CN101886914A - Underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device - Google Patents
Underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101886914A CN101886914A CN 201010204629 CN201010204629A CN101886914A CN 101886914 A CN101886914 A CN 101886914A CN 201010204629 CN201010204629 CN 201010204629 CN 201010204629 A CN201010204629 A CN 201010204629A CN 101886914 A CN101886914 A CN 101886914A
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- retroreflective sheeting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wall rock displacement real-time observation device which comprises a computer, a total station, a displacement rotating disk, an inner reflecting diaphragm, an outer reflecting diaphragm and a steel wire, wherein the outer reflecting diaphragm and the displacement rotating disk are coaxially installed; the gray scale of the surface of the outer reflecting diaphragm gradually changes in the tangential direction by using a shaft as the circle center; three windows are uniformly and symmetrically distributed in the displacement rotating disk by using the shaft as the circle center; the end surface of the shaft is provided with the inner reflecting diaphragm; the steel wire is wound around the shaft, the front end of the steel wire is connected with a wall rock measuring point, and the back end is connected with a weight; a measuring point anchorage head is fixedly connected with the rock wall in a wall rock measuring drill hole; the total station is connected with the computer which is provided with software, and the total station can be used for recording total station ranging laser reflected by the inner reflecting diaphragm and total station collimating laser reflected by the outer reflecting diaphragm in real time. The device can simultaneously obtain displacements of measuring points on the surface of and in the wall rock by non-contact observation, and is beneficial to rapid measurement on the deformation and real-time analysis and research on the stability of the underground engineering wall rock.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground engineering wall rock displacement observation device, more specifically relate to a kind of device that is used for country rock surface and internal displacement real-time monitored, be applicable to the displacement monitoring in the underground engineering constructions such as tunnel, cave depot, mine working, water power factory building.
Background technology
The surrouding rock deformation monitoring is dynamically to adjust arrangement and method for construction in the underground engineering construction, determines the important evidence of supporting opportunity and parameter.The surrouding rock deformation monitoring of underground works comprises surface and internal displacement monitoring, and multipoint displacement meter is generally adopted in the measurement of country rock internal displacement, and the country rock surface displacement generally adopts convergence gauge or total powerstation observation.In order to determine country rock physical and mechanical parameter and initial stress field, must obtain two kinds of displacement datas simultaneously.Because the country rock internal displacement that multipoint displacement meter obtains is not absolute displacement, but the variable in distance between measurement boring surface and the hole internal fixation measuring point, know the empty space displacement of the inner measuring point of country rock, must understand the spatial position change of vent surface simultaneously.At present on the engineering, these two kinds of displacements are separately observation, or even two groups of observation personnel carry out at different time, and information can not in time be integrated; And be in the state of hand dipping, artificial reading mostly, it is time-consuming to require great effort, very unfavorable to country rock parameter back-analysis, the Dynamic Construction project setting implemented in the New Austrian Tunneling Method construction, usually cause design proposal and construction organization to revise the delay of adjusting, cause engineering safety hidden danger or waste easily, and influence construction speed.Therefore, need development to observe the method for real-time and the device of country rock inside and surface displacement simultaneously.
The country rock surface displacement uses convergence gauge to measure mostly, for being convenient for measuring reading, people have developed multiple device, Chinese patent 99232088 disclosed fuselage convergence gauges that revolve for example, by the rotation fuselage, improved the bigger tunnel excavation of section and be the unfavorable situation of reading of to ascend a height, and for example Chinese patent 99244887 disclosed electronic digital display convergence gauges, by the mode that numeral shows, accelerated operating personnel's reading process.Or adopt total powerstation noncontact observation, for example the method for Chinese patent 200310111644 disclosed a kind of underground chambers, the contactless convergence monitoring in tunnel utilizes total powerstation and target to carry out remote country rock surface deformation convergent fast monitored.
Multipoint displacement meter is generally taked in the measurement of country rock internal displacement, and most of the employing manually carried out staff reading during measurement, and for example Chinese patent 92229267 disclosed multipoint displacement meters adopt the rigidity measuring staff to replace steel wire to transmit the anchor head displacement and carry out reading; Chinese patent 200710052926 disclosed mechanical type multiple-point displacement gages by major and minor chi combination, have improved the measurement range; The disclosed big displacement quantity direct-reading of Chinese patent CN2725847Y multipoint displacement meter is by Great Wall Software's chi and magnifier observation window, the survey measurements that carries out the big displacement of rock interior.The displacement measuring device of another kind of electromagnet-type also is the mode that adopts artificial reading.For example Chinese patent 93236366 disclosed wireless boring multipoint displacement meters utilize the measuring staff detector to combine with tested magnet in the country rock boring and measure the magnet displacement; Chinese patent 902247905 disclosed multipoint displacement meters utilize semi-girder foil gauge voltage, measure the displacement of string wire silk.
