CN1019061B - Rare-earth-iron permanent-magnet material of th-mn oral structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rare earth-iron permanent magnetic material of ThMn12 structure, which has the component of R(FeMx)12, wherein R is a rare earth element, M is a third element, and the numerical value of x is from 0.1 to 0.3. A proper number (with the atomic ratio of 0 to 30%) of other elements, such as Co, Ni, Cu, V materials, can be doped in the component. The present invention can be widely applied to electric appliance motors and electronic instruments.

Description

Rare-earth-iron permanent-magnet material of Th-Mn oral structure

This invention belongs to field of magnetic material.

Existing rare earth permanent-magnetic material has developed the three generations, and first and second generation is with SmCo ₅And Sm ₂Co ₁₇The intermetallic alloy of type rare earth-cobalt is representative, sees document E.A.Nesbitt and J.H.Wernick Rare Earth Permanent Magnets Academie Press New rork and Landon 1973.The third generation develops into Nd ₂Fe ₁₄The Type B magnet is seen document M.Sagawa, F.Fujimura, N.Togawa, H.Yamamoto and Y.Matsuura, J.Appl.Phys, 55(1984) 2083.

Since first and second in generation rare earth permanent-magnetic material, its composition mainly is a cobalt, and the resource scarcity of cobalt, the material cost costliness.Thereby to develop into iron be the third generation Nd of main component ₂Fe ₁₄The permanent magnetic material of Type B, but the temperature performance of this type magnet is not good enough, simultaneously, and Nd only ₂Fe ₁₄The Type B magnet, kind is single.See above-mentioned one, two, the existing deficiency of three generations's rare earth permanent-magnetic material, still need to open up and develop new rare earth-fe permanent magnetic material.Poplar Ying Chang in 1981 etc. at first succeed in developing has ThMn ₁₂The R(Fe of type crystal structure, Mn) ₁₂And R(Fe, Al) ₁₂The rare earth intermetallic compound of rich Fe, seeing reference the document poplar should be prosperous, Acta Metallurgica Sinica the 17th volume (1981) 335Y, C.Yang et al., J.Appl.phys., 52(1981) 2077 and Y.C.Yang et al., J.Appl.phys., 53(1982) 1958 on this basis, in recent years, further succeed in developing R(Fe, Ti) ₁₂, R(Fe, V) ₁₂Deng the rare-earth-iron intermetallic compound, it seems from its intrinsic magnetic properties, can be used to make the high-coercive force permanent magnet.The document K.H.J.Bushow that sees reference, J.Appl.Phys., 63(1988) 3130 and Ying-chang Yang et al., J.Appl.Phys., 63(1988) 3702.The present invention is has ThMn ₁₂The permanent magnetism manufacturing process of the rare-earth-iron intermetallic compound of type structure.

Subject matter of the present invention is as follows:

At first, ThMn ₁₂The rare earth-fe permanent magnetic material of type structure, its composition are R(Fe _1-xM _x) ₁₂, wherein R is a rare earth element, and M is an element, can be elements such as Mn, Al, Ti, Ga, Zn as M, and the numerical value of x is between 0.1-0.3.Crystal structure is ThMn ₁₂The type body-centered structure of the quartet.X x ray diffraction spectral line and lattice constant are seen attached list.

Subordinate list: Sm(Ti _0.1Fe _0.9) ₁₂X x ray diffraction spectral line

Lattice constant a=8.575

c＝4.800

Hkl d( ) (measured value) d( ) (calculated value) 1%(measured value)

211 2.9894 2.9890 20

310 2.7037 2.7058 14

301 2.4494 2.4511 42

002 2.3921 2.3955 22

400 2.1405 2.1401 78

321 2.1263 2.1275 100

202 2.0918 2.0908 69

420 1.9157 1.9145 15

411 1.9066 1.9055 15

222 1.8788 1.8790 29

312 1.7957 1.7947 8

510 1.6799 1.6795 8

501 1.6119 1.6130 5

332 1.5443 1.5442 9

440 1.5135 1.5141 23

521 1.5095 1.5096 16

422 1.4976 1.4964 12

530 1.4698 1.4690 14

303 1.3952 1.3948 6

512 1.3761 1.3760 7

611 1.3524 1.3512 11

323 1.3267 1.3263 19

532 1.2532 1.2530 15

631 1.2346 1.2342 23

602 1.2264 1.2269 35

550 1.2115 1.2119 5

004 1.1986 1.1991 34

622 1.1796 1.1795 5

721 1.1420 1.1430 9

Sm(TiFe wherein) ₁₂Magnetic as follows:

