CN101920771B - Method for undock ballasting in ship building - Google Patents
Method for undock ballasting in ship building Download PDFInfo
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- CN101920771B CN101920771B CN201010181229A CN201010181229A CN101920771B CN 101920771 B CN101920771 B CN 101920771B CN 201010181229 A CN201010181229 A CN 201010181229A CN 201010181229 A CN201010181229 A CN 201010181229A CN 101920771 B CN101920771 B CN 101920771B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for undock ballasting in ship building, which is particularly applicable to the building of Panamax bulk carrier in a dock and belongs to the technical field of dock building methods. The method is characterized in that: before large dock water injection, first-stage ballasting which comprises tail half ship ballasting and entire ship ballasting by three identical ships is performed; after the large dock water injection, second-stage ballasting which consists of primary large dock water injection, secondary large dock water injection, tertiary large dock water injection and quaternary large dock water injection is performed; and after ship ballasting is finished completely, water is injected into a large dock again till the water is 4.6 to 4.8 meters deep. The undock ballasting method is used in a '3 building method', realizes maximum utilization of dock resources, improves the utilization rate of docks and reduces an in-dock ship building period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shipbuilding method, especially a kind of ballast method of undocking is specially adapted to the construction of Panamax bulk carrier in the dock, belongs to dock method of construction technical field.
Background technology
The dock ship building receive between boats and ships and boats and ships and dock wall between the influence of many restraining factors such as minimum spacing, boats and ships lift-launch, vessel coating, ship undocking; For example mutual minimum spacing; Each enterprise and research institution are rule of thumb thought before; In the depressed place between ship minimum spacing should remain on 3-4 rice, industry is also generally approved this spacing, thinks and dwindles spacing again; To propose higher requirement to lift-launch, application, work such as undock, and need special demonstration to solve.
Shandong, capital ship industry Dockmaster is 369 meters, and span is 102 meters, 75200 deadweight cargo tonnagies Panama bulge carrier of accepting, and the captain is 225 meters, 32.26 meters of the beam.In such cases, if adopt " 2+2 construction method ", two whole ships add two and half ships, and big depressed place space waste is bigger, and resource can not be utilized effectively.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists; A kind of scientific and reasonable technology of building is provided, can gives full play to construction facilities potential, increase substantially the dock degree of utilization; Enhance productivity the ballast method of undocking in the ship building of shortening shipbuilding period.
The present invention adopts " 3+3 construction method ", and three whole ships add three and half ships, builds 3 whole ships so simultaneously in the dock front portion, and the space is 1.2m, builds three and half ships simultaneously at the dock rear portion, and the space also is 1.2m.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of shipbuilding method is built three whole ships simultaneously in the dock front portion, three whole ship spaces are 1.2 meters; Build three stern half ships simultaneously at the dock rear portion; Three stern half ship spaces are 1.2 meters, and three whole ships close up and descend water to undock successively after finishing, and carry out under-water operation; After three whole launching a ship, three stern half ships are moved to the dock front portion, keep 1.2 meters at interval, at this moment, three stern half ships get into the construction phase of three whole ships, carry out the construction of three new stern half ships simultaneously at the dock rear portion.
Concrete method of construction is following
One, carries technology path
The boats and ships spacing is under 1.2 meters situation, and construction surface is controlled, effectively launched to realization lift-launch process precision.
Two, application techniques route
The boats and ships spacing is accomplished vessel coating paint and is ventilated under 1.2 meters situation.
Three, technology path undocks, floats, is shifted
(1) the ballast scheme of undocking
Ballast for cruising is the boundary with the water filling of big depressed place, is divided into for two megastages to carry out, and each stage ballast carries out one by one.
F/s: after floating ballast tank possesses the setting-out condition, as yet not during water filling, just boats and ships are shifted to an earlier date appropriate ballast in big depressed place.
Subordinate phase: accomplish follow-up ballast again after the big depressed place water filling.
Specifically be embodied as
1, before the big depressed place water filling, the F/s ballast
(1), stern half ship ballast (this stage stern half ship ballast terminates)
A, middle ship 10 are only to No 5 cargo hold setting-out, the about 540-560T of ballast amount, about 4.0-4.2h of ballast time.
B, eastern ship 11 are to No 5 cargo holds, No 6 cargo hold ballasts, wherein: the about 590-610T of No 5 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.4-4.6h of ballast time; The about 990-1100T of No 6 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.9-5.1h of ballast time.
C, western ship 12 are to No 5, No 6 cargo hold ballasts, wherein: the about 490-510T of No 5 cargo hold setting-out, about 3.6-3.8h of ballast time; After this cabin ballast puts in place flexible pipe is transferred to No 6 cargo hold ballasts; The about 1120-1140T of No 6 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.9-5.1h of ballast time.
