CN101917847A - 含烃组合物中改善的腐蚀和微生物控制 - Google Patents
含烃组合物中改善的腐蚀和微生物控制 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101917847A CN101917847A CN200880121740.3A CN200880121740A CN101917847A CN 101917847 A CN101917847 A CN 101917847A CN 200880121740 A CN200880121740 A CN 200880121740A CN 101917847 A CN101917847 A CN 101917847A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- amino
- alkylidene
- arlydene
- amino alcohol
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- -1 2-bromo-2-nitro-1 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- AHZILZSKKSPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminooctan-4-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)C(N)CC AHZILZSKKSPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazolidine Chemical compound C1COCN1 WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC=CC1=O BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- TUBQDCKAWGHZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl thiocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SCSC#N)=NC2=C1 TUBQDCKAWGHZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GQHVWDKJTDUZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-nitrobutyl)morpholine Chemical compound CCC([N+]([O-])=O)CN1CCOCC1 GQHVWDKJTDUZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005644 Dazomet Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dazomet Chemical compound CN1CSC(=S)N(C)C1 QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ABBGMXMPOCXVNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-2-cyanoacetamide Chemical class NC(=O)C(Br)C#N ABBGMXMPOCXVNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- GGIBUBYMTNZISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylmethanol sulfuric acid Chemical compound OCP.OS(O)(=O)=O GGIBUBYMTNZISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazolinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CSN1 MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- YIEDHPBKGZGLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO YIEDHPBKGZGLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- VQKGBMGKTMVKPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-ethyloctan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)C(C)N VQKGBMGKTMVKPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- XNRNJIIJLOFJEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S XNRNJIIJLOFJEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043810 zinc pyrithione Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOILGBPDXMVFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(diiodomethylsulfonyl)-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)C(I)I)C=C1 XOILGBPDXMVFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UOZNVPFVNBRISY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-phenylbutan-1-ol Chemical class CCC(N)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UOZNVPFVNBRISY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FHQBXDQYWIINRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylhexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(C)(C)N FHQBXDQYWIINRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TXRCHGMTTXKTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminohexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(C)N TXRCHGMTTXKTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KIPMDPDAFINLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethanol Chemical compound OCC[N+]([O-])=O KIPMDPDAFINLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UPWLURAENVJIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 UPWLURAENVJIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CZMOVKLQUFOJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl n-(3-iodoprop-1-ynyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)NC#CCI CZMOVKLQUFOJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(Br)(Br)C#N UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
