CN101918685B - 排气消音器 - Google Patents

排气消音器 Download PDF

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CN101918685B
CN101918685B CN2009801016659A CN200980101665A CN101918685B CN 101918685 B CN101918685 B CN 101918685B CN 2009801016659 A CN2009801016659 A CN 2009801016659A CN 200980101665 A CN200980101665 A CN 200980101665A CN 101918685 B CN101918685 B CN 101918685B
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exhaust
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利夫·拉尔森
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/0335—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/10—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/082—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases passing through porous members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/083—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using transversal baffles defining a tortuous path for the gases or successively throttling gas flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/084—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/086—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases
    • F01N1/088—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases using vanes arranged on gas flow path or gas flow tubes with tangentially directed apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

一种内燃机排气消音器，该消音器包括待连接到排气管的壳体(1)，排气布置成被引导穿过该壳体，并且该壳体在排气流动方向上包括反应部(2)和吸收部(3)。反应部(2)大体中空并包括在其入口处的第一排气管(5)和在其出口处的第二排气管(6)，所述第一排气管用于将排气供应至反应部(2)，所述第二排气管用于将排气从反应部(2)引向吸收部(3)，这两个排气管(5，6)被布置成基本在所述壳体的反应部(2)内延伸。所述吸收部(3)包括吸收性填充元件(7)，所述填充元件基本填充所述壳体的所述吸收部(3)，并且在所述吸收部(3)的入口处成形为将排气引向该填充元件(7)与所述壳体(1)的内衬之间的空间(8)。

Description

排气消音器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种排气消音器，其包括待与排气管相连的壳体，排气布置成穿过壳体输送，所述壳体沿排气流动方向包括反应部和吸收部。
背景技术
大型内燃机会产生多种噪音，这些噪音中一个重要来源就是发动机的排气噪音，排气噪音主要是由发动机的各气缸与室外空气间的压力波动引起的。已公知与排气歧管或排气管相连的各种消音器。问题是如何使充分有效的噪音抑制与不会在排气系统中产生过高背压、相对简单且成本有效的结构相联系。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于对上述尤其与大型内燃机的排气噪音抑制相关的问题提供一种改进方案。具体地说，本发明的目的在于提供一种排气消音器，其以在结构上有利的方式尽可能有效地消除各种频率的声频噪音。本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种还能够净化排气的消音器。
本发明的这些目的主要以根据本发明第一方面和其它方面详细描述的方式实现。根据本发明第一方面，消音器的反应部大体中空，并包括在其入口处的第一排气管和在其出口处的第二排气管，所述第一排气管用于将排气供应到所述反应部，所述第二排气管用于将排气从所述反应部引向所述吸收部，这两个排气管被布置成基本在所述壳体的所述反应部内延伸。所述吸收部包括吸收性填充元件，所述填充元件基本填充所述壳体的所述吸收部，并且在所述吸收部的入口处成形为将排气引向该填充元件与所述壳体的内衬之间的空间。
根据本发明的结构在尽可能简单的同时能够用于有效地抑制低、中、高频发动机排气噪音。就排气系统引起的总体背压而言本方案也是有利的。
所述第一和第二排气管的尺寸优选设定为利用声波的相互抑制干涉来抑制最低频率的排气噪音。在这样的情况下，所述第一排气管与第二排气管的彼此相对地定位的管口布置成相互隔开一定距离。实际上，所述第一排气管在所述反应部内延伸该反应部的总长度的大约四分之一。相应地，所述第二排气管在所述反应部内延伸该反应部的总长度的大约二分之一。
通过在反应部和吸收部之间设置火花猝灭装置，可在排气释放到环境中之前有效地分离排气中的烟尘颗粒。在这样的情况下，除了像这样净化排气之外，其目的还在于避免火花窜到排气管外从而避免可能引起火灾的风险。
所述火花猝灭装置优选包括多个径向延伸的板状元件，这些板状元件形成为将排气流引导成绕所述吸收部的所述填充元件旋转运动。通过这种方式，可以在离心力的作用下将烟尘颗粒有效地引导到壳体的内衬上。通过与吸收部相连并在火花猝灭装置之后沿壳体的纵向布置烟尘捕集门，就可回收烟尘颗粒物，并且必要时容易地将烟尘颗粒从壳体移除。
通过朝向壳体的内表面引导排气，可使壳体与填充元件之间的空间与填充元件的直径相比相对较小。这样，空间的总截面积可以保持足够大，从而使得该布局不会使排气消音器的背压增加到相当大的程度。总的来说，就布局来说也改善了中高频噪音的抑制。
为了有效地引导空气，所述填充元件在所述反应部侧优选为尖头形，最优选为圆锥形。
所述填充元件优选主要由矿棉构成，所述矿棉布置在被支撑在所述壳体上的孔板、网等内。
在一种操作情况下，所述壳体优选处于垂直方向，使得排气从下方供应至所述壳体。
附图说明
接下来，通过实施例并参考所附示意图来描述本发明，在附图中：
图1以纵向剖视图示出本发明的排气消音器的一个实施方式；以及
图2为图1的消音器的立体图，其中消音器的壳体被切开并移除了吸收材料。
具体实施方式
附图标记1表示排气消音器的壳体，其与内燃机的排气管相连接并指引排气穿过消音器。壳体1包括沿流动方向依次设置的反应部2和吸收部3。在反应部2和吸收部3之间具有火花猝灭装置4。
反应部2用于抑制低频噪音，其包括第一排气管5以及第二排气管6，排气通过第一排气管5被供应到壳体1内，第二排气管6与第一排气管5间隔一定距离布置，排气穿过第二排气管6、穿过火花猝灭装置4被引至吸收部3，其中中高频排气噪音的抑制则在排气被引出消音器并引入环境中之前提供。
对于低频噪音的吸收来说，第一排气管5在反应部2中延伸反应部2的总长度的大约四分之一。相应地，第二排气管6在反应部2中延伸反应部2的总长度的大约一半。这样，利用声波的相互抑制干涉可以有效地抑制低频噪音。为了提高噪音抑制的有效性，尺寸设计还应考虑内燃机的点火频率、消音器与发动机排气管的直径以及为抑制噪音所做出的相应需求。
吸收部3容纳有填充元件7，填充元件7优选地由矿棉构成，并由支撑在壳体1上的带孔板材、金属丝网等围绕。在靠近反应部2的端部处，填充元件7成锥形，使排气被引向壳体1的内衬与填充元件7之间的空间8中并进一步被引导到外部。
火花猝灭装置4包括多个径向延伸的板状元件9，这些板状元件成形为将排气流引导成绕吸收部的填充元件7旋转运动。这样提供的旋转运动非常适合于向壳体1的内衬引导比排气更重的烟尘颗粒，烟尘颗粒在壳体1的内衬处可容易地回收并通过纵向的烟尘捕集门10从壳体移除。
根据本发明的排气消音器优选具有旋转对称结构，并且根据应用需要可优选被置于竖直方向。在该位置，烟尘门也容易打开且容易被清空。
根据本发明的排气消音器的结构就对排气系统造成的总体背压来说是有利的。而且，能容易地将火花猝灭装置结合到其内部，火花猝灭装置径向向外朝向壳体的内衬引导排气。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，而是可在所附权利要求的范围内考虑各种修改。