(2), complete ship ballast (three ships are identical)
The NO 1 cargo hold setting-out amount of A, each whole ship is controlled at the 1150-1170 ton, and the ballast time is 6-8 hour;
The NO 3 cargo hold setting-out amounts of B, each whole ship are controlled at the 1020-1040 ton, and the ballast time is 6.3-6.5 hour.
2, after the big depressed place water filling, the subordinate phase ballast
(1), big depressed place water filling for the first time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 3.3-3.5m in (1) depressed place; (2) the about 1.6m～1.72m of drauht.
After the dock chamber water filling, three whole ship ballasts (three ships the are identical) first time
The about 740-760 ton of No 1 cargo hold setting-out of A, each whole ship, about 2.3-2.8 of ballast time hour.So far No 1 cargo hold setting-out 1890-1930 ton.
The NO 3 cargo hold setting-out amounts of B, each whole ship are controlled at the 560-580 ton, and the ballast time is 2.0-2.3 hour, and at this moment, NO 3 setting-out put in place; If the setting-out hose length is enough, can flexible pipe be moved to No 1 cargo hold setting-out.
(2), big depressed place water filling for the second time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 4.0-4.2m in (1) depressed place; (2) the about 2.3m～2.42m of drauht, ship rises floating.
After the dock chamber water filling, three whole ship ballasts (three ships the are identical) second time
The NO 1 cargo hold setting-out amount of each whole ship is controlled at the 361-381 ton, and the ballast time is 0.6-0.8 hour, and at this moment, NO 1 cargo hold is setting-out 2251-2311 ton.
(3), big depressed place water filling for the third time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 4.4-4.6m in (1) depressed place; (2) the about 2.7m～2.82m of drauht; Stern half ship all floats, and notes band cable control accommodation.
After the dock chamber water filling, whole ship is ballast for the third time
The NO 1 cargo hold setting-out amount of each whole ship is controlled at the 310-320 ton, and the ballast time is 0.5-0.7 hour, and at this moment, NO 1 cargo hold is setting-out 2561-2631 ton.
(4), big the 4th water filling in depressed place
After ballast for cruising was all over, big depressed place was filled to water gauge 4.6-4.8 rice once more.
(5), other work
After A, ballast for cruising finish, remove the ballast flexible pipe.And be that three stern half ships are equipped with an accent year pump.
B, accomplish the floating dead works of undocking such as boats and ships leveling, colligation, connection, anti-collision, band cable, wait for floating opportunity, opportunity is when suitable, dock chamber water filling once more, and complete ship rises floating (noting band cable control accommodation), opens dock gate, and the tugboat traction implements to undock operation.
(2) showy crashproof scheme:
Prevent each other when water filling in boatbuilding oceangoing ship depressed place, dolly traction, tugboat traction and collide with the fierceness of dock wall.
(3) scheme of undocking
1, confirm to undock meteorology, sea situation and the waters requirement of operation
2, dock gate opens and closes program
Each item dead work is accomplished before dock gate opens and closes; When dock gate is in shape; By the unified instruction of on scene commander, operating personals such as each winch are in place, according to " accompanying drawing " signal and procedure operation; Dock gate 20 displacement is leaned against bank, dock entrance west side and fastens hawser, and 20 of dock gates are floating, displacement, reset operation specific procedure are:
(1) each hawser is put in place according to the shown position layout;
(2) slowly loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up simultaneously 3# hawser 15,4# hawser 16,5# hawser 17,6# hawser 18, ineffective up to 3# hawser 15,6# hawser 18;
(3) be with 7# hawser 19 according to diagram, 6# hawser 18 is moved on to by the checking bollard on the west bank dock gate 20; Separate and abandon 3# hawser 15;
(4) continue slowly to loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up 4 # hawser 16,5 # hawser 17,7# hawser 19 simultaneously, slowly dock gate 20 is shifted out the road junction, depressed place;
(5) continue slowly to loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up 4 # hawser 16,5# hawser 17,7# hawser 19; Prevent that especially dock gate 20 end walls and bank angle from bumping;
(6) continue slowly to loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up 4# hawser 16,5# hawser 17,7# hawser 19; Separate and abandon 6# hawser 18;
(7) dock gate 20 and the insurance cable on the harbour are fastened after, separate and abandon 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14.
After ship undocked in the depressed place, resetting of dock gate 20 moved with reference to the reverse procedure of former displacement.
Article three, after whole ship undocks, should clear up dock gate 20 bottom slab mud and foreign material in the zone of off position immediately, close to guarantee that dock gate 20 resets safely, smoothly.This work should be in the dock gate preceding end that resets.
Dock gate resets when arriving dock sill, adjust the lengthwise position of dock gate 20 and dock gate 20 is adjacent to dock sill, opens dock gate 20 ballast valve then and in dock gate, annotates ballast water dock gate is steadily sunk.If the heel of direction in the depressed place takes place dock gate 20, should utilize interim ballast it to be set upright or omit heel outside the depressed place.