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- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitropropane Chemical compound CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bronopol Chemical compound OCC(Br)(CO)[N+]([O-])=O LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octhilinone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC=CC1=O JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- A01N33/08—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing oxygen or sulfur
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- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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- C10L1/1855—Cyclic ethers, e.g. epoxides, lactides, lactones
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于诸如石油或液体燃料的含烃组合物中的式Ⅰ的添加剂：(Ⅰ)其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5如本文所定义。该添加剂改善该组合物的耐蚀性，并且当该组合物为生物柴油时，还改善抗微生物性。该添加剂进一步提高此类组合物中包含的任何添加的抗微生物剂的抗微生物功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于含烃组合物的添加剂。更具体地，本发明涉及提高诸如石油和燃料的含烃组合物的耐腐蚀性特性和抗微生物性的氨基醇添加剂。氨基醇添加剂还增加在这些组合物中典型地使用的抗微生物剂的功效。
背景技术
含烃组合物，如石油(原油)和燃料，几乎总含有水分。当大气水分冷凝时额外的水可在储罐内积累。水分例如，作为暴露的储罐表面上的冷凝液滴，作为燃料中的溶解水以及作为燃料下方的水垫(water bottoms)而积累在柴油罐内。同样对于石油，水可冷凝并积累在管道中。醇/燃料混合物，如“乙醇的汽油溶液(gasohol)”往往比无醇石油基燃料吸收和保留更高浓度的水。另外，最近，为了环境益处(environmental benefit)，开始有意地将水掺入至燃料中。已经发现采用水-燃料乳液的内燃机，尤其是柴油机，可产生较少的氧化氮、烃和颗粒排放物。政府的关注和环境问题驱使减少车辆的排放物，并且因此预期含水的烃类燃料乳液的使用将会增加。
然而，水在含烃组合物中的存在，或是通过有意地加入(例如，乳化燃料)，或是通过冷凝(例如，在储存或运输容器中)，可导致许多问题。因为微生物依赖于水而生存，含烃组合物中的水可导致微生物污染。微生物依赖于这些组合物中的有机分子供给营养和生长。因此，一些物种直接侵蚀组合物，消耗烃和非烃组分而生长。
支持微生物生长的燃料的生物降解是燃料污染的直接原因。当微生物选择性地侵蚀燃料组分时，颜色、燃烧热、倾点、浊点、热稳定性、去垢性和耐腐蚀性会发生不利的变化。除了损失添加剂和燃料性能以外，当细菌和真菌繁殖时，它们在储罐表面和滤器上形成生物量，该生物量在燃料：水界面处积累。对于原油，作为硫酸盐还原细菌(SRB)的活动和生长的结果，可在管道中发生微生物影响的腐蚀。
腐蚀问题也可受含烃组合物中水和酸类的存在的影响。具体地，生物柴油燃料含有游离脂肪酸，并且石油衍生燃料典型地含有残留的环烷酸和硫，它们在燃烧期间可与水蒸气反应以形成硫酸。尽管有可能从燃料中去除硫和酸类，但对于燃料制造商来说这样会增加额外的工艺成本。另外，基于磷酸和羧酸的润滑剂被有意地加入至一些燃料(例如乳化燃料)中以改善性能。在原油中，除了微生物影响的腐蚀以外，溶解的二氧化碳(碳酸)和/或硫化氢的存在也可引起腐蚀问题。
考虑到上面的问题，在本领域中存在着对有助于限制含烃组合物中的腐蚀和/或含烃组合物中的微生物生长的添加剂的需求。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种掺合物，包括：含烃组合物；和式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5如下面所定义。
本发明还提供了一种掺合物，包括含烃组合物、式Ⅰ的氨基醇和抗微生物剂。
本发明进一步提供了一种为生物柴油燃料提供抗微生物性的方法，所述方法包括在所述生物柴油燃料中包含有效量的式Ⅰ的氨基醇。
附图简述
图1是描绘在柴油中3-氨基-4-辛醇和抗微生物剂FUELSAVERTM的协同效应的图表。
图2是描绘在柴油中3-氨基-4-辛醇和抗微生物剂KathonTM FP的协同效应的图表。
图3是描绘在柴油中3-氨基-4-辛醇和抗微生物剂BIOBANTM BIT 20DPG的效应的图表。
发明详述
在一个方面，本发明提供了用于含烃组合物的氨基醇添加剂。“含烃组合物”指石油(原油)，或如汽油、柴油、生物柴油、水-燃料乳液、乙醇基燃料和醚基燃料的液体燃料。优选的燃料包括含有高水平的酸含量的那些燃料，诸如生物柴油。
添加剂抑制与含烃组合物接触的系统，诸如储罐、管道和发动机的腐蚀。相信改善的耐蚀性部分地来自氨基醇控制组合物的pH的能力。
除了改善的腐蚀稳定性以外，还令人惊奇地发现：当用于生物柴油燃料中时，式Ⅰ的氨基醇增加生物柴油燃料的抗微生物性。甚至当生物柴油燃料不含有添加的抗微生物剂化合物时仍然如此。
本发明的添加剂为式Ⅰ的氨基醇化合物：
其中：
R1和R3各自独立地是H、直链或支链的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基，或芳基(优选地苯基)，或R1、R3和它们连接的碳形成环烷基环，
R2和R4各自独立地是H或烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子；以及
R5不存在或是C1-C10亚烷基(桥接烷基)、亚芳基(优选苯基)、亚芳基-亚烷基-，或-亚烷基-亚芳基-(例如，苄基、苯乙基等)；
其中所述式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇含有至少5个碳原子，并且其中R1、R3和R5的烷基、环烷基、亚烷基、芳基和亚芳基任选地被烷基或苯基取代。
优选的式Ⅰ的氨基醇包括式Ⅰ-1的化合物，后者是其中R1为C1-C6烷基，更优选地为直链或支链丙基、丁基、戊基或己基，并且特别优选地为正丁基的式Ⅰ化合物。
优选的式Ⅰ和Ⅰ-1的氨基醇包括式Ⅰ-2的化合物，后者是其中R2为H、甲基或乙基的式Ⅰ或Ⅰ-1的化合物。
优选的式Ⅰ、Ⅰ-1和Ⅰ-2的氨基醇还包括式Ⅰ-3的化合物，后者是其中R3为氢且R4为氢的式Ⅰ、Ⅰ-1或Ⅰ-2的化合物。
优选的式Ⅰ、Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3的氨基醇进一步包括式Ⅰ-4的化合物，后者是其中R5为键或为亚甲基或亚乙基桥的式Ⅰ、Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2或Ⅰ-3的化合物。
进一步优选的式Ⅰ的氨基醇包括式Ⅱ的化合物：
其中
R1是C2-C6烷基；以及
