Background technique
The annual agricultural wastes yield in China is the maximum country of agricultural wastes yield hundred million tons about more than 40.Wherein, agriculture
Crop material year about 7.3 hundred million tons of yield, feces of livestock and poultry year yield be about 26.1 hundred million tons, small towns domestic organic garbage and human excrement
Just 2.5 hundred million tons, 1.5 hundred million tons of agricultural byproducts processing waste, the four classes waste accounting 93.5%.With China's agricultural production
It rapidly develops and population is continuously increased, such waste year speedup reaches 5-10%, it is contemplated that arriving the year two thousand twenty will be more than 5,000,000,000 tons, wherein
Stalk is up to hundred million tons of 9.5-11.0, and feces of livestock and poultry is up to 4,100,000,000 tons.
For the processing of such agricultural wastes, dry anaerobic fermentation technology because have land occupation less, pool capacity factor of created gase height, especially
It is the advantages that no biogas slurry generates, gets the attention in recent years.Dry anaerobic fermentation technology is as can mixed processing is all kinds of has
The universal means of machine waste can not only generate clean energy resource biogas, can also produce high-quality organic fertilizer or matrix, for compared with
For ideal processing mode.But since agricultural production has apparent seasonal characteristic, different zones agricultural wastes generate rule
It is totally different, type ratio is different, different month siccatives (fiber-like stalk), wet feed (waste dish byproduct, water plant, flowers
Branches and leaves, weeds etc.) proportion is different or even livestock and poultry cultivation amount is also more obvious by market fluctuation, lead to animal manure yield each month
It is not quite similar.So the time fluctuation of fermentation materials composition, which becomes, influences work in specific regions such as water source reservoir, outskirts of a town combinations
The key factor of journey stable operation.In addition, system is often because cannot achieve good fermentation materials because fermentation logistics solid content is high
The reasons such as mass transfer, acidification be serious and collapse, it is restarting complex procedures, expensive.It can be real therefore, it is necessary to design one kind
Existing good fermentation materials mass transfer, the agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit that can avoid severe acidification phenomenon and automatic control
Operation method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art and provide one kind can be realized good fermentation materials biography
Matter, the agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit that can avoid severe acidification phenomenon, and the agriculture carried out using the device
Industry waste dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method.
Design of the invention: the present invention is based on dry anaerobic fermentation technology characteristics, it is intended to be constructed by fermentation system and main
Ferment working condition monitoring, control, realize different material proportion anaerobic fermentation system stable operation and early warning processing.Cause
This, present invention combination dry anaerobic fermentation technique carries out fermentation tank and operating system excellent on the basis of forefathers' research
Change, increase monitoring, the control of fermentation operating condition index, realizes that reply different fermentations material produces natural pond.In addition, the device can pass through simulation
Influence of the different operating parameters to fermentation efficiency can be by automatic especially in the case where coping with different fermentations material proportion
Control system, forced fermentation state modulator explore the optimal operating condition in the case of different material and proportion.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit of the present invention, it includes the sealed fermenting tank of a horizontal type
(tank body is in " capsule " shape)；Top of the tank is equipped with feed inlet, and feed inlet is equipped with the blind nut with sealing ring；Tank base is equipped with discharging
Mouthful, discharge port is controlled to a vacuum pump all the way, and another way successively connect with solid-liquid separating machine, reflux pump intake, flow back pump discharge and
Feed inlet connection；The fermentor configured with mechanical stirring system, water-bath circular heating system, temperature online monitoring system,
PH online monitoring system, gas flow monitor system, and full-automatic PLC lower computer control system (abbreviation PLC control system)；
Mechanical stirring system includes a symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle, which is horizontally set at fermentation tank
Interior, agitating shaft is penetrated from fermentor Left-side center hole, is exposed on one outside fermentor section of agitating shaft and is equipped with driving electricity
Machine, the driving motor are connect with PLC control system；
Water-bath circular heating system includes heating collet, temperature control water tank；Tank outside ferment equipped with heating collet；Tank body
Top is equipped with heating collet water inlet；Tank base is equipped with heating collet water outlet；Temperature control water tank is equipped with outside fermentor；Heating
Collet water inlet, heating collet water outlet are connect with the water outlet of temperature control water tank, water inlet respectively；
Temperature online monitoring system includes temp probe, cold-hot water control valve；Tank side ferment equipped with temp probe
Interface, the temp probe interface and temp probe (temperature sensor) are tightly connected；Temp probe (temperature sensor) and PLC are controlled
The input port of system processed connects；Hot water control valve, the heat are equipped between the water outlet and heating collet water inlet of temperature control water tank
Water control valve and the output port of PLC control system connect；Heating collet water inlet is additionally provided with the cold water connecting with normal temperature water pipe
Control valve, the cold water control valve are also connect with the output port of PLC control system；It can control fermentor by PLC control system
A certain setting value of the temperature of interior material within the scope of 20-60 DEG C, when the temperature of material in fermentor is lower than setting value, hot water
Control valve is opened, and the hot water in temperature control water tank flows into heating collet, fermentor heating；It is set when the temperature of material in fermentor is higher than
When definite value, hot water control valve is closed, and the hot water in temperature control water tank stops flow into heating collet, and cold water control valve is opened, fermentor
Cooling.
PH online monitoring system includes pH probe, soda acid bottle；Fermentor tank base is equipped with pH probe interface, and pH probe is inserted
Enter wherein；PH probe is connect with the input port of PLC control system；Soda acid access port, soda acid are equipped in fermentor top of the tank
Access port passes through acid liquor delivery pipe respectively, lye delivery pipe is connect with demijohn, alkali bottle；In acid liquor delivery pipe, lye delivery pipe
It is equipped with peristaltic pump and control valve, the peristaltic pump and control valve are connect with the output port of PLC control system；Pass through PLC
Control system can control the pH value of material in fermentor；When PLC control system monitors the pH of material in fermentor lower than setting
When value, then the peristaltic pump and control valve controlled in lye delivery pipe is opened, and fermentor is added in diluted alkaline；When PLC control system is supervised
When measuring the pH of material in fermentor higher than setting value, then the peristaltic pump and control valve controlled in acid liquor delivery pipe is opened, will be dilute
Fermentor is added in acid；
It includes spinner flowmeter, flow transmitter that gas flow, which monitors system,；Methane outlet, biogas are equipped at the top of fermentor
Outlet is connect by collecting methane pipe with spinner flowmeter；Spinner flowmeter is connect by flow transmitter with PLC control system；
Measurable by PLC control system, monitoring fermentor discharge methane quantity (can set how long measure monitor primary emission goes out
Biogas flow), grasp produce gas variation tendency, and accordingly prejudge fermentation system operating status.
Further, it is respectively equipped with siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin above the feed inlet at the top of fermentor and connects
Kind material bin；Siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculum bin bottom are equipped with weight sensor (weight sensing
Device is the electronic scale with transmitter), the weight sensor is connect with the input port of PLC control system；It is siccative feed bin, wet
It is equipped with the door that can open or close at the top of material feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin, the door is and PLC control system
Output port connection, door can be controlled by PLC control system and opened or closed；It is controllable by PLC control system as a result,
Siccative (fiber-like stalk) processed, wet feed (waste dish byproduct, water plant, flowers branches and leaves, weeds etc.) with when respective plus
Enter the additional amount of amount, the additive amount in the source N, inoculum.
Further, the fermentor is also configured with biogas slurry regurgitant volume monitoring system；Biogas slurry regurgitant volume monitoring system packet
Include slurries solid content on-line detector, reflux control valve；Tank side ferment equipped with the input port with PLC control system
The slurries solid content on-line detector of connection；Reflux pump discharge after solid-liquid separating machine is equipped with reflux control valve, this time
Flow control valve and the output port of PLC control system connect；It can control the i.e. biogas slurry of solid-liquid separating by PLC control system
Thus regurgitant volume, that is, the additional amount of inoculum control reaction mass solid content in setting value (15~20%) to adjust.
