CN107841457B - Device for preparing biogas by continuously treating straw and livestock manure and method for preparing biogas - Google Patents
Device for preparing biogas by continuously treating straw and livestock manure and method for preparing biogas Download PDFInfo
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- CN107841457B CN107841457B CN201711410635.9A CN201711410635A CN107841457B CN 107841457 B CN107841457 B CN 107841457B CN 201711410635 A CN201711410635 A CN 201711410635A CN 107841457 B CN107841457 B CN 107841457B
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- JXBAVRIYDKLCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[P] Chemical compound [C].[P] JXBAVRIYDKLCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/20—Ribbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/36—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of biomass, e.g. colony counters or by turbidity measurements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for preparing biogas by continuously treating straw and livestock and poultry manure and a method for preparing biogas. The device comprises a sedimentation sand removal tank, a straw silage tank, a prehydrolysis equalizing tank, a feeding buffer tank and an anaerobic fermentation tank, wherein the sedimentation sand removal tank and the straw silage tank are respectively connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, the prehydrolysis equalizing tank is connected with the feeding buffer tank, the feeding buffer tank is connected with a feeding port of the anaerobic fermentation tank, a discharging port at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, and a biogas outlet is arranged at the top of the anaerobic fermentation tank; the anaerobic fermentation tank is equally divided into 4 small chambers by the inclined accelerating guide plate. A method for preparing biogas by matching a device for preparing biogas by continuously treating straw and livestock and poultry manure is characterized in that the straw and livestock and poultry manure is reasonably proportioned with returned biogas slurry, so that the volumetric gas production rate is high, the methane content of the biogas is high, and the biogas slurry treatment load is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of straw treatment, and in particular relates to a device for preparing biogas by continuously treating straw and livestock manure and a method for preparing biogas.
Background
The country is a country with relatively short energy source and is also a large country of biomass resources. According to statistics, the total amount of crop straws produced per year in China is about 8.4 hundred million tons, and besides raw materials for papermaking and feed, about 4.7 hundred million tons of straws can be used as energy substances; crop straw is an important biomass resource rich in organic matters (80% -90%). 38 hundred million tons of excrement are produced annually by large-scale livestock and poultry cultivation in China (if the excrement is completely converted into methane which is equivalent to 1.62 hundred million tons of standard coal), wherein only 15 percent of the excrement is provided with treatment facilities such as methane engineering and the like; livestock manure becomes one of the main sources of agricultural non-point source pollution and also brings serious challenges to sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Therefore, the modern technology is utilized to convert crop straws and livestock manure into high-quality energy-methane which is efficient, clean and convenient, and has important significance for relieving the conventional energy shortage condition in China and promoting the sustainable development of social economy and the improvement of ecological environment.
The traditional straw treatment main modes include direct incineration, anaerobic fermentation and the like. The direct incineration of the straw causes three pollution indexes of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particles in the atmosphere to be greatly improved, and the air environment is seriously polluted; when the concentration of inhalable particles reaches a certain level, the inhalable particles have great stimulation to eyes, nose, throat and the like containing mucous membranes of a human body, and harm to the health of the human body. The straw dry anaerobic fermentation device has the defects of large equipment investment, easy damage of the stirring device and the like; the straw wet anaerobic fermentation device has the defects of easy floating of raw materials, easy crust formation, low gas generation and the like. The anaerobic fermentation device using the livestock and poultry manure as the raw material has the defects of low volumetric gas production rate, low methane content, large methane liquid amount, difficult treatment and the like caused by unreasonable carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material.
Chinese patent of invention (2016610223313.2, cn 10728748a, an anaerobic fermentation process for combined treatment of faeces and straw) discloses an anaerobic fermentation process for combined treatment of faeces and straw, comprising the steps of: the manure is first piled and retted, then mixed with crushed straw and the water content is regulated to 60-70% to be used as bait for earthworm cultivation, and the wormcast produced after the earthworm ingests the bait is fed into a methane tank for anaerobic fermentation to produce methane. Said invention uses earthworm to pretreat manure and straw, and uses the earthworm manure as methane fermentation raw material to produce methane, but said invention needs to increase raising of earthworm, and its treated raw material quantity is small, and it is difficult to make it be large-scale.
