CN101890594A - Low-hydrogen basic electrode for 25Cr2Ni4MoV alloy steel welding - Google Patents
Low-hydrogen basic electrode for 25Cr2Ni4MoV alloy steel welding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-hydrogen basic electrode for 25Cr2Ni4MoV alloy steel welding, which comprises a core wire and a coating, wherein the coating is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 40-47% of marble, 16-24% of fluorite, 3-6% of quartz, 3-6% of zircon sand, 4-12% of rutile, 6-11% of ferrotitanium, 4-8% of low-carbon ferromanganese, 2-5% of ferrosilicon, 1-3% of rare earth ferrosilicon, 2.8-3.2% of synthetic mica and 0.5-1.5% of soda ash, and the sum of the weight percentage of all the components is 100%.The electrode prepared from the coating has the advantages of high arc stabilizing performance, good molten pool fluidity, fine splashing particles, easier deslagging after welding, uniform slag covering and delicate and attractive molded weld. Besides, the diffusible hydrogen content of the deposited metal of the prepared electrode is effectively limited.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field in the materials processing, be specifically related to a kind of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode.
Background technology
In recent years, the increasingly extensive use of the use of large fan in China's industry, operating mode also becomes increasingly complex, and has good comprehensive mechanical properties such as higher strength and toughness and hardness for the total quality that improves blower fan requires the blade material at blower fan core position.The 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel is the present relatively large generator amature steel of China, has high strength, high-plasticity and low advantages such as brittle transition temperature.In commercial Application, make it obtain good obdurability coupling by modifier treatment (quenching+high tempering), be mainly used in the member of high load capacity, heavy in section class and the load that withstands shocks, as the undercarriage of steam turbine, reaction turbine axle and jet airliner and rocket engine shell etc.The adding of chromium significantly increases the quenching degree of steel; Nickel can improve the drag and the sensitiveness that reduces breach of steel to fatigue.Nickel reduces cold shortization of steel transition temperature, the reason of the 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel has good low-temperature flexibility that Here it is; Molybdenum has the solution strengthening effect to ferrite, also improves the stability of carbide simultaneously, to the favourable effect of intensity generation of steel.Add about 0.4% molybdenum in the steel, not only can improve the quenching degree of steel, thereby improve the intensity and the ductility of steel, more since molybdenum can eliminate or alleviate the impact flexibility that the temper brittleness that causes because of other alloying elements helps steel greatly; Vanadium mainly is crystal grain thinning in steel alloy, increases the intensity of steel and suppresses its timeliness effect.
Centrifugal blower is the mechanical energy that relies on input, improves supply gas the side by side machinery of body of gas pressure, and it is a kind of driven fluid machinery.Centrifugal blower is widely used in ventilation, dust discharge and the cooling of factory, mine, tunnel, cooling tower, vehicle, boats and ships and building; The ventilation of boiler and industrial furnace and air inducing; Cooling in the apparatus of air conditioning and the domestic electric appliance and ventilation; The oven dry of cereal and selecting and recommending; The inflation of wind-tunnel wind regime and aircushion vehicle and propelling etc.Along with the long term growth of China's blower fan industry, certainly will have higher requirement to the material of making blower fan.The 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy is huger as the demand of making fan blade, wheel hub material.
Develop that every performance indications reach or near J857CrNi low-alloy steel electrode (intensity rank of J857CrNi welding rod is that the intensity of 830MPa and 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy is comparatively mated), changing 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding material does not almost have the present situation of welding rod special for special, realize 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy special welding material industryization, not only can save substantial contribution for country, and, have important practical significance and remarkable economic efficiency to promoting the extensive use of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy in China's blower fan industry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding and use the low hydrogen basic electrode, solved the problem of not welding welding rod special for special in the prior art at the 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode, comprise core wire and coating, it is characterized in that, described coating is made up of following material by weight percentage: 40～47% marbles, 16～24% fluorites, 3～6% quartz, 3～6% zircon sands, 4～12% rutile, 6～11% ferrotianiums, 4～8% low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2～5% ferrosilicon, 1～3% rare earth ferrosilicon, 2.8～3.2% synthetic mica, 0.5～1.5% soda ash, the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.
Its characteristics are that core wire is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 0.030%～0.070% C, 0.10%～0.50% Si, 1.0%～2.0% Mn, 3.0%～5.0% Ni, 0.10%～0.50% Mo, 0.50%～2.0% Cr, 0.10%～0.30% Ti, 0.002%～0.009%B, 0.10%～0.30% Re, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.