This class technology and the corresponding apparatus part that comes with some shortcomings in actual applications: 1) can't carry out the measurement of country rock internal displacement and engineering surface displacement simultaneously, influence the real-time of data feedbacks; 2) for fear of the influencing each other of two kinds of apparatuss, there is bigger distance in country rock surface displacement measuring point and internal displacement gaging hole aperture, and be unfavorable to obtaining real country rock internal displacement.3) for surface monitorings such as the measurement of country rock internal displacement and convergence gauges, need manually carry out reading near measured hole, for the underground space engineering of big section, so personnel's measurements that be difficult to climb is difficult enforcement; And, influence normal construction owing to need assistance such as framing scaffold, ladder or chassis.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of real-time observation device of underground engineering wall rock displacement, can directly observe the displacement that obtains country rock surface displacement and inner measuring point at a distance, easily, help the accurate acquisition of underground engineering wall rock distortion back analysis parameter and the rapid adjustment of arrangement and method for construction.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of device of underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time monitored, it comprises: displacement rotating disk, outer retroreflective sheeting, interior retroreflective sheeting, wire, support, weight, total powerstation and computing machine.It is characterized in that: interior retroreflective sheeting and outer retroreflective sheeting are arranged, outer retroreflective sheeting and the coaxial installation of displacement rotating disk, the displacement rotating disk covers in outer retroreflective sheeting; Outer retroreflective sheeting is fixedlyed connected with support, does not rotate with rotating shaft; Outer retroreflective sheeting surface is gray scale tangential gradual change in the center of circle with the rotating shaft; The displacement rotating disk is that the center of circle is distributed with three windows symmetrically with the rotating shaft; Device has interior retroreflective sheeting on the rotating shaft end face; Install around steel wire in the rotating shaft, the steel wire front end is connected with the country rock measuring point, and the rear end is connected with weight, and moving of steel wire can fricton-tightly drive rotating shaft and the rotation of displacement rotating disk; Total powerstation links to each other with computing machine, and software is housed in the computing machine, can calculate the absolute position, space of observation device by the total powerstation range finding laser of retroreflective sheeting reflection in the total powerstation real time record; The total powerstation of the outer retroreflective sheeting reflection of real time record is sighted laser; By analyzing the grayscale mode of reflector laser, obtain the rotational angle of displacement rotating disk, in conjunction with the observation device spatial position data, further calculate the displacement numerical value and the locus of country rock surface and inner measuring point.
The present invention has following advantage and effect:
1. can implement country rock surface and internal displacement simultaneously and observe, speed is fast, and is very favourable to the rapid adjustment of the real-time analysis of surrouding rock deformation and arrangement and method for construction;
2. can obtain the absolute displacement of country rock inside exactly, favourable to country rock parametric inversion and stability analysis;
3. in underground engineering constructions such as tunnel, mine working, can carry out remote observation easily, reduce influence, improve observation personnel's processing safety simultaneously normal construction.
Self-emission laser need not floor light when 4. measuring;
5. it is big to measure range, and the monitoring accuracy height has been avoided the error of artificial visually examine's displacement meter scale.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of wall rock displacement real-time observation device structural representation.
Fig. 2 is a kind of reflex reflector front elevation.
Fig. 3 is a kind of reflex reflector side view.
Fig. 4 is a kind of outer retroreflective sheeting synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a kind of interior retroreflective sheeting synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 is a kind of reflector laser signal analysis synoptic diagram.
