CN101892437B - Mirror polishability superior low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Mirror polishability superior low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses good-mirror polishability low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel and a manufacturing method thereof. The impurities are reduced by adding a small amount of Ca and Al and controlling the oxygen content based on 304 steel components, and the content of nickel equivalent forming elements Ni, Mn, N and C and chromium equivalent forming elements Cr and Si is reasonably determined so as to guarantee Ni-bal to be 0-2.0 for controlling the structure stability of the austenite. In the rolling process, the second phase precipitation is avoided by improving the finish rolling temperature and reducing the coiling temperature, wherein the finish rolling temperature is between 1,000 and 1,050 DEG C, and the coiling temperature is between 500 and 700 DEG C, a hot-rolled steel coil is subjected to 1 to 3 passes of cold-rolling before annealing, the pass pressing amount is no less than 10 percent, the accumulated pass pressing ratio is no more than 35 percent, and the austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled steel coil is obtained through low-temperature annealing at the temperature of between 800 and 950 DEG C and acid-washing. The hot-rolled steel coil has the advantages of low impurity level, low magnetic property, and good hardness and polishing performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of austenitic stainless steel and method of manufacture thereof, relate in particular to a kind of good-mirror polishability in fields such as electron device, phone housing and the austenitic stainless steel and method of manufacture thereof of low magnetic property of being mainly used in.
Background technology
Field such as electron device and mobile phone has good mechanical performance, corrosion resistance nature and processability with austenitic stainless steel except requiring it, also requires to have good polishing performance and no magnetic or low magnetic property.Be applied at present this field many be 304 types of austenitic stainless steels, in the majority with cold-reduced sheet especially because cold-reduced sheet has more excellent surface quality and polishing performance.And use steel for the portions of electronics industry, Cold Rolled Plate Thickness can't satisfy its actual demand, and cost is higher; Therefore generally all adopt hot-rolled sheet to replace cold-reduced sheet; And hot-rolled sheet surface is surface after the pickling, and its roughness is generally 2～5 μ m, can use after need being polished to minute surface.
For the austenite stainless steel hot-rolled sheet of conventional ingredient and explained hereafter, as 304, there are defectives such as pit, pin hole, easy rust staining in its surface of polished, and polishing time is long and material wastage rate is higher.For austenitic stainless steel 304, the hardness that two important indicators that influence its polishing performance are material itself and inner quality (separating out mutually) like inclusion grade, second.304 austenitic stainless steels for common process production; Because solidity to corrosion in order to guarantee that it is excellent; Generally need hot rolling or cold rolling after carry out solution heat treatment, this has just caused its low hardness and wear resistance, and if do not carry out anneal; Will separate out and influence its solidity to corrosion and mirror polishability owing to carbide, therefore improving hardness be the direction that solves such technical barrier with improving the material internal performance.
The solution that improves hot rolling austenitic stainless steel hardness at present mainly is directly to use through the smooth back of the room temperature of solid solution attitude austenitic stainless steel being carried out heavy reduction; But cold deformation is prone to cause material inside organization inhomogeneous, hardness along the cross-wise direction skewness, the steel plate planeness is relatively poor and magnetic permeability is higher; It is longer to prepare the said material work flow in addition, and cost is higher, and steel plate thickness specification is limited.
Open patent 2001-247938 discloses the preparation method of a kind of used for electronic device HS, high flat degree austenitic stainless steel, and its disclosed composition is: 0.01%＜carbon＜0.08%, 0.1%＜silicon＜2.0%; Mn＜3.0%, 10.0%＜chromium＜20.0%, 3.0%＜nickel＜12.0%; 0.08%＜nitrogen＜0.25%; 0.01%＜niobium＜0.50%, and Md=500-458 (C+N)-9 (Si+Mn)-13Cr-19Ni-65Nb is greater than 0 less than 80, surplus are iron and unlike evitable impurity.Direct cold rolling after the hot rolling, draft are 20%, apply less than the tension force of material yield intensity below 0.2% at 650 ℃～1000 ℃ then, and keep below the 300s.This material has HS, high firmness and low unrelieved stress; But because said material has only solved the high firmness problem; And do not solve the polishability problem of material, because this alloy is through the reinforcement that separates out of Nb-N compound, these particles of separating out can influence the mirror polishability of material.
