CN101902242B - Radio-frequency front-end circuit with single-ended input differential output applied to ultra-wideband system - Google Patents
Radio-frequency front-end circuit with single-ended input differential output applied to ultra-wideband system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101902242B CN101902242B CN2010102255399A CN201010225539A CN101902242B CN 101902242 B CN101902242 B CN 101902242B CN 2010102255399 A CN2010102255399 A CN 2010102255399A CN 201010225539 A CN201010225539 A CN 201010225539A CN 101902242 B CN101902242 B CN 101902242B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated circuits of a radio-frequency wireless receiver, and in particular relates to a radio-frequency front-end circuit with single-ended input differential output applied to an ultra-wideband system. The radio-frequency front-end circuit consists of a low noise amplifier (LNA) and an orthogonal mixer, wherein the LNA has a single-ended input differential output structure and consists of two stages so as to adapt to a larger input signal range required by the ultra-wideband system; the orthogonal mixer consists of an I path and a Q path, and the two paths share an input amplifying tube; the mixer adopts a current injection technique and a current injection tube is used as part of the input amplifying tube so as to improve the performance of the mixer; and the LNA and the mixer are connected with each other through a unit gain buffer so as to reduce the influence of large input capacitance of the mixer on the load of the LNA. The radio-frequency front-end circuit has the advantages of simple structure, variable gain, low power consumption, wide using band, small chip area, reduction in the use of an off-chip element, and contribution to realizing singlechip integration.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless radiofrequency receiver ic technical field, be specifically related to a kind of single-ended radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit (RF front-end) that turns the both-end function that has of that be applied to ultra broadband (UWB) 3.1 ~ 10.6G standard or its band segment.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the develop rapidly of various mobile communication system and wireless data transmission technology such as IEEE802.11a/b/g, WLAN, UWB etc., the demand of high performance video receiver is also being strengthened.Front-end module in the receiver comprises low noise amplifier and frequency mixer, the small-signal of being responsible for respectively receiving amplify and under be mixed to low-frequency range, then give the rear class baseband portion and carry out filtering and amplification.Because the carrier frequency of the data transmission technology of UWB standard is higher, the signal bandwidth of employing is larger, and radio-frequency transmitter need to amplify with digitized signal the wireless signal that is in high-frequency very or very large bandwidth to be processed.Simultaneously, mobile communication or the wireless technology overwhelming majority are applied on the handheld terminal, and this just requires the signal of handheld terminal to receive and transmitter must reduce power consumption as far as possible to lengthen working hours.
For traditional radio-frequency transmitter, the low noise amplifier (LNA) of general employing differential configuration and the frequency mixer (Mixer) of differential configuration link to each other and consist of the front-end circuit of differential-input differential output, like this when this front-end circuit links to each other with antenna, need to add extra sheet and singly turn two devices outward, be balun, this can introduce larger loss, is unfavorable for also realizing that single-chip is integrated; Another kind of traditional radio-frequency transmitter is to adopt the low noise amplifier of single-ended input Single-end output as the first order, then singly turn double circuit in sheet of cascade, down-conversion mixer of last cascade consists of front-end circuit, such circuit is suppressing all not very good from performance aspect the noise of power supply, substrate and other interference sources, because what first order LNA adopted is single-ended structure, can not the aberration separation structure will be converted into common-mode noise from the noise of power supply, substrate and other interference like that and be eliminated.For both cascades, traditional structure is LNA directly to be linked to each other with Mixer or link to each other by a capacitance, and usually because the Mixer input capacitance is larger, the performance of LNA can be subject to the larger impact of rear class like this.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that prior art exists, the present invention has designed a kind of radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit, can be applicable to satisfy UWB (in the full frequency band of 3.1 ~ 10.6GHz) standards or the receiver of band segment.The present invention also wants to realize the function of gain-variable and the single-ended input of signal, both-end output except the requirement of the low noise that can satisfy general front-end circuit, high-gain etc.
The front-end circuit of the present invention's design, its overall structure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.It is comprised of the low noise amplifier (LNA) of single-ended input difference output and orthogonal mixer (Mixer) two parts of I/Q two-way merging.Described low noise amplifier also amplifies input signal from the single-ended difference that transfers to, and described orthogonal mixer will be mixed to low frequency under the signal so that the rear class baseband portion is processed.