A kind of agricultural wastes dry method carried out using above-mentioned agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit of the present invention
Anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method is: siccative, wet feed send to dry-type anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit, pass through after broken pretreatment
PLC control system automatically controls siccative, wet feed is fed by set amount, wherein wet feed presses the quality not higher than fermentation materials 40%
Than charging；When starting anaerobic fermentation: automatically controlling inoculum and be added by the inoculation of 20-25% than (fresh weight ratio), and automatically control N
Source according to its with siccative+wet feed dry weight than the ratio addition for 1:13-1:15, control the C/N of fermentation materials not higher than 50；Fortune
In row anaerobic fermentation process: automatically controlling the temperature and pH of anaerobic fermentation, and automatically control a certain proportion of solid-liquid separating i.e.
Biogas slurry is back to feed end, to adjust control reaction mass solid content 15~20%；Timing automatic stirring turning over materials；Fermentation
Residence time 25-30d；Regular replenishment adds the source N.
Wherein, the inoculum is fresh cow dung or cattle farm biogas slurry；The source N be pig manure, chicken manure, organic sludge,
One or more of inorganic fertilizer.It runs in anaerobic fermentation process, 1 source N is added at interval of 10-15 days supplements, according to every place
Manage the 1 ton of siccative+wet feed supplement addition source 25-75kg N (dry weight).
Agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method of the present invention, specifically includes:
(1) pretreated siccative, wet feed, the source N and inoculum are passed through into siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin respectively
Fermentor is added from feed inlet with inoculation material bin；Material in siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin
Weight is transferred to PLC control system by weight sensor, and PLC control system is according to the siccative of setting, wet feed, the source N and inoculation
The dosage of object, by the Weight control of material in siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin in setting value；When dry
When expecting feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and being inoculated with the weight arrival setting value of material in material bin, PLC control system control is dry
Expect that the door at the top of feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin is closed；
(2) PLC control system passes through water-bath circular heating system and temperature online monitoring system according to the fermentation temperature of setting
System control fermentation temperature is in setting value；The temperature of material in fermentor is controlled within the scope of 20-60 DEG C by PLC control system
A certain setting value (temperature of material is at 35 DEG C -40 DEG C preferably in control fermentor)；It is set when the temperature of material in fermentor is lower than
When definite value, hot water control valve is opened, and the hot water in temperature control water tank flows into heating collet, fermentor heating；When material in fermentor
Temperature when being higher than setting value, hot water control valve closes, and the hot water in temperature control water tank stops flow into heating collet, cold water control valve
It opens, fermentor cooling；
(3) PLC control system controls fermentation pH in setting value by pH online monitoring system according to the fermentation pH of setting
(pH of reaction mass is within the scope of 6.5-7.5 in control fermentor)；When PLC control system monitors the pH of material in fermentor
When lower than setting range, then the peristaltic pump and control valve controlled in lye delivery pipe is opened, and fermentor is added in diluted alkaline；Work as PLC
When control system monitors that the pH of material in fermentor is higher than setting range, then the peristaltic pump in acid liquor delivery pipe and control are controlled
Valve is opened, and fermentor is added in diluted acid；
(4) PLC control system control mechanical stirring timing is opened stirring rod and is stirred；Every 12-24h opens symmetrical
Anchor formula agitating paddle stirs turning over materials 30-60min, to reach the uniform purpose of mass transfer；
(5) natural pond that PLC control system is given off by spinner flowmeter, flow transmitter, on-line metering, monitoring fermentor
Throughput, including daily output tolerance, cumulative gas production.
(6) PLC control system is by control solid-liquid separating, that is, biogas slurry regurgitant volume, to adjust control reaction mass containing solid
Rate is in setting value 15~20%；When PLC control system detects reaction mass solid content by slurries solid content on-line detector
When lower than setting value, then the flow control valve for controlling reflux pump discharge is opened, and biogas slurry flows back into benefit of the feed inlet as inoculation liquid
Fill addition；When PLC control system detects that reaction mass solid content is higher than setting value by slurries solid content on-line detector,
The flow control valve for then controlling reflux pump discharge is closed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Agricultural wastes horizontal type dry-process anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit of the invention and autocontrol operation method are suitable for not of the same race
Stable operation parameter under the conditions of type fermentation material proportion, different solid content, different auxiliary material addition, different temperatures etc. explore and
Efficiency Comparison analysis.The present invention realizes the equal of fermentation materials by agricultural wastes dry-process anaerobic fermentation device optimization design
Even mass transfer, especially effectively prevent fibre stalk class agricultural wastes because density is small generate dross the case where, and pass through water
Bath circular heating system, pH and temperature online monitor and control system setting, realize reply different material stabilization, efficiently produce
CH4Purpose.
The present invention can provide a kind of dry method anaerobism of good, the achievable Automatic Control of stability for China's the vast rural areas
Installation for fermenting, suitable for the mixed processing of different type agricultural wastes, especially in special areas such as water conservation districts, not only
It can solve agricultural wastes processing Utilizing question, moreover it is possible to local organic fertilizer shortage and biomass energy substitution problem is effectively relieved,
Can expand stalk while promoting Straw Crushed for Reclaiming and handle the new way that utilizes, promote environmentally sensitive areas water, soil,
The promotion of the environmental qualities such as gas.In addition, being provided a kind of suitable for agriculture wastes such as dry method, wet process, semidry methods towards scientific research colleges and universities
Object anaerobic fermentation experimental rig, to explore the agricultural wastes anaerobic fermentation processing optimum condition conditional FP tree for being suitable for various combination
Provide necessary hardware facility.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the full-automatic agricultural wastes dry-process anaerobic fermentation device in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the fermentor in dry-process anaerobic fermentation device of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the difference source N addition processing group daily output tolerance versus time curve figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 4 is that processing group cumulative gas production versus time curve figure is added in the difference source N in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 5 is rice straw in the embodiment of the present invention 2: pig manure 15:1 (dry weight) processing group list daily gas situation and shared total yield gas
Ratio chart；
Fig. 6 is that processing group CH is added in the difference source N in the embodiment of the present invention 24Content versus time curve figure；
Fig. 7 is rice straw in the embodiment of the present invention 2: the processing group odd-numbered day gas production and CH of pig manure 15:1 (dry weight)4Content with
The change curve of time；
Fig. 8 is to add different vaccination object processing group daily output tolerance in the embodiment of the present invention 3 to change with time situation；
Fig. 9 is to add different vaccination object processing group gas producing efficiency in the embodiment of the present invention 3 to compare；
Figure 10 is to add different vaccination object processing group CH4 content in the embodiment of the present invention 3 to change with time situation；
Figure 11 is temperature variations in different fermentations Temperature Treatment group fermentor in the embodiment of the present invention 4；
Figure 12, which is that different fermentations Temperature Treatment group is accumulative in the embodiment of the present invention 4, produces gas situation；
Figure 13 is different fermentations Temperature Treatment group odd-numbered day gas production situation of change in the embodiment of the present invention 4；
Figure 14 is CH in different fermentations Temperature Treatment group biogas in the embodiment of the present invention 44Changes of contents situation；
Figure 15 is different solid content processing group odd-numbered day gas production in the embodiment of the present invention 5；
Figure 16 is different solid content processing group CH in the embodiment of the present invention 54Changes of contents situation；
Figure 17, which is that different solid content processing groups are accumulative in the embodiment of the present invention 5, produces gas situation；
Figure 18, which is that different solid content processing groups are accumulative in the embodiment of the present invention 5, produces gas situation of change；
Figure 19 is the situation of change of different ratios of raw materials processing group odd-numbered day gas production in the embodiment of the present invention 6；
Figure 20 is CH in different ratios of raw materials processing group biogas in the embodiment of the present invention 64The situation of change of content；
Figure 21-24, which is that different ratios of raw materials processing group is accumulative in the embodiment of the present invention 6, produces gas situation.