After dock gate 20 sinkings were in place, inspection dock gate 20 overall condition were closed the ballast valve of side direction in dock chamber water filling through way valve and the depressed place then, and are begun the water in effluxing dock chamber.
3, the operating sequence that undocks
(1) accomplish each item dead work before the dock chamber water filling, three stern half ships are tied to one, two in three whole ships are tied to one, and another is waited to move, and the anti-collision back cushion is installed between ship and the ship; Accomplish the checking bollard of each heaving pile on the ship and the operation that the ship dolly is drawn on the limit, depressed place.
(2) satisfy dock gate when displacement when water level in the depressed place, according to " dock gate keying program " the dock gate displacement is pulled in to shore, wait to move boats and ships depressed place internal shift and adopt mooring winch 3 tractions, the mode of draw ship dolly 1 for No., drawing ship dolly 2 monolateral control accommodations for No. two is carried out; Draw the ship dolly and be distributed in ship midship, stern, its position keeps two hawsers substantially parallel mutually.
(3) control shipping agency speed, accomplish mooring winch folding and unfolding cable with winch, draw the preceding line speed of ship dolly and cooperate; Take the anticollision measure during shipping agency to road junction, depressed place, the displacement of control boats and ships prevents that hull and bulkhead wall from bumping.
(4) when waiting that the stem that moves boats and ships arrives at the road junction, depressed place; When No. one mooring winch 3 loses draw, separate and abandon tracting cable, a tugboat 4 (traction tugboat) is at stem band cable; Drawing ship continues to move ahead; No. two tugboats 5 (control) are the starboard band cable in the ship bow part zone simultaneously, and the control accommodation makes it and can not collide with bulkhead wall or not moving ship.
(5) when 2/3 of boats and ships length shifts out the dock gate mouth, No. three tugboats 6 (control) are starboard band cable in ship stern zone, collaborative No. two tugboats 5 common control accommodations.
(6) when drawing ship dolly 1 for No. one, drawing ship dolly 2 for No. two separately during the approaching end of run; In time remove and draw the control hawser between ship dolly and the boats and ships; Draw ship dolly 1 for No. one, to draw ship dolly 2 No. two out of service, two draw the ship dolly and remove the control tow after, move the ship operation and implement by the tugboat traction.
(7) after first boats and ships undocks fully; Untie the binding between second and third ship, second boats and ships to be moved are moved to the position before first ship moves, then by move mode in the depressed place of first ship; Boats and ships are moved to road junction, depressed place heaving pile, undock by the tugboat traction.
After (8) second ships undock fully; The 3rd ship be at former mooring bank place, by move mode in the depressed place of first ship, through draw ship dolly 7 for No. three, draw ship dolly 8 and No. two mooring winches 9 and tugboat 4 for No. four, No. two tugboats 5, No. three tugboats 6 move to the road junction, depressed place; Heaving pile is undocked by the tugboat traction.
(9) after the 3rd boats and ships undocked fully, under the control of tugboat, nearby berthed in the appropriate location, marine site, treat that dock gate resets after, again ship is moved to soil harbour east bank and stops mooring.
(4) the three and half ships pier that is shifted
1, three and half ships are shifted and take the whole scheme that moves, and three ships connect through tow, and integral body drags through drawing the ship dolly, and integral body moves forward to assigned address.
2, fall pier location of three and half ships
The depressed place bank is provided with the stationary positioned device, and the dock bottom is provided with showy registration device, measures and fixing three and half ship positions.
3, half ship off-load combines with big depressed place draining, realizes the three and half ships pier that accurately falls.
A kind of shipbuilding method of the present invention adopts " 3+3 construction method ", and three whole ships add three and half ships, build 3 whole ships so simultaneously in the dock front portion; The space is 1.2m, builds three and half ships simultaneously at the dock rear portion, and the space is 1.2m still, maximally utilises the dock resource; Improve the degree of utilization of dock, shorten shipbuilding period in the depressed place, carrying with big depressed place is the center; General assembly shipbuilding has continuously realized the great innovation of shipbuilding method, has started the beginning in this field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the scheme drawing of boats and ships layout in the dock;
Fig. 2: the structural representation of the step in the operating sequence that undocks (1);
Fig. 3: the structural representation of the step in the operating sequence that undocks (2), (3);
Fig. 4: the structural representation of the step in the operating sequence that undocks (4), (5), (6);
Fig. 5: the structural representation of the step in the operating sequence that undocks (7);
Fig. 6: the structural representation of the step in the operating sequence that undocks (8), (9)
Fig. 7: the scheme drawing of dock gate and dock present position before dock gate is opened;
Fig. 8: the scheme drawing of each hawser location layout before dock gate is opened;
Fig. 9: the structural representation of step (2) in the dock gate keying program;
Figure 10: the structural representation of step (3) in the dock gate keying program;
Figure 11: the structural representation of step (4) in the dock gate keying program;
Figure 12: the structural representation of step (5) in the dock gate keying program;
Figure 13: the structural representation of step (6) in the dock gate keying program;
Figure 14: the structural representation of step (7) in the dock gate keying program.
