CN101850574B - Process for preparing sludge autoclaved aerated concrete building block - Google Patents
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- CN101850574B CN101850574B CN2010101848630A CN201010184863A CN101850574B CN 101850574 B CN101850574 B CN 101850574B CN 2010101848630 A CN2010101848630 A CN 2010101848630A CN 201010184863 A CN201010184863 A CN 201010184863A CN 101850574 B CN101850574 B CN 101850574B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a process for preparing a sludge autoclaved aerated concrete building block. The process mainly comprises the following steps of: (1) quickly stirring and mixing spare dried sludge, water and lime, coal ash, cement, gypsum and aluminum powder with physical and chemical properties meeting the brick making requirements in a certain ratio and in turn; (2) feeding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a die, and putting the die into a thermostatic curing box of 40 DEG C or 60 DEG C to perform foaming and curing for 4 hours; (3) putting the blank foamed and cured in the step (2) into an autoclave, and curing the blank for over 8 hours by adopting a stepwise buck-boost curing mode; and (4) piling the product discharged from the autoclave outdoors for over 2 days. The process can reach hazard-free and recycling treatment of urban sludge, save clay resources and save the brick making cost, and has remarkable economic, social and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environment engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of preparation technology's method of sludge autoclaved aerated concrete building block.
Background technology
China is the maximum developing country in the whole world, and populous, the water environment pollution problem of bringing thus is on the rise, and therefore water prevention and cure of pollution get more and more people's extensive concerning.Expected for the end of the year 2010 according to four of Chinese network of rivers year series report, China has nearly 3000 sewage treatment plants to reach operation state to the major general, then then can the huge mud of production quantity; While sludge components complexity, it is the zoogloea of multiple microorganism formation and the aggregate of its adsorbed organic matter and inorganic matter composition, except that containing a large amount of moisture (can up to more than 99%), the organic matter, heavy metal, a spot of pathogenic microorganisms (malignant bacteria, pathogen, parasite, harmful insect ovum etc.) that also contain difficult degradation, and general oxygen consumption organic matter and plant nutrient (N, P, K) etc.Treatment of Sludge is disposed the follow-up operation as sewage disposal, it is important step indispensable in the sewage disposal process, being subjected to the influence of aspect factors such as fund but China's Treatment of Sludge is disposed relatively lags behind, the sludge stabilizing rate is low, the harmless treatment rate is not high, and it is single to handle disposal technology, and with high costs, cause that most of mud is unprocessed or only just directly agricultural after the simple process, landfill or send soot processing, burning, the utilization of mud soil etc., even the phenomenon of random stacking is arranged.High Treatment of Sludge cost has a strong impact on the normal operation of sewage treatment plant; The landfill of mud or random the stacking take a large amount of land resources, and the perishable fouling of mud, it produces surface water bodies such as the easy contaminated soil of percolate, underground water and river, lake, ocean, cause serious secondary pollution to environment, also can influence the environmental sanitation situation, destroy urban look, cause the acceleration alluvial of water body.In addition, heavy metal in the mud and toxic organic compound can move enrichment by the food chain in the ecosystem, and burn the generation toxic gas, and ecological environment and health are produced long-term potential harm.This shows how reducing the Treatment of Sludge cost and improving the Treatment of Sludge effect is the task of top priority that solution is badly in need of in numerous sewage treatment plants and environmental administration.
China is in the processing of municipal sludge and dispose the general method that adopts and have:
(1) landfill method: landfill method is substantially similar to the municipal refuse landfill;
(2) burning method; Adopt temperature up to more than 1200 degree in the mud of moisture content 75%-80%, kill various germs, carry out landfill or processing more then;
(3) direct oven drying method: the mud of moisture content 75%-80% is adopted the pneumatic conveying drying oven dry, and temperature can be killed various germs up to more than 100 ℃, carries out landfill or comprehensive utilization more then;
(4) anaerobic digestion: the eighties, in the past most activated sludge adopted anaerobic digestion to handle, and the killing microorganisms germ also produces the available biogas of part;
(5) biological treatment: i.e. biological compost method, it is to introduce aerobic bacterial classification and oxygen, makes the sludge aerobic hot fermentation.The compost technology is a new biologic treating technique that develops rapidly from the later stage sixties in the world, it uses multidisciplinary technology, utilize micropopulation to drop in the specific environment heterogeneous organic matter is decomposed, improving sludge is become stable humus, be used for fertilizing the soil or soil improvement.