In Fig. 1: 1, flow back control valve；2, gas flow monitoring system (containing spinner flowmeter, flow transmitter)；3, it does
Expect feed bin；4, the source N feed bin；5, it is inoculated with material bin；6, wet feed feed bin；7, weight sensor；8, demijohn；9, alkali bottle；10, it controls
Valve；11, peristaltic pump；12, fermentor；13, temperature control water tank；14, hot water control valve；15, cold water control valve；16, vacuum pump；17,
Solid-liquid separating machine；18, slurries solid content on-line detector；19, reflux pump；
In Fig. 2: 20, methane outlet (connecing flowmeter)；21, feed inlet (band sealing ring blind nut)；22, soda acid access port；23,
Heat collet water inlet；24, visor window；25, collet is heated；26, ferment tank wall；27, temp probe interface；28, heating folder
Cover water outlet；29, discharge port；30, symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle；31, pH probe interface；32, installation for fermenting bracket；33, driving electricity
Machine.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit (full-automatic agriculture waste of the present invention
Object dry-process anaerobic fermentation device), it includes a fermentor 12；12 tank body of fermentor is stainless steel, horizontal type, is in " capsule "
Shape, it is closed at both ends；Fermentor 12 is located on installation for fermenting bracket 32, and tank body is equipped with visor window 24；Top of the tank is equipped with charging
Mouth 21 (feed inlet is equipped with the blind nuts with sealing ring), soda acid access port 22；Tank base is equipped with (29 1 tunnel of discharge port of discharge port 29
It is controlled to a vacuum pump, another way is successively connect with solid-liquid separating machine 17,19 entrance of reflux pump, the outlet of reflux pump 19 and feed inlet 21
Connection), pH probe interface 31；The fermentor 12 is configured with mechanical stirring system, water-bath circular heating system, pH on-line monitoring system
System, temperature online monitoring system, gas flow monitor system, and full-automatic PLC lower computer control system (abbreviation PLC control system
System).
Mechanical stirring system includes a symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle 30；Symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle 30 is horizontally set at fermentor 12
In tank body；Its agitating shaft is penetrated from fermentor Left-side center hole, is exposed on one outside fermentor section of agitating shaft and is equipped with drive
Dynamic motor 33, the driving motor 33 are connect with PLC control system.
Water-bath circular heating system includes heating collet 25, temperature control water tank 13；Outside 12 tank body of fermentor (i.e. outside fermentor
26 outside of wall) it is equipped with heating collet 25；Top of the tank is equipped with heating collet water inlet 23；Tank base is equipped with heating collet water outlet
Mouth 28；Temperature control water tank 13 is equipped with outside fermentor 12；Heat collet water inlet 23, heating collet water outlet 28 respectively with temperature control water
The water outlet of case 13, water inlet connection.Hot water temperature in temperature control water tank 13 is 80-90 DEG C；The overflow port of temperature control water tank 13 with
Normal temperature water pipe connection.
Temperature online monitoring system include temp probe, hot water control valve 14 (being connect with the water outlet of temperature control water tank 13),
Cold water control valve 15 (is connect) with normal temperature water pipe；12 tank body side of fermentor is equipped with temp probe interface 27, which connects
Mouth is tightly connected with temp probe (temperature sensor)；The input port of temp probe (temperature sensor) and PLC control system
Connection；Hot water control valve 14, the hot water control valve 14 are equipped between the water outlet and heating collet water inlet 23 of temperature control water tank 13
It is connect with the output port of PLC control system；Heating collet water inlet 23 is additionally provided with and normal temperature water pipe (logical tap water or circulation
Water) connection cold water control valve 15, which also connect with the output port of PLC control system.Due to a temperature
The temperature control effect for spending control valve is poor, therefore heat, cold two temperature control valves (14,15) is arranged, and a cold heat can fast implement
Temperature control target.
PH online monitoring system includes pH probe, soda acid bottle；Fermentor tank base is equipped with pH probe interface 31, pH probe
It is inserted；PH probe is connect with the input port of PLC control system；It is equipped with soda acid access port 22 in fermentor top of the tank,
Soda acid access port 22 is connect by acid liquor delivery pipe, lye delivery pipe with demijohn 8, alkali bottle 9 respectively；In acid liquor delivery pipe, lye
Be equipped with peristaltic pump 11 and control valve 10 in delivery pipe, the peristaltic pump 11 and control valve 10 with the output of PLC control system
Port connection；When PLC control system monitors the pH of material in fermentor lower than setting value, then control in lye delivery pipe
Peristaltic pump and control valve are opened, and fermentor is added in diluted alkaline；It is set when PLC control system monitors that the pH of material in fermentor is higher than
When definite value, then the peristaltic pump and control valve controlled in acid liquor delivery pipe is opened, and fermentor is added in diluted acid.
It includes spinner flowmeter, flow transmitter that gas flow, which monitors system 2,；12 top of fermentor is equipped with methane outlet
20, methane outlet is connect by collecting methane pipe with spinner flowmeter；Spinner flowmeter passes through flow transmitter and PLC control system
System connection；Can be measured by PLC control system, the biogas flow that give off of monitoring fermentor, (can set how long measure,
Monitor the biogas flow that primary emission goes out) production gas variation tendency is grasped, and the operating status of fermentation system is prejudged accordingly.
Siccative feed bin 3, wet feed feed bin 6, the source N feed bin 4 and inoculation material are respectively equipped with above feed inlet at the top of fermentor
Storehouse 5；Siccative feed bin 3, wet feed feed bin 6, the source N feed bin 4 and inoculation 5 bottom of material bin are equipped with weight sensor, and (weight passes
Sensor is an electronic scale for having transmitter), the weight sensor is connect with the input port of PLC control system；Siccative
Be equipped with the door that can open or close at the top of feed bin 3, wet feed feed bin 6, the source N feed bin 4 and inoculation material bin 5, the door with
The output port of PLC control system connects, and can control opening or closing for door by PLC control system；Pass through PLC as a result,
Control system can control siccative (fiber-like stalk), wet feed (waste dish byproduct, water plant, flowers branches and leaves, weeds etc.) to match
When respective additional amount, the additional amount of the additive amount in the source N, inoculum.
Fermentor 12 is also configured with biogas slurry regurgitant volume monitoring system；Biogas slurry regurgitant volume monitoring system includes that slurries solid content exists
Line detector 18, reflux control valve 1；12 tank body side of fermentor is equipped with the slurry connecting with the input port of PLC control system
Liquid solid content on-line detector 18；The outlet of reflux pump 19 after solid-liquid separating machine 17 is equipped with reflux control valve 1, the reflux
Control valve 1 is connect with the output port of PLC control system；It can control the i.e. biogas slurry of solid-liquid separating by PLC control system
Thus regurgitant volume, that is, the additional amount of inoculum control reaction mass solid content in setting value (15~20%) to adjust.
In the present invention, mechanical stirring system is frequency control, and driving motor revolving speed has interval within the scope of 0-91rpm
Stirring and forward and reverse agitating function, configure symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle 30, can be realized being sufficiently mixed for fermentation materials, reach uniform
The effect of mass-and heat-transfer can adapt to solid content up to 20% or more fermentation materials.Water-bath circular heating system and temperature online
Monitoring system is, it can be achieved that the temperature online to fermentation material monitors, and is regulated and controled according to setting condition；Cold and hot water management can be passed through
Valve (solenoid valve) cooling or heating automatically, control fermentation temperature control precision ± 0.2 DEG C at 20-60 DEG C (preferably 35-40 DEG C).
PH online monitoring system can realize the pH on-line monitoring to fermentation material, and be regulated and controled according to setting condition.Control acid can be passed through
Liquid delivery pipe or peristaltic pump and control valve opening in lye delivery pipe, are added acid solution or lye, control material in fermentor
PH is in 6.5-7.5.Gas flow monitors system and selects glass rotameter (0-5L/min), passes through flow transmitter and PLC
Control system connection, the biogas flow that measurable, monitoring fermentor gives off, can grasp and produce gas variation tendency, and prejudge accordingly
The operating status of fermentation system.Full-automatic PLC lower computer control system mainly to the temperature of fermentation system, pH, material additional amount,
The multi-parameters such as rotating speed of agitator, firedamp drainage amount, biogas slurry regurgitant volume are detected, are recorded, control setting etc..