Among the figure: 1, draw the ship dolly No. one, draw the ship dolly, 3, mooring winches, 4, tugboats, 5, No. two tugboats 2, No. two; 6, No. three tugboats draw the ship dolly 7, No. three, draw the ship dolly 8, No. four, 9, No. two mooring winches, 10, middle ship; 11, eastern ship, 12, western ship, 13, the 1# hawser, 14, the 2# hawser, 15, the 3# hawser; 16,4# hawser, 17, the 5# hawser, 18, the 6# hawser, 19, the 7# hawser, 20, dock gate.
The specific embodiment
Provide the specific embodiment of the invention below with reference to accompanying drawing, formation of the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment 1
A kind of shipbuilding method of present embodiment, technology path
One, carries technology path
Under the situation that the boats and ships spacing is 1.2 meters, confirm the precision control in the lift-launch process and how effectively to launch construction surface.
1.1 improve the fabricating quality of segmentation, improve the magnitude of control, the closely spaced flat section of hull to be carried out no surplus make, no surplus is carried.
1.2 the control of the precision when improving lifting particularly lifts the special highly difficult segmentation in position to part, studies and defines Hoisting Program, accurately implements.
1.3 take to hang modes such as blue construction, solve the unfavorable expansion problems of driving surface under the little situation of spacing.
Two, application techniques route
Need vessel coating to construct in " 3+3 ship building method " in little spacing.
2.1 accomplish under 1.2 meters spacer conditions, application paint ventilates.
2.1.1 according to different climatic conditions, adopt safeguards such as blower ventilation, heater unit temperature raising, oil paint coating is obtained same perfect performance and effect under the little spacer conditions.
2.1.2 the employing of ship side paint is hung blue mode and is constructed, and through improving work efficiency, realizes with the balanced application in position.
2.1.3 adopt construction method multiple batches of, the small size application, make the influence of application ventilation options drop to minimum.
2.1.4 the air-dry time of proper extension application paint guarantees painting effect.
2.2 accomplish under 1.2 meters spacer conditions the eliminating of application paint constellation between boats and ships.
2.2.1 subregion, branch time period construct, and avoid influencing each other.
2.2.2 satisfy under the situation of node plan, correction technique is according to specifications, scientific and reasonable arrangement application order is avoided mutual influence.
2.2.3 in the work progress, use suitable material that achievement is protected, both avoided influencing each other, prevent that again follow-up project under construction from damaging coating project.
Three, technology path undocks, floats, is shifted
(1) the ballast scheme of undocking
The level that is implemented in the boatbuilding oceangoing ship is floated, guarantee under the little spacer conditions of boatbuilding oceangoing ship, not take place each other and with the collision on limit, depressed place, docking block does not take place topple over the later half ship of the influence situation such as pier that fall.
For guaranteeing the balance ballast and shorten the ballast time, ballast for cruising is the boundary line with the water filling of big depressed place, is divided into for two megastages to carry out, and each stage ballast carries out one by one.
(1) F/s: after floating ballast tank possesses the setting-out condition, as yet not during water filling, just boats and ships are shifted to an earlier date appropriate ballast in big depressed place.
(2) subordinate phase: accomplish follow-up ballast again after the big depressed place water filling.
Ballast pump is rated discharge 1200m
3/ h, lift 16.2m, two.Utilize big depressed place gallery seawater pipeline to be equipped with flexible pipe again and press seawater to boats and ships.
1, before the big depressed place water filling, the F/s ballast
(1), stern half ship ballast (this stage stern half ship ballast terminates)
A, middle ship 10 are only to No 5 cargo hold setting-out, the about 540-560T of ballast amount, about 4.0-4.2h of ballast time.
B, eastern ship 11 are to No 5 cargo holds, No 6 cargo hold ballasts, wherein: the about 590-610T of No 5 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.4-4.6h of ballast time; The about 990-1100T of No 6 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.9-5.1h of ballast time.
C, western ship 12 are to No 5, No 6 cargo hold ballasts, wherein: the about 490-510T of No 5 cargo hold setting-out, about 3.6-3.8h of ballast time; After this cabin ballast puts in place flexible pipe is transferred to No 6 cargo hold ballasts; The about 1120-1140T of No 6 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.9-5.1h of ballast time.
D, each stern half ship ballast pipe are equipped with like table one: table one
(2), complete ship ballast (three ships are identical)
A, NO 1 cargo hold setting-out amount are controlled at the 1150-1170 ton, and the ballast time is 6-8 hour;
B, NO 3 cargo hold setting-out amounts are controlled at the 1020-1040 ton, and the ballast time is 6.3-6.5 hour.