R2和R4各自独立地是H或C1-C2烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子。
用于在本发明中使用的特别优选的伯氨基醇包括：2-氨基-3-己醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-3-己醇、3-氨基-4-辛醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-3-庚醇、2-氨基-4-乙基-3-辛醇、2-氨基-3-庚醇、2-氨基-1-苯基丁醇和它们的混合物。特别优选3-氨基-4-辛醇。
本发明的氨基醇化合物可以很容易地由本领域普通技术人员使用本领域中熟知的技术来制备。例如，此类化合物可通过硝基烷与醛反应形成硝基醇，紧接着将硝基催化氢化为胺来制备。对示例性的氨基醇合成的更详细描述在实施例中提供。
氨基醇可以以酸式盐的形式使用。合适的盐包括但不限于：硼酸、乳酸、正壬酸(pelargonic acid)、壬酸(nonanoic acid)、新癸酸、癸二酸、壬二酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、十一碳烯酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸、油酸、妥尔油脂肪酸、亚乙基二胺四乙酸等物质。
在含烃组合物中氨基醇通常以足以提供腐蚀稳定性和/或增加抗微生物性(在后者情形中，当与生物柴油一起使用时)的浓度使用。提供这些有益效果所需的量可以很容易地由本领域普通技术人员来确定。作为实例，通常优选使用基于组合物的总重量，约0.001-约5重量百分比，更优选地约0.001-约2重量百分比。
氨基醇还可与其他伯、仲和叔氨基醇以及其他腐蚀抑制剂组合使用。含烃组合物可含有其他任选的添加剂。例如，在组合物是燃料时，典型的添加剂包括，而不限于，润滑剂、鲸蜡烷增强剂、助燃剂、抗氧化剂/热稳定剂、和/或去垢剂/沉积控制添加剂(deposit control additive)。
除了如上所述改善的腐蚀稳定性和抗微生物性以外，已经发现式Ⅰ的伯氨基醇协同地增强含烃组合物中抗微生物剂的活性。因此与单独使用抗微生物剂所期望的效果相比，氨基醇和抗微生物剂的组合以较小的抗微生物剂浓度提供更有效的和持久的微生物控制。
因此，根据第二个方面，本发明提供了包括含烃组合物、式Ⅰ的氨基醇和抗微生物剂的掺合物。本发明的此方面可特别地应用于含水的组合物，如上所述，该组合物是大多数石油和燃料的特征，不管是否是有意地加入水(例如，燃料乳液)。该组合物典型地含有按重量计至少0.01％并且不超过约50％的水。
对于本发明的此第二个方面，优选的含烃组合物包括石油和液体燃料。优选的液体燃料包括汽油、柴油、生物柴油、水-燃料乳液、乙醇基燃料和醚基燃料。更优选的液体燃料包括汽油、柴油、水-燃料乳液、乙醇基燃料和醚基燃料。对于此方面特别优选的液体燃料是柴油燃料。如通过实施例所证明的，式Ⅰ的氨基醇本身在柴油燃料中是非抗微生物的，因此发现它们能够协同地增强柴油中抗微生物剂化合物的功效是出人意料的。
在本发明的掺合物中可使用与含烃组合物相容的任何抗微生物剂。优选的抗微生物剂包括：三嗪诸如1，3，5-三-(2-羟乙基)-s-三嗪和三甲基-1，3，5-三嗪-1，3，5-三乙醇，实例为Troy Corporation(托洛伊公司)的GROTAN；碘代丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯，诸如Troy Corporation(托洛伊公司)供应的POLYPHASE；1，2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮，诸如Dow Chemical Company(陶氏化学公司)销售的BIOBAN BIT；4，4-二甲基噁唑烷，实例为获自DowChemical Company(陶氏化学公司)的BIOBAN CS-1135；7-乙基二环噁唑烷，由Dow Chemical Co.(陶氏化学公司)作为BIOBAN CS-1246销售；4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的组合，由DowChemical Co.(陶氏化学公司)作为FUELSAVER销售；2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮；5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的组合，诸如由Rohm&Haas Corporation(罗门哈斯公司)供应的KATHON牌；2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇；辛基异噻唑啉酮；二氯-辛基异噻唑啉酮；二溴-辛基异噻唑啉酮；酚类如邻苯基苯酚和对氯-间甲酚和它们对应的钠和/或钾盐；吡啶硫酮钠(sodium pyrithione)；吡啶硫酮锌(zinc pyrithione)；正丁基苯并异噻唑啉酮；1-(3-氯烯丙基)-3，5，7-三氮杂-1-氮鎓金刚烷氯化物；百菌清(chlorothalonil)；多菌灵(carbendazim)；二碘甲基甲苯基砜；2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)；戊二醛；N，N’-亚甲基-双-吗啉；亚乙二氧基甲醇(例如Troyshield B7)；苯氧基乙醇(例如Comtram 121)；四羟甲基乙炔双脲(例如Protectol TD)；二硫代氨基甲酸盐或酯；2，6-二甲基-间二噁烷-4-醇乙酸酯(例如Bioban DXN)；二羟甲基-二甲基-乙内酰脲；三(羟甲基)硝基甲烷；二环噁唑烷(例如Nuospet 95)；(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑(TCMTB)；亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)(MBT)；取代的二氧杂硼烷(dioxaborinane)，诸如获自Hammonds Fuel Additives(Hammonds燃料添加剂)的BIOBOR JF；四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐(THPS)，诸如获自Dow Chemical Company(陶氏化学公司)的AQUCAR THPS 75；季铵化合物，诸如烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(ADBAC)；椰油二胺(cocodiamine)；棉隆(dazomet)，诸如获自BASF的Protectol DZ，和它们的两种以上的混合物。
此外优选的抗微生物剂，特别是在含烃组合物为液体燃料时，其是4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的组合(作为FUELSAVERTM获自Dow Chemical Company(陶氏化学公司))，5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的组合(CMIT/MIT)，(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑(TCMTB)和亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)(MBT)的组合，取代的二氧杂硼烷，和它们的两种以上的混合物。
此外优选的抗微生物剂，特别是在含烃组合物为石油时，包括戊二醛；2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇；异噻唑啉酮诸如BIT和CMIT/MIT；2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)；四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐(THPS)；噁唑烷诸如4，4-二甲基噁唑烷和7-乙基二环噁唑烷；季铵化合物诸如烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(ADBAC)；椰油二胺；棉隆，和它们的两种以上的混合物。