A kind of agricultural wastes dry method carried out using above-mentioned agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit of the present invention
Anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method is: siccative, wet feed send to dry-type anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit, pass through after broken pretreatment
PLC control system automatically controls siccative, wet feed is fed by set amount, wherein wet feed presses the quality not higher than fermentation materials 40%
Than charging；When starting anaerobic fermentation: automatically controlling inoculum and be added by the inoculation of 20-25% than (fresh weight ratio), and automatically control N
Source according to its with siccative+wet feed dry weight than the ratio addition for 1:13-1:15, control the C/N of fermentation materials not higher than 50；Fortune
In row anaerobic fermentation process: automatically controlling the temperature and pH of anaerobic fermentation, and automatically control a certain proportion of solid-liquid separating i.e.
Biogas slurry is back to feed end, to adjust control reaction mass solid content 15~20%；Timing automatic stirring turning over materials；Fermentation
Residence time 25-30d；1 source N is added at interval of 10-15 days supplements, according to 1 ton of siccative of every processing+wet feed supplement addition 25-
The source 75kg N (dry weight).
Agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method of the present invention, specifically includes:
(1) pretreated siccative, wet feed, the source N and inoculum are passed through into siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin respectively
Fermentor is added from feed inlet with inoculation material bin；Material in siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin
Weight is transferred to PLC control system by weight sensor, and PLC control system is according to the siccative of setting, wet feed, the source N and inoculation
The dosage of object, by the Weight control of material in siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin in setting value；When dry
When expecting feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and being inoculated with the weight arrival setting value of material in material bin, PLC control system control is dry
Expect that the door at the top of feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin is closed.
(2) PLC control system passes through water-bath circular heating system and temperature online monitoring system according to the fermentation temperature of setting
System control fermentation temperature is at setting value (reaction mass temperature is at 35-40 DEG C in control fermentor)；When the temperature of material in fermentor
When degree is lower than setting value, hot water control valve is opened, and the hot water in temperature control water tank flows into heating collet, fermentor heating；Work as fermentation
When the temperature of material is higher than setting value in tank, hot water control valve is closed, and the hot water in temperature control water tank stops flow into heating collet, cold
Water control valve is opened, fermentor cooling.
(3) PLC control system controls fermentation materials PH by PH online monitoring system and is setting according to the fermentation PH of setting
Value (pH of reaction mass is in 6.5-7.5 in control fermentor)；When PLC control system monitors that the pH of material in fermentor is lower than
When setting value, then the peristaltic pump and control valve controlled in lye delivery pipe is opened, and fermentor is added in diluted alkaline；It is when PLC is controlled
When system monitors that the pH of material in fermentor is higher than setting value, then the peristaltic pump and control valve controlled in acid liquor delivery pipe is opened,
Fermentor is added in diluted acid.
(4) PLC control system control mechanical stirring timing is opened stirring rod and is stirred；It is every to open symmetrical anchor for 24 hours
Formula agitating paddle stirs turning over materials 30min, to reach the uniform purpose of mass transfer；
(5) natural pond that PLC control system is given off by spinner flowmeter, flow transmitter, on-line metering, monitoring fermentor
Throughput, including daily output tolerance, cumulative gas production.
(6) PLC control system is by control solid-liquid separating, that is, biogas slurry regurgitant volume, to adjust control reaction mass containing solid
Rate is in setting value 15-20%；When PLC control system detects that reaction mass solid content is low by slurries solid content on-line detector
When setting value, then the flow control valve for controlling reflux pump discharge is opened, and biogas slurry flows back into supplement of the feed inlet as inoculation liquid
It is added；When PLC control system detects that reaction mass solid content is higher than setting value by slurries solid content on-line detector, then
The flow control valve of control reflux pump discharge is closed.
The 2 difference source N additive amount processing group of embodiment
The test of this group is that main reaction raw materials utilize 1 institute of embodiment by using the different source N additive amounts with rice straw
It states agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method carries out the automatic control of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation
Operation test investigates influence of the different source the N additive amounts (i.e. different C/N) to stalk production potential.
One, experimental design and condition control
Region based on Rice Production, main fermentation material are rice straw (rice straw), it is contemplated that fresh pig dung contains abundant
Organic and inorganic N element and other be suitable for the nutrients such as S, P of microbial activities, and there is different types of anaerobe,
It is suitable as the source N additive.The test of this group selects pig manure to add as the source N with rice straw (rice straw) for main reaction raw materials
Object；Inoculum is the fresh biogas slurry in Shanghai Xi Di dairy industry Co., Ltd cattle farm, according to 5% addition of fermentation materials gross mass；The source N
Additive pig manure, respectively according to stalk: pig manure dry weight for the ratio of 4:1,5:1,8:1,15:1,23:1,46:1 than disposably adding
Enter.Experimental design is shown in Table 1.Test method is as follows:
(1) it pre-processes: being cut to 1-3cm after first crushing rice straw, weigh several pieces 300g, used in closed plastic bucket
It pulls out to drain to nothing after tap water immersion 7d and drip, and by measurement of water-content coefficient, by each group fermentation materials TS (total solids content)
It is adjusted to 20%, auxiliary material deficiency is adjusted with deionized water, and ambient temperature is adjusted to 35 DEG C, per stirring turning over materials 30min for 24 hours, with
Reach the uniform purpose of mass transfer.
(2) start anaerobic fermentation: above-mentioned pretreated material is added by PLC control system from siccative feed bin automatically
In the fermentor for entering agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit described in embodiment 1, according to 5% inoculation than (fresh weight
Than) be automatically added to inoculum cattle farm biogas slurry in fermentor from inoculation material bin by PLC control system, and respectively according to rice
Stalk: the source N additive pig manure is passed through PLC control system than the ratio for 4:1,5:1,8:1,15:1,23:1,46:1 by pig manure dry weight
From the source N, feed bin is disposably automatically added in fermentor.
(3) it runs anaerobic fermentation: reactant material temperature in fermentor is controlled by PLC control system and cold-hot water control valve
Degree is at 35 DEG C or so；Per symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle is automatically turned on for 24 hours, turning over materials 30min is stirred, to reach the uniform mesh of mass transfer
's；Residence time of material (i.e. anaerobic fermentation runing time) is 40 days.
In operation anaerobic fermentation, deslagging is handled through solid-liquid separating machine, is controlled by PLC control system a certain proportion of solid
Liquid separating liquid (i.e. biogas slurry) is back to feed end, to adjust control reaction mass solid content in 15-20%；Regular replenishment adds N
Source pig manure (supplements 1 source N at interval of 10-20d, by 1 ton of stalk supplement addition 50kg pig manure of processing)；Pass through PLC control system
The biogas flow that on-line metering, monitoring fermentor give off.
Add the influence experimental design to gas producing efficiency in 1 source N of table
Note: N-CK group is since no pig manure adds, according to 20% inoculative proportion (inoculation object amount/raw material total amount), addition
250ml biogas slurry inoculum, substitutes the deionized water of same volume；Deionized water total addition level includes that stalk immersion is absorbed
Amount of moisture.
Two, test results and analysis
The test result that the different source N additive amount processing group gas producing efficiencies, daily output tolerance, cumulative gas production change over time is shown in
Table 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5:
Influence situation of the 2 difference source the N additive amount of table to gas producing efficiency
Note: rice straw, pig manure, cow dung (dry matter in biogas slurry) it is theoretical produce gas parameter respectively according to 523.21 L/kg VS,
805.98 L/kg VS, 771.63 L/kg VS meter are that unit dry matter produces gas further according to material VS content each in table 1 conversion
Amount.
It can be seen that rice straw and pig manure individually ferment (N-CK, N-C7 group data) from table 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5,40d is produced
The 50% of the not up to respective theoretical production potential of gas total amount.In each group of rice straw pig manure mixed fermentation, C/N is higher than 50 processing
Group fermentation efficiency, gas production is lower, gas cumulative production (total gas production) with the reduction of C/N and raised trend is obvious, work as rice
Stalk: pig manure 4:1, when C/N is 30.4:1, dry matter gas production is up to 327.5 L/kg, is the 59.7% of theoretical gas production.