Wherein low noise amplifier as shown in Figure 2, it is single-ended input difference export structure, consisted of by two-stage circuit, wherein the first order is for singly turning double circuit, transfer single-ended signal to differential signal, and suitable gain, the second level are provided is difference channel, provide variable gain, to satisfy the UWB standard to input signal requirement in a big way; Orthogonal mixer as shown in Figure 3, it be take the Gilbert element circuit as the basis, the radio frequency amplifier tube on I road and Q road is merged into one the tunnel, namely I/Q two-way amplifier tube merges to reduce the Mixer input capacitance to the impact of prime LNA; Adopt in addition the technology of electric current injection and current multiplexing, be about to the electric current ascending pipe simultaneously as the part of radio frequency input pipe, to improve mixer gain and to reach the linearity, reduce noise.
Among the present invention, LNA is connected a unit gain with Mixer buffer (buffer) connects, as shown in Figure 4.This buffer is a simple source follower, and its gain is 1, and therefore input capacitance has very great help for the performance that improves LNA and whole radio-frequency front-end much smaller than the input capacitance of Mixer.
With respect to the structure of traditional front-end circuit, the present invention has mainly done following outstanding improvement:
At first, LNA is improved.Described in front " background technology ", LNA or single-ended structure or differential configuration that traditional radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit adopts, and these two kinds of structures respectively have shortcoming separately.Adopt the structure of single-ended input difference output among the design, as shown in Figure 2.Larger owing to the desired input range of UWB system in addition, so the employing of the LNA among the design two-layer configuration, and gain-variable.Wherein the first order is used for improving with signal from the single-ended difference that transfers to, and preferably Input matching and certain gain are provided simultaneously, and the second level provides variable gain to satisfy the UWB system to the requirement of input signal.So both to have overcome differential configuration need sheet singly to turn the shortcoming of two devices outward, also improved the shortcoming that single-ended structure can not suppress power supply, substrate noise.
Low noise amplifier among the design, its Input matching are mainly determined by the first order, according to inputting small-signal equivalent circuit figure, can obtaining input impedance are:
L wherein
CgRepresent first order input inductance, g
McgThe representative input is bank tube M altogether
CgMutual conductance, C
InSo represent the parasitic capacitance of input, mainly comprise the source parasitic capacitance of common bank tube, the parasitic capacitance of the grid end parasitic capacitance of common source pipe and input PAD.Can find out that input impedance depends mainly on altogether bank tube mutual conductance g of first order input
McgWith the input inductance L
CgFor gain, then jointly determined by two-stage, its expression formula is:
G in the following formula
McgAnd g
McsRepresent respectively to be total among the first order LNA mutual conductance of bank tube and common source pipe, R
Cg, R
CsAnd L
Cg, L
CsThen represent respectively the common grid of first order LNA and load resistance and the load inductance of common source two-way.And g
M1, g
M2And g
M3Then represent respectively the mutual conductance of the input amplifier tube M1 of second level LNA, common bank tube M2 and variable gain pipe M3, Z
LThe laod network that then represents second level LNA.
For noiseproof feature, because first order LNA provides larger gain, therefore main impact is in the first order.According to small-signal analysis, the noise factor expression formula that we can obtain first order LNA is:
G in the following formula
McgAnd g
McsRepresent respectively to be total among the first order LNA mutual conductance of bank tube and common source pipe, Z
OpAnd Z
OnExpression is total to the load impedance of grid branch road and common source branch road respectively, and R
OpAnd R
OnExpression is total to the load resistance of grid branch road and common source branch road, R respectively
sThen represent the input source impedance, be generally 50 Ω.
Secondly, Mixer improves to down-conversion mixer.Traditional take the I/Q two-way frequency mixer of Gilbert element circuit as the basis, normally adopt two Gilbert unit respectively as I, Q two-way, like this prime LNA with load will be the input capacitance of two-way, because the input pipe of Mixer is larger, the input parasitic capacitance is also very large like this, and is larger to the performance impact of prime LNA.In the design, adopt the radio frequency amplifier tube on I road and Q road is merged into one tunnel technology to reduce the Mixer input capacitance to the impact of prime LNA; Adopt in addition the technology of electric current injection and current multiplexing, be about to the electric current ascending pipe simultaneously as the part of radio frequency input pipe,, gain and the linearity reduction noise etc. as improving to improve the various aspects of performance of frequency mixer itself.Mixer circuit structure among the design as shown in Figure 3.