Its characteristics are that also core wire is H08C, H08Mn2Si or H08Mn2SiA steel alloy core wire.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the welding rod that adopts coating of the present invention to make, stabilising arc is functional, the molten bath good fluidity, the particle that splashes is tiny, and deslag after welding is more or less freely, and slag covers evenly, and appearance of weld is careful attractive in appearance.The welding rod deposited metal diffusible hydrogen content of development has obtained effective control.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the deposited metal metallograph of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the deposited metal metallograph of the embodiment of the invention 6.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Covering of an electrode of the present invention is made up of following material by weight percentage: 40～47% marbles, 16～24% fluorites, 3～6% quartz, 3～6% zircon sands, 4～12% rutile, 6～11% ferrotianiums, 4～8% low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2～5% ferrosilicon, 1～3% rare earth ferrosilicon, 2.8～3.2% synthetic mica, 0.5～1.5% soda ash, the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.
The effect of each component in the coating:
Marble and fluorite: in the low hydrogen type basic slag system, the total amount of marble, fluorite generally is controlled at 55～75%, contains a large amount of CaO and CaF in the slag
2, slag basicity height.But marble is gas making both, but slag making again.And when decomposing bubbing, can improve the spray power to molten drop, minimizing is splashed, and the CaO that decomposites can stable arc, and good desulphurizing ability is arranged again.Fluorite is removed the effect highly significant of hydrogen blistering, and along with the increase of fluorite addition in the coating, the weld seam hydrogen content just reduces.
Under the certain situation of marble and fluorite total amount, marble is very important with the ratio of fluorite: the ratio of marble and fluorite is greater than 1 less than 3 o'clock, arc stability, and spray power is big, and it is few to splash.The ratio of marble and fluorite is near 3 or greater than 3 o'clock, and weld seam has thread dry slag to occur, and it is bad to take off slag during the V-butt welding, and face of weld has pore.The ratio of marble and fluorite was less than 1 o'clock, and arc stability is poor; The ratio of marble and fluorite is near 0.5 or less than 0.5 o'clock, the removability of slag was better, but welding slag is too rare.Therefore, improve marble and reduce fluorite content (ratio of marble and fluorite greater than 1 less than 3 o'clock), arc stability increases, the basicity of slag and oxidisability increase, but along with the fusing point of the increase slag of its ratio improves, viscosity and surface tension increase, the slag fluidity variation, welding bead narrows down, and heap is high to be increased; Otherwise, can make the arc stability variation, the coating fusing point reduces, and the welding rod sleeve shortens, and blow force of arc is not enough, increases of splashing, slag is rare excessively, protects badly, and is difficult to operate.From the welding technological properties of welding rod, be advisable in marble/fluorite in the coating of the present invention=1.6～2.6, and welding rod had the good mechanical performance when reason was a marble with the ratio of fluorite in this scope, and processing performance is also better simultaneously.Therefore marmorean content is controlled at 40～47%, and the content of fluorite is controlled at 16～24%.
Quartzy: basic slag is had certain shoddye effect, and content is controlled at 3～6%, if proportioning content less than 3～6%, can cause slag fluidity bad, and the moulding variation; If proportioning content is greater than 3～6%, it is glassy that slag is black, takes off the slag difficulty.
Zircon sand: the main effect that adds zircon sand is to improve deslag performance.Studies show that zircon sand can effectively improve deslag performance at 3～6% o'clock, so the content of zircon sand is controlled at 3～6%.
Rutile: its main component of rutile is TiO
2It is good slag former, it also is fabulous plastic-viscous admixture, can make slag become short slag, help improving the welding technological properties of welding rod, this is more general in the low-hydrogen electrode of DC-AC two-use, but content should not be greater than 12%, otherwise all unfavorable to the removability of slag, crack resistance, vertical position welding operability and mechanical performance.Therefore control rutile content between 4～12%.
Ferroalloy: ferroalloy commonly used is ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and ferrotianium, and the former two mainly is an alloying constituent, has deoxidation concurrently, and the latter then is deoxidier purely, and the molten bath is gone in transition in order to protect manganese and silicon to lack oxidated, and three's total amount is 12～24%:
1) weld seam must infiltrate Mn and Si, to guarantee enough mechanical performances;
2) to decompose be the endothermic reaction to marble, and bath temperature significantly reduces, ferroalloy quantity more for a long time, its deoxidation liberated heat could be enough additional.