Experiment research on biogas production by fermenting straws and feces in different proportions, china biogas, 2011, 29 (4). According to the test, ten treatments are set for biogas fermentation tests according to different raw material proportions of straw and excrement. The optimal raw material ratio is discussed by comparing parameters such as starting time, total gas production, TS gas production rate, methane content and the like. The results show that: the efficiency of producing methane is not high when the straw proportion is too large or too small, and the total gas quantity, TS gas production rate and methane content only reach the highest when 50% of straw is matched with 50% of excrement. Straw raw materials can completely replace excrement to produce methane, but pretreatment is needed, fermentation is started slowly and is slower than that of pure excrement raw materials by 3-10 days, the peak period of gas production is delayed by about 15 days, and the duration of gas production is longer and can reach about 6 months. The study was only in the laboratory stage and was not industrialised with 50% straw and 50% faeces.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device for preparing biogas by continuously treating straw and livestock manure and a method for preparing biogas.
The invention aims at:
(1) Aiming at the uncleanness and the defects of the traditional straw and livestock and poultry manure treatment, the device can solve the environmental problems of atmospheric pollution, water pollution and the like caused by unreasonable utilization of the straw and the livestock and poultry manure.
(2) Aiming at the technical problems that the traditional straw dry fermentation and wet fermentation equipment has large investment, the stirring transmission equipment is easy to break, the raw materials are easy to float, the crust is easy to form, the volume gas production rate is low, and the like, the device has small equipment investment, no large-scale stirring transmission equipment, the raw materials are uniformly mixed, do not float, do not crust, and the volume gas production rate is high.
(3) Aiming at the technical problems of low volumetric gas production rate, low methane content, large and difficult treatment of methane liquid and the like of livestock and poultry manure fermentation, the device adopts the reasonable carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of straw and livestock and poultry manure to the returned methane liquid, and has high volumetric gas production rate, high methane content and low methane liquid treatment load.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purposes:
the device for continuously treating the straw and livestock manure to prepare the biogas comprises a sedimentation sand removal tank, a straw silage tank, a prehydrolysis equalizing tank, a feeding buffer tank and an anaerobic fermentation tank, wherein the sedimentation sand removal tank and the straw silage tank are respectively connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, the prehydrolysis equalizing tank is connected with the feeding buffer tank, the feeding buffer tank is connected with a feeding port of the anaerobic fermentation tank, a discharging port at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, and a biogas outlet is arranged at the top of the anaerobic fermentation tank;
the anaerobic fermentation tank is sequentially provided with a first inclined accelerating guide plate, a second inclined accelerating guide plate and a third inclined accelerating guide plate, the anaerobic fermentation tank is equally divided into 4 small chambers, the first inclined accelerating guide plate and the third inclined accelerating guide plate are respectively in sealing connection with the tank bottom and the side wall of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the second inclined accelerating guide plate is in sealing connection with the side wall of the anaerobic fermentation tank, and the second inclined accelerating guide plate is suspended in the anaerobic fermentation tank.
The device for continuously treating the straws and the livestock and poultry manure to prepare the biogas further comprises an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator, a livestock and poultry manure regulating valve, a belt frequency converter and a biogas slurry regulating valve, wherein the on-line element proportion automatic control regulator is respectively connected with the livestock and poultry manure regulating valve, the belt frequency converter and the biogas slurry regulating valve.
The sedimentation desanding tank comprises a desanding machine, a desanding stirrer and a submersible sewage pump, wherein the submersible sewage pump is positioned at the bottom of the sedimentation desanding tank and is connected with the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank through a livestock and poultry manure regulating valve.
The straw silage pool is provided with a belt conveyor, one end of the belt conveyor is connected with the straw silage pool, the other end of the belt conveyor is connected with the pre-hydrolysis equalizing pool, and the belt conveyor is connected with the belt frequency converter.
The pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank is connected with a feeding buffer tank through a pipeline pump, a double-slurry stirrer is arranged on the feeding buffer tank, and the feeding buffer tank is connected with a feeding inlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank through a slurry pump.
The anaerobic fermentation tank is characterized in that a feeding valve is arranged at a feeding port of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the feeding valve is connected with a feeding pipeline, the outlet end of the feeding pipeline is sealed, a plurality of round holes with the pipeline diameter are uniformly formed in the bottom of the feeding pipeline, and materials enter the feeding pipeline and then downwards reach the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank through a discharging port and are back mixed.
And a discharge hole of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with a discharge valve and a biogas slurry reflux pump, and the biogas slurry reflux pump is connected with a pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank through a biogas slurry regulating valve.
The first inclined accelerating guide plate and the third inclined accelerating guide plate are positioned at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank and are inclined 10 degrees anticlockwise, and the second inclined accelerating guide plate is positioned at the upper middle part of the anaerobic fermentation tank and is inclined 10 degrees clockwise.
The preparation method for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials
Crushing raw material straws into small sections of 0.5-1.0 cm, ensiling, compacting by adopting a caterpillar track vehicle, wherein the compacted density of the straws in the ensiling pool is 0.5-1.0 ton/cubic meter, the dry matter content of the ensiling straws is ensured to be 20-40%, and then covering the ensiling straws for later use;
the livestock and poultry manure automatically flows into a sedimentation desanding tank through a ditch pipe, is stirred in the sedimentation desanding tank, and removes about 0.1 percent of sand in the manure by using a desanding machine.
(2) Feed blending
Silage straw and livestock and poultry manure are respectively conveyed to a prehydrolysis equalizing tank through belt conveying and submersible sewage pumping, the amounts of the silage straw and the livestock and poultry manure are regulated through an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator, and the initial feeding proportion of each material is given according to the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in each material, and is the livestock and poultry manure: straw: biogas slurry=2:3:5, detecting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the prehydrolysis equalizing tank by an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator, and then regulating the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the prehydrolysis equalizing tank to be 100:5:1, wherein the solid content of feed is 6-15%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5;
the mixed raw materials are conveyed to a feeding buffer tank through a pipeline pump, and then the materials are conveyed to the bottom of an anaerobic fermentation tank through a feeding pipeline with a feeding port at the bottom through a slurry pump for anaerobic fermentation to prepare methane.
(3) Anaerobic fermentation
The anaerobic fermentation tank adopts a slurry pump for continuous feeding, the fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, the hydraulic retention time is 15 days, the anaerobic fermentation tank adopts a spliced tank, three inclined accelerating guide plates are internally attached, mixed materials enter the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank through a special feeding pipeline and are backmixed and lifted, aggregation of the materials at the bottom is eliminated, the lifting space of the inclined accelerating guide plates is gradually reduced in the lifting process of the materials, so that the flow rate of the materials is increased, the flow rate reaches the maximum, and the straws cannot crust at the flow rate;
the space is reduced in the downward flowing process of the materials in the second subchamber, the flow speed is increased, the materials can be prevented from gathering at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the inclined accelerating guide plate can ensure that the straws and the livestock manure are fully mixed, and the flow speed of the materials is improved by utilizing the 'channel effect', so that the problems of straw floating and crusting are solved.
The raw material straw in the step (1) comprises corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and the like, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the corn straw is 60-65: 1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the wheat straw to the rice straw is 70-75: 1, a step of; the livestock manure raw materials comprise cow manure, pig manure, poultry manure and the like, and the ratio of carbon to phosphorus in the cow manure is 15:1:1.5, pig manure carbon nitrogen phosphorus ratio 10:1:1.3, poultry manure carbon to phosphorus ratio 7:1:2.
the beneficial technical effects obtained by adopting the steps are as follows:
the raw materials of the device for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock manure are the mixture of the straw and the livestock manure prepared by an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator, and compared with the traditional anaerobic fermentation, the device has the advantages of multiple raw materials, practicability and scientificity;
the device has a feeding pipeline with a special structure and an inclined accelerating guide plate, and the feeding pipeline and the inclined accelerating guide plate can well solve the problems of raw material mixing uniformity and difficult problems of straw floating and crusting.