But when C/N is higher than 50:1, influence of the additive amount of pig manure to biogas output is unobvious, and total gas production is theoretical production potential
54-56%.
By 6 difference C/N of analysis chart with the dry anaerobic fermentation test result that rice straw is main fermentation raw material on being influenced:
It is the N-C7 group of fermentation materials by the N-CK group of fermentation materials and pure pig manure of pure rice straw, contains in material when due to test starting
There are a certain number of methanogens, methane content changes over time raising fast speed, reaches respectively at the 10th day and the 5th day
50% or more.Remaining processing group, due to fermentation initial stage be mainly acetogen in action, methanogen growth and breeding is slow
Slowly, in the case where high C/N, biogas quality and yield is not high, i.e., the methane content in initial stage biogas is generally relatively low, promotes speed
Degree is not quite similar, but to promote speed higher significantly lower than pig manure adding proportion for the low processing group methane content of pig manure adding proportion
The fermentation period of the higher N-C1 group of processing group, especially C/N and N-C2 group methane content up to 50% or more last respectively 21d and
17d, and N-C3, N-C4, N-C5 and N-C6 group methane content up to 50% or more time be respectively the 12nd day, the 12nd day, the 12nd
The not stopping pregnancy of the substances such as acetic acid and carbon dioxide that it and the 9th day and each low C/N processing group then are easy to utilize with methanogen
It is raw, CH in biogas4Content is in rapid increase trend, and more than 50% after 12d, is stablized after 21d or so in 62-69%.
Pass through rice straw in analysis chart 7: by pig manure is that the N-C3 group (C/N 50:1) of 15:1 (dry weight ratio) produces gas situation:
It is 81.5L that this group of 40d, which averagely produces tolerance daily, and 40d total gas production is 294 L/kg TS, reaches respective theoretical production potential
56.4%, per dry matter averagely produces tolerance daily up to 7.35 L/dkg TS, and the accumulative time for producing gas up to 80% total gas production is
At the 28th day (being shown in Table 2), time of the methane content up to 50% or more at the 12nd day, with C/N close to the processing group base of optimized scope
This indifference can satisfy demonstration project and produce 2500m daily3The design scale of biogas, and hair can be shortened to a certain extent
The ferment period improves fermentation efficiency.
Three, conclusion (of pressure testing)
In with straw-stalk type cultural waste dry method fermentation process, the adding proportion of the source N pig manure controls pig manure: rice straw dry weight
Than between 1:13-1:15 (C/N 50) be advisable.Fermentation material C/N is unable to satisfy in optimized scope being limited by sources of nitrogen
In the case of, comprehensively consider biogas output and quality, the highest C/N controlling value during can running C/N=50 as demonstration project,
When fermentation materials C/N is higher than 50, the source N supplement appropriate should be given.
3 different vaccination amount processing group of embodiment
The test of this group, for main reaction raw materials, by adding the inoculating microbes object of different proportion, utilizes 1 institute of embodiment with rice straw
It states agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method carries out the automatic control of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation
Operation test investigates influence of the different inoculums to stalk production potential, fermentation efficiency (gas producing efficiency).
One, experimental design and condition control
It produces in the engineering operation of natural pond, is generally required through measures such as biogas slurry reflux in anaerobic fermentation, it is certain in feed end addition
Amount is rich in the inoculum of different type anaerobe, to improve gas producing efficiency, increase methane content of bilogas, is especially fermenting
Startup stage needs to add certain proportion inoculating microbes object.For built scale livestock and poultry farm dry anaerobic fermentation engineering,
Fermentation material solid content is generally 11.5%-18.5%, solid content about 22.8%-26.4% after discharging biogas residue is separated by solid-liquid separation, according to
Nutrient transformation efficiency (TBP50-70%) under normal condition, biogas slurry yield account for about the 20-40% of fermentation raw material.For fiber
Matter straw-stalk type cultural waste, according to dry anaerobic fermentation principle, the degree that consideration rice straw hydrolysis acidification, biogas convert is not
Together, biogas slurry yield, i.e., maximum reflowable amount (all reflux) are about the 15-25% of fermentation raw material.For this purpose, this test group, right
N-C1 and N-C3 processing group is added according to maximum biogas slurry amount (being enlarged to 20%) in table 2, investigates different vaccination amount to gas producing efficiency
Influence, experimental design is shown in Table 3.Test method and the method in embodiment 2 are essentially identical, and only the inoculative proportion of inoculum is not
With (other conditions are certain).
Proportion is tested in influence of 3 inoculum of table to gas producing efficiency
Note: additive amount includes that stalk impregnates absorbed amount of moisture in each group deionized water.
Two, test results and analysis
1 daily gas quantitative change law
Different vaccination amount finds out the influence result for producing gas situation from Fig. 8: the processing group of 20% inoculum of addition produces gas
Peak value obviously shifts to an earlier date, and B-C1 ' and B-C3 ' processing group the 1st production gas peak occurred with the 3rd day on day 2 respectively, substantially not
It observes lag phase, is advanced by 2-3 days compared with B-CK ' processing group；B-C1 ' and B-C3 ' processing group daily output tolerance up to 710mL/d and
750mL/d is higher by 34.0-41.5% compared with B-CK ' processing group, and occurs again the 10th day, the 15th day and the 27th day later
Produce gas peak value.And N-C1 ' and N-C3 ' the processing group of 5% inoculum are added, first production gas peak then appears in the 14th day and the
15 days, it is later than processing group 10 days or more for relatively adding inoculum.
2 cumulative gas situations
Influence result of the different vaccination amount to gas producing efficiency is found out from Fig. 9: B-CK ', B-C1 ', N-C1 ', B-C3 ' and N-
The accumulative gas total amount that produces of C3 ' processing group 40d is respectively 9955mL, 11430mL, 11218mL, 12565mL and 12087mL.Addition
B-C3 ', B-C1 ' the processing group dry matter gas production of 20% inoculum are 226.5 L/kg, 214.8 L/kg, produce gas total amount and list
Position dry matter gas production is above the processing group 1.89%, 3.95% of 5% inoculum of addition, illustrates that the addition of inoculum can be one
Determine to improve practical biogas Production capacity in degree, but also reflects fermentation materials C/N controlling value simultaneously in 50:1 or more, it is practical
Producing methane quantity can reduce with the raising of C/N.But from cumulative gas production, the place B-C1 ' and B-C3 ' of 20% inoculum is added
Reason group reaches the 50% of total gas production on the 15th day in fermentation, and the processing group for relatively adding 5% inoculum is advanced by 2-3d, and adds up
The then basic indifference of fermentation time required for total gas production of the gas up to 80% is produced, illustrate through measures such as biogas slurry reflux, it can be
It keeps on the basis of stablizing gas production, shortens residence time of material 2-3d.
3 methane content of bilogas situations
The different vaccination amount processing group CH from Figure 104The content situation that changes with time is found out: 20% inoculum of addition
Methane content in B-C3 ' and B-C1 ' processing group initial stage biogas improves speed and dramatically speeds up, and reaches respectively at the 5th day and the 6th day
50% or more, 8 days and 15 days are advanced by respectively compared with N-C3 ' and N-C1 '；The B- for being added to 20% inoculum, being not added with pig manure
Methane content in CK ' fermentation initial stage biogas is also apparently higher than N-C3 ' and N-C1 ' processing group, illustrates identical in fermentation substrate
Under the conditions of, inoculum not only contributes to quickly improve methanogen floras density, can also play and adjust BOD5: the effect of N:P, in turn
Influence the methane content that fermentation process is especially fermented in initial stage biogas.As it can be seen that inoculum is to fermentation process especially rank in the early stage
It is more significant that section methane content of bilogas promotes speed influence.
