CN101868594B - 井下防喷管阀 - Google Patents
井下防喷管阀 Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
- E21B34/102—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole with means for locking the closing element in open or closed position
- E21B34/103—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole with means for locking the closing element in open or closed position with a shear pin
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
- E21B2200/04—Ball valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49963—Threaded fastener
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
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Abstract
一种球式井下防喷管阀,其特征在于通过控制驱动活塞的管路压力以使球绕其轴线旋转以打开或关闭阀。所述球也可切换到锁合的打开位置。一个罩围绕球并且为球保持相对的基座。罩由整块组成,并且在整个罩由电火花线切割机加工技术纵向切开前,切向孔被钻出并攻丝。使切割的两半部再结合的紧固件适当的隔开它们以达到初始的整体内部尺寸。辅助工具确定内部构件的间距,以便在球的相对基座上实现预定的弹簧预加载。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及井下防喷管阀领域,所述阀允许通过隔离充气油井的下部而在充气油井中建立钻柱,更特别地,本发明还涉及有关这种阀的特征,所述特征涉及阀的锁止、组装和部件制作技术。
背景技术
防喷管阀是用在井下的阀,以允许长的组件在井中在闭合的防喷管阀上面置于一起,其中的井压要比闭合的防喷管阀下方低得多。这些阀通常与地面下的安全阀串列,以便具有抗井下压力的富余闭合度。
防喷管组件用在井的表面,且包括在井头上面的隔室,通过所述隔室,井底元件与用于关闭井压力的底部阀装配到一起。这些表面防喷管具有限定的长度,该长度由可用的钻井安装设备的长度限定。井下防喷管仅能大约具有表面防喷管限制的长度,通过使用井下防喷管阀以容许井筒内长达数千英尺的长度来装配井底组件。
以前,球阀已经被用作防喷管阀。它们通常具有一对位于活塞相反侧上的控制管路,活塞的来回运动引起球在打开位置和闭合位置之间旋转90度。夹头可用于在两种位置控制球,且响应于其中一个控制管路的控制压力,夹头将球放开。这样的设计的例子可参考USP4368871;4197879和4130166。在这些专利中,球在枢销上围绕自己的轴线转动。其它的设计在球旋转球90度的同时在打开和闭合位置之间平移球。这样的例子如Expro组织提供的包括这样一种防喷管阀的15K增强陆用钻柱组件。其它的设计结合了球的旋转和平移,在如USP4522370所示的球的关闭位置中,球具有单独的由液压驱动以锁定球的转动的锁紧套筒及移动套筒。某些阀为油管收回式,例如Halliburton的PES牌LV4防喷管阀。锁定开启套筒,通过USP4449587提供的球。其它的设计,例如用于海底采油树的USP6109352,具有用于球的齿轮齿条传动装置及使用遥控潜水器(ROV)以在打开和闭合位置之间操作阀,要求任一终点位置为锁定位置,但该文献还描述了同一ROV简单地反转方向且阀能反转方向。
不足的并为本发明致力解决的是一个为井下球式防喷管阀提出更完美的解决方案。特点之一是为了锁止打开的球而能够平移球,所述球通常在打开和闭合状态之间围绕自己的轴线旋转。另一个特点是制造部件的方法,所述部件必须被纵向切开以便它们保持初始孔尺寸,尽管纵向切开部件导致了壁的切除。又一个特点是能够装配组件到给定总尺寸以便在与球啮合的偏置基座上准确地设定预负载。本发明的这些及其他特点对阅读了如下所述的优选实施例和相应的附图的本领域技术人员而言是显而易见,而本发明的保护范围通过权利要求确定。
发明内容
一种球式井下防喷管阀,其特征在于通过控制驱动活塞的管路压力以使球绕其轴线旋转以打开或关闭阀。所述球也可切换到锁合的打开位置。一个罩围绕球并且为球保持相对的基座。罩由整块制成,并且在整个罩由电火花线切割机加工技术纵向切开前,切向孔被钻进并攻丝。使切割的两半部再结合的紧固件适当的隔开它们以达到初始的整体内部尺寸。辅助工具用于确定内部构件的间距,以便在球的相对基座上实现预定的弹性预加载。
附图说明
图1为整个防喷管阀的剖视图;
图2是图1的阀的顶端的放大视图;