Patent CN 1166805C discloses a kind of straight shape degree good high strength and high hardness austenic stainless steel belt and method of manufacture thereof, and its disclosed chemical ingredients is: carbon＜0.20%, silicon＜4.0%; Mn＜5.0%; 12.0%＜chromium＜20.0%, 3.0%＜nickel＜12.0%, nitrogen＜0.15%; Molybdenum＜5.0%, surplus are that iron reaches unlike evitable impurity.And Md (N) value is in the scope of 0-125.Its method of manufacture is to carry out solution treatment after the hot rolling, and cold rolling back is 500-700 ℃ of insulation.Such stainless steel improves intensity and hardness through the deformation induced martensite phase transformation, replys through partial martensite and makes the steel band straight shapeization.But, can not satisfy desired excellent polishing property of said material and low magnetic owing to still exist more martensite to separate out mutually in the material with second.
Patent JP09003605A discloses a kind of austenitic stainless steel that has excellent polishing property through extrusion molding, and its disclosed composition is: carbon 0.01-0.10%, silicon≤1.0%; Manganese≤3.0%, nickel 6.0-10.0%, chromium 15.0-19.0%; Copper 1.0-4.0%; Aluminium 0.2-2.5%, nitrogen≤0.05%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.Improve its hardness through nickel equivalent being controlled to be 21.0-22.5 and grain fineness number greater than 8 grades, thereby improve its polishability.But because said material is that the specification that can produce, production cost and scale all have considerable restraint through extrusion molding.
Patent JP03023001A discloses a kind of method of manufacture of improvement 304 polishabilities; Its disclosed method of manufacture is: hot-rolled coil carries out cold rolling behind annealing and pickling; 304 surface hardnesses are brought up to 300Hv; Heart portion brings up to 250Hv, through the abrasive band surfaceness is milled to 0.2 μ m, thereby makes material have good polishing performance.This method also is to produce martensite through material cold working to improve hardness, improves its polishing performance through reducing surfaceness.But can there be martensite in material internal and causes its big magnetic permeability.
The contrast of related patent U.S. Patent No. composition, as shown in table 1:
The contrast of table 1 related patent U.S. Patent No. composition
| Patent | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | Al | O | Ca | Other |
| 2001 -247 938 | 0.01 ～ 0.08 | 0.1 ～ 2.0 | ＜ 3.0 | - | - | 10 ～ 20 | 3 ～ 12 | 0.08 ～ 0.25 | - | - | - | 0.01 ～ 0.50 Nb |
| CN 1166 805C | ＜ 0.20 | ＜4.0 | ＜5.0 | - | - | 12 ～ 20 | 3 ～ 12 | ＜ 0.15 | - | - | - | ＜5.0 Mo |
| JP09 0036 05A | 0.01 ～ 0.10 | ≤ 1.0 | ≤ 3.0 | - | - | 6.0-1 0.0 | 15.0 ～ 19.0 | ≤ 0.05 | 0.2 ～ 2.5 | - | - | - |
| JP03 023 001 A | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.04 5 | ≤ 0.03 | 18 ～ 20 | 8 ～ 10 | ≤ 0.11 | - | - | - | - |
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of through improving hardness, minimizing inclusion and reducing carbide and separate out good low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel and the method for manufacture thereof of polishability that obtains, to improve the performance of traditional austenitic stainless steel.
Design of the present invention: on the basis based on 304 composition of steel; Ca, Al and control oxygen level through adding trace reduce inclusion; Adjustment nickel chromium triangle equivalent is 0～2 to control austenitic stability, and through improving finishing temperature and reducing curling temperature and avoid second to separate out mutually, it is cold rolling directly to carry out 1～3 passage after the hot rolling in the operation of rolling; Reduction in pass is not less than 10%, and the accumulative total percentage pass reduction is not more than 35%; Pickling obtains the austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled coil after 800～950 ℃ of annealing, makes such stainless steel have good polishing performance, and has low magnetic property.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
A kind of low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel of good-mirror polishability, its chemical component weight per-cent is:
Cr 17.00～21.00％；
Ni 8.00～10.00％；
N 0.05～0.20％；
C ≤0.05％；
Mn ≤2.00％；
Si 0.3～1.0％；
P ≤0.03％；
S ≤0.005％；
Ca 0.0010-0.0050％；
O ≤0.0050％；
Al 0.010～0.060％；
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
And, C+N＞0.10%.