4 material liquid pHs and organic component degradation situation
In the test of this group, the trend and preceding batch experiment result class of each group material liquid pH value " fall before, after gradually go up "
Seemingly, in fermentation reaction up to after 40d, each group material liquid pH is gradually stable between 6.5-6.9, shows faintly acid, may with rice straw
It is not exclusively related for main fermentation raw material anaerobic reaction.And each group cellulose degradation rate is 2.81-9.40%, hemicellulose degradation rate
For 1.37-6.92%, the test result generally lower than obtained using stainless steel fermentation tank, this is reduced with each group dry matter gas production
The case where it is consistent, illustrate material liquid pH, fermentation materials organic component degradation can directly affect rice straw dry anaerobic fermentation gas production.
Three, conclusion (of pressure testing):
Inoculum addition can improve fermentation just by influencing the promotion speed of fermentation initial stage methane content of bilogas
The gas producing efficiency of phase, and the biogas Production capacity of fermentation materials can be influenced to a certain extent.According to connecing for 20% (fresh weight ratio)
Kind ratio adds inoculum, and C/N is down to 40.9:1 from 50.0:1, and appearance in 10 days or so can be shifted to an earlier date by producing gas peak value, can be by CH4 content
Fermentation time up to 50% shifts to an earlier date 5 days, and the fermentation time up to 60% was advanced to the 9th day by original the 21st day, and can make to reach
Fermentation time reduction 2-3 days used in 50% total gas production, to promote fermentation efficiency in terms of raw material conversion rate.Practical work
In Cheng Yunhang, it can shorten fermentation material while ensuring the supply of corresponding biogas output by controlling the reflux ratio of biogas slurry and stop
The time is stayed, agricultural wastes processing speed is accelerated.
4 different fermentations humid test group of embodiment
The test of this group is that main reaction raw materials utilize agricultural described in embodiment 1 by using different fermentation temperatures with rice straw
Waste dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method carry out the examination of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation
It tests, investigates influence test of the different ambient temperatures to gas producing efficiency.
One, experimental design and condition control
Ambient temperature is one of the major influence factors for influencing anaerobic fermentation and producing natural pond efficiency, and winter ambient temperature is lower than fermentation
The normal temperature (20-60 DEG C) for producing natural pond causes many biogas projects that can not reach in winter since constant-temperature temperature-control situation is irregular
To normal operating condition.To understand different ambient temperature variations to fibre stalk class agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation system
The influence of gas producing efficiency, this group of controlling test collet water temperature are respectively 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C and 40 DEG C, are investigated under different temperatures
The production gas situation of fermentor, experimental design are shown in Table 4.Test method and the method in embodiment 2 are essentially identical, only fermentation temperature
Different (other conditions are certain)；The test of this group, the adding proportion C/N of the source N pig manure are 50:1, are still using low ratio inoculum concentration
5% inoculative proportion, the biogas slurry for inoculation use the processing group biogas slurry that ferment effect is good in former batch experiments；When pretreatment
Each group fermentation materials TS is adjusted to 20%, every 12h stirs turning over materials 30min, revolving speed 20r/min.
Influence experimental design of the different ambient temperatures of table 4 to gas producing efficiency
Two, test results and analysis
1 total gas production situation analysis
It was found from online record temperature change in fermentation tank of getting a haircut everywhere in Figure 11, Figure 12: except individual number of days are because of control system
Situation occurs outside exceptional value, and fermentation materials temperature is substantially consistent with collet control temperature.Compare each processing group cumulative gas
It is found that production gas total amount is increased regular obvious with the raising of control temperature, especially CT3 and CT4 processing group 40d total gas production divides
Do not reach 87.1L and 91.8L, dry matter gas production has been more than 300 L/kg TS.And controlling collet water temperature is 25 DEG C and 30 DEG C
Processing group total yield gas situation it is undesirable, especially CT1 processing group 40d total gas production is only 35.9L, far below other processing
Group is the 41.2% of 35 DEG C of fermentation groups of medium temperature, has only reached the 24.9% of theoretical gas production, expected gas producing efficiency is far not achieved.
Since the total gas production difference of CT3 group and CT4 group is far below CT3 group and CT2 group, the difference of CT2 group and CT1 group, Practical Project
, can be according to heat preservation actual consumption in operation, preferably insulating layer temperature is 35-40 DEG C.
2 single daily gas and methane content situation of change
From the point of view of each processing group odd-numbered day gas production of Figure 13, Figure 14 and methane content situation of change, 35 DEG C of temperature of control and 40
DEG C processing group odd-numbered day gas production and CH4Content rule and preceding batch experiment conclusion are almost the same, occur at the 10th day or so
Multiple peak values, odd-numbered day gas production are up to 6.3L/d, CH4Content be more than 50% time at the 10-12 days；And control collet
The vaporous condition of processing group production that water temperature is 25 DEG C and 30 DEG C is totally poor, and the CT1 processing group that especially temperature control is 25 DEG C is entirely fermented
Gas peak value, CH are produced without obvious in period4Content rises slowly, in the 31st talent up to 50% or more, according to the quadravalence of anaerobic fermentation
Section is theoretical apparently, and most of material is still in the hydrolysis acidification stage.
Three, conclusion (of pressure testing):
This group experiments have shown that, normal temperature fermentation of the high solid content agricultural wastes at 10-30 DEG C based on fibre stalk class
At a temperature of, gas producing efficiency is significantly lower than 30-35 DEG C of mesophilic digestion.And hot fermentation of the temperature within the scope of 50-55 DEG C although
Fermentation efficiency height can be improved to a certain extent, but required energy consumption is also big, in Practical Project operation, controllable fermentation temperature exists
In the range of 35-40 DEG C.
The different solid content test groups of embodiment 5
The test of this group, for main reaction raw materials, by using different solid contents, is given up with rice straw using agricultural described in embodiment 1
Gurry dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method carry out the test of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation,
Investigate influence of the different solid contents to gas producing efficiency.
One, experimental design and condition control
The test of this group investigates emphatically different solid content situations for fibre stalk class agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation
Under fermentation system produce vaporous condition, experimental design is shown in Table 5.Test method and the method in embodiment 2 are essentially identical, only containing solid
Rate difference (other conditions are certain)；This group test C/N is set as 50:1, still uses the inoculative proportion of low ratio inoculum concentration i.e. 5%, uses
In the biogas slurry of the inoculation processing group biogas slurry good using ferment effect in former batch experiments；Each group fermentation materials are contained when pretreatment
Gu rate TS is adjusted to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% respectively, turning over materials 30min, revolving speed 20r/min are stirred at interval of 30min,
To reach the uniform purpose of mass transfer.
Influence experimental design of the different ambient temperatures of table 5 to gas producing efficiency
Two, test results and analysis
Influence test result of the different solid contents to gas producing efficiency is found out from Figure 15-Figure 18: odd-numbered day gas production and biogas
Middle CH4Changes of contents rule and the result that former batches of test observations arrive are almost the same.But from the point of view of each group cumulative gas, containing solid
The high processing group of rate is apparently higher than the low fermentation group of solid content, rather than because the identical practical gas production of rice straw amount is not much different, verifying
Heat more conclusions needed for wet processing.In addition, the TS3 processing group gas total amount that solid content is 15% reaches 107.3L, it is high
The processing group 22.3% for being 20% in solid content, side reflect under 35 DEG C of temperature-controlled conditions, material mass transfer and temperature conduction
Reached relative equilibrium, i.e., can meet under ensuring the uniform situation of material mass transfer maintain anaerobic reaction needed for heat, and set
Determining fermentation materials is 20% solid content and non-optimal.
Three, conclusion (of pressure testing):
The solid content entirety fermentation efficiency of fermentation materials 15% is preferable, and 20% solid content entirety fermentation efficiency is not good enough.But
In actual engineering design, although 15% solid content is more advantageous to mass-and heat-transfer, and then gas producing efficiency can be improved, it is useless in agricultural
In the case that gurry day output is fixed, the solid content of fermentation system 15% is set, then pool capacity need to increase by 5%, therefore anaerobic fermentation
The construction of engineering need to comprehensively consider actually available project occupation of land situation and biogas output demand.