The anaerobic fermentation volumetric gas production rate of the device for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock manure is high, and the methane content in the biogas is high; the device has great biogas slurry reflux effect, and reduces the load of subsequent treatment of biogas slurry.
The preparation method for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock and poultry manure has the advantages of wide treatment raw material range: the device can be used for anaerobic fermentation of straws and livestock and poultry manure; the equipment investment is low, and the stirring transmission equipment is less; the volume gas production rate is high, and the methane content in the biogas is high; the subsequent treatment load of the biogas slurry is small. Because the device has a half of biogas slurry reflux ratio for balancing the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the tank, the subsequent treatment capacity of the biogas slurry is greatly reduced; the organic fertilizer has high fertilizer efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of feedback regulation of carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of materials.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for continuously treating straw and livestock manure to prepare biogas.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the anaerobic fermentation tank.
FIG. 4 is a top view of an anaerobic fermentation tank.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a feed tube.
In the figure, a 1-sand removing machine, a 2-sedimentation sand removing tank, a 3-sand removing stirrer, a 4-submersible sewage pump, a 5-straw silage tank, a 6-belt conveyor, a 7-livestock and poultry manure regulating valve, an 8-belt frequency converter, a 9-pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank, a 10-stirrer, a 11-biogas slurry regulating valve, a 12-on-line element proportioning self-control regulator, a 13-pipeline pump, a 14-feeding buffer tank, a 15-double-slurry stirrer, a 16-slurry pump, a 17-feeding valve, a 18-feeding pipeline, a 19-anaerobic fermentation tank, a 20-first inclined accelerating guide plate, a 21-second inclined accelerating guide plate, a 22-third inclined accelerating guide plate, a 23-discharging valve, a 24-biogas slurry reflux pump and a 25-biogas outlet.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 5:
the device for continuously treating the straw and livestock manure to prepare the biogas comprises a sedimentation sand removal tank 2, a straw silage tank 5, a prehydrolysis equalizing tank 9, a feeding buffer tank 14 and an anaerobic fermentation tank 19, wherein the sedimentation sand removal tank and the straw silage tank are respectively connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, the prehydrolysis equalizing tank is connected with the feeding buffer tank, the feeding buffer tank is connected with a feeding port of the anaerobic fermentation tank, a discharging port at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, and a biogas outlet 25 is arranged at the top of the anaerobic fermentation tank.
The anaerobic fermentation tank is sequentially provided with a first inclined accelerating guide plate 20, a second inclined accelerating guide plate 21 and a third inclined accelerating guide plate 22, the anaerobic fermentation tank is equally divided into 4 small chambers, the first inclined accelerating guide plate and the third inclined accelerating guide plate are respectively in sealing connection with the tank bottom and the side wall of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the second inclined accelerating guide plate is in sealing connection with the side wall of the anaerobic fermentation tank, and the second inclined accelerating guide plate is suspended in the anaerobic fermentation tank. The first inclined accelerating guide plate and the third inclined accelerating guide plate are positioned at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank and are inclined 10 degrees anticlockwise, and the second inclined accelerating guide plate is positioned at the upper middle part of the anaerobic fermentation tank and is inclined 10 degrees clockwise.