图3是图1中球打开时阀的中部的放大的视图;
图4是图3示出的球被关闭的另一视图;
图5是图1的阀的下端的放大视图;
图6是图4和5的剖视图的透视图;
图7示出了图1中的阀的顶端,处于装配中以得到适当的内部组件间距;
图8示出图1中的阀的下端,处于装配中以得到适当的内部组件间距;
图9为围绕球并且被纵向拆分的罩的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了主要部件的布局以说明它们的相互位置,其中球10处于中央并在关闭位置。套筒12在球10上方同时套筒14在球10之下。这些套筒相应地形成基座16和18,基座16和18通过罩20容纳着球10。罩20在图9的透视图中被示出。滑动件22延伸通过罩20且套准球10以便球10在枢销24上在开启和关闭位置间旋转。活塞26响应于控制管路的压力以往复移动滑动件22以便操作球10。锁定开启组件28被配置在工具的顶部附近,而预负载调整机构30被定位在相对端附近。通过采用本阀主要组件的该基本定位,其它图现在将被用来显示附加的细节及说明基本操作。
图6可用于理解球10如何在图6所示的关闭位置和图3所示的开启位置之间旋转90度。活塞26以与现有技术所知的许多活塞一样运行,并应用于井下阀中。一对控制管路(未显示)从地表连接到活塞26上相反的活塞表面区域以驱使它在相反的方向上移动。活塞26被固定到滑动件22,用于串行运动。滑动件22具有通过臂36连接的上环32和下环34,其中一个臂在图6中可见。参照图9,可以看到,罩具有接受滑动件22的臂36的纵向槽38和40。参照图1和6,可以看到,滑动件22在它的沿井孔向上方向行程的末端与心轴42接触。球10具有对角的外部槽44,图6示出其中一个外部槽的一部分。槽44在相对的平面46上彼此平行,在图1中可以更好地看到。球10上的平面46抵接罩20的臂48和50,在图6和9中可以看得最清楚。孔52和54接收延伸进入球10中的枢销24,容许球10绕其自己的轴线旋转。罩22不能移动,但是当滑动件22通过活塞26被移动时,结果是球10绕着其自己的轴线旋转。这是由于臂36具有向内的与球10中的槽44套装的销(未显示),该销从枢销24偏离中心而致使球10旋转。
为清楚的了解这一运动过程,需要比较图3和4。图4示出球10处于关闭位置并且上环32接近于心轴42而不是接触心轴42。这是由于扣环56与在套筒12上的槽58套紧,以保持球10在关闭位置,直到足够的压力施加到活塞26上以使扣环56从槽58中弹出,直到与槽60套紧,以限定出图3的开启位置。此外,在图4中,在球10的正常打开和关闭的过程中,附图示出的除球10之外的、仅有的运动部件是带扣环56的滑动件22。图3示出球10在扣环56与槽60套紧时的全开位置。此时滑动件22可选择地与罩20接触。图3也示出活塞26通过紧固件62连接到滑动件22。用于操纵活塞26的控制管路接头64中的一个也在图3中示出。图3也示出各自形成凸缘64和66的套筒12和14及罩20如何保特那些凸缘在一起靠着球10。密封件16和18相应的被配置在凸缘64和66上,当在图3和4的打开和关闭位置之间旋转球10时用于与球10圆周密封地接触。
现在参考图5,套筒14的下端可被认为是另一个控制管路接头68,被用于在被施加到图3所示的接头64的压力相反的方向上驱动活塞26。底部70具有肩72,弹簧74支撑在肩72上。弹簧74推动利用螺纹78附着于套筒14上的具有螺纹78的环件76。销80锁定环件76的位置,该位置在下面将要说明的过程中被初始确定。实质上,弹簧74是预加载弹簧,预压在以环件76开始并且延伸到图2所示的阀的上端的组件上。
参照图2,锁定开启特性将被描述。套筒12最终选择性地由上部82保持。肩84包含相对于心轴42固定的棘齿圈86。棘齿圈86具有限定锥体90的底切88。环件92初始位于底切88上。该环件92具有棘轮齿94,在图2的相应位置,棘轮齿94偏离在棘齿圈86上的棘轮齿96。环件92支撑在挡圈98上,挡圈98又在套筒12的沟槽102中固定开口环100。由于这些部件的关系,套筒12向下对着球10并抵抗来自弹簧74(见图5)的作用于套筒14的沿井孔向上方向的作用力。锁紧套环104具有用于与工具(未显示)接合的一个或多个内槽106,所述工具最终将沿井孔向上方向拉动套环104。剪切销108初始将锁紧套环104固定到套筒12。套筒12具有最终与自锁紧套环104延伸的切向销112套紧的沟槽110。锁紧套环104最初将环件92保持在底切88中。在操作时,锁紧套环104用工具(未显示)拖起以剪断剪切销108。当锁紧套环向上移动时,切向销112位于沟槽110内直到碰到沟槽110的顶部,此时套环104与套筒12一前一后地移动。同时,锁紧套环104从环件92沿井孔向上的方向移动,允许其向内倒塌以清除锥体90。当切向销112与沟槽110的顶部套紧并且套筒12与轴环104同时移动时,在套筒12的沟槽102内的环件100接受挡圈98,且现在能够推动环件92超出锥体90,以便棘轮齿94能与棘轮圈86上的棘轮齿96接合。如上所述的沿井孔向上方向的运动继续进行直到套筒12遇到行程止挡。