Preferably, this stainless Ni-bal scope is 0～2.0;
Wherein, described Ni-bal adopts computes:
Ni-bal＝Ni％+30(C％+N％)+0.5Mn％-1.1(Cr％+1.5Si％+Mo％+0.5Nb％)+8.2。
Nitrogen and carbon are strong austenite formers, increase the carbon nitrogen content and not only can reduce the ferrite content in the austenitic stainless steel, increase the stability of austenitic stainless steel, can also the solid solution austenite improve intensity and hardness in mutually.But the increase of excessive carbon and nitrogen element can make carbonitride separate out again, thereby influences the polishability of material, therefore the nitrogen element is controlled to be less than 0.20%, and carbon content is controlled to be less than 0.05%, and C+N is greater than 0.10%.
Good polishability just requires the austenitic stainless steel endogenous inclusion tiny, and proper C a, Al add can pure steel, improve inclusion morphology, thereby reduced the inclusion grade, help the raising of polishing performance; But this content can not be too high, and too high can causing again forms new inclusion and precipitated phase, thereby influences the polishing performance of material.With Control for Oxygen Content is less than 0.005%, also is in order further to reduce the inclusion grade, if because too high oxygen level forms inclusion easily in the material, too high oxygen level also shows and formed too much oxide inclusion in the material simultaneously.
Rationally confirm the content of nickel equivalent forming element Ni, Mn, N, C and chromium equivalent forming element Cr, Si; To guarantee that Ni-bal is 0～2; Calculation formula according to Ni-bal can be found out; The Ni-bal value is high more, shows that this austenitic stainless steel nickel equivalent is high more, and promptly austenite structure is stable more in the process of deformation.When Ni-bal less than 0 the time, such austenitic stainless steel will produce a large amount of martensite deformation in the process of cold deformation, material still has certain magnetic after the low-temperature annealing.And will cause austenite structure too stable greater than 2 the time as Ni-bal, and in cold worked process, can not produce work hardening, the hardness of material improves not obvious after low-temperature annealing.
Particularly; The present invention is 0～2 to guarantee the stability of its austenite structure through adjustment Ni-bal; Control through the carbon nitrogen content is to guarantee the hardness and the austenitic stability of material; Through adding micro-Ca, Al element and control oxygen level, improve its polishing performance less than 0.005% to reduce austenitic stainless steel endogenous inclusion grade.
A kind of method of manufacture of low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel of above-mentioned good-mirror polishability, it comprises the steps:
1) continuously cast bloom that obtains according to casting after the said proportioning melting;
2) hot rolling behind heat tracing, finishing temperature scope are 1000～1050 ℃; Be chilled to 500～700 ℃ soon, and under this temperature, curl;
3) it is cold rolling to carry out 1～3 passage, reduction in pass>=10%, accumulative total percentage pass reduction≤35%;
4) carry out low-temperature annealing thermal treatment at 800～950 ℃;
5) pickling.
Preferably, it is cold rolling to carry out 1 passage in the step 3).
The present invention makes it compared with prior art owing to adopted above technical scheme, and have the following advantages and positively effect: the austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled coil that the present invention obtained has good hardness; Be that hardness is greater than 240Hv; Lower inclusion grade, i.e. A+B+C+D≤2.5 grade, single-phase austenite structure and low magnetic or nonmagnetic ability, this permeance is less than 1.2Gs/Oe; Therefore have good polishing performance, can be applied to fields such as electronic devices and components and phone housing.
