CN101859150B - Sun tracking and aligning device and method for Stirling solar electric generating system - Google Patents
Sun tracking and aligning device and method for Stirling solar electric generating system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sun tracking and aligning device and a sun tracking and aligning method for a Stirling solar electric generating system. The device comprises a Stirling generator, a solar condensing plate, a sun position sensor, a light intensity sensor, a wind speed and wind direction sensor, a solar condensing plate position sensor, a processor, a servo motor and a dish rack, wherein the servo motor drives the condensing plate to rotate; and the condensing plate and the Stirling generator are arranged in the dish rack. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, starting the device to detect whether the device is at normal working time or not; secondly, reading a signal from the light intensity sensor and emitting an on/off signal according to the current light intensity; and lastly, according to the current position of the condensing plate and a signal from the sun position sensor, driving the motor to drive the condensing plate to rotate, so that a focusing spot is aligned with the head part of the Stirling generator. Due to the adoption of the device and the method, efficient collection and utilization of solar energy are realized and the performance of a Stirling solar power generating device is greatly improved by converting the solar energy into electric energy through the Stirling generator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solar energy source field, specifically sun power and stirling generator being combined is used for solar electrical energy generation.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, the problem that energy-saving and emission-reduction have become people to be paid close attention to, sun power is as a kind of emerging green energy resource, developed just rapidly and uses.Exploitation to sun power lets the scientists whole heart long for all the time, and the application potential all too of sun power is big after all, and is inexhaustible in the future that we can estimate at least.
The solar energy Stirling generating is the major programme that the whole world utilizes sun power, and it is the novel power device that sun power is converted into electric energy.Principle be condenser from the motion tracking sun with solar light focusing in engine head, the high pressure hydrogen in the heated engine chamber expands and promotes the piston acting, drives generator through toggle and changes into electric energy output.According to its principle, wherein solar tracking is the gordian technique in the solar energy Stirling generation technology.But; Because the sunlight that is radiated ground receives the influence of natural conditions such as weather, latitude, longitude; Exist the problem that intermittence, direction of illumination and intensity constantly change in time, this is to the efficient utilization of sun power, especially to high precision, stably follow the tracks of the sun and have higher requirement.The current high-precision sun aspect sensor that has both at home and abroad based on CCD or CMOS; But price is very high; Be difficult on the commercial market, market and promote on a large scale; Also have some azimuth sensors based on photoelectricity 4 quadrant detector spare or a plurality of photoelectric cell formation, its accuracy of detection can not satisfy the needs such as the high precision alignment sun of Stirling solar generator.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of the solar tracking alignment device and the method thereof that are used for Stirling solar electric generating system of high-precision low cost.Realize that based on the azimuth sensor of PSD (photoelectric position detector) real-time high-precision detects position of sun; Device is according to the current location of actual conditions, position of sun and the solar energy condensation board of weather, adopts photoelectric tracking to follow the tracks of the sun with the mode that calendar inquiry tracking combines, so that install energy-efficient and weather is had robustness.Thereby realize that highly effective gathering utilizes sun power, and be electric energy with conversion of solar energy, and then increase substantially the performance of Stirling solar TRT through stirling generator.
The present invention takes following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of solar tracking alignment device that is used for Stirling solar electric generating system; Comprise the dish stand that is used to follow the tracks of the sun, be installed in the solar panel that is used for optically focused on the dish stand; It is characterized in that: also comprise the stirling generator that is used to generate electricity that is installed on the dish stand, be installed in the angular encoder on the solar panel, field angle and the adjustable sun position sensor based on PSD, light intensity sensor and the wind speed wind direction sensor of precision that is installed on the stirling generator is installed in the vertical rod of independent ground; Each sensor is connected with control system; Control system is connected with the solar panel motor with the dish stand motor, and dish stand, solar panel all are connected with stirling generator.