在本发明中，抗微生物剂(或抗微生物剂的组合)优选地以基于掺合物的总重量，约0.001至2重量百分比的浓度存在于该掺合物中。然而，为了减少成本并尽量减少不利的环境影响的可能性，优选使用低浓度的抗微生物剂。实际上，本发明的优点之一在于通过增强抗微生物剂的功效，本文所述的氨基醇允许使用的抗微生物剂少于不使用氨基醇时所使用的抗微生物剂。
在掺合物中式Ⅰ的氨基醇相对于抗微生物剂的浓度不重要，但在一些优选的实施方案中，对应于约5000∶1-约1∶2的氨基醇与抗微生物剂的重量比。在进一步优选的实施方案中，氨基醇与抗微生物剂的重量比为约100∶1-1∶2。还在进一步优选的实施方案中，该重量比为约60∶1-1∶1。
根据本发明的优选的燃料掺合物包括：
(a)液体燃料；
(b)如上所定义的式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇；和
(c)抗微生物剂，其选自由下面各项组成的组：
(i)4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的混合物(获自Dow Chemical Company(陶氏化学公司)的FUELSAVERTM)；
(ii)5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物；
(iii)(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑(TCMTB)和亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)(MBT)的混合物；以及
(iv)取代的二氧杂硼烷。
在此实施方案中，氨基醇与抗微生物剂(i)的重量比优选地为约30∶1-1∶1，更优选地为约25∶1-1.5∶1。此外，氨基醇与抗微生物剂(ii)的重量比优选地为约70∶1-3∶1。
根据本发明的更优选的燃料掺合物包括：
(a)液体燃料；
(b)式(Ⅱ)的氨基醇：
其中
R1是C2-C6烷基；以及
R2和R4各自独立地是H或C1-C2烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子；和
(c)抗微生物剂，其选自由下面各项组成的组：
(i)4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的混合物；
(ii)5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物；
(iii)(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑和亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)的混合物；以及
(iv)取代的二氧杂硼烷。
在此实施方案中，氨基醇与抗微生物剂(i)的重量比优选地为约30∶1-1∶1，更优选地为约25∶1-1.5∶1。此外，氨基醇与抗微生物剂(ii)的重量比优选地为约70∶1-3∶1。
根据本发明的特别优选的燃料掺合物包括：
(a)液体燃料；
(b)3-氨基-4-辛醇；和
(c)抗微生物剂，其选自由下面各项组成的组：
(i)4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的混合物；
(ii)5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物；
(iii)(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑和亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)的混合物；以及
(iv)取代的二氧杂硼烷。
在此实施方案中，氨基醇与抗微生物剂(i)的重量比优选地为约30∶1至1∶1，更优选地为约25∶1至1.5∶1。此外，氨基醇与抗微生物剂(ii)的重量比优选地为约70∶1至3∶1。
根据本发明的优选的石油基掺合物包括：
(a)石油；
(b)如上所定义的式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇；和
(c)抗微生物剂，其选自由下列各项组成的组：戊二醛、2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇、四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐(THPS)、2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)、异噻唑啉酮化合物、季铵化合物、椰油二胺，和棉隆。
根据本发明的更优选的石油基掺合物包括：
(a)石油；
(b)如上所定义的式Ⅱ的氨基醇；和
(c)抗微生物剂，其选自由下列各项组成的组：戊二醛、2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇、四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐(THPS)、2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)、异噻唑啉酮化合物、季铵化合物、椰油二胺，和棉隆。
根据本发明的特别优选的石油基掺合物包括：
(a)石油；
(b)3-氨基-4-辛醇；和
(c)抗微生物剂，其选自由下列各项组成的组：戊二醛、2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇、四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐(THPS)、2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)、异噻唑啉酮化合物、季铵化合物、椰油二胺，和棉隆。
如在本说明书中所使用的，“烷基”包括含1-8个碳原子、更优选1-6个碳原子的直链和支链脂族基。优选的烷基包括而不限于：甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基和己基。
如在此所使用的，术语“烯基”是指具有一个或多个碳-碳双键、含2-8个碳原子、并且优选2-6个碳原子的不饱和直链和支链脂族基。优选的烯基包括而不限于：乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基和己烯基。
如在此所使用的，术语“炔基”是指具有一个或多个碳-碳三键、含2-8个碳原子、并且优选2-6个碳原子的不饱和直链和支链脂族基。优选的炔基包括而不限于：乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基和己炔基。
“亚烷基”基团是位于另外两个化学基团之间并且起到连接它们的作用的如上定义的烷基。优选的亚烷基包括而不限于：亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基和亚丁基。
如在此所使用的术语“环烷基”包括含3至12个碳、优选3至8个碳并且更优选3至7个碳的饱和和部分不饱和的环烃基。优选的环烷基包括而不限于：环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基和环辛基。
“芳基”基团是包含1至3个芳环的C6-C12芳族部分。优选地，芳基是C6-C10芳基。优选的芳基包括而不限于：苯基、萘基、蒽基和芴基。更优选的是苯基。
烷基、环烷基和芳基(以及它们的桥接衍生物亚烷基、亚环烷基和亚芳基)任选地被一个或多个另外的烷基(例如甲基、乙基、丁基)、苯基或这二者取代。当被取代时，将取代基中碳的个数计入化合物的6-12个碳中。
下面的实施例说明本发明但非意欲限制其范围。
实施例
实施例1：3-氨基-4-辛醇的制备