C, the every ship of complete ship are equipped with ballast Guan Rubiao two: table two
| The ballast position | No 1 | No | 3 cargo holds |
| |
2 | 2 |
2, after the big depressed place water filling, the subordinate phase ballast
(1), big depressed place water filling for the first time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 3.3-3.5m in (1) depressed place; (2) the about 1.6m～1.72m of drauht.
After the dock chamber water filling, whole ship is ballast for the first time
A, the about 740-760 ton of No 1 cargo hold setting-out, about 2.3-2.8 of ballast time hour.So far No 1 cargo hold setting-out 1890-1930 ton.
B, NO 3 cargo hold setting-out amounts are controlled at the 560-580 ton, and the ballast time is 2.0-2.3 hour, and at this moment, NO 3 setting-out put in place; If the setting-out hose length is enough, can flexible pipe be moved to No 1 cargo hold setting-out.
(2), big depressed place water filling for the second time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 4.0-4.2m in (1) depressed place; (2) the about 2.3m～2.42m of drauht.
After the dock chamber water filling, whole ship is ballast for the second time
NO 1 cargo hold setting-out amount is controlled at the 361-381 ton, and the ballast time is 0.6-0.8 hour, and at this moment, NO 1 cargo hold is setting-out 2251-2311 ton.
(3), big depressed place water filling for the third time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 4.4-4.6m in (1) depressed place; (2) the about 2.7m～2.82m of drauht;
After the dock chamber water filling, whole ship is ballast for the third time
NO 1 cargo hold setting-out amount is controlled at the 310-320 ton, and the ballast time is 0.5-0.7 hour, and at this moment, NO 1 cargo hold is setting-out 2561-2631 ton.
(4), big the 4th water filling in depressed place
After ballast for cruising was all over, big depressed place was filled to water gauge 4.6-4.8 rice once more.
(5), other work
After A, ballast for cruising finish, remove the ballast flexible pipe.
And be that three stern half ships are equipped with an accent year pump.Transferring a year pump capacity is 100m3/h, and lift is not less than 22m.Every ship is equipped with as follows:
B, accomplish the floating dead works of undocking such as boats and ships leveling, colligation, connection, anti-collision, band cable, wait for floating opportunity, opportunity is when suitable, dock chamber water filling once more, and complete ship rises floating (noting band cable control accommodation), opens dock gate, and the tugboat traction implements to undock operation.
(2) showy crashproof scheme
Preventing each other and collide with the fierceness of dock wall when water filling in boatbuilding oceangoing ship depressed place, dolly traction, tugboat traction is the key of floating and undocking, and is also determining the success or not of " 3+3 ship building method ".
1, according to the stressed variation of each position of hull in each stage, position such as the side of a ship and dock wall is provided with and leans on fixedly anti-collision facility such as ball, fender outside boats and ships; And be aided with the artificial hand-held ball that bumps, according to field condition protection boats and ships.
2, according to float, different conditions requirement such as traction, between boats and ships, implement group and prick fixingly, keep the fixing of boats and ships relative position, crash-avoidance.
3, according to float, different conditions requirement such as traction, use tow and wire hawser to fix at different parts respectively, realize controlled displacement, prevent to collide.
(3) scheme of undocking
Research in meteorology, sea situation, waters, monolateral traction, the dolly traction of boatbuilding operation of undocking under 1.2 meters the extra small spacer conditions only and between the dock wall, three ships, drive concrete operations details such as winch uses, tugboat traction, the formulation ship technology of undocking.
Meteorology, sea situation and the waters requirement of 1, undocking and operating
1.1 wind-force is not more than 5 grades.
1.2 generally, tidal height is not required.
1.3 dock gate operating area charted depth is greater than 7.5m.
1.4 move the ship operating area and the harbour charted depth of mooring a boat greater than 6.0m.
1.5 require system's depth measurement is carried out in the diagram marine site, and remove the seabed obstacle.
2, dock gate opens and closes program
2.1 dead work:
2.1.1 dock gate is outer, regional mud of bottom slab and foreign material are removed.
2.1.2 dock gate power supply, automatically controlled, Lighting System, water filling, draining and ballasting system are in serviceable condition.
2.1.3 big depressed place pump house relevant device and system are in serviceable condition.
2.1.4 traction dock gate winch, traction rigging are in intact mode of operation.
2.1.5 dock gate is adjusted the ballast layout and is put in place temporarily.
2.1.6 stern half ship and whole ship ballast end-of-job are in and can play floating state.
2.2 that dock gate rises is floating, displacement, reset operation program:
2.2.1 rising to float, dock gate generally carries out in the ebb tide interval.
2.2.2 operate water filling in the depressed place in preceding 3 hours.