Processing procedure wherein is according to the current time; Read current light intensity sensor signal, wind speed wind direction sensor signal, sun position sensor signal, solar panel position sensor signal, calculate solar azimuth and elevation angle, calculate control information according to sensor information; Utilize control algolithm control dish stand to rotate; Each sensor is connected with processor, and processor is connected with the control system processor, and control system is connected with the dish stand motor; Dish stand, solar panel all are connected with stirling generator, and the solar panel motor links to each other with control system.
The aforesaid solar tracking alignment device that is used for Stirling solar electric generating system is characterized in that: said sun position sensor based on PSD comprise water-tight sensor base, have the adjustable height structure of sunshine incident aperture and internal thread cone, be installed in the optical glass that blocks dust and rainwater on the unthreaded hole, PSD, fixedly the processor base of the water-tight of internal thread and PSD base, the sensor installation processor of PSD and the signal output interface of water-tight.
Said optical glass is installed on the cone through the lid that has four screws; PSD is installed on the PSD base through internal thread; The PSD base is connected with cone through the cone internal thread; The PSD base is connected with processor base water-tight, and the processor base is connected with signal output interface, sensor base water-tight.
Aforesaid sun position sensor field angle, the calculating of investigative range is:
α＝arctan(r/h) (1)
Wherein, r representes effective photosurface radius of sun position sensor PSD, and h representes the height of cone in the sun position sensor.
The tracking accuracy of aforesaid sun position sensor is calculated:
Wherein, dx representes the minimum resolution of PSD detector.
Increase along with cone height h in the sun position sensor reduces according to the field angle of aforesaid azimuth sensor; Increase along with cone height h in the sun position sensor increases according to the precision of aforesaid azimuth sensor.Therefore, through changing field angle and precision adjustable that cone height h in the sun position sensor can realize azimuth sensor.
The aforesaid electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) reads the current time processor real-time, whether judge the current time,, then carry out opening initialization if in the normal boot-strap time in the working time; If not in the normal boot-strap time, then do not start trace routine;
(2) when at normal boot-strap during the time, start trace routine: judge whether to start automatic trace routine according to current light intensity, if, start automatic trace routine, otherwise do not start automatic trace routine when light intensity during greater than threshold value T;
(3) when light intensity during, start automatic trace routine: at first, calculate sun altitude and position angle according to calendar greater than threshold value T; Then; Read the angular encoder sensor signal on the solar energy condensation board, obtain the solar energy condensation board current position information, if position of sun is not in the sun position sensor investigative range; Then drive the dish stand motor and rotate, make position of sun in the sun position sensor investigative range; At last, according to the sun position sensor signal, adopt the track algorithm drive motor to drive the dish stand high precision tracking sun, thereby make focal beam spot aim at the stirling generator head;
(4) after device powers on; Monitor the angular encoder signal on wind speed wind direction sensor and the solar energy condensation board in real time; The size of assessment wind is to the influence of solar panel; And providing corresponding alerting signal and wind sheltering action, the wind sheltering action makes the solar panel side facing the wind to the influence that reduces wind-force for control dish stand motor; The stop sign of monitoring host computer when from the motion tracking solar time, is gathered the temperature in the generator air cavity in real time, and is sent this information to host computer in real time;
(5) the device tracking sun when the time surpasses normal working hours and light intensity less than threshold value T, is then controlled motor and is stopped.
The aforesaid electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system; It is characterized in that: in said step (4), when gathering the temperature in the generator air cavity in real time, arrange N thermopair in the stirling generator air cavity; N >=1; According to its energy density distribution of focal beam spot is normal distribution (Gaussian distribution), utilizes thermopair to gather the energy of hot spot, when focal beam spot is aimed at the generator head; The signal magnitude of thermopair should match with normal distribution, according to the distribution situation of thermopair adjustment is assisted in tracking.
The aforesaid electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system, it is characterized in that: said thermopair is 12, is cross distribution, and three thermopairs are set in each branch.