The device for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock and poultry manure also comprises an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator 12, a livestock and poultry manure regulating valve 7, a belt frequency converter 8 and a biogas slurry regulating valve 11, wherein the on-line element proportion automatic control regulator is respectively connected with and controls the livestock and poultry manure regulating valve 7, the belt frequency converter 8 and the biogas slurry regulating valve 11. The livestock and poultry manure regulating valve is used for regulating the livestock and poultry manure feeding amount from the sedimentation sand removal tank to the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, the belt frequency converter is used for regulating the straw feeding amount from the straw silage tank to the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, and the biogas slurry regulating valve is used for regulating the biogas slurry feeding amount from the anaerobic fermentation tank to the prehydrolysis equalizing tank. And the on-line element proportion automatic control regulator respectively regulates the livestock and poultry manure feed quantity, the straw feed quantity and the biogas slurry feed quantity according to the detected proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the prehydrolysis equalizing tank.
The prehydrolysis equalizing tank is provided with a material sampling port, a sample is analyzed by adopting a CNP mode of a full-automatic element analyzer for about 2 minutes, the carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is obtained, and the opening of the livestock and poultry manure regulating valve is regulated by utilizing a computer feedback program according to the ratio until the carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratio meets the condition.
The sedimentation sand removal tank comprises a sand removal machine 1, a sand removal stirrer 3 and a submersible sewage pump 4, wherein the submersible sewage pump is positioned at the bottom of the sedimentation sand removal tank and is connected with the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank through a livestock and poultry manure regulating valve. The sand removal stirrer continuously stirs to enable sediment to sink, a sunken area is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation sand removal tank and is used for storing sediment, and the sand removal machine stretches into the sunken area.
The straw silage pool is provided with a belt conveyor 6, one end of the belt conveyor is connected with the straw silage pool, the other end of the belt conveyor is connected with the pre-hydrolysis equalizing pool, and the belt conveyor is connected with the belt frequency converter.
The pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank is provided with a stirrer 10, the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank is connected with a feeding buffer tank through a pipeline pump 13, the feeding buffer tank is provided with a double-slurry stirrer 15, and the feeding buffer tank is connected with a feeding port of the anaerobic fermentation tank through a slurry pump.
The feed inlet of anaerobic fermentation tank is equipped with feed valve 17, and feed valve connects the feed pipeline, and the exit end of feed pipeline seals, and the round hole of a plurality of pipeline diameter sizes is evenly opened to the feed pipeline bottom. And 3 circular holes with the diameter of the pipeline are uniformly formed in the bottom of the pipeline. The design avoids material aggregation in the feeding process, eliminates material dead angles, ensures uniform mixing of raw materials and eliminates the material dead angles by enabling the materials to downwards reach the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank through 3 discharge holes after entering the pipeline.
The discharge port of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with a discharge valve 23 and a biogas slurry reflux pump 24, and the biogas slurry reflux pump is connected with a prehydrolysis equalizing tank through a biogas slurry regulating valve.
The straw silage pool and the prehydrolysis equalizing pool of the device for continuously treating straw and livestock and poultry manure to prepare methane are connected through a belt, and crushed silage straw is quantitatively conveyed to the prehydrolysis equalizing pool through the belt; a submersible sewage pump and a feeding self-control valve are arranged between the sand removal sedimentation tank and the prehydrolysis equalizing tank; the prehydrolysis equalizing tank is connected with the feeding buffer tank through a pipeline pump; a slurry pump 16 and a feed valve are arranged between the feed buffer tank and the anaerobic fermentation tank; and a biogas slurry and residue discharge port is arranged behind the anaerobic fermentation tank.
Biogas fermentation is a complex bioconversion process, and the related microorganisms are of a large variety and number. The pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank has the functions of raw material mixing and element proportioning, the feeding buffer tank has the function of buffering feeding, and a very small amount of methanogens exist in the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank and the feeding buffer tank.
The volume gas production rate of the anaerobic fermentation tank is 2.0-2.5 m 3 /(m 3 D) generating biogas CH 4 Content of 58-68%, CO 2 The content is 25 to 35 percent, H 2 S content is about 1%; 50% of biogas slurry is refluxed to the prehydrolysis equalizing tank by a biogas slurry reflux pump; the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the raw materials of the device are balanced in blending elements through an on-line element proportion self-control regulator, and the biogas residue can be used as an organic fertilizer.