2.2.3 after boats and ships had begun to float in the depressed place, the hawser service personnel divided into groups to adjust hawser degree of tightness state at any time, avoids bumping between the boats and ships.Wherein: three stern half ships are connected to become an operation integral body, should remain on original position basically and float, and float back heaving pile, solid ship; Three whole ships by its order of undocking, are respectively to lean on depressed place thing bank.
2.2.4 dock gate rises, and flotation water level and sea water level in the depressed place are basic to carry out when consistent, estimates that accurately the dock gate ballast water discharges the required time, it is floating that dock gate is risen on time.
2.2.5 the dock gate ballast water soon arranged with the dock gate floating-upward process in, observe the dock gate come-up dynamically, as occur that dock gate is vertical, during the excessive sign of heel, should adjust the drainage speed in each cabin, or adjust with ballast.
2.2.6 all rise floatingly when reaching the regulation waterline at dock gate, close dewatering pump and adjusting control dock gate to avoid and the wing wall direct impact with its light draft.
2.2.7 when dock gate was in shape, by the unified instruction of on scene commander, operating personals such as each winch were in place, according to " accompanying drawing " signal and procedure operation, the dock gate displacement leaned against bank, dock entrance west side and fastened hawser, specific procedure is:
(1) each hawser is put in place according to the shown position layout;
(2) slowly loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up simultaneously 3# hawser 15,4 # hawser 16,5# hawser 17,6# hawser 18, ineffective up to 3# hawser 15,6# hawser 18;
(3) be with 7# hawser 19 according to diagram, 6# hawser 18 is moved on to by the checking bollard on the west bank dock gate 20.Separate and abandon 3# hawser 15;
(4) continue slowly to loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up 4 # hawser 16,5 # hawser 17,7# hawser 19 simultaneously, slowly dock gate 20 is shifted out the road junction, depressed place;
(5) continue slowly to loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up 4 # hawser 16,5 # hawser 17,7# hawser 19; Prevent that especially dock gate 20 end walls and bank angle from bumping;
(6) continue slowly to loosen 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14, slowly tighten up 4 # hawser 16,5 # hawser 17,7# hawser 19; Separate and abandon 6# hawser 18;
(7) dock gate 20 and the insurance cable on the harbour are fastened after, separate and abandon 1 # hawser 13,2# hawser 14.
2.2.8 after ship undocked in the depressed place, resetting of dock gate moved with reference to the reverse procedure of former displacement.
2.2.9 after three whole ship undocks, should clear up dock gate bottom slab mud and foreign material in the zone of off position immediately, with assurance dock gate safety, reset and close smoothly.This work should be in the dock gate preceding end that resets.
2.2.10 dock gate resets when arriving dock sill, adjust the lengthwise position of dock gate and dock gate is adjacent to dock sill, opens the dock gate ballast valve then and in dock gate, annotates ballast water dock gate is steadily sunk.If the heel of direction in the depressed place takes place dock gate, should utilize interim ballast it to be set upright or omit heel outside the depressed place.
2.2.11 after the dock gate sinking was in place, inspection dock gate overall condition was closed the ballast valve of side direction in dock chamber water filling through way valve and the depressed place then, and is begun the water in effluxing dock chamber.
3, the operating sequence that undocks
3.1 the dead work before the dock chamber water filling:
Fortification finish and affirmation 3.1.1 must finish before the dock chamber water filling.
3.1.2 plancon and clump effective is connected and checks affirmation, prevents floatingly, damages the later half ship pier that is shifted.
3.1.3 mooring facilities is in place on the ship, and is safe and reliable.
3.1.4 dock gate operating system meets the demands with big depressed place drainage system.
3.1.5 complete being in place of anti-collision protection pad on the dock chamber thing dock wall.
Remove and undock 3.1.6 dock bottom, gallery possibly influence obstacle that safety of ship undocks.
3.1.7 stern half ship, whole ship binding, connection, the anti-collision back cushion is in place between ship and the ship.Article three, the binding of stern half ship is as a whole; Article three, two in the complete ship tie as a whole.Go forward side by side sector-style to research, confirm concrete mode according to the difference time of undocking.
In addition, the anti-collision back cushion requires to be provided with by following between ship:
(1) between the ship side outside plate, by height two arranged.
(2) the anti-collision protection also must be done in the end of castle operator's compartment outside extendible portion.
3.1.8 the shipboard operation passage is unimpeded, exceeds beam object and removes, and possibly move thing and fix.
3.1.9 move boat equipment, winch performance test assurance operation effectively, the hawser mooring puts in place.
The object of operation is removed 3.1.10 the influence of dock both sides is undocked, and keeps the unimpeded affirmation of operation path.
3.1.11 tugboat and pilot's safety behaviour ship program validation.