The consumption of low-carbon ferromanganese is generally less than 8%, and excessive ferromanganese can increase the amount of MnO, and slag basicity is increased, and causes the slag fluidity variation, and appearance of weld is bad, takes off the slag difficulty.Control low-carbon ferromanganese content is between 4～8%.
Ferrosilicon adopts low ferrosilicon usually, and si content is about 45%, and general ferrosilicon consumption is less than 5%.Excessive ferrosilicon can aggravate the metallurgical reaction in the molten bath, makes the explosivity increase of splashing, and slag fluidity increases, the shaping variation, and also can cause the silicone content of weld metal to increase.Low ferrosilicon extrusion performance is good, and coating generally can not bubble in the oven dry welding rod process.Therefore control ferrosilicon content between 2～5%.
Ferrotianium is main deoxidier, the product TiO after the deoxidation
2Another fixed shoddye effect, ferrotianium can be favourable to improving usability of electrode, generally adopts that to contain the Ti amount be 8～30% ferrotianium, and the impurity Si in the ferrotianium, Al content are few more good more, otherwise splashing of welding is very big.The consumption of ferrotianium common 6～11% is enough, if ferrosilicon is more, then the ferrotianium consumption can also suitably reduce.
Rare earth ferrosilicon: 1) in electrode coating, add an amount of rare earth addition, can significantly improve the low-temperature impact toughness of weld metal; 2) rare earth ferrosilicon reacts with sulphur, oxygen in the Welding Metallurgy process, can produce rare-earth sulfide, and rare earth oxide and rare-earth oxide sulfate float on the major part in the slag, have purified weld seam effectively, makes sulfur content descend about 46%; 3) rare earth ferrosilicon can significantly improve weld structure, and crystal grain thinning increases acicular ferrite quantity, reduces M-A constituent element quantity; 4) rare earth ferrosilicon can obviously improve the form size of field trash in the weld metal and distribute, and The amount of inclusions is reduced, and size reduces.Therefore the content of rare earth ferrosilicon is controlled between 1～3%.
Synthetic mica: the main effect of mica is extrusion performance and the slag making that improves coating, and helps to improve arc-stabilising, but has owing to contain the crystallization water, can make weld metal increase hydrogen.Synthetic mica has following characteristic: 1) corrosion resistance: synthetic mica and common acids aqueous slkali Fails To Respond, also do not react with water, thereby not aliquation, do not hang dirt, do not break, wash away down in long-term (2～3 years) of high-temperature high pressure water, still can keep original clear and transparency substantially; 2) hot property: since synthetic mica do not contain (OH)-, so its high temperature heat-resistant stability is more much higher than natural mica, synthetic mica just slowly decomposes more than 1200 ℃, and is significantly weightless more than 1100 ℃; 3) vacuum deflation performance: the vacuum deflation amount of synthetic mica is low, measures with mass spectrograph, and the minimum gas of emitting is O
2, N
2With adsorbed gases such as Ar.Owing to do not emit H
2O steam is well suited for will improving the service life of vacuum device greatly as the electrovacuum insulating materials; 4) water content of synthetic mica is less, helps reducing hydrogen blistering, thereby helps guaranteeing the intensity of weld seam.The performance of synthetic mica is more superior than natural mica just, therefore selects synthetic mica comparatively suitable, and content is controlled between 2.8～3.2%.