The device for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock manure has the following advantages:
(1) The raw materials of the device are the mixture of the straw and the livestock and poultry manure prepared by the on-line element proportion self-control regulator, and compared with the traditional anaerobic fermentation, the raw materials have multiple properties, practicability and scientificity.
(2) The device has a feeding pipeline with a special structure and an inclined accelerating guide plate, and the feeding pipeline and the inclined accelerating guide plate can well solve the problems of raw material mixing uniformity and difficult problems of straw floating and crusting.
(3) The anaerobic fermentation volumetric gas production rate of the device is high, and the methane content in the biogas is high.
(4) The device has great biogas slurry reflux effect, and reduces the load of subsequent treatment of biogas slurry.
The preparation method for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials
Crushing raw material straws into small sections of 0.5-1.0 cm, ensiling, compacting by adopting a caterpillar track vehicle, wherein the compacted density of the straws in the ensiling pool is 0.5-1.0 ton/cubic meter, the dry matter content of the ensiling straws is ensured to be 20-40%, and then covering the ensiling straws for later use;
the livestock and poultry manure automatically flows into a sedimentation desanding tank through a ditch pipe, is stirred in the sedimentation desanding tank, and removes about 0.1 percent of sand in the manure by using a desanding machine.
(2) Feed blending
Silage straw and livestock and poultry manure are respectively conveyed to a prehydrolysis equalizing tank through belt conveying and submersible sewage pumping, the amounts of the silage straw and the livestock and poultry manure are regulated through an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator, and the initial feeding proportion of each material is given according to the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in each material, and is the livestock and poultry manure: straw: biogas slurry=2:3:5, detecting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the prehydrolysis equalizing tank by an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator, and then regulating the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the prehydrolysis equalizing tank to be 100:5:1, wherein the solid content of feed is 6-15%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5;
the mixed raw materials are conveyed to a feeding buffer tank through a pipeline pump, and then the materials are conveyed to the bottom of an anaerobic fermentation tank through a feeding pipeline with a feeding port at the bottom through a slurry pump for anaerobic fermentation to prepare methane.
Livestock and poultry manure: straw: biogas slurry=2:3:5 is the optimal ratio initially given according to the ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in each material, the ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus can float at 100:5:1 according to the ratio, and then the ratio is regulated according to an on-line element ratio self-control regulator.
(3) Anaerobic fermentation
The anaerobic fermentation tank adopts a slurry pump for continuous feeding, the fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, the hydraulic retention time is 15 days, the anaerobic fermentation tank adopts a spliced tank, three inclined accelerating guide plates are internally attached, mixed materials enter the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank through a special feeding pipeline and are backmixed and lifted, aggregation of the materials at the bottom is eliminated, the lifting space of the inclined accelerating guide plates is gradually reduced in the lifting process of the materials, so that the flow rate of the materials is increased, the flow rate reaches the maximum, and the straws cannot crust at the flow rate;
the space is reduced in the downward flowing process of the materials in the second subchamber, the flow speed is increased, the materials can be prevented from gathering at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the inclined accelerating guide plate can ensure that the straws and the livestock manure are fully mixed, and the flow speed of the materials is improved by utilizing the 'channel effect', so that the problems of straw floating and crusting are solved.
The raw material straw in the step (1) comprises corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and the like, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the corn straw is 60-65: 1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the wheat straw to the rice straw is 70-75: 1, a step of; the livestock manure raw materials comprise cow manure, pig manure, poultry manure and the like, and the ratio of carbon to phosphorus in the cow manure is 15:1:1.5, pig manure carbon nitrogen phosphorus ratio 10:1:1.3, poultry manure carbon to phosphorus ratio 7:1:2.
the preparation method for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock manure has the following advantages:
(1) The range of the treatment raw materials is wide: the device can be used for anaerobic fermentation of straw and livestock and poultry manure.
(2) Low equipment investment and less stirring transmission equipment.
