CN103056554B - Formula of iron-based shape memory alloy electrode and manufacturing method of iron-based shape memory alloy electrode - Google Patents
Formula of iron-based shape memory alloy electrode and manufacturing method of iron-based shape memory alloy electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103056554B CN103056554B CN201310034216.5A CN201310034216A CN103056554B CN 103056554 B CN103056554 B CN 103056554B CN 201310034216 A CN201310034216 A CN 201310034216A CN 103056554 B CN103056554 B CN 103056554B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a formula of an iron-based shape memory alloy electrode and a manufacturing method of the iron-based shape memory alloy electrode. The formula of the electrode comprises the formula of an electrode welding core and the formula of an electrode coating. The electrode welding core comprises chemical components as follows: C, Mn, Si, N, Cr, V, Nb, Ti, Zr, N and Fe; and the formula of the electrode coating is the formula of an acidic electrode coating, a basic low-hydrogen electrode coating or a stainless electrode coating. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of manufacturing the iron-based shape memory alloy welding core, preparing the electrode coating and extruding and coating the electrode. The weld microstructure of the electrode after the welding is the iron-based shape memory alloy, the residual tensile stress of a welded seam can enable the alloy to induce gamma-to-epsilon martensite phase transformation, and the phase transformation deformation loosens the residual tensile stress of the weld seam to decrease the residual tensile stress to be lower than the yield strength (because the driving force inducing the phase transformation is lower than the yield strength) and reduce the welding deformation. Therefore, the fatigue strength of the weld seam is high, and the comprehensive mechanical property of a welded joint is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of formula and manufacture method thereof of design and manufacturing technology, particularly a kind of Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod of low residual stress high-fatigue strength welding rod.
Background technology
Welding material can produce residual-tensile stress at postwelding due to the reason of thermal contraction, makes Welding Structure size, shape is difficult to ensure, and cause weld fatigue intensity to decline.According to elimination residual stress mechanism, should manage to eliminate and reduce the inherent strain source producing residual stress.Theoretical according to this, existing elimination residual stress method technological requirement is complicated, even needs to increase additional process, considerably increases welding cost.In order to solve this problem; room temperature at the end of too the people such as Tian Zhaoyan is used in welding or complete the welding material of martensitic phase variable expansion and the protective gas containing carbon dioxide close to the temperature of room temperature; weld metal carries out arc welding; propose new " welding method " (No. 3010211st, Japan Patent) of low transformation temperature welding material; use the advantage of this welding material and method to be do not need preheating postwelding also not need heat treatment can improve solder joint fatigue intensity before weldering, but in use also there is the problem that impact strength is not high enough, range of application is limited.For this reason; too the people such as Tian Zhaoyan has applied for again Chinese patent " using the welding method of low transformation temperature the welding material " (patent No.: 03821352); this patent gives gas shield measure when using the welding of low transformation temperature welding material and strict processing route; the advantage of the method is that solder joint fatigue intensity is high, impact strength large, and shortcoming is that the complex process in welding process requires height to protective gas.In addition, it is to be noted that existing " low transformation temperature welding material " all carrys out lax welding residual stress with temperature trigger martensitic traoformation.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the present invention will design and a kind ofly not only can eliminate weld residual stress and but also can improve Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod and the manufacture method thereof of weld fatigue intensity.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention comprises a kind of formula of Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod and a kind of manufacture method of Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod.