3.2 boats and ships rise to float with ship undocking and move the ship operating sequence in the depressed place:
3.2.1 three stern half ships are tied to one, and two in three whole ships are tied to one, another is waited to move, and the anti-collision back cushion is installed between ship and the ship; Accomplish the checking bollard of each heaving pile on the ship and the operation that the ship dolly is drawn on the limit, depressed place.
3.2.2, the dock gate displacement is pulled in to shore according to " dock gate keying program " when water level in the depressed place satisfies dock gate when displacement, to wait to move boats and ships depressed place internal shift and adopt mooring winch 3 tractions, the mode of draw ship dolly 1 for No., drawing ship dolly 2 monolateral control accommodations for No. two is carried out; Draw the ship dolly and be distributed in ship midship, stern, its position keeps two hawsers substantially parallel mutually.
3.2.3 control shipping agency speed, accomplish mooring winch folding and unfolding cable with winch, draw the preceding line speed of ship dolly and cooperate; Take the anticollision measure during shipping agency to road junction, depressed place, the displacement of control boats and ships prevents that hull and bulkhead wall from bumping.
3.2.4 when waiting that the stem that moves boats and ships arrives at the road junction, depressed place; When No. one mooring winch 3 loses draw, separate and abandon tracting cable, a tugboat 4 (traction tugboat) is at stem band cable; Drawing ship continues to move ahead; No. two tugboats 5 (control) are the starboard band cable in the ship bow part zone simultaneously, and the control accommodation makes it and can not collide with bulkhead wall or not moving ship.
3.2.5 when 2/3 of boats and ships length shifted out the dock gate mouth, No. three tugboats 6 (control) are starboard band cable in ship stern zone, collaborative No. two tugboats 5 common control accommodations.
3.2.6 when drawing ship dolly 1 for No. one, drawing ship dolly 2 for No. two separately during the approaching end of run; In time remove and draw the control hawser between ship dolly and the boats and ships; Draw ship dolly 1 for No. one, to draw ship dolly 2 No. two out of service, two draw the ship dolly and remove the control tow after, move the ship operation and implement by the tugboat traction.
3.2.7 after first boats and ships undocks fully; Untie the binding between second and third ship, second boats and ships to be moved are moved to the position before first ship moves, then by move mode in the depressed place of first ship; Boats and ships are moved to road junction, depressed place heaving pile, undock by the tugboat traction.
After 3.2.8 second ship undocks fully; The 3rd ship is at former mooring bank place; By move mode in the depressed place of first ship; Through draw ship dolly 7 for No. three, draw ship dolly 8 and No. two mooring winches 9 and tugboat 4 for No. four, No. two tugboats 5, No. three tugboats 6 move to the road junction, depressed place, heaving pile is undocked by the tugboat traction.
3.2.9 after the 3rd boats and ships undocked fully, under the control of tugboat, nearby berthed in the appropriate location, marine site, treat that dock gate resets after, again ship is moved to soil harbour east bank and stops mooring.
(4) the three and half ships pier that is shifted
Take the whole scheme that moves 3.4.1 three and half ships are shifted, three ships connect through tow, and integral body drags through drawing the ship dolly, and integral body moves forward to assigned address.
The pier location 3.4.2 three and half ships fall
3.4.2.1 the depressed place bank is provided with the stationary positioned device.
3.4.2.2 the dock bottom is provided with showy registration device.
3.4.2.3 measure and fixing three and half ship positions.
3.4.3 half ship off-load combines with big depressed place draining, realizes the three and half ships pier that accurately falls.
The shipbuilding method of present embodiment; Successfully solved between boats and ships lift-launch, application under 1.2 meters extra small spacings, floated, undocked, technical barrier such as displacement, be applicable to that the batch of Panamax bulk carrier in my company's 30 ton dry docks of 75000DWT tonnage grade built.Three whole ships and three and half ships are built at dock simultaneously, three whole ships close up finish after, " three ships undock simultaneously " of successfully realizing the 75200DWT large ship with water at present, carried out under-water operation then; Article three, after whole the launching a ship, three and half ships are moved to the dock front portion, keep 1.2m at interval, then three and half ships are got into the construction phase of three whole ships; Carry out the construction of three and half new ships simultaneously at the dock rear portion.
Compare with traditional " 2+2 ship building method "; According to " 3+3 ship building method ", maximally utilised the dock resource, the ability of building this type ship oceangoing ship promotes greatly; The same depressed place phase builds boats and ships quantity and brings up to 3 wholely 3 half from 2 whole 2 half, and the dock construction surface improves 50%.Opened a dock gate according to 4 months and calculate, build boats and ships in the annual depressed place and increase to 3 half ships of 9 whole ships from 2 half ships of 6 whole ships, the ship building tonnage reaches 789600 deadweight cargo tonnagies from 526400 deadweight cargo tonnagies in the depressed place; Increase by 263200 deadweight cargo tonnagies, output improves 50%, if further improve operating efficiency in the depressed place; Shorten production cycle in the depressed place; Can reach the target of opening a dock gate in 3 months, build boats and ships in the annual depressed place and can reach 3 half ships of 12 whole ships, single depressed place yearly output is 1015200 deadweight cargo tonnagies.