Soda ash: soda ash can improve the extrusion performance of welding rod on hydraulic press, and it also has the stabilising arc effect simultaneously.Therefore content is controlled between 0.5～1.5%.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, make the steel alloy core wire:
The preparation weight ratio is 1: 1 professional pure iron and ingot iron, the ore that will contain C, Si, Mo, Cr be contained in magnesia crucible in the induction furnace around and top, the Ni powder is contained in the crucible middle part, Re, Mn, B put into charging tray.Carbon in the crucible is as deoxidier.Material in pure iron and the crucible is put into induction furnace together smelt, when the pure iron off-bottom, the steel alloy liquid temp reaches 1540 ℃, when molten steel is tranquil, and power failure coolant exhaust 15min; Send electricity to carry out refining again, behind the refining 20min, treat that the steel alloy liquid temp drops to 1550 ℃ and adds the Ti powder, temperature continues to drop to tapping temperature (tapping temperature is 1540 ℃) time and taps.The 5min applying argon gas makes and reaches 250～350mmHg in the stove before the tapping, adds Re, Mn again in molten steel, B taps 1540 ℃ of tapping temperatures after stirring 2min.Require the molten steel surface tranquil during cast, cast evenly is cooled to room temperature and obtains steel ingot.In smelting process, the content of control C is 0.07%, and the content of Si is 0.25%, the content of Mn is 1.6%, and the content of Ni is 3.55%, and the content of Mo is 0.32%, the content of Cr is 0.98%, the content of Ti is 0.30%, and the content of B is 0.006%, and the content of Re is 0.15%, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.Adopt the steel ingot of double-arm free steam hammer (750kg) after will stripping off the skin to forge into square billet, wait forging stock to be chilled to room temperature after, adopt the emery wheel reconditioning to remove blemish such as surperficial casting skin and crackle, and cut with band saw and to begin to crop up.Adopt five line three-high mills of 200 types that billet rolling is become then
Wire rod carries out drawing afterwards.The drawing step of welding wire is:
Wire rod-mechanical descaling-pickling derusts-dries-dry wire drawing-batch-heat treatment-dry wire drawing-batch-electroless copper-polish-batch-be wound in silk that diameter is 2.5mm;
Step 2 is made coating
Preparation 45 gram marbles, 21.7 gram fluorites, 5.7 grams are quartzy, 5 gram zircon sands, 5 gram rutile, 6 gram ferrotianiums, 4 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2 gram ferrosilicon, 1.6 the gram rare earth ferrosilicon, 3.2 gram synthetic micas, 0.8 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 3 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 2 makes, and medicine rolled into a ball extrusion on the alloy core wire of step 1 preparation, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 3 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 130A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 1, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 2:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 1 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 2 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 5.8 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.4 |
Fig. 1 is seen in the deposited metal metallographic structure: as seen from the figure, tissue is mainly tempered sorbite and is evenly distributed, and volume content is approximately between 75% to 85%; There is acicular ferrite to separate out along former Ovshinsky crystal boundary, is polygon, be connected to each other along crystal boundary and distribute; The minor amount of carbide disperse is arranged in addition on tempered sorbite.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, make the steel alloy core wire:
The preparation weight ratio is 1: 1 professional pure iron and ingot iron, the ore that will contain C, Si, Mo, Cr be contained in magnesia crucible in the induction furnace around and top, the Ni powder is contained in the crucible middle part, Re, Mn, B put into charging tray.Carbon in the crucible is as deoxidier.Material in pure iron and the crucible is put into induction furnace together smelt, when the pure iron off-bottom, the steel alloy liquid temp reaches 1540 ℃, when molten steel is tranquil, and power failure coolant exhaust 15min; Send electricity to carry out refining again, behind the refining 20min, treat that the steel alloy liquid temp drops to 1550 ℃ and adds the Ti powder, temperature continues to drop to tapping temperature (tapping temperature is 1540 ℃) time and taps.The 5min applying argon gas makes and reaches 250～350mmHg in the stove before the tapping, adds Re, Mn again in molten steel, B taps 1540 ℃ of tapping temperatures after stirring 2min.Require the molten steel surface tranquil during cast, cast evenly is cooled to room temperature and obtains steel ingot.In smelting process, the content of control C is 0.055%, and the content of Si is 0.1%, the content of Mn is 1.0%, and the content of Ni is 3.9%, and the content of Mo is 0.36%, the content of Cr is 1.25%, the content of Ti is 0.16%, and the content of B is 0.009%, and the content of Re is 0.1%, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.Adopt the steel ingot of double-arm free steam hammer (750kg) after will stripping off the skin to forge into square billet, wait forging stock to be chilled to room temperature after, adopt the emery wheel reconditioning to remove blemish such as surperficial casting skin and crackle, and cut with band saw and to begin to crop up.Adopt five line three-high mills of 200 types that billet rolling is become then