A formula for Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod, comprises the formula of welding rod core wire and the formula of electrode coating, and the mass percent of the chemical composition of described welding rod core wire is as follows:
C：0.02%～1.2%；
Mn：5%～25%；
Si：2%～10%；
Ni：1%～10%；
Cr：0.5%～15%；
V：0～2%；
Nb：0～2%；
Ti：0～2%；
Zr：0～2%；
N：0～2%；
Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity;
The formula of described electrode coating is one of following three kinds:
The mass percent of the formula of A, acidic electrode coating is:
Marble 5% ~ 10%;
Fluorite 5% ~ 10%;
Feldspar 5% ~ 8%;
Muscovite 8% ~ 10%;
Quartz 15% ~ 20%;
Mid-carbon fe-mn 10% ~ 12%;
Titanium dioxide 15% ~ 20%;
Rutile 25%-30%;
Cellulose 2% ~ 4%;
Other are 0 ~ 10% years old;
The mass percent of the formula of B, alkaline low-hydrogen electrode coating is:
Marble 30% ~ 50%;
Fluorite 15% ~ 20%;
Quartz 3% ~ 5%;
Mid-carbon fe-mn 5% ~ 10%;
Titanium-iron powder 10% ~ 15%;
Titanium dioxide 5% ~ 8%;
Aluminium powder 2% ~ 4%;
Other are 0 ~ 10% years old;
The mass percent of C, stainless type welding rod coating recipe is:
Marble 3% ~ 5%;
Feldspar 8% ~ 10%;
Fluorite 3% ~ 5%;
Muscovite 5% ~ 8%;
Titanium dioxide 8% ~ 10%;
Rutile 15%-20%;
Quartz 2% ~ 4%;
Manganese powder 28% ~ 35%;
Silica flour 7% ~ 10%;
Chromium powder 3% ~ 5%;
Nickel powder 2% ~ 4%;
Other are 0 ~ 10% years old.
A manufacture method for Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod, comprises the following steps:
A, Fe-based shape memory alloy core wire manufacture
Select melting material by designing requirement, after the formulation ratio mixing of welding rod core wire, adopt vacuum induction melting furnace melting; During melting after raw material all dissolves, insulation about 30min makes uniform composition, and then mould is cast into ingot casting.Ingot casting cuts cap mouth after about 1200 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 24h, and car removes crust, forge hot squarely blank, initial forging temperature 1050 DEG C, and final forging temperature is not less than 900 DEG C, in case forge crack; Square billet is the wire rod of φ 6 ~ 10mm through hot rolling, and start rolling temperature 1050 DEG C, finishing temperature is not less than 900 DEG C.Wire rod, again through overpickling, is drawn into the silk material of specification needed for welding rod core wire at 1050 DEG C, length is more on request carried out alignment and cuts into welding rod core wire on straightening and cutting machine; Core wire must carry out the solution treatment of 1000 DEG C × 1h in vacuum heat treatment furnace; Described required specification is φ 0.8 ~ 5mm;
The preparation of B, electrode coating
Electrode coating powder is prepared burden according to selected welding rod coating recipe ratio; The material prepared carries out being dry mixed making it even in mixer or ball mill, then slowly pours appropriate waterglass into as adhesive, stirs into the coating with certain viscosity, can deliver to suppression electrode on extrusion press;
C, welding rod extrusion
The coating extrusion utilizing extrusion press to be prepared by step B on core wire, and is processed bare terminal and arc end, makes it the profile with welding rod; Extrusion welding rod is out sent into after natural drying or low temperature are dried high temperature drying stove to carry out curing or directly enter continuous type drying stove and directly dry and obtain required welding rod.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. the low distortion of weld residual stress is little.Seam organization after welding rod welding of the present invention is Fe-based shape memory alloy, the residual-tensile stress of commissure can make alloy bring out γ → ε martensitic traoformation, its phase transformation distortion (expansions), by the residual-tensile stress of lax weld seam, makes it be reduced under yield strength (because of induced phase transition driving force lower than yield strength) and reduce welding deformation.
2. weld fatigue intensity is high, ensure that the comprehensive mechanical property of welding point.This is because Fe-based shape memory alloy seam organization has " stress adaptive characteristic ", and when namely alloy is subject to extraneous effect of stress, the change adapting to extraneous macro-stress and distortion is out of shape in the phase transformation by the positive reverse transformation of stress-inducedεmartensite and contribution thereof.Fe-based shape memory alloy produces under alternate stress effect
martensitic traoformation distortion selects to moving due to Shockley imperfect dislocation, crystal structure can not be destroyed as the distortion of perfect dislocation plastic flow, stress level needed for induced phase transition is lower than the driving force of perfect dislocation sliding deformation and yield stress, and phase transformation distortion is far longer than the elastic deformation of common metal material, more than 2% (suitable with the SME of alloy) can be reached in theory.Therefore, the weld seam that Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod is formed has higher fatigue strength, especially has the fatigue strength under large sstrain amplitude.
3, Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod of the present invention is prepared and is used the requirement according to existing common welding rod, and welding procedure is simple, and do not need preheating before weldering, postwelding does not need heat treatment, and to welding, proficiency requires low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention has 3, accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure figure of welding rod weld seam of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of welding rod weld seam of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the fracture apperance of welding rod weld seam of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The manufacture method of the low residual stress welding rod of Fe-based shape memory alloy is described below by embodiment:
A, Fe-based shape memory alloy core wire manufacture
Select the melting materials such as ingot iron (or mild steel), electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon, electrolysis chromium, pure nickel, vanadium iron according to design, the mass percent of component prescription is one of following three kinds of formulas:
1# fills a prescription: C :≤0.08%, Mn:15%, Si:5%, Cr:10%, Ni:4%, and after removing impurity, all the other compositions are Fe;
2# fills a prescription: C:0.2%, Mn:20%, Si:4.5%, Cr:1%, Ni:2.5%, V:0.9%, and after removing impurity, all the other compositions are Fe;
3# fills a prescription: C :≤0.08%, Mn:6%, Si:3%, Cr:8%, Ni:2%, and after removing impurity, all the other compositions are Fe.
Alloy smelting adopts the melting of intermediate frequency vacuum induction furnace smelting, and after raw material all dissolves, insulation about 30min makes uniform composition, and then mould is cast into 25kg ingot casting.Ingot casting cuts cap mouth after about 1200 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 24h, and car removes crust, and forge hot becomes φ 3535mm square billet, initial forging temperature 1050 DEG C, and final forging temperature is not less than 900 DEG C, in case forge crack.Square billet is the wire rod of φ 8 through hot rolling, start rolling temperature 1050 DEG C, finishing temperature 900 DEG C.Wire rod, again through overpickling, is drawn into the silk material of φ 2mm at 1050 DEG C, length is more on request carried out alignment and cuts into welding rod core wire on straightening and cutting machine.Core wire must carry out the solution treatment of 1000 DEG C × 1h in vacuum heat treatment furnace.
Prepared by B, electrode coating
The mass percent of electrode coating component prescription is one of following three kinds of formulas:
1# acidic electrode coating recipe, its food ingredient mass percent is as follows: marble: 7%, fluorite: 8%, feldspar: 5%, muscovite: 8%, quartz: 16%, mid-carbon fe-mn: 10%, titanium dioxide: 17%, rutile: 27%, cellulose: 2%;
2# basic electrode low hydrogen coating recipe, its food ingredient mass percent is as follows: marble: 42%, fluorite: 17%, quartz: 4%, mid-carbon fe-mn: 9%, titanium-iron powder: 13%, titanium dioxide: 7%, aluminium powder: 3.4%, low ferrosilicon: 4%, soda ash: 0.6%;
The stainless type electrode coating of 3#, its food ingredient mass percent is as follows: marble: 4%, feldspar: 9%, fluorite: 4%, muscovite: 7%, titanium dioxide: 9%, rutile: 17%, quartz: 3%, manganese powder: 29%, silica flour: 8%, chromium powder: 4%, nickel powder: 3%.
In order to reduce the scaling loss of alloying element in welding process, alloy powder need mix and make its granularity between 60 ~ 200 orders on ball mill.
Then in batch mixing, slowly pour appropriate waterglass (as adhesive) into, stir into the coating with certain viscosity, suppression electrode on extrusion press can be delivered to.
C, welding rod extrusion
Utilize small-sized extrusion press by the coating extrusion of above-mentioned preparation on core wire, and bare terminal and arc end are processed, make it the profile with welding rod.Extrusion welding rod out can be sent into after natural drying high temperature drying stove to carry out curing and obtain required welding rod.