Claims (1)
1. the ballast method of undocking in the ship building is characterized in that comprising the steps
Before the big depressed place water filling, the F/s ballast
(1), stern half ship ballast
A, middle ship (10) be only to No.5 cargo hold setting-out, the about 540-560T of ballast amount, about 4.0-4.2h of ballast time;
B, eastern ship (11) are to No.5 cargo hold, No.6 cargo hold ballast, wherein: the about 590-610T of No.5 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.4-4.6h of ballast time; The about 990-1100T of No.6 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.9-5.1h of ballast time;
C, western ship (12) are to No.5, No.6 cargo hold ballast, wherein: the about 490-510T of No.5 cargo hold setting-out, about 3.6-3.8h of ballast time; After this cabin ballast puts in place flexible pipe is transferred to No.6 cargo hold ballast; The about 1120-1140T of No.6 cargo hold setting-out, about 4.9-5.1h of ballast time;
(2), complete ship ballast, three ships are identical
The N0.1 cargo hold setting-out amount of A, each whole ship is controlled at the 1150-1170 ton, and the ballast time is 6-8 hour;
The NO.3 cargo hold setting-out amount of B, each whole ship is controlled at the 1020-1040 ton, and the ballast time is 6.3-6.5 hour;
After the big depressed place water filling, the subordinate phase ballast
(1), big depressed place water filling for the first time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 3.3-3.5m in the depressed place; About 1.6m～the 1.72m of drauht;
After the dock chamber water filling, three the whole ship ballasts first time, three ships are identical
The about 740-760 ton of No.1 cargo hold setting-out of A, each whole ship, about 2.3-2.8 of ballast time hour; So far No.1 cargo hold setting-out 1890-1930 ton;
The NO.3 cargo hold setting-out amount of B, each whole ship is controlled at the 560-580 ton, and the ballast time is 2.0-2.3 hour, and at this moment, the NO.3 setting-out puts in place; If the setting-out hose length is enough, flexible pipe is moved to No.1 cargo hold setting-out;
(2), big depressed place water filling for the second time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 4.0-4.2m in the depressed place; About 2.3m～the 2.42m of drauht, ship rises floating;
After the dock chamber water filling, three the whole ship ballasts second time, three ships are identical
The NO.1 cargo hold setting-out amount of each whole ship is controlled at the 361-381 ton, and the ballast time is 0.6-0.8 hour, and at this moment, the NO.1 cargo hold is setting-out 2251-2311 ton;
(3), big depressed place water filling for the third time
Water filling in the depressed place: the depth of water is to water gauge 4.4-4.6m in (1) depressed place; (2) the about 2.7m～2.82m of drauht; Stern half ship all floats, and notes band cable control accommodation;
After the dock chamber water filling, whole ship is ballast for the third time
The NO.1 cargo hold setting-out amount of each whole ship is controlled at the 310-320 ton, and the ballast time is 0.5-0.7 hour, and at this moment, the NO.1 cargo hold is setting-out 2561-2631 ton;
(4), big the 4th water filling in depressed place
After ballast for cruising was all over, big depressed place was filled to water gauge 4.6-4.8 rice once more;
Above-mentioned Dockmaster is 369 meters, and span is 102 meters, and the ship type is 75200 deadweight cargo tonnagies Panama bulge carrier; The captain is 225 meters, and 32.26 meters of the beam are built 3 whole ships simultaneously in the dock front portion; The space is 1.2m, builds three and half ships simultaneously at the dock rear portion, and the space also is 1.2m.
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| CN102826200A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2012-12-19 | 中海工业(江苏)有限公司 | Method for multiple ships to simultaneously undock |
| CN102897298B (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | 蓬莱中柏京鲁船业有限公司 | Method for floating, forward shifting, positioning and sitting three bow-stern semi ships in dock |
| CN102963509B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2016-05-18 | 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 | The traction method that 300000 dry docks construction in parallel ship undocks |
| CN105253269A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-20 | 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 | Ship afloat in dock undocking method based on step-by-step ballasting |
| CN105366012A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-02 | 广船国际有限公司 | Ship undocking method |
| CN107444567B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-04-23 | 广船国际有限公司 | A kind of Strength Testing Methods of ultra large crude carrier |
| CN107539439A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-05 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | The method for preventing half ship floating in dock |
| CN110758672A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏扬子鑫福造船有限公司 | Method for quickly and integrally shifting and falling two large semi-floating ships |
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| CN113186956B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-11-29 | 中交第四航务工程局有限公司 | Construction method for floating installation of dock gate and construction method for floating deposition of dock gate |
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