Embodiment
A kind of low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel of good-mirror polishability, its weight percent component is: Cr17.00～21.00%; Ni 8.00～10.00%; N 0.05～0.20%; C≤0.05%; Mn≤2.00%; Si 0.3～1.0%; P≤0.03%; S≤0.005%; Ca 0.0010-0.0050%; O≤0.0050%; Al 0.010～0.060%; Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities; And, C+N＞0.10%, the Ni-bal scope is 0～2.0; Described Ni-bal adopts computes:
Ni-bal＝Ni％+30(C％+N％)+0.5Mn％-1.1(Cr％+1.5Si％+Mo％+0.5Nb％)+8.2。
A kind of method of manufacture of low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel of above-mentioned good-mirror polishability, it comprises the steps: 1) according to the continuously cast bloom of casting and obtaining after the said proportioning melting; 2) hot rolling behind heat tracing, finishing temperature scope are 1000～1050 ℃; Be chilled to 500～700 ℃ soon, and under this temperature, curl; 3) it is cold rolling to carry out 1～3 passage, (preferred 1 passage is cold rolling) reduction in pass>=10%, accumulative total percentage pass reduction≤35%; 4) carry out low-temperature annealing thermal treatment at 800～950 ℃; 5) pickling.
Avoid second to separate out mutually through improving finishing temperature with the curling temperature of reduction in the operation of rolling, wherein finishing temperature is 1000～1050 ℃, and curling temperature is 500～700 ℃.
In the course of hot rolling of austenitic stainless steel, finishing temperature helps the dynamic recrystallization of austenite in course of hot rolling in time more than 1000～1050 ℃, can avoid subsequent anneal thermal treatment, in this temperature, does not also have second and separates out mutually; And finishing temperature is crossed and is unfavorable for the dynamic recrystallization in the course of hot rolling when low.The temperature of curling is formulated a low temperature, mainly is to show through calphad, does not have carboritride in this temperature range and separates out, and also can avoid follow-up solution heat treatment, thereby but helps improving the hardness and polishability of material.
Hot-rolled coil carries out before annealing that 1～3 passage is cold rolling, and reduction in pass is not less than 10%, and the accumulative total percentage pass reduction is not more than 35%, and pickling obtains the austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled coil after 800～950 ℃ of low-temperature annealings.
Hot-rolled coil does not carry out annealing and pickling and directly carries out cold rollingly, mainly is because the hot rolling attitude adopts high finishing temperature and low curling temperature, thereby has avoided second to separate out mutually, and make material guarantee good hardness.Cold rolling 1～3 passage mainly is in order further to improve the hardness of austenitic stainless steel, in the process of cold deformation, if the single pass draught is low excessively, can cause distortion can't be penetrated into material heart portion, therefore is decided to be 10%.If the accumulative total percentage pass reduction is excessive, can cause the too much martensite deformation of material production, therefore be defined as and be not more than 30%.800～950 ℃ of low-temperature annealings mainly is the martensitic transformation in order to eliminate to form in the deformation process, thereby helps the improvement of plate of material shape and the acquisition of low magnetic property.
Embodiment 1～5
According to austenite stainless composition of steel of the present invention, the one-tenth of embodiment 1～5 and Comparative Examples 1 is respectively in table 2.
Adopt electric furnace to add AOD (argon oxygen stove) melting; Pour into continuously cast bloom, hot rolling, cold rolling obtains the austenite stainless rolled steel plate after the low-temperature annealing pickling; This roll bending has higher hardness, low inclusion grade and does not have second and separate out mutually; Therefore obtained good polishing performance, and had low magnetic property, all properties is listed in table 3.Comparative Examples production path is following:
Comparative Examples 1: its composition is mainly 304 compositions; Do not add Al, Ca, its oxygen level is 0.007%, and production technique is identical with the said content of patent; The result shows; Its magnetic permeability is higher, and there are defectives such as a large amount of small pits, pinprick in the display material surface after the polishing, has seriously influenced its polishing performance.
Comparative Examples 2: its composition is with embodiment 2 compositions; But it is produced according to traditional processing technology: hot rolling-annealing-pickling-cold deformation; Material has than higher hardness behind the cold deformation; Though have good polishing performance, because deformation causes material not have low magnetic property after producing martensite, and plate shape is bad.