The aforesaid electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system; It is characterized in that: the distribution situation according to thermopair is assisted in the adjustment process tracking; Distributing according to aforesaid thermopair, gather the magnitude of voltage of six thermopairs of horizontal direction, is that initial point fits to just too distribution curve with the center; Confirm that the corresponding x axial coordinate of peak is the distance, delta x of facula deviation, according to the size of Δ x horizontal direction is followed the tracks of and assist adjustment; Or the magnitude of voltage of gathering six thermopairs of vertical direction obtains the distance, delta y of vertical direction facula deviation, vertical direction followed the tracks of assist adjustment.
The beneficial effect that the present invention reached:
Solar tracking alignment device and the electricity-generating method thereof that is used for Stirling solar electric generating system of the present invention; Realized that highly effective gathering utilizes sun power; And be electric energy with conversion of solar energy, and then increase substantially the performance of Stirling solar TRT through stirling generator.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system for the present invention hardware connects synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is used for the hardware of the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system and forms synoptic diagram for the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing based on the sun position sensor of PSD;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic based on the sun position sensor of PSD;
Fig. 5 is the mathematical model based on the sun position sensor of PSD;
Fig. 6 is the solar tracking process flow diagram that the present invention is based on the Stirling solar electricity generating plan of PSD;
Fig. 7 is that thermopair distributes and the match synoptic diagram in the generator air cavity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description.
Shown in Fig. 1 and 2; The hardware that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system is formed synoptic diagram; The present invention includes the dish stand 1 that is used to follow the tracks of the sun, be installed in the solar panel that is used for optically focused 2 on the dish stand 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise the stirling generator that is used to generate electricity 3 that is installed on the dish stand 1, be installed in angular encoder 4 on the solar panel, be installed in the adjustable sun position sensor 5 of field angle and precision on the stirling generator 3, be installed in light intensity sensor and wind speed wind direction sensor in the vertical rod of ground based on PSD.Processing procedure wherein is according to the current time; Read current light intensity sensor signal, wind speed wind direction sensor signal, sun position sensor signal, solar panel position sensor signal, calculate solar azimuth and elevation angle, calculate control information according to sensor information; Utilize control algolithm control dish stand to rotate; Each sensor is connected with control system, and control system is connected with dish stand motor 7, and solar panel motor 6 links to each other with control system.。
With reference to Fig. 3, said sun position sensor based on PSD comprise water-tight sensor base 51, have the adjustable height structure of sunshine incident aperture and internal thread cone 52, be installed in the optical glass 54 that blocks dust and rainwater on the unthreaded hole 53, PSD55, fixedly the processor base 58 of the water-tight of internal thread and PSD base 56, the sensor installation processor of PSD and the signal output interface 57 of water-tight.Said optical glass 54 is installed on the cone 52 through the lid that has four screws; PSD55 is installed on the PSD base 56 through internal thread; The PSD base is connected with cone through cone 52 internal threads; PSD base 56 is connected with processor base 58 water-tights, and processor base 58 is connected with signal output interface 57, sensor base 51 water-tights.
Device at first calculates the angular encoder sensor signal on sun altitude, position angle and the solar energy condensation board according to calendar from the motion tracking solar time, judges that position of sun is whether in the sun position sensor investigative range.If position of sun is not in the sun position sensor investigative range, then drive motor rotates, and makes position of sun in the sun position sensor investigative range; Then, according to the sun position sensor signal, adopt the track algorithm drive motor to drive the dish stand high precision tracking sun, thereby make focal beam spot aim at the stirling generator head.With reference to Figure 4 and 5, the tracking accuracy of azimuth sensor and following range, derive as follows:
The investigative range of sun position sensor is:
α＝arctan(r/h)＝arctan(7.5mm/35mm)＝12° (1)
Wherein, r representes effective photosurface radius of sun position sensor PSD, and h representes the height of cone in the sun position sensor.
The tracking accuracy of azimuth sensor is:
Wherein, dx representes the minimum resolution of PSD detector.