But these methods make the harmful substance in the municipal sludge not obtain processing in full force and effect, and there are the following problems:
Landfill method: be difficult for seeking suitable place, mud transportation and higher, the landfill finite capacity of landfill place construction cost, the seepage of harmful components can pollute underground water, the health of landfill yard, foul smell problem cause the nutriment that contains in secondary pollution, the mud to make a large amount of pathogen procreations, thereby cause the go mouldy problem of contaminated environment etc. of mud, mud landfill expense costliness in addition shows that according to the data of the sewage treatment plant that has the cost of one ton of mud needs of every landfill reaches 120 yuan.Adopt morely in the past in this method of developed country, but because the landfill place is fewer and feweri, so this method proportion is also more and more littler.Burning method: investment and operating cost are higher, and the implementing plan difficulty produces flying dust, slag, flue gas in the burning process, easily produce secondary pollution.The agricultural method of mud: owing to contain harmful components such as a lot of salinities, heavy metal, pathogen, parasite, organic pollution in the mud, directly use meeting contaminated soil, water body, harm the crops or be detrimental to health, therefore must reach and necessarily require the rear to use through innoxious, stabilisation by food chain.
By above-mentioned analysis as can be known, all there are some defectives in present mud, with country there is gap in the requirement of Treatment of Sludge and disposal, thereby influences the normal operation of sewage treatment plant.And contain a certain amount of SiO in the municipal sludge
2, Al
2O
3, inorganic constituents such as CaO.These inorganic constituents with the system light-weight brick main raw material(s)---the inorganic constituents of flyash is close; Organic matter evaporates the porosity that can improve brick in the mud in the brickmaking process, improves brick body heat worker performance, meets the materials for wall production requirement; In the process of mud making building materials toxic heavy metal is fixed in the construction material, prevents the environmental organism poisoning; Mud also can be saved resources such as flyash, clay as raw building material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, provide a kind of mud of sewage treatment plant's process dehydration back moisture content≤85% that utilizes as one of raw material, by the process of steam pressurized preparation concrete segment.
Method of the present invention is, be mud with sewage treatment plant's moisture content≤85% after dehydration, mummification grind, be added in other raw material, preparation mud light-weight brick specifically comprises the steps:
(1) sludge dehydrating and drying, grind step, mud, quick lime, ferric chloride solution, potassium permanganate are mixed, enter the drying machine mummification, pulverize through ball mill then, the screening machine screening obtains standby dewatered sludge;
(2) mix whipping step, to comprise that the raw material that dewatered sludge, water and physical and chemical performance meet the lime of brickmaking requirement, flyash, cement, gypsum, aluminium powder mixes, its order of adding is: dewatered sludge-water-quick lime-flyash-cement-gypsum-aluminium powder; Mass percent is respectively: 0.0%～8.0% dewatered sludge, 5.0%～10.0% cement, 62.5%～67.5% flyash, 17.5%～23% quick lime, 1.5%～2.5% gypsum; Aluminium powder is 0.1% of an above material dry weight; Ratio of water to material is 0.4～0.55; Dewatered sludge fineness≤0.63mm; Mixing speed is 1400r/min, and mixing time is 3min or 4min;
(3) foaming maintenance step is gone into mould with the mixture of (1) step gained, and molding temperature is controlled at about 40 ℃, and charge is controlled at 2/3rds of mould and highly locates; Mould is put into thermostatic curing case foaming maintenance, and thermostatic curing case curing condition is 40 ℃ of temperature or 60 ℃, humidity about 95%, and curing time is 4 hours;
(4) steam press maintenance step, the base substrate of gained after the foaming maintenance of (2) step is put into still kettle, adopt ladder buck maintenance method, the maximum pressure level is 1.0MPa or 1.1Mpa, temperature is 179 ℃～183 ℃, the step that ladder buck maintenance method is taked is: 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.6MPa respectively keep 1h in the process of boosting, reach to keep 8h after setting pressure, during step-down at the quiet 0.5h that stops of 0.4MPa;
(5) stack step naturally, the product that will go out still is in outdoor stacking more than 2 days.
Preferred version in the above-mentioned process conditions is: the raw material mass percent is respectively described in the step (1): 89.68% mud, 10% quick lime, 0.2% ferric chloride solution, 0.12% potassium permanganate, homogeneous mixture aerobic sigestion 8 hours, 120 ℃～160 ℃ of drying machine mummification temperature, the 0.63mm screening machine; The raw material mass percent is preferably described in the step (2): 5% dewatered sludge, 7.5 cement %, 62.5% flyash, 23% quick lime, 2% gypsum; Ratio of water to material is 0.492; Mixing speed is that 1400r/min, mixing time are 4min; Described in the step (3) mould is put into thermostatic curing case foaming maintenance, thermostatic curing case curing condition is 40 ℃ of temperature, humidity about 95%, and curing time is 4 hours.