Wire rod carries out drawing afterwards.The drawing step of welding wire is:
Wire rod-mechanical descaling-pickling derusts-dries-dry wire drawing-batch-heat treatment-dry wire drawing-batch-electroless copper-polish-batch-be wound in silk that diameter is 3.2mm;
Step 2 is made coating
Preparation 43 gram marbles, 18 gram fluorites, 5.7 grams are quartzy, 3 gram zircon sands, 6 gram rutile, 7.4 gram ferrotianiums, 8 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 3 gram ferrosilicon, 1.6 the gram rare earth ferrosilicon, 2.8 gram synthetic micas, 1.5 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 3 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 2 makes, and medicine rolled into a ball extrusion on the alloy core wire of step 1 preparation, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 3 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 140A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 3, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 4:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 3 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 4 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 7.1 |
Embodiment 3
Step 1, make the steel alloy core wire:
The preparation weight ratio is 1: 1 professional pure iron and ingot iron, and the ore that will contain C, Si, Mo, Cr is contained in around the magnesia crucible and top in the induction furnace, and the Ni powder is contained in the crucible middle part, and Re, Mn, B put into charging tray.Carbon in the crucible is as deoxidier.Material in pure iron and the crucible is put into induction furnace together smelt, when the pure iron off-bottom, the steel alloy liquid temp reaches 1540 ℃, when molten steel is tranquil, and power failure coolant exhaust 15min; Send electricity to carry out refining again, behind the refining 20min, treat that the steel alloy liquid temp drops to 1550 ℃ and adds the Ti powder, temperature continues to drop to tapping temperature (tapping temperature is 1540 ℃) time and taps.The 5min applying argon gas makes and reaches 250～350mmHg in the stove before the tapping, adds Re, Mn again in molten steel, B taps 1540 ℃ of tapping temperatures after stirring 2min.Require the molten steel surface tranquil during cast, cast evenly is cooled to room temperature and obtains steel ingot.In smelting process, the content of control C is 0.042%, and the content of Si is 0.29%, the content of Mn is 2.00%, and the content of Ni is 5.00%, and the content of Mo is 0.34%, the content of Cr is 0.91%, the content of Ti is 0.19%, and the content of B is 0.002%, and the content of Re is 0.30%, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.Adopt the steel ingot of double-arm free steam hammer (750kg) after will stripping off the skin to forge into square billet, wait forging stock to be chilled to room temperature after, adopt the emery wheel reconditioning to remove blemish such as surperficial casting skin and crackle, and cut with band saw and to begin to crop up.Adopt five line three-high mills of 200 types that billet rolling is become then
Wire rod carries out drawing afterwards.The drawing step of welding wire is:
Wire rod-mechanical descaling-pickling derusts-dries-dry wire drawing-batch-heat treatment-dry wire drawing-batch-electroless copper-polish-batch-be wound in silk that diameter is 3.2mm;
Step 2 is made coating
Preparation 47 gram marbles, 21 gram fluorites, 3.0 grams are quartzy, 4 gram zircon sands, 4 gram rutile, 9 gram ferrotianiums, 4 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2 gram ferrosilicon, 2 gram rare earth ferrosilicons, 3.0 gram synthetic micas, 1.0 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 3 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 2 makes, and medicine rolled into a ball extrusion on the alloy core wire of step 1 preparation, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 3 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 140A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 5, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 6:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 5 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 6 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 7.2 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 7.3 |
Embodiment 4
Step 1, make the steel alloy core wire:
The preparation weight ratio is 1: 1 professional pure iron and ingot iron, the ore that will contain C, Si, Mo, Cr be contained in magnesia crucible in the induction furnace around and top, the Ni powder is contained in the crucible middle part, Re, Mn, B put into charging tray.Carbon in the crucible is as deoxidier.Material in pure iron and the crucible is put into induction furnace together smelt, when the pure iron off-bottom, the steel alloy liquid temp reaches 1540 ℃, when molten steel is tranquil, and power failure coolant exhaust 15min; Send electricity to carry out refining again, behind the refining 20min, treat that the steel alloy liquid temp drops to 1550 ℃ and adds the Ti powder, temperature continues to drop to tapping temperature (tapping temperature is 1540 ℃) time and taps.The 5min applying argon gas makes and reaches 250～350mmHg in the stove before the tapping, adds Re, Mn again in molten