When x=0 μ m, obtain maximal value, so the tracking accuracy of azimuth sensor is:
Among the present invention, dx=1 μ m.So the precision of azimuth sensor is:
The hardware that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system is formed synoptic diagram, and at first, processor reads the current time, judges whether start; Then, processor reads current light intensity sensor signal, wind speed wind direction sensor signal, sun position sensor signal, solar panel position sensor signal, calculates solar azimuth and elevation angle; At last, calculate control information, utilize control algolithm control dish stand to rotate, realize high-precision sun tracing, make focal beam spot aim at the stirling generator head according to sensor information.Thereby, realize that highly effective gathering utilizes sun power, and be electric energy with conversion of solar energy through stirling generator.Process flow diagram based on solar tracking in the Stirling solar generating of PSD is seen Fig. 6.
Specifically, may further comprise the steps:
The first step reads the current time processor real-time, if in the normal boot-strap time, then carries out opening initialization, is about to dish stand and forwards the reference position to; If not in the normal boot-strap time, then do not start trace routine;
Second step is when during the time, starting trace routine at normal boot-strap.Judge whether to start automatic trace routine according to current light intensity, even, then start automatic trace routine, otherwise do not start automatic trace routine when light intensity during greater than threshold value T;
In the 3rd step,, start automatic trace routine when light intensity during greater than threshold value T.At first, calculate sun altitude and position angle according to calendar; Then; Read the angular encoder sensor signal on the solar energy condensation board, obtain the solar energy condensation board current position information, if position of sun is not in the sun position sensor investigative range; Then drive motor rotates, and makes position of sun in the sun position sensor investigative range; At last, according to the sun position sensor signal, adopt the track algorithm drive motor to drive the dish stand high precision tracking sun, thereby make focal beam spot aim at the stirling generator head.
The 4th step; After device powers on; Monitor the angular encoder signal on wind speed wind direction sensor and the solar energy condensation board in real time; Assess the influence of the size of wind to solar panel, and provide corresponding alerting signal and wind sheltering action, the wind sheltering action makes the solar panel side facing the wind to the influence that reduces wind-force for control dish stand motor; Monitor the stop sign of host computer in real time.When from the motion tracking solar time, gather the temperature in the generator air cavity in real time, and send this information to host computer.
In the 5th step, when motion tracking, when the time surpasses normal working hours and light intensity less than threshold value T, then control motor and stop.
With reference to Fig. 7; Distribute according to aforesaid thermopair; Gather the magnitude of voltage of six thermopairs of horizontal direction; With the center is that initial point fits to just too distribution curve, confirms that the corresponding x axial coordinate of peak is the distance, delta x of facula deviation, can follow the tracks of horizontal direction according to the size of Δ x and assist adjustment.The magnitude of voltage that in like manner can gather six thermopairs of vertical direction obtains the distance, delta y of vertical direction facula deviation, thereby adjustment is assisted in tracking to vertical direction.
In sum, to the low-cost high-efficiency Stirling solar electric generating system of being badly in need of in the sun power utilization, the present invention provides a kind of solar tracking alignment device and method thereof of being used for Stirling solar electric generating system of high-precision low cost.Experimental result shows: adopt photoelectric tracking to follow the tracks of the sun with the mode that calendar inquiry tracking combines, have energy-efficient and weather is had robustness.Thereby realize that highly effective gathering utilizes sun power, and be electric energy with conversion of solar energy, and then increase substantially the performance of Stirling solar TRT through stirling generator.For low-cost high-efficiency utilizes solar electrical energy generation a kind of new method is provided.