Wherein: computing machine 1, total powerstation 2, displacement rotating disk 3, window 4, rotating shaft 5, steel wire 6, measuring point anchorage head 7, outer retroreflective sheeting 8, weight 9, interior retroreflective sheeting 10 and support 11.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
A kind of country rock internal displacement optical observation apparatus is made up of computing machine 1, total powerstation 2, displacement rotating disk 3, window 4, rotating shaft 5, steel wire 6, measuring point anchorage head 7, outer retroreflective sheeting 8, weight 9, interior retroreflective sheeting 10 and support 11.It is characterized in that: outer retroreflective sheeting 8 and displacement rotating disk 3 coaxial being installed on the support 11, displacement rotating disk 3 hides outer retroreflective sheeting 8; Install around steel wire 6 in the rotating shaft 5, steel wire 6 front ends are measured the interior measuring point anchorage head 7 of boring with country rock and are connected, and steel wire 6 rear ends are connected with weight 9, and steel wire 6 can fricton-tightly drive rotating shaft 5 and displacement rotating disk 3 rotates; Outer retroreflective sheeting 8 is fixedlyed connected with support 11; Outer retroreflective sheeting 8 reflecting surfaces are center of circle gray scale gradual change with rotating shaft 5 axis; Displacement rotating disk 3 is that the center of circle is distributed with 4 three of windows symmetrically with rotating shaft 5 axis; Total powerstation 2 links to each other with computing machine 1, analysis software (" tunnel deformation monitoring system " is housed in the computing machine 1, software copyright registration number 2007SR01365), but the total powerstation 2 range finding laser of retroreflective sheeting 10 reflections in the real time record, and sight laser by the total powerstation 2 that window on the displacement rotating disk 34 China and foreign countries' retroreflective sheetings 8 and interior retroreflective sheeting 10 reflect, obtain the country rock absolute displacement data that measuring point anchorage head 7 characterizes by analyzing the laser four peak value structure grey scale signals that multiwindow forms.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, computing machine 1 links to each other with total powerstation 2, forms the observation and analysis part, but the distance and the angle of the interior retroreflective sheeting 10 of real-time monitored record obtain the country rock surface location; But the laser that reflects by the laser that reflected by outer retroreflective sheeting 8 in the window 4 on the displacement rotating disk 3 and retroreflective sheeting 10 of real time record simultaneously, software analysis laser grey scale signal in the computing machine 1 as shown in Figure 6, presents four peak value structures.According to the data of prior demarcation, obtain the position of rotation of present bit transfer dish 3, the observation device locus in conjunction with being obtained by interior retroreflective sheeting 10 observations further calculates country rock surface and inner displacement and absolute position.
During concrete enforcement, computing machine 1 adopts portable machine or the desktop computer that possesses serial port, can with total powerstation 2 communication exchange information, obtain range finding, angle measurement data and laser-bounce imaging data, carry out analytical calculation.Total powerstation 2 adopts CCD imaging-type electronic total station, and available model has Topcon MS series, come card TPS1200 series etc.Steel wire 6 adopts indium steel wire or high-strength stainless steel wire.Displacement rotating disk 3 adopts inferior light black plastic dish to make, the disk overall diameter is slightly larger than outer retroreflective sheeting 8 overall diameters, interior diameter is identical with rotating shaft 5, fixedly connected with rotating shaft 5, be that the center of circle has 4 three of windows (be between window 120 degree spacings distribute) symmetrically with rotating shaft 5 axis on the card, make that the resolution of 1 pair of laser multi-peak of computing machine structure grey scale signal is more stable easier.Rotating shaft 5 end faces are equipped with interior retroreflective sheeting 10, cooperate total powerstation 2 to realize the range finding angle measurement.Interior retroreflective sheeting 10 is rounded, adopts the Leica of band centre mark or Topcon to measure reflective membrane and makes uniform gray level.Interior retroreflective sheeting 10 rotating shafts 5 coaxial rotation, sidesway does not take place in its center, has fixing relative position relation with displacement rotating disk 3 and outer retroreflective sheeting 8, guarantees the accuracy of the look in the distance aiming and the reflector laser analysis of total powerstation 2.Outer retroreflective sheeting 8 adopts 3M in the form of a ring
TMDiamond reflecting film, Leica or Topcon measure reflective membrane, 10～20 centimetres of overall diameters, on cover transparent membrane, transparent membrane adopts electroplates printing level PC film or the PET film printing is made.Outer retroreflective sheeting 8 reflector space gray scales are clockwise or counterclockwise gradual change, and the transmittance lowest part is not less than 50%; Outer retroreflective sheeting 8 interior diameters are sleeved in the rotating shaft 5 than rotating shaft 5 slightly larger in diameter, and with rotating shaft 5 rotations, the back side is not fixed on the support 11.Support 11 adopts stainless steel to make, and can be fixed by bolts to country rock and measure on the rock of drilling orifice.Rotating shaft 5 adopts stainless steel to make, and is contained on the support 11, can stablize rotation.
Rotating shaft 5 is carried out roughened with steel wire 6 surface in contacts, guaranteeing that steel wire 6 moves under measuring point anchorage head 7 and weight 9 tractions when, the relative slip of rotating shaft 5 and steel wire 6 does not take place, prevents that error from appearring in displacement measurement.Measuring point anchorage head 7 can adopt modes such as the wood that expands, bolt anchoring and country rock to measure to hole interior rock to fix.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
1. total powerstation 2 is sighted the outer retroreflective sheeting 8 and interior retroreflective sheeting 10 of laser radiation stepping rotation, obtains record behind the reflected light, sights the laser reflective light contrast of retroreflective sheeting 10 in the irradiation separately with total powerstation 2, forms the grayscale mode benchmark, record.