The 3rd, improve for the cascade of LNA and Mixer.In traditional structure, LNA and Mixer are direct-coupling or AC coupled, and the impact that brings like this is exactly that the larger input capacitance of Mixer is on the impact of LNA performance.In this design, we pass through the buffer of a unit gain to connecting LNA and Mixer.Because the input capacitance of this buffer itself is very little, therefore very little to the LNA performance impact, this is conducive to further improve the performance of LNA and whole front-end circuit.The buffer of this unit gain adopts better simply source follower structure, and second level LNA direct-coupling.Its circuit structure diagram as shown in Figure 4.
Radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit of the present invention is simple in structure, gain-variable, and noise is lower, and service band is wide.And chip area is little, and this circuit has also been realized the single-ended function that turns both-end simultaneously, is convenient to directly link to each other with antenna, thereby has reduced the use of sheet external component, has promoted the further integrated of chip.The video receiver chip that can be used for the technical standards such as mobile communication, wireless broadband network and Wireless Data Transmission.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is front-end circuit overall structure of the present invention and applied environment schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the employed LNA electrical block diagram of front-end circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the employed Mixer electrical block diagram of front-end circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is for connecting the unit gain buffer schematic diagram of LNA and Mixer.
Fig. 5 is the Input matching analogous diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the conversion gain analogous diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the noise Simulation figure of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is that the input of the specific embodiment of the invention is put analogous diagram with reference to third order intermodulation.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
For LNA shown in Figure 2, input signal is first through series connection bonding inductance L
Bonding(stray inductance that the bonding line is introduced during analog chip bonding is about 0.8nH) and pad capacitor C in parallel
Pad(parasitic capacitance that the PAD of analog chip and ESD circuit are introduced is about 100fF) is by capacitance C
C1To the input point that is total to grid branch road and common source branch road.For common grid branch road, input signal is through the input inductance L
CgGround connection meets altogether bank tube M of input simultaneously
CgSource, M
CgDrain terminal for output anode, meet simultaneously load resistance R
Cg, R
CgThe end of another termination load differential inductance L1.For the common source branch road, input signal is through capacitance C
C2Meet input common source pipe M
CsThe grid end, M simultaneously
CsThe grid end connect a bias voltage through biasing resistor.M
CsThe source ground connection of pipe, drain terminal meets load resistance R simultaneously for the negative terminal of output
Cs, R
CsThe other end of another termination load differential inductance L1.The positive and negative end of LNA1 output is through capacitance C
C3And C
C4Arrive the grid end of the input amplifier tube M1 of LNA2, M1 pipe source ground connection, drain terminal connects the source of common bank tube M2 and the source of variable gain pipe M3, M3 pipe grid termination control voltage, drain terminal connects supply voltage; Bank tube M2 drain terminal is as the output of LNA2, on the one hand by load resistance R altogether
L1, R
L2L2 is connected to supply voltage with load inductance, directly is connected on the other hand the grid end of the input pipe M4 of unity gain buffer, as shown in Figure 4.The drain terminal of M4 pipe connects supply power, and source then is connected to next stage as output through capacitance, is connected to ground through offset M5 simultaneously.
For Mixer shown in Figure 3, input signal is connected to the grid end of amplifier tube M1 through capacitance.M1 pipe source ground connection, drain terminal is connected to the source of this vibration tube M2, is connected to simultaneously the source of electric current ascending pipe M3.The drain terminal of M2 pipe then is connected to the next stage circuit as output, on the other hand by load resistance R
LBe connected to supply voltage.The grid end of electric current ascending pipe M3 is connected to the grid end of input pipe M1, and M1 manages together amplification input signal, and drain terminal then is connected to supply voltage.
The radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit of this structure is applied to MB-OFDM UWB 6-9GHz frequency range, and its specific design parameter is:
For LNA shown in Figure 2 and buffer shown in Figure 4:
L
bonding=0.8nH，L
cg=2.58nH，L
1=L
2=3.52nH；
C
pad=100fF，C
c1=C
c2=1.4pF，C
c3=C
c4=4.7pF；
R
cg=250Ω，R
cs=150Ω，R
L1=R
L2=110Ω；
W
Mcg=25um， W
Mcs=62.5um， W
M1=W
M2=20um， W
M3=140um；
W
M4=28um， W
M5=20um；
L
Mcg=L
Mcs=L
M1 =L
M2 =L
M3 =L
M4 =L
M5 = 130nm；
V
b1=V
b2=550mV，V
b3=600mV，V
b4=1.2V，V
b=600mV；
Wherein the total current of LNA and buffer is 14.5mA, and total power consumption is 17.4mW.
For Mixer shown in Figure 3:
C
c1=C
c2=1.1pF； R
L=350Ω；V
binp=V
binn=610mV
W
M1=40um，W
M2=30um，W
M3=60um；
L
M1 =L
M2 =L
M3 =130nm。
Simulation results such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8, from diagram, can find out in frequency range 6-9 GHz scope, S11＜-12dB, conversion gain is 23.7 ~ 25.1dB under the large gain mode, NF is between 4.6 ~ 5.1, conversion gain is 10 ~ 12.4dB under the little gain mode, and linearity IIP3 is about-6.76dBm.Can find out, circuit has good broadband performance.
Claims (3)
1. radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit that is applied to the single-ended input difference output of UWB system, it is characterized in that: formed by the low noise amplifier of single-ended input difference output and orthogonal mixer two parts of I/Q two-way merging, described low noise amplifier also amplifies input signal from the single-ended difference that transfers to, and described orthogonal mixer will be mixed to low frequency under the signal so that the rear class baseband portion is processed; Wherein:
Described low noise amplifier adopts single-ended input difference export structure, consisted of by two-stage circuit, wherein the first order is for singly turning double circuit, transfer single-ended signal to differential signal, and provide suitable gain, the second level is difference channel, and variable gain is provided, to satisfy the UWB standard to input signal requirement in a big way.
2. radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described orthogonal mixer is take the Gilbert element circuit as the basis, merges into one the tunnel with the radio frequency amplifier tube on I road and Q road; With the part of electric current ascending pipe while as the radio frequency input pipe, to improve mixer gain and the linearity, reduce noise in addition.
3. radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described low noise amplifier and is connected the buffer connection of orthogonal mixer by a unit gain.
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| CN2010102255399A CN101902242B (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2010-07-14 | Radio-frequency front-end circuit with single-ended input differential output applied to ultra-wideband system |
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| CN2010102255399A CN101902242B (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2010-07-14 | Radio-frequency front-end circuit with single-ended input differential output applied to ultra-wideband system |
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| CN101902242B true CN101902242B (en) | 2013-10-16 |
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| CN102163982B (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | OOK (on-off keying) receiving device with low power consumption |
| CN102790595B (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-12-17 | 杭州中科微电子有限公司 | Single ended differential gain amplifier with configurable radio frequency broadband gain |
| CN102347780B (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2014-10-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Radio frequency receiving front-end circuit with adjustable gain |
| CN105281681B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2018-08-28 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | A kind of broadband single to differential amplifier |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1419744A (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-05-21 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Front end and high frequency receiver having quadrature low noise amplifier |
| CN1794594A (en) * | 2005-12-31 | 2006-06-28 | 清华大学 | Front-ene circuit of two-step double-orthogonal zero medium frequency structure receiver of global digital broadcasting |
| CN1874167A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-06 | 鼎芯通讯（上海）有限公司 | Low mid frequency wireless receiver of automatic calibration circuit with image suppression |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1419744A (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-05-21 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Front end and high frequency receiver having quadrature low noise amplifier |
| CN1874167A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-06 | 鼎芯通讯（上海）有限公司 | Low mid frequency wireless receiver of automatic calibration circuit with image suppression |
| CN1794594A (en) * | 2005-12-31 | 2006-06-28 | 清华大学 | Front-ene circuit of two-step double-orthogonal zero medium frequency structure receiver of global digital broadcasting |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 超宽带系统CMOS全集成射频收发器设计;郑仁亮等;《2009年中国通信集成电路技术与应用研讨会论文集》;20090715;17-25 * |
| 郑仁亮等.超宽带系统CMOS全集成射频收发器设计.《2009年中国通信集成电路技术与应用研讨会论文集》.2009,17-25. |
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