steel, B taps 1540 ℃ of tapping temperatures after stirring 2min.Require the molten steel surface tranquil during cast, cast evenly is cooled to room temperature and obtains steel ingot.In smelting process, the content of control C is 0.03%, and the content of Si is 0.50%, the content of Mn is 1.58%, and the content of Ni is 3.00%, and the content of Mo is 0.50%, the content of Cr is 0.50%, the content of Ti is 0.20%, and the content of B is 0.009%, and the content of Re is 0.180%, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.Adopt the steel ingot of double-arm free steam hammer (750kg) after will stripping off the skin to forge into square billet, wait forging stock to be chilled to room temperature after, adopt the emery wheel reconditioning to remove blemish such as surperficial casting skin and crackle, and cut with band saw and to begin to crop up.Adopt five line three-high mills of 200 types that billet rolling is become then
Wire rod carries out drawing afterwards.The drawing step of welding wire is:
Wire rod-mechanical descaling-pickling derusts-dries-dry wire drawing-batch-heat treatment-dry wire drawing-batch-electroless copper-polish-batch-be wound in silk that diameter is 4mm;
Step 2 is made coating
Preparation 40 gram marbles, 20 gram fluorites, 5.3 grams are quartzy, 5 gram zircon sands, 5 gram rutile, 10 gram ferrotianiums, 4 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 5 gram ferrosilicon, 1.0 the gram rare earth ferrosilicon, 3.2 gram synthetic micas, 1.5 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 3 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 2 makes, and medicine rolled into a ball extrusion on the alloy core wire of step 1 preparation, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 3 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 140A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 7, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 8:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 7 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 8 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 5.5 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 6.6 |
Embodiment 5
Step 1, make the steel alloy core wire:
The preparation weight ratio is 1: 1 professional pure iron and ingot iron, the ore that will contain C, Si, Mo, Cr be contained in magnesia crucible in the induction furnace around and top, the Ni powder is contained in the crucible middle part, Re, Mn, B put into charging tray.Carbon in the crucible is as deoxidier.Material in pure iron and the crucible is put into induction furnace together smelt, when the pure iron off-bottom, the steel alloy liquid temp reaches 1540 ℃, when molten steel is tranquil, and power failure coolant exhaust 15min; Send electricity to carry out refining again, behind the refining 20min, treat that the steel alloy liquid temp drops to 1550 ℃ and adds the Ti powder, temperature continues to drop to tapping temperature (tapping temperature is 1540 ℃) time and taps.The 5min applying argon gas makes and reaches 250～350mmHg in the stove before the tapping, adds Re, Mn again in molten steel, B taps 1540 ℃ of tapping temperatures after stirring 2min.Require the molten steel surface tranquil during cast, cast evenly is cooled to room temperature and obtains steel ingot.In smelting process, the content of control C is 0.046%, and the content of Si is 0.37%, the content of Mn is 2.00%, and the content of Ni is 4.24%, and the content of Mo is 0.10%, the content of Cr is 2.0%, the content of Ti is 0.10%, and the content of B is 0.005%, and the content of Re is 0.28%, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.Adopt the steel ingot of double-arm free steam hammer (750kg) after will stripping off the skin to forge into square billet, wait forging stock to be chilled to room temperature after, adopt the emery wheel reconditioning to remove blemish such as surperficial casting skin and crackle, and cut with band saw and to begin to crop up.Adopt five line three-high mills of 200 types that billet rolling is become then
Wire rod carries out drawing afterwards.The drawing step of welding wire is:
Wire rod-mechanical descaling-pickling derusts-dries-dry wire drawing-batch-heat treatment-dry wire drawing-batch-electroless copper-polish-batch-be wound in silk that diameter is 4.0mm;
Step 2 is made coating
Preparation 40 gram marbles, 20 gram fluorites, 6.0 grams are quartzy, 6 gram zircon sands, 5 gram rutile, 9 gram ferrotianiums, 6 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2 gram ferrosilicon, 2.0 the gram rare earth ferrosilicon, 3.0 gram synthetic micas, 1 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 3 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 2 makes, and medicine rolled into a ball extrusion on the alloy core wire of step 1 preparation, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 3 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 140A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 9, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 10:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 9 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 10 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.8 |
Among above-mentioned five embodiment, the composition of the core wire that adopts is: 0.030%～0.070% C, 0.10%～0.50% Si, 1.0%～2.0% Mn, 3.0%～5.0% Ni, 0.10%～0.50% Mo, 0.50%～2.0% Cr, 0.10%～0.30% Ti, 0.002%～0.009% B, 0.10%～0.30% Re, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.