D, welding performance are tested
Can obtain after tested, the welding deformation of Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod of the present invention is significantly less than the welding deformation of common welding rod, and weld fatigue intensity is much larger than the fatigue strength of common welding rod weld seam.Cr18Ni9Nb stainless steel electrode prepared by the stainless sections base memorial alloy welding rod such as adopting above-mentioned formula to prepare on argon arc welding machine and conventional formulation, selects identical technique welding butt welding two pieces of 100 × 80 × 1mm
3304 stainless-steel sheets of (long × wide × thick), joint is 30 ° of double V-grooves, obtains welding point.Reach the standard grade in weld joint stable region and be cut into 200 × 4 × 1mm
3sample, weld seam is positioned at the mid point of sample.Sample carries out the bend cycles fatigue test of plastic strain amplitude ± 1% on special die, and result of the test is in table 1.From table 1, stainless sections base memorial alloy welding rod weld fatigue intensity is far above Cr18Ni9Nb stainless steel electrode weld seam, and the fatigue strength at its welding line joint place is better than 304 stainless steel mother metals.In addition, the measurement display of weldment distortion, the welding deformation of stainless sections base memorial alloy welding rod is well below Cr
18ni
9nb stainless steel electrode, shows that Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod postwelding residual stress is less.
Fatigue life under table 1 laser weld joint ± 1% plastic strain amplitude
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure figure of weld material after Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod of the present invention welding.Visible seam organization even compact, without the defect such as hole, crackle; Fig. 2 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of weld material after Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod of the present invention welding.As seen from Figure 2, there is ε martensitic traoformation in Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod weld seam, show that weld metal there occurs stress-inducedεmartensite under residual stress effect, the residual stress of the welded seam that can relax is out of shape in phase transformation, reduces the welding deformation of component thus; Fig. 3 is the fracture apperance that Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod postwelding forms metal welding seam, belongs to the tough break of typical dimple shape, shows that its fatigue strength is higher.
Claims (1)
1. a formula for Fe-based shape memory alloy welding rod, comprises the formula of welding rod core wire and the formula of electrode coating, it is characterized in that: the mass percent of the chemical composition of described welding rod core wire is as follows:
C：0.02％～1.2％；
Mn：5％～25％；
Si：2％～10％；
Ni：1％～10％；
Cr：0.5％～15％；
V：0～2％；
Nb：0～2％；
Ti：0～2％；
Zr：0～2％；
N：0～2％；
Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity;
The formula of described electrode coating is one of following two kinds:
The mass percent of the formula of A, acidic electrode coating is:
Marble 5% ~ 10%;
Fluorite 5% ~ 10%;
Feldspar 5% ~ 8%;
Muscovite 8% ~ 10%;
Quartz 15% ~ 20%;
Mid-carbon fe-mn 10% ~ 12%;
Titanium dioxide 15% ~ 20%;
Rutile 25%-30%;
Cellulose 2% ~ 4%;
The mass percent of B, stainless type welding rod coating recipe is:
Marble 3% ~ 5%;
Feldspar 8% ~ 10%;
Fluorite 3% ~ 5%;
Muscovite 5% ~ 8%;
Titanium dioxide 8% ~ 10%;
Rutile 15%-20%;
Quartz 2% ~ 4%;
Manganese powder 28% ~ 35%;
Silica flour 7% ~ 10%;
Chromium powder 3% ~ 5%;
Nickel powder 2% ~ 4%.
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| CN104400245B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-11-30 | 天津市金桥焊材集团有限公司 | A kind of carbon steel core stainless steel electrode welded for big electric current |
| CN105458553A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-06 | 无锡普瑞明思机械制造有限公司 | Memory type welding electrode |
| CN108568618A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-25 | 湖北新谛焊接科技有限公司 | The formula and its production technology and device of a kind of electrode coating |
| CN107824996A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-23 | 新疆天山恒合能源装备有限责任公司 | The welding method of bridge steel structure |
| CN114833488A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-02 | 大连海事大学 | Filling powder for laser welding of EH36 steel and preparation method and use method thereof |
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