这以两种方式发生,取决于当套筒12正被拖向上时球10的位置。如果球10如图3所示处于打开位置,凸缘64向上拉动罩20和在沟槽60处与套筒12套紧的滑动件22。球10与罩20同步,因为它们以枢销24联系。由于在滑动件22和罩20之间没有相对移动,所以球10不旋转。当环件32碰心轴42时套筒12的运动停止,并且该位置通过棘轮齿94和96的齿啮合而被锁定。另一方面,如果球10处于图4的关闭位置,套筒12将带动罩20并且使罩20相对于滑动件22移动。这是由于在套筒12的运动的开始,滑动件22的上环32已经接近心轴42并且当套筒12出现时相当快速地碰撞它。套筒12进一步的沿井孔向上方向的运动相对于滑动件22推动罩20,这样导致在滑动件22内的销转动所述球10以打开,因为它们与在球10内的槽44套紧。当罩20靠着已经停止的滑动件22的环件32时,沿井孔向上的运动停止,该位置通过棘轮齿94和96的齿啮合被再次锁定。
再次参考图2,弹簧114可以可选择地用来推动棘齿圈86,以及通过之前描述的其它部件向下推动套筒12,而套筒12又推动球10和套筒14,套筒14又由弹簧74沿井孔向上的方向偏压,该弹簧推动环件76,该环件76在螺纹78处连接到套筒14上。对于球的正常运转,这个装置保持所述罩20处于固定位置,并且当图2中的环件104被拖动时,允许罩20沿井孔向上的方向平移以获得锁定开启特性,其中完全打开的孔116延伸通过球10并且持续通过在其上方和下方的套筒12和14。本领域技术人员将理解的是,从上端的肩84到下端的肩118的部件每个具有它们自己的公差,并且对于螺纹78上的环件76的位置的可能的调节相当地小。因此,在上部82和下部70的最后组装之前,肩84和118之间的部件的总尺寸可被确定,且为组装部件提供合适的预加载的所需的环件76的位置也能够确定,图7和8示出了该技术。
上定位装置122被组装到心轴42,而不是组装所述上部82和弹簧114到心轴42。当完全地螺纹接合时,肩124正好在某位置碰撞环件86,在该位置处,上部82的肩84通常会与其啮合。同时在图8的下端,下部定位装置124螺纹连接到心轴42上,而不是处于下部70、弹簧74或销80上。下部定位装置124具有一对臂126和128,臂126、128各自具有肩130和132,当所述下部70被拧上时,肩130和132正好在肩118处停止。由于在臂126和128之间存在开放间隙,则存在对环件76进行调节的路径,只更销80不被组装,环件76能在螺纹78上向上或向下移动。环件76转到肩130和132的底部,然后通过旋转升起,以足以容许开口134与凹坑136(见图5)对齐,以便当下部70与弹簧74被组装时,环件76具有尽可能接近肩118的固定位置。同样,上定位装置122(图7)首先移去并由上部82和弹簧114(图2)代替。当下部70和弹簧74拧紧时,弹簧74将具有所需的预加载,尽管有所有装配部件的公差,环件76的实际表面是确定的,因为其与用于提供所需的预加载的弹簧74相关。
参考图9,图中显示了完全地组装的罩20。由于需要跨装球10和凸缘64、66(图3),罩需要被制成二片式。对于制造其中的一片或者为此需要制成两片中的其他片(组装到另外的其他片上)上的技术是形成纵向切口140。在做这个之前,图9所示的所有机械加工均完成,包括在一侧的孔142和144和在另一侧的类似的孔(未可见),它们穿过纵向切口140将形成的地方。再次,在切口形成之前,孔142和144被攻丝。此后,切口140通过电火花线切割(wire EDM)机加工技术制出。这种已知的技术移除壁的一部分,在那里形成切口。这样,在切割的半部组合在一起之后,它们的内径146将小于切割前。然而,当拧紧以连接切口140时,攻出的螺纹和在双头螺栓148、150上的相匹配的螺纹的节距将在切口140处将半部分开(由于螺纹节距的原因)而恰好足够补偿在切割期间被移去的壁的量,所以当被完全地组装时,在切割前的初始的单件式直径146再次出现。而当电火花线切割机加工仅仅除去壁的千分之几英寸以完成纵向的切割时,结果仍然在内孔尺寸上改变。这种钻孔和攻丝的技术在使用电火花线切割机加工的纵切前,允许初始孔尺寸被恢复而将切割半部保持在一起。
本领域技术人员将认识到球式防喷管阀通常在控制管路压力下运行,所述控制管路压力在相反的方向移动活塞26,以使球10在其自身轴线上旋转90度,以达到打开或者关闭位置。当实现所述的打开或关闭时,指示特征部保持开启和关闭位置。通过使上套筒12自由运动并将其提起直至其与球10在打开位置棘齿锁定,同时保持通过阀的完整的孔,阀能够从开启位置或关闭位置被锁定打开。尽管示例了棘齿锁定,其他锁定装置例如过狗窗(dog through window)、夹头或其它同类装置也是可以的。应该注意,球10的平移只在试着将其锁定打开时采用。应该注意,部件能被代替地重新装配以容许球10被选择地紧密锁定。