1.C be most important alloying element in the weld metal, be to make steel obtain high-intensity most economical chemical element.But because C is to the strong influence of the hardenability of steel, in order to prevent hydrogen induced cracking and weld seam generation brittle fracture, at the common level that keeps below 0.10% of C content in the steel alloy weld seam.The hardness of weld metal, yield strength, tensile strength all improve with the increase of C content, but the impact flexibility of weld seam then reduces with the increase of C content, simultaneously, along with the rising of C content, the weldability variation.C content of the present invention is controlled between 0.03%～0.070%, can guarantee that hardness, yield strength, the tensile strength of metal reaches requirement, can guarantee that also the weldability of core wire meets the requirements.
2.Mn be one of main alloy element of proof strength, this element can reduce the transition temperature of γ → α effectively.Compare with J857CrNi low-alloy steel electrode (Mn content is 1.3%), the content of Mn is 1.0%～2.0% in the welding wire of the present invention, because Mn scaling loss very easily in welding process, higher Mn content can guarantee its transition in weld seam.
3. when Mn, Si existed simultaneously, both can be used as deoxidier, increased with the Si constituent content, and the phase transition temperature in the time of can making continuous cooling reduces gradually, structure refinement, but that too high Si content is easy to generate thick carbide butt welded seam toughness is unfavorable.Therefore Si content of the present invention is controlled between 0.10%～0.50%, can guarantee structure refinement, is difficult for producing thick carbide again.
Can and improve low-temperature impact toughness 4.Ni can improve cold-crack resistance, this mainly is because Ni can improve the toughness of ferrite matrix and promote acicular ferrite to form.Studies show that control Ni content is comparatively suitable between 3.0%～5.0%.
5. when adding the Mo element, along with the increase of Mo constituent content, pro-eutectoid ferrite quantity reduces gradually, and the acicular ferrite ratio begins to increase, and acicular ferrite also begins to reduce subsequently; The general grain refinement of coarse grain zone and fine grained region, the incomplete transformation district forms ferrite and carbide bundle group, and the hardness of weld seam, yield point and tensile strength all are improved.The present invention contains the Mo amount and is controlled between 0.10%～0.50%.
6.Cr be the element that enlarges the γ phase region, reduce γ → α phase transformation critical-temperature, austenite is changed below the Ac3 line, be convenient to generate acicular ferrite.Cr content of the present invention is controlled between 0.50%～2.0%.
7. add the Ti element in the weld metal, deposited metal intensity is increased, the oxidisability field trash (TiO) of titaniferous has promoted at austenite crystal intragranular forming core, help the generation of intracrystalline acicular ferrite, and TiN has very high high-temperature stability, be suppressed at the growth process that austenite grain boundary moves and crystal grain is annexed mutually under the high heat input effectively, can guarantee that weld metal has good Charpy-V impact power and COD value.The effect of Ti element is remarkable, so Ti content can have remarkable contribution to obdurability between being controlled at 0.10%～0.30%.
8.B can obviously suppress the forming core of ferrite on austenite grain boundary, the ferritic transformation curve is obviously moved to right.Along with the increase of B content in the weld seam, the proeutectoid ferrite scale of construction reduces, and ferrite side plate disappears, and AF measures increase, thereby obtains tiny weld seam microscopic structure.There is strong reciprocation between B and the Ti; the common influence of butt welded seam tissue and performance mainly is because Ti protects remaining B not oxidized by forming TiN; thereby certain free B is arranged to the austenite grain boundary segregation, on crystal boundary, separate out the carbide Fe of a large amount of B
23(BC)
6, it generates prior to ferrite, this shows that Ti in the weld metal, B constituent content all can not be too high.Therefore B content is controlled between 0.002%～0.009%.
9.Re rare earth element adds after the weld seam, can be enriched in the silicate inclusion, makes inclusion balling, and distributes with disperse state.Re content of the present invention is controlled between 0.10%～0.30%.
In order to guarantee that welding point has high toughness and anti-H
2The S stress corrosion performance, the impurity S in the control material is lower than 0.005%, and P is lower than 0.005%.