The C axle is a direction of easy axis, anisotropy field H _A, under room temperature, be 104 kilooersteds; When temperature is 1.5K, its H _ABe 268 kilooersteds.Curie temperature Tc is 600K.Saturation magnetization Ms at room temperature is 935 Gausses; When temperature was 1.5K, Ms was 1027 Gausses.The theoretical value of maximum magnetic energy product (BH) _MaxAbout 41,000,000 is high difficult to understand.

Secondly, at above-mentioned R(Fe _1-xM _x) ₁₂In the composition, other element such as Co, Ni, Cu, V, Cr, Mo, the Fe of Zr replacement equivalent or the Curie temperature Tc that M can further improve magnetic material of (atomic ratio 0.1% to 30%) in right amount mix, be that Tc can be up to 600-1000K, and improve saturation magnetic moment, can be as the Fe atomic magnetic moment from 1.65 μ _B-1.80 μ _B, and the coercive force of magnet can reach 6 kilooersteds-9 kilooersted.

In addition, this invention ThMn ₁₂Fast cold-set process has been adopted in the making of the rare-earth-iron permanent magnet of type structure, makes the magnet of high-coercive force.The numerical value of its HCJ can reach 6 kilooersteds-9 kilooersted.

This technical process is: by prescription composition batching, master alloy melting in arc furnace or induction furnace.Foundry alloy is put into silica crucible or boron nitride crucible.The diameter of nozzle is the 0.1-1 millimeter, and the distance at nozzle and copper roller edge is the 0.1-0.5 millimeter, melts in induction furnace.Be ejected on the copper roller at the alloy that makes fusion under the high pressure ar gas acting then, the alloy chilling forms amorphous.The linear velocity of copper roller is the 20-25 meter per second.The amorphous thin ribbon that obtains is heated to 630-700 ℃ in a vacuum, makes the amorphous thin ribbon crystallization become crystallite.After 800-850 ℃ of heat treatment 5-10 minute, be quenched to room temperature then.

Its fast cold-set process process and each parameter can be summarized as follows:

On the basis of the above, can continue to hold concurrently with traditional sintered magnet technology, i.e. abrasive dust in addition, the magnetic field orientating die mould, sintering is made anisotropy magnet.

Because the magnetic material of this invention, its main component is an iron, and iron cheap, raw material is sufficient, yet performance can replace SmCo again ₅Deng rare earth-cobalt permanent magnet.This is the Nd that continues ₂Fe ₁₄A kind of new rare earth-fe permanent magnetic material after the B.It can be widely used in electrical equipment, motor and the electronic instrument.

Embodiment

Smelting nut alloy, composition adopts SmTi(Fe _1-xT _x) ₁₂, wherein T is its above-mentioned kind element, x is 0.01-0.2, will add excessive Sm(during prescription between 5%-30%).

Adopt fast cold-set process, make amorphous with the method that single roller is fast cold, about 25 meter per seconds of cooldown rate, to the amorphous sample heating crystallization of producing, about 640 ℃ of crystallization temperature is heat-treated again, about 800 ℃ of treatment temperature, about 10 minutes of temperature retention time.

Magnet performance is Curie temperature Tc600K-800K, HCJ iHc 6 kilooersteds-8 kilooersted.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of technology of making rare earth-fe permanent magnetic material, this permanent magnetic material is to have ThMn ₁₂Type crystal structure, composition are R (Fe _1-xM _x) ₁₂Intermetallic compound, wherein R is a rare earth element, M is an element, as Mn, Al, Ti, Ca, Zn etc., the value of x is 0.1-0.3, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

Foundry alloy is carried out fast cold curing processing make it form amorphous, copper roller linear velocity is the 20-25 meter per second, and the heating crystallization temperature is 630-700 ℃, and heat treatment temperature is 800-850 ℃, time 5-10 minute.