Comparative Examples 3: its composition is with embodiment 3 compositions; But its hot rolling technology adopts traditional technology: finishing temperature is 990 ℃; Curling temperature is 730 ℃, and other technologies are with the said content of patent, and polish results shows: material is because separating out of carbide causes the surface of polished easy-to-rust.
Comparative Examples 4: its composition and hot rolling technology are with embodiment 4 said contents, and cold rolling back is 1080 ℃ of annealing, and annealing back material hardness obviously descends, and smooth finish is relatively poor after causing polishing, and material wastage rate is bigger.
Table 2, embodiment and Comparative Examples composition
| Alloy | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | Al | Ca | O | Ni-bal |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.035 | 0.51 | 1.39 | 0.011 | 0.001 | 18.24 | 8.63 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0030 | 1.93 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.039 | 0.48 | 1.37 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 18.01 | 8.97 | 0.082 | 0.04 | 0.004 | 0.0040 | 0.882 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.045 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.02 | 0.001 | 18.30 | 8.05 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.003 | 0.0040 | 0.395 |
| Embodiment 4 | 0.029 | 0.55 | 1.34 | 0.012 | 0.003 | 18.11 | 8.17 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.0035 | 0.6815 |
| Embodiment 5 | 0.04 | 0.5 | 1.45 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 18.80 | 8.15 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.002 | 0.0030 | 0.97 |
| Comparative Examples 1 | 0.04 | 0.4 | 1.10 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 18.10 | 8.05 | 0.045 | - | - | 0.007 | 1.22 |
Table 3, embodiment and Comparative Examples processing parameter and performance comparison
| Alloy | Finishing temperature | Curling temperature | Cold rolling draft | Annealing temperature | Hardness | The inclusion grade | Magnetic permeability Gs/0e | The surface of polished state |
| Embodiment 1 | 1030 | 680 | 25 | 950 | 270 | 1.5 | 1.0340 | Well |
| Embodiment 2 | 1025 | 620 | 11 | 900 | 245 | 2 | 1.04882 | Well |
| Embodiment 3 | 1025 | 610 | 25 | 910 | 265 | 1.5 | 1.11503 | Well |
| Embodiment 4 | 1010 | 530 | 15 | 810 | 251 | 1 | 1.15869 | Well |
| Embodiment 5 | 1010 | 610 | 15 | 900 | 273 | 1.5 | 1.07416 | Well |
| Comparative Examples 1 | 1000 | 630 | 23 | 890 | 260 | 4 | 1.802 | The pit pinprick |
| Comparative Examples 2 | 980 | 745 | 14 | 1080 | 285 | 2 | 2.918 | Plate shape is bad |
| Comparative Examples 3 | 990 | 730 | 22 | 880 | 265 | 2 | 1.11503 | Easy-to-rust |
| Comparative Examples 4 | 1020 | 610 | 24 | 1080 | 190 | 2 | 1.104 | Smooth finish is poor |
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that; Above embodiment is used for explaining the present invention; And be not to be used as qualification of the present invention; As long as in connotation scope of the present invention, all will drop in claims scope of the present invention variation, the modification of the above embodiment.
Claims (3)
1. the method for manufacture of the low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel of a good-mirror polishability is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) continuously cast bloom that obtains according to following proportioning melting, casting;
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
And, C+N＞0.10%;
2) hot rolling behind heat tracing, finishing temperature scope are 1000～1050 ℃; Be chilled to 500～700 ℃ soon, and under this temperature, curl;
3) it is cold rolling to carry out 1～3 passage, reduction in pass>=10%, accumulative total percentage pass reduction≤35%;
4) carry out low-temperature annealing thermal treatment at 800～950 ℃;
5) pickling.
2. the method for manufacture of the low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel of good-mirror polishability as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
This stainless Ni-bal scope is 0～2.0;
Wherein, described Ni-bal adopts computes:
Ni-bal＝Ni％+30(C％+N％)+0.5Mn％-1.1(Cr％+1.5Si％+Mo％+0.5Nb％)+8.2。
3. the method for manufacture of the low-magnetic austenitic stainless steel of good-mirror polishability as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is cold rolling to carry out 1 passage in the step 3).
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