从1-硝基丙烷和戊醛制备3-硝基-4-辛醇。3-硝基-4-辛醇的样品是通过以下方法合成的：将1-硝基丙烷(1-NP，300g，3.37摩尔)加入配置有热电偶、磁力搅拌器、500ml的加液漏斗、氮气入口和玻璃塞的1升3颈圆底烧瓶(RBF，24/40，29/42，24/40)中。将此淡黄色液体通过加入导致吸热的甲醇(MeOH，150g)而稀释。加入苛性碱催化剂(16g的10％水溶液和0.60g的50％苛性碱水溶液，总共1.9g，1.4摩尔％)。这使反应颜色变化为橙色并且导致轻微的放热。将戊醛(258g，3.00摩尔，0.89当量)装入加液漏斗中并且经3小时缓慢地加入到1-NP中。反应热将温度升高到40-45℃。一旦戊醛添加完成，就将RBF的内容物转移到1升的玻璃瓶中，用氮气吹扫，并且在环境温度下储存。通过气相色谱法监测反应进程。在2周后，转化率达到84面积％，并且通过加入10％的盐酸水溶液(19ml)使反应停止。将所得到的pH＝1的溶液在真空中浓缩(50℃/全真空/0.5h)，以移除溶剂和残余试剂。将所得到的橄榄绿色溶液(491g，95面积％校正纯度，89％收率)过滤(0.5微米)，用氮吹扫，并且储存在冰箱中直至需要为止。
3-硝基-4-辛醇变成3-氨基-4-辛醇链烷醇胺的催化氢化。3-氨基-4-辛醇(3A4O)的样品是通过采用帕尔高压釜装置(Parr Autoclave unit)还原3-硝基-4-辛醇而合成的。不锈钢的2升高压釜装载有Grace 3201阮内镍(RaNi，湿态90g，干态45g，10重量％)和甲醇(MeOH，300g)。将高压釜密封、组装、用氮气然后用氢气吹扫、用氢气加压(600psig)、在600RPM搅拌，并且升温到40℃。将所述硝基醇(491g)用无水乙醇(EtOH，150g)稀释，并且泵送到高压釜中(4ml/min)。在3.5小时以后添加完成，并且在4小时以后由于没有观察到氢气摄取而判断反应完成。将高压釜冷却，停止搅拌、通气并且用氮气吹扫。将高压釜拆开并且将内容物真空过滤以移除RaNi催化剂。这导致在产物从塔顶馏出(57-62℃/全真空)之前，在真空中浓缩(55℃/全真空)的淡黄色液体(92面积％)的分离。这导致含一些噁唑烷(2.2面积％)和一些仲胺(0.5面积％)的透明、无色、半固体(344g，95.3面积％，75％总收率)的分离。
实施例2：2-氨基-3-庚醇的制备
从硝基乙烷(NE)和戊醛制备3-硝基-3-庚醇。以与实施例1类似的方式，2-硝基-3-庚醇的样品是通过以下方法合成的：将硝基乙烷(NE，275g，3.67摩尔)加入配置有热电偶、磁力搅拌器、500ml的加液漏斗、氮气入口和玻璃塞的1升3颈圆底烧瓶(RBF，24/40，29/42，24/40)中。将此透明、无色液体通过加入导致吸热的95％乙醇(EtOH，160g)而稀释。加入苛性碱催化剂(10g的10％水溶液，0.68摩尔％)，使反应颜色变化为黄色并且导致轻微的放热。将戊醛(258g，3.00摩尔，0.89当量)装入加液漏斗中并且经4小时缓慢地加入到NE中。反应热将温度升高到40-45℃。一旦戊醛添加完成，就将RBF的内容物转移到1升的玻璃瓶中，用氮气吹扫，并且在夜晚在环境温度下，在白天期间在50℃下储存。通过气相色谱法监测反应进程。在6天后，转化率达到81面积％，并且通过加入10％的盐酸水溶液(9ml)使反应停止。将所得到的pH＝1的溶液在真空中浓缩(50℃/全真空/0.5h)，以移除溶剂和残余试剂。将所得到的绿色溶液(494g，90面积％校正纯度，83％收率)过滤(0.5微米)，用氮吹扫，并且储存在冰箱中直至需要为止。
2-硝基-3-庚醇变成2-氨基-3-庚醇链烷醇胺的催化氢化。2-氨基-3-庚醇(2A3H)的样品是通过采用帕尔高压釜装置还原2-硝基-3-庚醇合成的。不锈钢的2升高压釜装载有Grace 3201阮内镍(RaNi，湿态90g，干态45g，9重量％)和甲醇(MeOH，300g)。将高压釜密封、组装、用氮气然后用氢气吹扫、用氢气加压(600psig)、在600RPM搅拌，并且升温到40℃。将所述硝基醇(491g)用无水乙醇(EtOH，150g)稀释，并且泵送到高压釜中(4ml/min)。在3小时以后添加完成，并且在3.5小时以后由于没有观察到氢气摄取而判断反应完成。将高压釜冷却，停止搅拌、通气并且用氮气吹扫。将高压釜拆开并且将内容物真空过滤以移除RaNi催化剂。这导致在产物从塔顶馏出(40-50℃/全真空)之前，在真空中浓缩(55℃/全真空)的黄色液体(82面积％)的分离。这导致含一些噁唑烷(3.4面积％)的透明、无色固体(302g，91.2面积％，64％总收率)的分离。
实施例3：2-氨基-2-甲基-3-庚醇的制备
从2-硝基丙烷(2-NP)和戊醛制备2-甲基-2-硝基-3-庚醇。以与实施例1类似的方式，2-甲基-2-硝基-3-庚醇的样品是通过以下方法合成的：将2-硝基丙烷(2-NP，300g，3.37摩尔)加入配置有热电偶、磁力搅拌器、500ml的加液漏斗、氮气入口和玻璃塞的1升3颈圆底烧瓶(RBF，24/40，29/42，24/40)中。将此透明、无色液体通过加入导致吸热的无水乙醇(EtOH，150g)而稀释。加入苛性碱催化剂(16g的10％水溶液和0.6g的50％水溶液，1.4摩尔％)，使反应颜色变化为淡黄色并且导致轻微的放热。将戊醛(258g，3.00摩尔，0.89当量)装入加液漏斗中并且经3小时缓慢地加入到2-NP中。反应热将温度升高到40-45℃。一旦戊醛添加完成，就将RBF的内容物转移到1升的玻璃瓶中，用氮气吹扫，并且在环境温度下储存。通过气相色谱法监测反应进程，并且在3周后，转化率达到72面积％，并且通过加入10％的盐酸水溶液(16ml)使反应停止。将所得到的宝蓝色的pH＝1的溶液在真空中浓缩(50℃/全真空/0.5h)，以移除溶剂和残余试剂。将所得到的绿色溶液(422g，90面积％校正纯度，80％收率)用无水乙醇(150g)稀释，过滤(0.5微米)，用氮吹扫，并且储存在冰箱中直至需要为止。
2-甲基-2-硝基-3-庚醇变成2-氨基-2-甲基-3-庚醇的催化氢化。2-氨基-2-甲基-3-庚醇(2A2M3H)的样品是通过采用帕尔高压釜装置还原2-甲基-2-硝基-3-庚醇合成的。不锈钢的2升高压釜装载有Grace 3201阮内镍(RaNi，湿态90g，干态45g，10重量％)和甲醇(MeOH，300g)。将高压釜密封、组装、用氮气然后用氢气吹扫、用氢气加压、在600RPM搅拌，并且升温到40℃。将黄色硝基醇(422g)用无水乙醇(EtOH，150g)稀释，并且泵送到高压釜中(4ml/min)。在3小时以后添加完成，并且在3.5小时以后由于没有观察到氢气摄取而判断反应完成。将高压釜冷却，停止搅拌、通气并且用氮气吹扫。将高压釜拆开并且将内容物真空过滤以移除RaNi催化剂。这导致在产物从塔顶馏出(50-52℃/全真空)之前，在真空中浓缩(55℃/全真空)的淡黄色液体(80面积％)的分离。这导致含一些噁唑烷(4.9面积％)的透明、无色固体(268g，91.9面积％，57％总收率)的分离。
实施例4：2-氨基-4-乙基-3-辛醇的制备
从硝基乙烷和2-乙基己醛制备2-硝基-4-乙基-3-辛醇。以与实施例1类似的方式，2-硝基-4-乙基-3-辛醇的样品是通过以下方法合成的：将硝基乙烷(NE，200g，2.67摩尔)加入配置有热电偶、磁力搅拌器、500ml的加液漏斗、氮气入口和玻璃塞的1升3颈圆底烧瓶(RBF，24/40，29/42，24/40)中。将此液体通过加入导致吸热的无水乙醇(EtOH，150g)而稀释。加入去离子水(7.5g)，然后加入苛性碱催化剂(8.0ml的10％水溶液)。反应颜色变暗成为橙色并且观察到轻微的放热。将2-乙基己醛(307g，2.40摩尔，0.90当量)装入加液漏斗中并且经3.5小时缓慢地加入到NE中。反应热将温度升高到30℃。一旦戊醛添加完成，就将RBF的内容物转移到1升的玻璃瓶中，用氮气吹扫，并且在环境温度下储存。通过气相色谱法监测反应进程。在2天后，测量到的转化率为53.2面积％，2周后为55.8面积％。然后通过加入10％的盐酸水溶液(8ml)使反应停止，并且将pH＝1的溶液在真空中浓缩(55℃/全真空/0.5h)，以移除溶剂和残余试剂。将所得到的黄色溶液(362g，72面积％校正纯度，74.3％收率)过滤(0.5微米)，用氮吹扫，并且储存在冰箱中直至需要为止。
2-硝基-4-乙基-3-辛醇变成2-氨基-4-乙基-3-辛醇氨基醇的催化氢化。2-氨基-4-乙基-3-辛醇的样品是通过采用帕尔高压釜装置还原2-硝基-4-乙基-3-辛醇合成的。不锈钢的2升高压釜装载有Grace 3201阮内镍(RaNi，湿态70g，干态35g，10重量％)和甲醇(MeOH，300g)。将高压釜密封、组装、用氮气然后用氢气吹扫、用氢气加压(750psig)、在600RPM搅拌，并且升温到40℃。将硝基醇(362g)用甲醇(MeOH，380ml)稀释，并且泵送到高压釜中(5ml/min)。在2小时以后添加完成，并且在另外15分钟以后由于没有观察到氢气摄取而判断反应完成。将高压釜冷却，停止搅拌、通气并且用氮气吹扫。将高压釜拆开并且将内容物真空过滤以移除RaNi催化剂。这导致在使用真空夹套的18″vigreux柱/头部组件从塔顶馏出(122℃/15min)产物之前，在真空中浓缩(55℃/全真空)的淡黄色液体(84面积％)的分离。这导致作为透明、无色溶液(182g，96.9面积％，44％总收率)的产物的分离。