(3) High volume gas production rate and high methane content in methane.
(4) The subsequent treatment load of the biogas slurry is small. As the device has half of biogas slurry reflux for balancing the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the tank, the subsequent treatment capacity of the biogas slurry is greatly reduced.
(5) The organic fertilizer has high fertilizer efficiency.
The above description is, of course, merely of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but it should be understood that all equivalent and obvious modifications will fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as those skilled in the art will do under the guidance of the present specification.
Claims (2)
1. The method for preparing the biogas by the device for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straw and the livestock manure is characterized in that the device comprises a sedimentation sand removal tank (2), a straw silage tank (5), a prehydrolysis equalizing tank (9), a feeding buffer tank (14) and an anaerobic fermentation tank (19), wherein the sedimentation sand removal tank (2) and the straw silage tank (5) are respectively connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank (9), the prehydrolysis equalizing tank (9) is connected with the feeding buffer tank (14), the feeding buffer tank (14) is connected with a feeding port of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19), a discharging port at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) is connected with the prehydrolysis equalizing tank (9), and a biogas outlet (25) is formed in the top of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19);
the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) is sequentially provided with a first inclined accelerating guide plate (20), a second inclined accelerating guide plate (21) and a third inclined accelerating guide plate (22), the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) is equally divided into 4 small chambers, the first inclined accelerating guide plate (20) and the third inclined accelerating guide plate (22) are respectively in sealing connection with the tank bottom and the side wall of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19), the second inclined accelerating guide plate (21) is in sealing connection with the side wall of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19), and the second inclined accelerating guide plate is suspended in the anaerobic fermentation tank (19);
the device for preparing the biogas by continuously treating the straws and the livestock and poultry manure also comprises an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator (12), a livestock and poultry manure regulating valve (7), a belt frequency converter (8) and a biogas slurry regulating valve (11), wherein the on-line element proportion automatic control regulator (12) is respectively connected with the livestock and poultry manure regulating valve (7), the belt frequency converter (8) and the biogas slurry regulating valve (11);
the livestock and poultry manure regulating valve (7) is used for regulating the livestock and poultry manure feeding amount of the sedimentation sand removal tank (2) to the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9), the belt frequency converter (8) is used for regulating the straw feeding amount of the straw silage tank (5) to the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9), the biogas slurry regulating valve (11) is used for regulating the biogas slurry feeding amount of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) to the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9), and the online element proportion automatic control regulator (12) respectively regulates the livestock and poultry manure feeding amount, the straw feeding amount and the biogas slurry feeding amount according to the detected proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9);
the sedimentation sand removal tank (2) comprises a sand removal machine (1), a sand removal stirrer (3) and a submersible sewage pump (4), wherein the submersible sewage pump (4) is positioned at the bottom of the sedimentation sand removal tank (2), and the submersible sewage pump (4) is connected with the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9) through a livestock and poultry manure regulating valve (7);
the straw silage pool (5) is provided with a belt conveyor (6), one end of the belt conveyor (6) is connected with the straw silage pool (5), the other end of the belt conveyor is connected with the pre-hydrolysis equalizing pool (9), and the belt conveyor (6) is connected with the belt frequency converter (8);
the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9) is provided with a stirrer (10), the pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9) is connected with a feeding buffer tank (14) through a pipeline pump (13), the feeding buffer tank (14) is provided with a double-slurry stirrer (15), and the feeding buffer tank (14) is connected with a feeding port of an anaerobic fermentation tank (19) through a slurry pump (16);
a feed inlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) is provided with a feed valve (17), the feed valve (17) is connected with a feed pipeline, the outlet end of the feed pipeline is sealed, the bottom of the feed pipeline is uniformly provided with a plurality of round holes with the pipeline diameter, and materials enter the feed pipeline and then downwards reach the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank through a discharge hole and are back mixed;