Embodiment 6
Step 1 is made coating
Preparation 41.4 gram marbles, 16 gram fluorites, 4 grams are quartzy, 4 gram zircon sands, 12 gram rutile, 11 gram ferrotianiums, 4 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2 gram ferrosilicon, 1.6 the gram rare earth ferrosilicon, 3.2 gram synthetic micas, 0.8 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 2 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 1 makes, and medicine is rolled into a ball extrusion is on the H08C steel alloy core wire of 2.5mm at diameter, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 2 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 130A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 11, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 12:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 11 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 12 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 5.1 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.1 |
Fig. 2 is seen in the deposited metal metallographic structure: as seen from the figure, tissue is mainly tempered sorbite and is evenly distributed, and volume content is approximately between 70% to 85%; There is acicular ferrite to separate out along former Ovshinsky crystal boundary, is polygon, be connected to each other along crystal boundary and distribute; The minor amount of carbide disperse is arranged in addition on tempered sorbite.
Embodiment 7
Step 1 is made coating
Preparation 44 gram marbles, 18 gram fluorites, 4.2 grams are quartzy, 4 gram zircon sands, 4 gram rutile, 10 gram ferrotianiums, 5 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 4 gram ferrosilicon, 3 gram rare earth ferrosilicons, 2.8 gram synthetic micas, 1 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 2 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 1 makes, and medicine is rolled into a ball extrusion is on the H08Mn2Si steel alloy core wire of 3.2mm at diameter, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 2 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 130A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 13, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 14:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 13 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 14 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 6.9 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 7.1 |
Embodiment 8
Step 1 is made coating
Preparation 42 gram marbles, 24 gram fluorites, 4.7 grams are quartzy, 5 gram zircon sands, 5 gram rutile, 8 gram ferrotianiums, 4 gram low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2 gram ferrosilicon, 1.6 the gram rare earth ferrosilicon, 3.2 gram synthetic micas, 0.5 gram soda ash, above-mentioned medicinal powder material and 35 gram sodium silicates are put into batch mixer together mixed 15 minutes, then mixed medicinal powder is put into balling press and be pressed into cylindrical medicine group; Sodium silicate is a binding agent;
Step 2 is made welding rod
The production of welding rod is carried out in electrode extrusion press, the cylindrical medicine group that adds in extrusion press that step 1 makes, and medicine is rolled into a ball extrusion is on the H08Mn2SiA steel alloy core wire of 4.0mm at diameter, the welding rod of making is put into batch-type furnace dry, just make 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding low hydrogen basic electrode with 350 * 2.5 (℃ h);
With the welding rod welding 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy that step 2 is made, welding condition is: welding rod needs preheating during welded specimen, and its preheat temperature is: 200 * 1 (℃ h); Interlayer temperature in the welding process be 260 (℃); Welding current is 130A, and weldingvoltage is 30V; Must carry out preheating to welding rod before the weldering: 250 * 1 (℃ h); Sample is annealed with 850 ℃ * 40 (℃ min) before the weldering, and postwelding is with 850 * 1 oil quenchings (℃ h)+630 * 2 tempering (℃ h); Programming rate (℃/h) and cooling rate (℃/h) be respectively 130 and 160.The mechanical property and the processing performance of welding rod deposited metal see Table 15, and diffusible hydrogen content sees Table 16:
The mechanical property and the processing performance of table 15 welding rod deposited metal
The diffusible hydrogen content (ml/100g) of table 16 welding rod deposited metal
| Sample | №1 | №2 | №3 | Mean value |
| Content | 5.0 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 6.3 |
Coating of the present invention is preferably made the core wire (embodiment 1-5) and the H08C steel alloy core wire (embodiment 6) of research and development by oneself when being used with core wire.
Claims (3)
1. the low hydrogen basic electrode is used in a 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel alloy welding, comprises core wire and coating, it is characterized in that, described coating is made up of following material by weight percentage: 40～47% marbles, 16～24% fluorites, 3～6% quartz, 3～6% zircon sands, 4～12% rutile, 6～11% ferrotianiums, 4～8% low-carbon ferromanganeses, 2～5% ferrosilicon, 1～3% rare earth ferrosilicon, 2.8～3.2% synthetic micas, 0.5～1.5% soda ash, the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.
2. low hydrogen basic electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described core wire is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 0.030%～0.070% C, 0.10%～0.50% Si, 1.0%～2.0% Mn, 3.0%～5.0% Ni, 0.10%～0.50% Mo, 0.50%～2.0% Cr, 0.10%～0.30% Ti, 0.002%～0.009%B, 0.10%～0.30% Re, S＜0.005, P＜0.005, surplus are Fe, and the percentage by weight sum of each component is 100%.
3. low hydrogen basic electrode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described core wire is H08C, H08Mn2Si or H08Mn2SiA steel alloy core wire.
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