Claims (12)

1.一种内燃机排气消音器，该消音器包括待连接到排气管的壳体(1)，排气布置成被引导穿过所述壳体，所述壳体沿排气流动方向包括反应部(2)和吸收部(3)，由此所述反应部(2)大体中空并包括在其入口处的第一排气管(5)和在其出口处的第二排气管(6)，所述第一排气管用于将排气供应到所述反应部(2)，所述第二排气管用于将排气从所述反应部(2)引向所述吸收部(3)，所述第一排气管(5)和第二排气管(6)被布置成基本在所述壳体的所述反应部(2)内延伸，其特征在于所述吸收部(3)包括吸收性填充元件(7)，所述填充元件基本填充所述壳体的所述吸收部(3)，并且在所述吸收部(3)的入口处成形为将排气从所述壳体(1)的中央部引向该填充元件(7)与所述壳体(1)的内衬之间的空间(8)。
2.如权利要求1所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述第一排气管(5)和第二排气管(6)的尺寸设定为利用声波的相互抑制干涉来抑制最低频率的排气噪音。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述第一排气管(5)和第二排气管(6)的彼此相对地定位的管口布置成相互隔开一定距离。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述第一排气管(5)在所述反应部(2)内延伸所述反应部(2)的总长度的大约四分之一。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述第二排气管(6)在所述反应部(2)内延伸所述反应部(2)的总长度的大约一半。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，在所述反应部(2)与所述吸收部(3)之间设有火花猝灭装置(4)。
7.如权利要求6所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述火花猝灭装置(4)包括多个径向延伸的板状元件(9)，这些板状元件成形为将排气流引导成绕所述吸收部(3)的所述填充元件(7)旋转运动。 
8.如权利要求6所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)包括与所述吸收部(3)相连并位于所述火花猝灭装置(4)之后的烟尘捕集门(10)，所述烟尘捕集门沿所述壳体(1)的纵向，用于回收烟尘颗粒并在必要时从所述壳体(1)移除所述烟尘颗粒。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述填充元件(7)在所述反应部(2)侧为尖头形。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述填充元件(7)在所述反应部(2)侧为圆锥形。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，所述填充元件(7)主要由矿棉构成，所述矿棉布置在被支撑在所述壳体(1)上的带孔板材或网内。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的消音器，其特征在于，在一种操作情况下，所述壳体(1)处于垂直方向，使得排气从下方供应至所述壳体(1)。 
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KR200468563Y1 (ko) * 2010-11-03 2013-08-27 대우조선해양 주식회사 선박용 소음저감장치
KR200465750Y1 (ko) * 2011-01-27 2013-03-11 희성촉매 주식회사 Ｄｐｆ가 적용된 집진장치
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CN101918685A (zh) 2010-12-15
FI124220B (fi) 2014-05-15
KR20100097728A (ko) 2010-09-03
WO2009087270A1 (en) 2009-07-16
EP2227621A1 (en) 2010-09-15
KR101483985B1 (ko) 2015-01-19
FI20085013A0 (fi) 2008-01-09

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