a discharge hole of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) is connected with a discharge valve (23) and a biogas slurry reflux pump (24), and the biogas slurry reflux pump (24) is connected with a pre-hydrolysis equalizing tank (9) through a biogas slurry regulating valve (11);
the first inclined accelerating guide plate (20) and the third inclined accelerating guide plate (22) are positioned at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) and are inclined anticlockwise by 10 degrees, and the second inclined accelerating guide plate (21) is positioned at the middle upper part of the anaerobic fermentation tank (19) and is inclined clockwise by 10 degrees;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials
Crushing raw material straws into small sections of 0.5-1.0 cm, ensiling, compacting by adopting a caterpillar track vehicle, wherein the compacted density of the straws in the ensiling pool is 0.5-1.0 ton/cubic meter, the dry matter content of the ensiling straws is ensured to be 20-40%, and then covering the ensiling straws for later use;
automatically flowing livestock and poultry manure into a sedimentation desanding pool through a ditch pipe, stirring in the sedimentation desanding pool, and removing 0.1% of sand in the manure by using a desanding machine;
(2) Feed blending
Silage straw and livestock and poultry manure are respectively conveyed to a prehydrolysis equalizing tank through a belt conveying pump and a submersible sewage pump, the amounts of the silage straw and the livestock and poultry manure are regulated through an on-line element proportion automatic control regulator, the on-line element proportion automatic control regulator detects the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the prehydrolysis equalizing tank, and the initial feeding proportion of each material is given according to the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in each material, and is that the livestock and poultry manure is: straw: biogas slurry=2:3:5, and then adjusting the ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the prehydrolysis equalizing tank to be maintained at 100:5:1, wherein the solid content of the feed is 6-15%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5;
the mixed raw materials are conveyed to a feeding buffer tank through a pipeline pump, and then the materials are conveyed to the bottom of an anaerobic fermentation tank through a feeding pipeline with a feeding port at the bottom through a slurry pump for anaerobic fermentation to prepare methane;
(3) Anaerobic fermentation
The anaerobic fermentation tank adopts a slurry pump for continuous feeding, the fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, the hydraulic retention time is 15 days, the anaerobic fermentation tank adopts a spliced tank, three inclined accelerating guide plates are internally attached, mixed materials enter the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank through a special feeding pipeline and are backmixed and lifted, aggregation of the materials at the bottom is eliminated, the lifting space of the inclined accelerating guide plates is gradually reduced in the lifting process of the materials, so that the flow rate of the materials is increased, the flow rate is maximum when the materials reach the top, and the straws cannot be crusted at the flow rate;
the space is reduced in the downward flowing process of the materials in the second subchamber, the flow speed is increased, the materials can be prevented from gathering at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the inclined accelerating guide plate can ensure that the straws and the livestock manure are fully mixed, and the flow speed of the materials is improved by utilizing the 'channel effect', so that the problems of straw floating and crusting are solved.
2. The method for preparing biogas by the device for continuously treating straw and livestock manure to prepare biogas according to claim 1, wherein the raw material straw in the step (1) comprises corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the corn straw is 60-65: 1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the wheat straw to the rice straw is 70-75: 1, a step of; the livestock manure raw material comprises cow manure, pig manure and poultry manure, and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of the cow manure is 15:1:1.5, pig manure carbon nitrogen phosphorus ratio 10:1:1.3, poultry manure carbon to phosphorus ratio 7:1:2.
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| CN112777896A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-11 | 广东石油化工学院 | Device for producing high-methane-content biogas by using livestock and poultry manure |
| CN113969235A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-25 | 北京时代桃源环境科技股份有限公司 | Efficient device for preparing biogas through straw anaerobic fermentation and preparation method thereof |
| CN112877369A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-01 | 国能生物发电集团有限公司 | Method for preparing CNG, LNG and biological dry ice from biomass and livestock and poultry manure |
| CN116083210A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-05-09 | 神鹭食品(高邮)有限公司 | Intelligent agricultural byproduct quick fermentation device |
| CN117143927A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-12-01 | 西北农林科技大学深圳研究院 | Anaerobic fermentation method for crop straw |
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