2. after observation device being connected, be fixed on country rock by support 11 and measure on the drilling orifice crag, rock is fixed in measuring point anchorage head 7 and the hole, place weight 9 after, steel wire 6 is tight, is set to original state;
3. total powerstation 2 is freely established the station, and laser position measurement is first carried out at retroreflective sheeting 10 centers in the aiming, obtains the absolute position, space of observation device, record;
4. start total powerstation 2 simultaneously and sight laser, shine outer retroreflective sheeting 8 and interior retroreflective sheeting 10, computing machine 1 obtains the reflector laser signal by total powerstation 2, analyzes and record reflector laser grayscale mode, is set to the initial zero position of deformation in surrounding rock;
5. during the displacement of underground engineering wall rock each several part, the measuring point anchorage head 7 and weight 9 traction steel wires 6 of internal fixation drive displacement rotating disk 3 and rotate, and with outer retroreflective sheeting 8 an angle changing of the relative positions are arranged;
6. observe this place's surrounding rock displacement situation once more after at certain time intervals, retroreflective sheeting 10 centers in total powerstation 2 aimings, range finding laser measurement, calculating obtain the absolute displacement of observation device; Total powerstation 2 is sighted outer retroreflective sheeting 8 of laser radiation and interior retroreflective sheeting 10, obtain reflected light post analysis light grayscale mode, contrast calculates the angle that relatively rotates of displacement rotating disk 3, obtain the relative movement distance of inner measuring point of country rock and observation device, in conjunction with the absolute displacement of observation device, calculate the absolute displacement of the inner measuring point of country rock;
7. according to engineering surrounding rock observation requirement, repeated measures, computing machine 1 record.
Claims (4)
1. wall rock displacement real-time observation device, comprise computing machine (1), total powerstation (2), displacement rotating disk (3), measuring point anchorage head (7), outer retroreflective sheeting (8), retroreflective sheeting (10), it is characterized in that: computing machine (1) links to each other with total powerstation (2), computing machine is equipped with analysis software in (1), on rotating shaft (5) end face interior retroreflective sheeting (10) is housed, measuring point anchorage head (7) is connected with steel wire (6), steel wire (6) is walked around rotating shaft (5) and is connected with weight (9), displacement rotating disk (3) and the coaxial installation of outer retroreflective sheeting (8), displacement rotating disk (3) hides outer retroreflective sheeting (8), measuring point anchorage head (7) is fixedlyed connected with crag in the country rock measurement boring, and outer retroreflective sheeting (8) is fixedlyed connected with support (11).
2. a kind of wall rock displacement real-time observation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described outer retroreflective sheeting (8) is for measuring reflective membrane, 10～20 centimetres of outer retroreflective sheeting (8) diameters, reflective gray scale gradual change.
3. a kind of wall rock displacement real-time observation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: retroreflective sheeting (10) is for measuring reflective membrane in described, and interior retroreflective sheeting (10) diameter has center mark less than rotating shaft (5) end face diameter.
4. a kind of wall rock displacement real-time observation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described displacement rotating disk (3) is that the center of circle is distributed with (4) three of windows symmetrically with rotating shaft (5) axis.
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| CN201010204629XA CN101886914B (en) | 2010-06-13 | 2010-06-13 | Underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device |
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| CN201010204629XA CN101886914B (en) | 2010-06-13 | 2010-06-13 | Underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device |
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| CN101886914A true CN101886914A (en) | 2010-11-17 |
| CN101886914B CN101886914B (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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| CN201010204629XA Expired - Fee Related CN101886914B (en) | 2010-06-13 | 2010-06-13 | Underground engineering wall rock displacement real-time observation device |
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| CN102135414A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-07-27 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating displacement of wall rock |
| CN102221334A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-10-19 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Method used in tunnel engineering for exactly measuring internal displacement of wall rock |
| CN102620672A (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-08-01 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Application of image mosaic technology in tunnel surrounding rock deformation noncontact measurement |
| RU2503809C1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-01-10 | Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" | Device for determining parameters of location of downcoming inclined bore pits and wells |
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| CN110595378A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-20 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Real-time ground surface or slope deformation monitoring device and method based on laser ranging principle |
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| CN102135414A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-07-27 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating displacement of wall rock |
| CN102221334A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-10-19 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Method used in tunnel engineering for exactly measuring internal displacement of wall rock |
| CN102221334B (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Method used in tunnel engineering for exactly measuring internal displacement of wall rock |
| CN102620672B (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2015-01-14 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Application of image mosaic technology in tunnel surrounding rock deformation noncontact measurement |
| CN102620672A (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-08-01 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Application of image mosaic technology in tunnel surrounding rock deformation noncontact measurement |
| RU2503809C1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-01-10 | Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" | Device for determining parameters of location of downcoming inclined bore pits and wells |
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| CN103575194B (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-01-20 | 大连德迈仕精密轴有限公司 | A kind of axle class surface thread lead angle detection device |
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