防喷管阀的另一特征是内部构件预加载及能够测量内部构件的尺寸,在用弹簧或提供预加载的弹性元件固定端部和底部前,适当的预加载可被施加。又一特征是制造纵向的分离部件的方法,使得所述分离部件保持初始的内部尺寸,尽管在用电火花线切割机加工纵向切割前,利用钻孔和攻丝技术的切削操作除去了壁的一部分,然后在被接合的半部内恢复接近原始的间距并跨越纵向切口,这依赖于攻丝螺纹的节距和被插入孔中的紧固件。在这个特别的工具中,罩20和滑动件22可以使用这种技术制成。该技术具有很多其它的应用,用于纵向分割具有内孔的部件,而内孔必须被保持,尽管壁通过类似电火花机加工的切割工艺而除去。
优选实施例已经在上面被阐述,本领域提术人员能理解的是,本发明的范围要显著地更宽,并如下面的权利要求所限定的那样。
Claims (13)
1.一种井下阀,包括:
容纳部(82,42),其具有贯穿其中的通路(12,14);
球(10),该球(10)具有贯穿其中的孔(116),该球可旋转地安装以绕着其轴线旋转而不平移,以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准;
其特征在于:
所述轴线最初与所述球一起转动以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准,当所述孔与所述通路对准时,所述球与所述轴线能够轴向平移而所述球的所述孔与所述通路不脱离对准,以锁定所述球。
2.根据权利要求1的阀,进一步包括:
位于套筒上的相对的基座,所述基座在偏置力的作用下抵接所述球。
3.根据权利要求2的阀,其中:
至少一个所述套筒选择性地固定到所述容纳部。
4.根据权利要求3的阀,其中:
在被松开和移动之后,所述套筒能够锁定到所述容纳部。
5.根据权利要求2的阀,进一步包括:
可移动地在其中一个套筒上安装的调节环,用于在组装在所述容纳部中之后调整具有基座的所述套筒中的一个的邻近端到所述容纳部内的肩部的间距,以便施加预定预负载到支撑在所述调节环和所述肩部上的偏置部件上。
6.一种井下阀,包括:
容纳部(82,42),其具有贯穿其中的通路(12,14);
球(10),该球具有贯穿其中的孔(116),该球可旋转地安装以绕着其轴线旋转而不平移,以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准;
所述轴线最初与所述球一起转动以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准,当所述孔与所述通路对准时,所述球与所述轴线能够轴向平移而所述球的所述孔与所述通路不脱离对准,以锁定所述球;
位于套筒上的相对的基座,所述基座在偏置力的作用下抵接所述球;
至少一个所述套筒选择性地固定到所述容纳部;
在被松开和移动之后,所述套筒能够锁定到所述容纳部;
所述基座通过罩保持到所述球上;
一滑动件可移动地安装,以相对于所述罩相对运动;
所述球能够枢转地安装到所述罩上;
所述滑动件与所述球偏离该球的枢转安装的中心而套准,以使所述球在打开和闭合位置之间转动;
其中,如果在套筒运动的开始时球处于打开位置,选择性地移动所述套筒之一到锁定位置,而保持所述球处于打开位置,或通过在所述罩和滑动件之间的由于套筒运动导致的相对移动而将所述球从闭合位置移动到所述打开位置。
7.根据权利要求6的阀,其中:
将套筒选择性地固定到所述容纳部包括在第一位置最初通过可移动套筒支撑的锁定环件,所述可移动套筒与具有所述基座的套筒连接,所述基座具有空动特征,因此进行空动削弱和平移所述锁定环件以啮合所述容纳部上的单向棘齿。
8.根据权利要求6的阀,其中:
所述滑动件和所述罩中的至少一个由单个块和纵向切口组成,且攻丝孔已经跨过所述切口,使得接合各个攻丝孔的插入的紧固件将切口部间隔开一定的量,以补偿在纵向切割过程中移除的材料。
9.根据权利要求8的阀,其中:
所述切口部通过电火花线切割机加工切开。
10.根据权利要求6的阀,其中:
所述球处于开启位置时,所述套筒与所述球的锁定没有减少所述球的所述孔的尺寸或者所述容纳部的所述通路的尺寸。
11.根据权利要求6的阀,进一步包括:
连接到所述滑动件的活塞,所述活塞还包括在所述容纳部上的接头,用于施加压力以在相对的方向上串行地驱动所述活塞和滑动件。
12.一种井下阀,包括:
容纳部(82,42),其具有贯穿其中的通路(12,14);
球(10),该球(10)具有贯穿其中的孔(116),该球可旋转地安装以绕着其轴线旋转而不平移,以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准;
所述轴线最初与所述球一起转动以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准,当所述孔与所述通路对准时,所述球与所述轴线能够轴向平移而所述球的所述孔与所述通路不脱离对准,以锁定所述球;
位于套筒上的相对的基座,所述基座在偏置力的作用下抵接所述球;
可移动地在其中一个套筒上安装的调节环,用于在组装在所述容纳部中之后调整具有基座的所述套筒中的一个的邻近端到所述容纳部内的肩部的间距,以便施加预定预负载到支撑在所述调节环和所述肩部上的偏置部件上;
所述调节环位于具有基座的套筒上,该套筒不同于具有选择性地固定在所述容纳部上的基座的套筒。