实施例5-16：腐蚀测试
实施例5-16说明了本发明的氨基醇对与燃料接触的金属的腐蚀的作用。
使用获自Metaspec Co的低碳钢(MCS)、低碳细晶粒钢(LCFGS)和铸铁(CI)试验板(coupon)。各个试验板尺寸为1″×2″×1/8″。所有试验板在全部浸泡在柴油或生物柴油燃料之前用丙酮清洗。各个试验板在测试前以及测试和清洗后再次称重。燃料和水置于4盎司广口火石玻璃瓶中，并且在各个瓶中将一个试验板全部地浸没在燃料中。测试系统由80％燃料和20％去离子水(基于重量)组成。对于测试样品，以燃料加水(56g燃料+14g DI水+0.30g氨基醇)的总重量的0.427％加入氨基醇。样品在机械对流加热烘箱中在50℃下加热。每周肉眼检查试验板，并且注意燃料颜色。将各瓶进行搅拌以分散水，并且旋转以观察燃料中的试验板；每周搅拌一次模拟由于定期地从储罐中加入和取出燃料所引起的搅动。在测试期间各瓶保持密闭。在测试后，试验板重新称重并肉眼评价腐蚀作用。对于3-氨基-4-辛醇的结果显示在表1中。
如所见的那样，3-氨基-4-辛醇减少了与柴油燃料/水混合物接触的所有金属的质量损失。另外，消除了低碳钢和低碳细晶粒钢的肉眼腐蚀作用。对于生物柴油燃料，在3-氨基-4-辛醇的存在下没有观察到重量损失的减少，然而低碳细晶粒钢样品肉眼观察到腐蚀作用的减少。
表1：3-氨基-4-辛醇(3A4O)的腐蚀测试结果
| 实施例编号. | 金属 | 燃料 | 抗微生物剂 | 之前重量(g) | 之后重量(g) | 重量损失(g) | 腐蚀作用(肉眼) |
| 5 | MCS | 柴油 | 3A4O | 8.2259 | 8.2259 | 0.0000 | 无 |
| 6 | MCS | 柴油 | 无(对照) | 8.2481 | 8.2194 | -0.0287 | 有 |
| 7 | MCS | 生物柴油 | 3A4O | 8.2623 | 8.2510 | -0.0113 | 无 |
| 8 | MCS | 生物柴油 | 无(对照) | 8.3333 | 8.3320 | -0.0013 | 无 |
| 9 | LCFGS | 柴油 | 3A4O | 28.9036 | 28.9012 | -0.0024 | 无 |
| 10 | LCFGS | 柴油 | 无(对照) | 31.1581 | 31.1291 | -0.0290 | 有 |
| 11 | LCFGS | 生物柴油 | 3A4O | 27.6149 | 27.5889 | -0.0260 | 无 |
| 12 | LCFGS | 生物柴油 | 无(对照) | 26.4376 | 26.4346 | -0.0030 | 有 |
| 13 | CI | 柴油 | 3A4O | 26.7304 | 26.7296 | -0.0008 | 有 |
| 14 | CI | 柴油 | 无(对照) | 29.2987 | 29.2736 | -0.0251 | 有 |
| 15 | CI | 生物柴油 | 3A4O | 27.1794 | 27.1394 | -0.0400 | 有 |
| 16 | CI | 生物柴油 | 无(对照) | 30.4496 | 30.4392 | -0.0104 | 有 |
MCS＝低碳钢；LCFGS＝低碳细晶粒钢；CI＝铸铁。
3A4O＝3-氨基-4-辛醇.
抗微生物性实施例
下面的实施例说明氨基醇对含有和不含有抗微生物剂的燃料的抗微生物性的作用。
材料
细菌。铜绿假单孢菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)ATCC#33988，酵母：子囊菌假丝酵母(Yarrowia tropicalis)ATCC#48138，以及霉菌：Hormoconisresinae ATCC#20495在Bushnell-Haas肉汤中传代培养，并用于混合接种物中。混合接种物中的生物体浓度如下：铜绿假单孢菌-4.8×108cfu/mL；子囊菌假丝酵母-2.2×107cfu/mL；H.resinae-6.3×107cfu/mL。
柴油燃料。2007认证柴油(Certification Diesel)，GMPT-5-019-A获自Haltermann Products(Dow Chemical Company(陶氏化学公司)的子公司)，Channelview，得克萨斯州。产品编号：HF 582b；产品代码：20582b。
生物柴油燃料。用于这些实施例的生物柴油获自Stepan Company(斯泰潘公司)(诺斯菲尔德(Northfield)，伊利诺伊州)。
抗微生物剂。选择用于此评价的抗微生物剂包括已经注册并由于其溶解度和有效性而经常用于燃料中的抗微生物剂(例如，Kathon FP 1.5和FUELSAVERTM)。也测试BIOBAN BIT 20DPG。下面提供组成和供应商信息。
KathonTM FP 1.5(Rohm and Haas(罗门哈斯))：1.15％5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和0.35％2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(CMIT/MIT)。
FUELSAVERTM(Dow(陶氏))：90％吗啉二吗啉掺合物。4-(2-硝基丁基)吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)-二吗啉(FS)。
BIOBANTM BIT 20DPG(Dow(陶氏))：18％1，2苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮。
抗微生物剂负载量。对于注册的抗微生物剂，使用标注下限和上限-KathonTM FP：50和400ppm；FUELSAVERTM：135和1000ppm。BIOBANTM BIT 20DPG目前未注册用于燃料，因此，采用用于“水包油乳液”的标注限值：400和1800ppm。
氨基醇。
3-氨基-4-辛醇(3A4O)97+％(获自ANGUS Chemical Co.(安格斯化学公司)，水牛城格罗吾(Buffalo Grove)，伊利诺伊州)。
2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(95％水溶液，作为AMP-95获自ANGUSChemical Company(安格斯化学公司))。该氨基醇用于与本发明的氨基醇的比较。
氨基醇负载量。两种氨基醇以1500和3000ppm的负载在具有和不具有抗微生物剂的情况下评价。
微生物测试步骤
在带有胶木螺旋盖的玻璃瓶中进行测试4周。对于各种燃料样品，向130mL柴油或生物柴油燃料中加入所需负载量的氨基醇，然后当存在抗微生物剂时加入所需负载量的抗微生物剂，并搅拌5min。加入Bushnell-Haas肉汤(24mL)作为柴油燃料下的水相。加入1mL混合接种物。通过将瓶子倒置5次将样品每周混合一次。对于第0天所列出的生物体计数代表在混合水垫和燃料后在水垫中检测到的初始生物群体。
使用平板计数法测量微生物存活率。胰酶大豆琼脂用于铜绿假单孢菌，含有0.5μg/ml庆大霉素的萨布罗右旋糖琼脂(Sabouraud dextrose agar)用于子囊菌假丝酵母，且含有亚碲酸钾的细菌学级琼脂1.5％用于Hormoconis resinae。细菌在37℃下孵育48小时，并且真菌在25℃下孵育5-7天。
从在柴油燃料中氨基醇的评价中采集的数据由图1-3和表2-4显示。如从数据中可见，在柴油燃料中，没有一种氨基醇本身能够增加燃料的抗微生物性。然而，在3-氨基-4-辛醇(3A4O)和评价的三种抗微生物剂之间观察到协同作用。在低负载量的抗微生物剂时协同作用最明显，因为在高负载量时，在测试的时间段内，抗微生物剂自身是基本上完全有效的。3-氨基-4-辛醇与FUELSAVERTM(图1)具有显著的协同作用。在测试中的早期与KathonTM(CMIT/MIT)的协同作用较为明显，然后该协同作用似乎随着时间变化而逐渐减小(图2)。3-氨基-4-辛醇与BIT对抗铜绿假单孢菌的协同作用不显著(图3)，但对子囊菌假丝酵母的协同作用很明显(表4)。