Above-mentioned embodiment does not limit technical scheme of the present invention in any form, and the technical scheme that mode obtained that every employing is equal to replacement or equivalent transformation all drops on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. solar tracking alignment device that is used for Stirling solar electric generating system; Comprise the dish stand (1) that is used to follow the tracks of the sun, be installed in the solar panel that is used for optically focused (2) on the dish stand (1); It is characterized in that: also comprise the stirling generator that is used to generate electricity (3) that is installed on the dish stand (1), be installed in the angular encoder (4) on the solar panel, field angle and the adjustable sun position sensor based on photoelectric position detector (5), light intensity sensor and the wind speed wind direction sensor of precision that is installed on the stirling generator (3) is installed in the vertical rod of independent ground; Each sensor is connected with control system; Control system is connected with dish stand motor (7); Dish stand (1), solar panel (2) all are connected with stirling generator (3); Solar panel motor (6) links to each other with control system, said sun position sensor based on photoelectric position detector comprise water-tight sensor base (51), have the adjustable height structure of sunshine incident aperture and internal thread cone (52), be installed in the optical glass (54) that blocks dust and rainwater on the unthreaded hole (53), photoelectric position detector (55), fixedly the processor base (58) of the water-tight of internal thread and photoelectric position detector base (56), the sensor installation processor of photoelectric position detector and the signal output interface (57) of water-tight.
2. the solar tracking alignment device that is used for Stirling solar electric generating system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said optical glass (54) is installed on the cone (52) through the lid that has four screws; Photoelectric position detector (55) is installed on the photoelectric position detector base (56) through internal thread; The photoelectric position detector base is connected with cone through cone (52) internal thread; Photoelectric position detector base (56) is connected with processor base (58) water-tight, and processor base (58) is connected with signal output interface (57), sensor base (51) water-tight.
3. the electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) reads the current time processor real-time, whether judge the current time,, then carry out opening initialization if in the normal boot-strap time in the working time; If not in the normal boot-strap time, then do not start trace routine;
(2) when at normal boot-strap during the time, start trace routine: judge whether to start automatic trace routine according to current light intensity, if, start automatic trace routine, otherwise do not start automatic trace routine when light intensity during greater than threshold value T;
(3) when light intensity during, start automatic trace routine: at first, calculate sun altitude and position angle according to calendar greater than threshold value T; Then; Read the angular encoder sensor signal on the solar energy condensation board, obtain the solar energy condensation board current position information, if position of sun is not in the sun position sensor investigative range; Then drive the dish stand motor and rotate, make position of sun in the sun position sensor investigative range; At last, according to the sun position sensor signal, adopt the track algorithm drive motor to drive the dish stand high precision tracking sun, thereby make focal beam spot aim at the stirling generator head;
(4) after device powers on; Monitor the angular encoder signal on wind speed wind direction sensor and the solar energy condensation board in real time; The size of assessment wind is to the influence of solar panel; And providing corresponding alerting signal and wind sheltering action, the wind sheltering action makes the solar panel side facing the wind to the influence that reduces wind-force for control dish stand motor; The stop sign of monitoring upper computer control system processor when from the motion tracking solar time, is gathered the temperature in the generator air cavity in real time, and is sent temperature information to the upper computer control system processor in real time;
(5) the device tracking sun when the time surpasses normal working hours and light intensity during less than threshold value T, is then controlled motor and is stopped.
4. the electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: in said step (4), when gathering the temperature in the generator air cavity in real time, arrange N thermopair in the stirling generator air cavity; N >=1; According to its energy density distribution of focal beam spot is normal distribution, utilizes thermopair to gather the energy of hot spot, when focal beam spot is aimed at the generator head; The signal magnitude and the normal distribution of thermopair match, and according to the distribution situation of thermopair adjustment are assisted in tracking.
5. the electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: said thermopair is 12, is cross distribution, and three thermopairs are set in each branch.
6. the electricity-generating method that is used for the solar tracking alignment device of Stirling solar electric generating system according to claim 5; It is characterized in that: the distribution situation according to thermopair is assisted in the adjustment process tracking; Gather the magnitude of voltage of six thermopairs of horizontal direction; With the center is that initial point fits to just too distribution curve, confirms that the corresponding x axial coordinate of peak is the distance, delta x of facula deviation, according to the size of Δ x horizontal direction is followed the tracks of and assists adjustment; Or the magnitude of voltage of gathering six thermopairs of vertical direction obtains the distance, delta y of vertical direction facula deviation, vertical direction followed the tracks of assist adjustment.
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| CN103792949A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2014-05-14 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Diffusion scattering sunlight tracking sensor |
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