13.一种井下阀,包括:
容纳部(82,42),其具有贯穿其中的通路(12,14);
球(10),该球(10)具有贯穿其中的孔(116),该球可旋转地安装以绕着其轴线旋转而不平移,以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准;
所述轴线最初与所述球一起转动以使所述孔与所述通路对准或不对准,当所述孔与所述通路对准时,所述球与所述轴线能够轴向平移而所述球的所述孔与所述通路不脱离对准,以锁定所述球;
位于套筒上的相对的基座,所述基座在偏置力的作用下抵接所述球;
可移动地在其中一个套筒上安装的调节环,用于在组装在所述容纳部中之后调整具有基座的所述套筒中的一个的邻近端到所述容纳部内的肩部的间距,以便施加预定预负载到支撑在所述调节环和所述肩部上的偏置部件上;
具有开口的所述容纳部的临时部分通向所述调节环,同时在与所述容纳部内的所述肩部相同的位置提供一肩部,以允许所述调节环被定位和锁定到其套筒,并在所述容纳部的所述临时部分被代替和所述偏置部件支承在所述容纳部内的所述肩部和所述调节环上之后,锁定在具有基座的所述套筒上进行预加载的位置。
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2006
- 2006-11-09 US US11/595,596 patent/US7810571B2/en active Active
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2007
- 2007-11-06 GB GB0907404A patent/GB2456260B/en active Active
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- 2007-11-06 RU RU2009121644/03A patent/RU2461699C2/ru active
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RU2461699C2 (ru) | 2012-09-20 |
AU2007319497B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
US8024847B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
WO2008060891A3 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
GB2456260A (en) | 2009-07-15 |
BRPI0718794B1 (pt) | 2018-06-12 |
US20100223791A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
CN103170801A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
GB0907404D0 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
WO2008060891A2 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
NO345176B1 (no) | 2020-10-26 |
RU2480319C1 (ru) | 2013-04-27 |
WO2008060891B1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
NO20091867L (no) | 2009-07-28 |
AU2007319497A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
GB2456260B (en) | 2011-07-27 |
NO345203B1 (no) | 2020-11-02 |
US20080110632A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
NO20190569A1 (no) | 2009-07-28 |
CN101868594A (zh) | 2010-10-20 |
BRPI0718794A2 (pt) | 2013-11-26 |
US7810571B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
RU2009121644A (ru) | 2010-12-20 |
CN103170801B (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
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