6 different fermentations raw material proportioning test group of embodiment
The test of this group, for main fermentation raw material, is done with siccative and wet feed mixed material using agricultural wastes described in embodiment 1
Method anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit and autocontrol operation method carry out the test of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation, by adopting
The fermentation raw material matched with different siccative wet feeds investigates different fermentation raw materials with the influence for comparing gas producing efficiency.
One, experimental design and condition control
In region of the Water Source of Upper Huangpu River based on rice and vegetables production, do, wet agricultural wastes generate
Month is uneven, especially in summer and autumn, occupies specific gravity with the wet agricultural wastes that the moisture content such as asparagus, dish skin, water hyacinth are high
It is higher (to account for 70% or more, reach as high as 72.8%).For this purpose, this group of experiment investigation summer and autumn periods, because different fermentations raw material is matched
Than and its caused by solid content change influence to Fermentation Engineering operational efficiency (gas producing efficiency).Experimental design is shown in Table 6.Test side
Method and the method in embodiment 2 are essentially identical, and only fermentation raw material is different (other conditions are certain)；Main fermentation material: siccative is
Rice straw, wet feed are the waste dish such as fruit vegetable skin；According to waste dish/rice straw quality proportioning be 0.00:1,0.50:1,0.75:1,
Five kinds of ratios of 1.00:1 and 1.50:1 are control with the pure rice straw fermentation under 2 same test conditions of embodiment, compare fermentation effect
Fruit.That is: this group is tested, and the adding proportion C/N of the source N pig manure is 50:1, and 5% biogas slurry inoculative proportion, jacket water (J.W.) temperature control system is 35
± 1 DEG C, rice straw is same as Example 2 into tank pretreatment mode；Keep mass transfer uniform per stirring turning over materials 30min for 24 hours；At interval of
Supplement adds 1 source N within 10-15 days, according to 1 ton of siccative of the every processing+wet feed supplement addition source 25-75kg N (dry weight).
Influence experimental design of the 6 different fermentations raw material of table to gas producing efficiency
Two, test results and analysis
1 single daily gas and methane content situation of change
From the point of view of the odd-numbered day gas production changing rule of different material proportion processing group 40d in Figure 19, there is the place of waste dish addition
Reason group fermentation starting fast speed, and produce gas and be concentrated mainly on first 25 days, subsequent odd-numbered day gas production gradually drops, especially tail
Dish/rice straw is that the M1 processing group fermentation starting of 0.5:1 is very fast, occurs multiple production gas peak values in first 20 days, up to
4.93L/d.And then there are multiple production gas peak values at the 25th day or so in the MK processing group for adding pure rice straw, this is discarded with waste dish
Object is easy to acidification hydrolization, and then can quickly participate in that anaerobic reaction is related, but with the raising of waste dish waste accounting, system dry
Quality gradually reduces, and corresponding production potential also decreases.
Different material matches the production gas situation of processing group 40d, CH in each group biogas from Figure 204The variation tendency of content can
Know, M1 and M2 processing group CH4It promotes speed and is substantially better than M3 and M4, and the MK processing group for adding pure rice straw falls between,
Illustrate that the wet feed waste accounting in terms of biogas quality, based on waste dish is more than that 40% meeting generates system totality gas producing efficiency
It influences, in practical projects, to be kept for normal daily output tolerance, palpus suitable control wet feed waste adding proportion, summer and autumn
Engineering operation can be adjusted by way of suitably shortening reaction time, batch feed.
2 cumulative gas situations
Figure 21-24, which is that different material proportion processing group each group is accumulative, produces gas situation, from the point of view of each group cumulative gas situation,
MK, M1, M2, M3 and M4 processing group 40d total gas production are respectively 81.5L, 72.1L, 63.8L, 56.2L and 52.2 L, with each group
Amount of dry matter correlation, although 20 days gas production are good before M1 processing group, odd-numbered day gas production is suddenly after 20 days
Reduce, the rule presented with other processing groups for having waste dish to add is consistent, illustrate to determine this quality factor for producing gas total amount is still can
The total amount of organic utilized by microbial digestion.From the point of view of the accumulative production gas ratio of each group, M1, M2 and M3 processing group are practical up to 80%
The time of gas production is respectively 20d, 25d and 24d, compared with MK processing group morning 8d, 3d and 4d, it is seen that is coping with different agricultural wastes
When processing, 20 days gas production have waste dish addition group up to 80% practical gas production totally with each group dry matter correlation
Time is 20-24d, purer rice straw processing group morning 4-8d, illustrates that solid content is reduced certain caused by wet feed waste increases
Be conducive to the acceleration of anaerobic fermentation in range.
Although wet feed waste increase can lead to the decline of total gas production, produced from the dry matter production of each group and up to theoretical
Apparently, produce the minimum M4 processing group dry matter production of gas total amount is 371 L/kg TS to gas ratio, is up to theoretical gas production ratio
69.6%, it is each group highest, and pure rice straw processing group dry matter production is lower than other processing groups, illustrates that wet feed waste proportion increases
Add and caused by solid content reduce, be more advantageous to the progress of anaerobic reaction, production potential can be improved.
Three, conclusion (of pressure testing):
The directive significance that the test of this group runs Practical Project is: high with moisture content such as asparagus, dish skin, water hyacinths
It the summer and autumn that wet feed waste production is concentrated, can be by the optimal setting of storing and transporting system, by wet feed waste according to being not higher than
The mode of fermentation materials 40% (fresh weight ratio) is fed, and due to the reduction of solid content, anaerobic fermentation can be accelerated to carry out, therefore, can fitted
As reduction fermentation residence time 10d or so, and then realize the timely processing to agricultural wastes.
To sum up, the present invention, which passes through, carries out such as above-described embodiment using above-mentioned agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit
Similar series of agricultural waste dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation test described in 2-6, exploration obtain based on fibre stalk
Agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation reaction condition and operating condition index optimal parameter and combination it is as follows:
1, using rice straw as in the fermentation system of main material, the adding proportion of the source N pig manure is by pig manure: rice straw dry weight ratio 1:13-
1:15, control C/N are no more than 50；When fermentation materials C/N is higher than 50, the source N supplement appropriate is given.
2, by the inoculation of 20-25% than addition inoculum (backflow biogas slurry), the fermentation materials residence time is set as 35-40d.
3, it is most suitable that anaerobic fermentation is carried out under 35-40 DEG C of fermentation temperature.
4, the solid content of fermentation materials is adjusted to 15%-20% when pretreatment and is relatively closed by the anaerobic fermentation based on rice straw
It is suitable.
5, in handling with the dry anaerobic fermentation that rice straw is main fermentation material, inhibit the phenomenon that produce natural pond because pH declines initiation ammonia
It is not serious；When the pH of material in fermentor is changed greatly, by addition diluted acid or diluted alkaline, reaction mass in fermentor is controlled
PH is within the scope of 6.5-7.5.
6, when summer and autumn wet feed waste is suddenly more, by wet feed waste according to not higher than fermentation materials 40% (mass ratio)
Ratio charging, due to the anaerobic fermentation process that can accelerate of turning down of solid content, the residence time of fermenting can suitably reduce 10d or so
(i.e. fermentation materials residence time 25-30d), and then realize the timely processing to agricultural wastes.
Dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit of the invention can monitor different material proportion and produce natural pond feature and potentiality, especially needle
The problem totally different to different zones agriculture waste species and ratio combines dry method anaerobism how to improve various agricultural waste
Treatment effeciency provides optimal operating parameter test device.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit, which is characterized in that it includes the sealed fermenting of a horizontal type
Tank；Top of the tank is equipped with feed inlet, and feed inlet is equipped with the blind nut with sealing ring；Tank base is equipped with discharge port, and discharge port is all the way
It is controlled to a vacuum pump, another way is successively connect with solid-liquid separating machine, reflux pump intake, and reflux pump discharge is connect with feed inlet；Institute
The fermentor stated is configured with mechanical stirring system, water-bath circular heating system, temperature online monitoring system, pH on-line monitoring system
System, gas flow monitor system, and full-automatic PLC lower computer control system, that is, PLC control system；
Mechanical stirring system includes a symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle, which is horizontally set in fermentation tank,
Its agitating shaft is penetrated from fermentor Left-side center hole, is exposed on one outside fermentor section of agitating shaft and is equipped with driving motor,
The driving motor is connect with PLC control system；
Water-bath circular heating system includes heating collet, temperature control water tank；Tank outside ferment equipped with heating collet；Top of the tank
Equipped with heating collet water inlet；Tank base is equipped with heating collet water outlet；Temperature control water tank is equipped with outside fermentor；Heat collet
Water inlet, heating collet water outlet are connect with the water outlet of temperature control water tank, water inlet respectively；
Temperature online monitoring system includes temp probe, cold-hot water control valve；Fermentation tank side is equipped with temp probe interface,
The temp probe interface and temp probe are tightly connected；Temp probe and the input port of PLC control system connect；Temperature control water tank
Water outlet and heating collet water inlet between be equipped with hot water control valve, the output end of the hot water control valve and PLC control system
Mouth connection；Heating collet water inlet is additionally provided with the cold water control valve connecting with normal temperature water pipe, which also controls with PLC
The output port of system connects；It can control the temperature of material in fermentor by PLC control system；
PH online monitoring system includes pH probe, demijohn, alkali bottle；Fermentor tank base is equipped with pH probe interface, and pH probe is inserted
Enter wherein；PH probe is connect with the input port of PLC control system；Soda acid access port, soda acid are equipped in fermentor top of the tank
Access port passes through acid liquor delivery pipe respectively, lye delivery pipe is connect with demijohn, alkali bottle；In acid liquor delivery pipe, lye delivery pipe
It is equipped with peristaltic pump and control valve, the peristaltic pump and control valve are connect with the output port of PLC control system；Pass through PLC
Control system can control the pH value of material in fermentor；
It includes spinner flowmeter, flow transmitter that gas flow, which monitors system,；Methane outlet, methane outlet are equipped at the top of fermentor
It is connect by collecting methane pipe with spinner flowmeter；Spinner flowmeter is connect by flow transmitter with PLC control system；Pass through
The biogas flow that PLC control system is measurable, monitoring fermentor gives off.
2. agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that at the top of fermentor
Siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin are respectively equipped with above feed inlet；Siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N
Feed bin and inoculum bin bottom are equipped with weight sensor, the weight sensor with the input port of PLC control system
Connection；The door that can be opened or closed, the door are equipped at the top of siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin
It is connect with the output port of PLC control system, opening or closing for door can be controlled by PLC control system；Pass through as a result,
PLC control system can control siccative and wet feed with when respective additional amount, the additional amount of the additive amount in the source N, inoculum.
3. agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the siccative is fibre
Tie up class stalk；The wet feed includes waste dish byproduct, water plant, flowers branches and leaves, weeds.
4. agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the weight sensing
Device is an electronic scale for having transmitter；The fermentation tank is in " capsule " shape.
5. the agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit as described in claim 2,3 or 4, which is characterized in that described
Fermentor is also configured with biogas slurry regurgitant volume monitoring system；Biogas slurry regurgitant volume monitoring system include slurries solid content on-line detector,
Flow back control valve；Fermentation tank side is equipped with the slurries solid content connecting with the input port of PLC control system and examines online
Survey instrument；Reflux pump discharge after solid-liquid separating machine is equipped with reflux control valve, the reflux control valve and PLC control system
Output port connection；It can control the solid-liquid separating i.e. regurgitant volume of biogas slurry, that is, the addition of inoculum by PLC control system
Thus amount controls reaction mass solid content in setting value to adjust.
6. a kind of agricultural wastes carried out using agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation self-con-tained unit as claimed in claim 5
Dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method, which is characterized in that siccative, wet feed are sent after broken pretreatment to dry-type anaerobic fermentation
Self-con-tained unit automatically controls siccative, wet feed is fed by set amount, wherein wet feed is pressed not higher than fermentation by PLC control system
The mass ratio of material 40% is fed；When starting anaerobic fermentation: inoculation of the inoculum by 20-25% is automatically controlled than being added, and from
The dynamic control source N according to its with siccative+wet feed dry weight than being added for the ratio of 1:13-1:15, the C/N for controlling fermentation materials is not high
In 50；In operation anaerobic fermentation process: automatically controlling the temperature and pH of anaerobic fermentation, and automatically control a certain proportion of solid-liquid point
Chaotropic, that is, biogas slurry is back to feed end, to adjust control reaction mass solid content 15~20%；Timing automatic stirring stirs object
Material；Ferment residence time 25-30d；Regular replenishment adds the source N.
7. agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that described connects
Kind object is fresh cow dung or cattle farm biogas slurry；The source N is one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, organic sludge, inorganic fertilizer；
It runs in anaerobic fermentation process, adds 1 source N at interval of 10-15 days supplements, supplemented according to 1 ton of siccative of the every processing of dry weight+wet feed
Add the source 25-75kg N.
8. agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method as claimed in claims 6 or 7, which is characterized in that specific
Include:
(1) pretreated siccative, wet feed, the source N and inoculum are passed through into siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin respectively and connect
Fermentor is added from feed inlet in kind material bin；The weight of material in siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin
It is transferred to PLC control system by weight sensor, PLC control system is according to the siccative of setting, wet feed, the source N and inoculum
Dosage, by the Weight control of material in siccative feed bin, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin in setting value；When siccative material
When the weight of material reaches setting value in storehouse, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin, PLC control system controls siccative material
Door at the top of storehouse, wet feed feed bin, the source N feed bin and inoculation material bin is closed；
(2) PLC control system passes through water-bath circular heating system and temperature online monitoring system control according to the fermentation temperature of setting
Fermentation temperature processed is in setting value；The temperature for controlling material in fermentor by PLC control system is a certain within the scope of 20-60 DEG C
Setting value；When the temperature of material in fermentor is lower than setting value, hot water control valve is opened, and the hot water in temperature control water tank, which flows into, to be added
Warm collet, fermentor heating；When the temperature of material in fermentor is higher than setting value, hot water control valve is closed, in temperature control water tank
Hot water stop flow into heating collet, cold water control valve is opened, fermentor cooling；
(3) PLC control system controls the pH of reaction mass in fermentor by pH online monitoring system according to the fermentation pH of setting
In the setting range of 6.5-7.5；When PLC control system monitors the pH of material in fermentor lower than setting range, then control
Peristaltic pump and control valve in alkaline liquid delivery pipe are opened, and fermentor is added in diluted alkaline；When PLC control system monitors fermentor
When the pH of interior material is higher than setting range, then the peristaltic pump and control valve controlled in acid liquor delivery pipe is opened, and diluted acid is added and is sent out
Fermentation tank；
(4) PLC control system control mechanical stirring timing automatically turns on stirring rod and is stirred；Every 12-24h is automatically turned on
Symmetrical anchor formula agitating paddle, stirs turning over materials 30-60min, to reach the uniform purpose of mass transfer；
(5) the biogas stream that PLC control system is given off by spinner flowmeter, flow transmitter, on-line metering, monitoring fermentor
Amount, including daily output tolerance, cumulative gas production.
9. agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that further include:
PLC control system is by control solid-liquid separating, that is, biogas slurry regurgitant volume, to adjust control reaction mass solid content in setting value
10-20%；When PLC control system detects reaction mass solid content lower than setting value by slurries solid content on-line detector
When, then the flow control valve for controlling reflux pump discharge is opened, and biogas slurry flows back into feed inlet and is added as the supplement of inoculation liquid；When
When PLC control system detects that reaction mass solid content is higher than setting value by slurries solid content on-line detector, then control back
The flow control valve for flowing pump discharge is closed.
10. agricultural wastes dry anaerobic fermentation autocontrol operation method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that pass through PLC
Control system controls the temperature of material in fermentor within the scope of 35 DEG C -40 DEG C.
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| CN112029911A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 中国华电科工集团有限公司 | Anaerobic fermentation control method and system |
| CN112481117A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-12 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Self-propelled anaerobic dry fermentation device for treating planting waste and operation method |
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