从在生物柴油燃料中本发明的氨基醇的评价中采集的数据由表6显示。如从数据中可见，生物柴油中氨基醇的存在显著地增强了生物柴油的抗微生物性，甚至在缺少抗微生物剂时也是如此。
表2.单独柴油燃料和含有氨基醇的柴油燃料
| 细菌/时间 | 仅燃料 | 燃料+3A4O 1500ppm | 燃料+3A4O3000ppm | 燃料+AMP11500ppm | 燃料+AMP13000ppm |
| 铜绿假单胞菌 | |||||
| 第0天 | 1.4E6 | 1.4E6 | 1.4E6 | 1.4E6 | 1.4E6 |
| 第1周 | 1.2E6 | 1.7E6 | 8.7E5 | 8.7E5 | 2.2E6 |
| 第2周 | 6.8E6 | 4.2E6 | 2.0E6 | 2.3E6 | 4.0E6 |
| 第3周 | 8.4E6 | 7.3E6 | 5.7E6 | 4.4E6 | 6.0E6 |
| 第4周 | 6.7E7 | 4.8E7 | 2.3E7 | 1.2E7 | 4.2E7 |
| 子囊菌假丝酵母 | |||||
| 第0天 | 3.3E5 | 3.3E5 | 3.3E5 | 3.3E5 | 3.3E5 |
| 第1周 | 5.8E5 | 1.1E5 | 2.0E5 | 1.3E5 | 9.0E4 |
| 第2周 | 2.7E6 | 8.0E5 | 6.3E5 | 7.2E5 | 2.3E5 |
| 第3周 | 6.0E6 | 2.2E6 | 3.0E6 | 1.3E6 | 5.2E5 |
| 第4周 | 2.0E7 | 8.3E6 | 1.2E7 | 7.0E6 | 4.3E6 |
| H.resinae | |||||
| 第0天 | 4.2E5 | 4.2E5 | 4.2E5 | 4.2E5 | 4.2E5 |
| 第1周 | 3.4E5 | 2.7E5 | 3.5E5 | 3.0E5 | 1.2E5 |
| 第2周 | 8.0E5 | 3.8E5 | 6.7E5 | 6.4E5 | 4.5E5 |
| 第3周 | 7.2E5 | 7.7E5 | 8.2E5 | 7.4E5 | 5.8E5 |
| 第4周 | 4.8E6 | 4.4E6 | 6.0E6 | 1.8E6 | 3.3E6 |
1比较实施例。
尽管上面已经根据本发明的优选实施方案对本发明进行了描述，但在本公开内容的精神和范围内其可进行改动。因此本申请意欲覆盖使用本文公开的普通原理的本发明的任何变化形式、应用或适应性改动。此外，本申请意欲覆盖成为本发明所属领域中已知的实践应用或惯例的范围内并落在下面的权利要求的限定范围内的本发明公开内容的这些变更形式。
Claims (19)
1.一种掺合物，包括：
含烃组合物；和
式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇
其中：
R1和R3各自独立地是H、直链或支链的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、或芳基，或R1、R3和它们连接的碳形成环烷基环，
R2和R4各自独立地是H或烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子；以及
R5不存在或是C1-C10亚烷基、亚芳基、亚芳基-亚烷基-或-亚烷基-亚芳基-，
其中所述氨基醇含有至少5个碳原子，并且其中烷基、环烷基、亚烷基、芳基和亚芳基任选地被烷基或苯基取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的掺合物，其中R1是C1-C6烷基。
3.根据权利要求1-2所述的掺合物，其中R2是H、甲基或乙基。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的掺合物，其中R3是氢，且R4是氢。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述的掺合物，其中R5不存在或是亚甲基或亚乙基桥。
6.根据权利要求1-5所述的掺合物，其中所述氨基醇是式Ⅱ的化合物：
其中
R1是C2-C6烷基；以及
R2和R4各自独立地是H或C1-C2烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的掺合物，其中所述氨基醇是2-氨基-3-己醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-3-己醇、3-氨基-4-辛醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-3-庚醇、2-氨基-4-乙基-3-辛醇、2-氨基-3-庚醇、2-氨基-1-苯基丁醇、或它们中两种或多种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-7所述的掺合物，其中所述氨基醇是3-氨基-4-辛醇。
9.根据权利要求1-8所述的掺合物，进一步包括抗微生物有效量的抗微生物剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的掺合物，其中所述抗微生物剂是三嗪、碘代丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯、1，2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮、4，4-二甲基噁唑烷、7-乙基二环噁唑烷、4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的组合、2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的组合、2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇、辛基异噻唑啉酮、二氯-辛基异噻唑啉酮、二溴-辛基异噻唑啉酮、酚类或它们的相应的钠盐或钾盐、吡啶硫酮钠、吡啶硫酮锌、正丁基苯并异噻唑啉酮、1-(3-氯烯丙基)-3，5，7-三氮杂-1-氮鎓金刚烷氯化物、百菌清、多菌灵、二碘甲基甲苯基砜、2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺、戊二醛、N，N’-亚甲基-双-吗啉、亚乙二氧基甲醇、苯氧基乙醇、四羟甲基乙炔双脲、二硫代氨基甲酸盐或酯、2，6-二甲基-间二噁烷-4-醇乙酸酯、二羟甲基-二甲基-乙内酰脲、三(羟甲基)硝基甲烷、二环噁唑烷、(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑、亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)、取代的二氧杂硼烷(dioxaborinane)、四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐、季铵化合物、椰油二胺(cocodiamine)、棉隆或其混合物。
11.根据权利要求9-10所述的掺合物，其中所述含烃组合物是液体燃料，并且所述抗微生物剂是4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的组合、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的组合、(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑和亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)(MBT)的组合、取代的二氧杂硼烷、或它们的混合物。
12.根据权利要求9-10所述的掺合物，其中所述含烃组合物是石油并且所述抗微生物剂是戊二醛、2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇、异噻唑啉酮化合物、2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺、四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐、噁唑烷化合物、季铵、椰油二胺、棉隆、或它们的混合物。
13.一种燃料掺合物，包括：
液体燃料；
腐蚀抑制量的式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇
其中：
R1和R3各自独立地是H、直链或支链的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基，或芳基，或R1、R3和它们连接的碳形成环烷基环，
R2和R4各自独立地是H或烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子；以及
R5不存在或是C1-C10亚烷基、亚芳基、亚芳基-亚烷基-或-亚烷基-亚芳基-，
其中所述氨基醇含有至少5个碳原子，并且其中烷基、环烷基、亚烷基、芳基和亚芳基任选地被烷基或苯基取代；和
抗微生物剂，其选自由以下组成的组：
(i)4-(2-硝基丁基)-吗啉和4，4’-(2-乙基-2-硝基三亚甲基)二吗啉的掺合物；
(ii)5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的掺合物；
(iii)(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑(TCMTB)和亚甲基双(硫氰酸酯)(MBT)的掺合物；以及
(iv)取代的二氧杂硼烷。
14.根据权利要求13所述的燃料掺合物，其中所述氨基醇具有式(Ⅱ)：
其中
R1是C2-C6烷基；以及
R2和R4各自独立地是H或C1-C2烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子。
15.根据权利要求13-14所述的燃料掺合物，其中所述氨基醇是3-氨基-4-辛醇。
16.根据权利要求13-15所述的燃料掺合物，其中氨基醇与抗微生物剂(i)的重量比为约30∶1至1∶1。
17.根据权利要求13-15所述的燃料掺合物，其中氨基醇与抗微生物剂(ii)的重量比优选地为约70∶1至3∶1。
18.一种石油基掺合物，包括：
(a)石油；
(b)式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇
其中：
R1和R3各自独立地是H、直链或支链的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基，或芳基，或R1、R3和它们连接的碳形成环烷基环，
R2和R4各自独立地是H或烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子；以及
R5不存在或是C1-C10亚烷基、亚芳基、亚芳基-亚烷基-或-亚烷基-亚芳基-，
其中所述氨基醇含有至少5个碳原子，并且其中烷基、环烷基、亚烷基、芳基和亚芳基任选地被烷基或苯基取代；和
(c)抗微生物剂，其选自由以下组成的组：戊二醛、2-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇、四(羟甲基)磷鎓硫酸盐(THPS)、2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)、异噻唑啉酮化合物、季铵化合物、椰油二胺；和棉隆。
19.一种为生物柴油燃料提供抗微生物性的方法，所述方法包括在所述生物柴油燃料中包含有效量的式(Ⅰ)的氨基醇：
其中：
R1和R3各自独立地是H、直链或支链的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基，或芳基，或R1、R3和它们连接的碳形成环烷基环，
R2和R4各自独立地是H或烷基，条件是R2和R4一起含有2个以下的碳原子；以及
R5不存在或是C1-C10亚烷基、亚芳基、亚芳基-亚烷基-或-亚烷基-亚芳基-，
其中所述氨基醇含有至少5个碳原子，并且其中烷基、环烷基、亚烷基、芳基和亚芳基任选地被烷基或苯基取代。
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| PCT/US2008/085485 WO2009085552A2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-12-04 | Improved corrosion and microbial control in hydrocarbonaceous compositions |
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| EP2299811B1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2019-03-06 | Angus Chemical Company | Microbial control in hydrocarbonaceous compositions |
| US8697754B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2014-04-15 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Aminoalcohol and biocide compositions for aqueous based systems |
| BRPI1006774A2 (pt) * | 2009-04-06 | 2020-08-25 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | composição biocida estável em temperatura fria, mistura e método para prover resistência a microorganismos |
| DE102009033161A1 (de) * | 2009-07-13 | 2011-01-27 | Schülke & Mayr GmbH | Additivgemsich für die bakterizide und Korrosionsschutzausrüstung von Treib- und Brennstoffen |
| CN102106351A (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-06-29 | 韩国Gas公社 | 用于抑制硫酸盐还原菌繁殖的组合物和方法及片材和钢板 |
| US20170260435A1 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2017-09-14 | Thomas P. Daly | Biological Buffers with Wide Buffering Ranges |
| US8747873B2 (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2014-06-10 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Compositions of dibromomalonamide and their use as biocides |
| EP2892340B1 (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2018-07-11 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Novel compositions comprising p-hydroxybenzylamine |
| EP3387088A4 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-06-19 | Solvay USA Inc. | COMPOSITION OF BIOFUEL TREATMENT LIQUIDS |
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| CA3203137A1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-16 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Use of a detergent additive |
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