In described mummification, steam press maintenance step, the gas of mummification, steam press maintenance step-down process is transported in the processor of granular activated carbon or tripolite solution through pipeline respectively, carry out exhaust-gas treatment.
The present invention meets the requirement of " the urban wastewater treatment firm Treatment of Sludge is disposed and the pollution prevention technique policy " and recycling sludge to the method for disposal of mud; Municipal sludge system air-entrained concrete building block method of the present invention meets the sharp useless policy of joint soil in the national building materials manufacturing.Technology of the present invention is digestibility and utilization mud in a large number, simultaneously, can improve the porosity of brick, improves brick body heat worker performance, meets the materials for wall production requirement, satisfies " brick of autoclaved lightweight " (GB11968-2006) various performances and environmental requirement; The present invention can digest a large amount of mud effectively, thereby solves the trouble and worry of the normal operation of sewage treatment plant.In a word, the present invention can make municipal sludge reach innoxious, disposal of resources; This method is not used clay, is beneficial to the resource of protecting farmland; Can eliminate with mud is the epidemic disease propagation of carrier; Save brick making cost, meet the demand of country, have remarkable economical, society and environmental benefit " Ecological Building Materials ".
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the graph of relation of ratio of water to material and finished product density in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the graph of relation of ratio of water to material and finished product compression strength in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the graph of relation that ratio of water to material and finished product freeze back compression strength in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the graph of relation of ratio of water to material and finished product compression strength/density in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the graph of relation that steams pressure time and finished product compression strength in the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings.
At first the mud of sewage treatment plant's moisture content≤85% and quick lime, ferric chloride solution, potassium permanganate mix, and enter the drying machine mummification, pulverize through ball mill then, and screening machine screening back is standby.Wherein, the raw material mass percent is respectively: 89.68% mud, 10% quick lime, 0.2% ferric chloride solution, 0.12% potassium permanganate, and homogeneous mixture aerobic sigestion 8 hours, drying machine mummification temperature is 120 ℃～160 ℃, after the screening of 0.63mm screening machine, obtain standby dewatered sludge.
According to test recipe, take by weighing a certain amount of above-mentioned dewatered sludge powder, water and physical and chemical performance and meet flyash, quick lime, cement, gypsum, the aluminium powder of brickmaking requirement, mix by associated order, go into mould, maintenance moulding in insulating box then, enter still kettle at last and steam pressure, go out the still stacking and after 2 days it is carried out various Performance Detection.
This experiment adopts mechanical mixture to stir.Take by weighing the various raw materials of corresponding weight according to scheme, in the NJ-160A electric blender is irritated, mix the homemade mould of packing into then according to certain charging sequence.
Find according to experiment, in whipping process, should note the following aspects emphatically: the first, reinforced order; The second, the moisture content of strict control compound in whipping process, the too little stirring of moisture content is inhomogeneous, and moisture content is crossed conference influences foaming effect; The 3rd, the control molding temperature, molding temperature generally is controlled at about 40 ℃; The 4th, charge is controlled at 2/3rds of mould and highly locates.
The mud air-entrained concrete building block needs the foaming maintenance before steam press maintenance, the intensity that improves adobe simultaneously is convenient to cutting and carrying; And the quality direct relation of adobe the quality of finished product.The present invention adopts thermostatic curing case maintenance method, and the thermostatic curing temperature is divided into 40 ℃ and 60 ℃.The present invention studies different curing and the curing time quality influence to adobe emphatically.
Base substrate has certain intensity through after the preliminary maintenance, can cut idiosome according to dimensional requirement, puts into TKL type still kettle steam press maintenance then.
At last, the product that will go out still carries out various detection tests in outdoor stacking after 2 days.
Dewatered sludge, flyash, cement, quick lime, gypsum and 6 factors of aluminium powder all can influence the mechanical property of mud air-entrained concrete building block in the raw material.In order to reduce the influence factor of analysis, determine flyash, gypsum, quick lime and cement as mud light-weight brick influential factors for main mechanical properties in conjunction with relevant data and experiment flow analysis simultaneously, determine that aluminium powder adds according to 0.1% of material dry weight.
The concrete testing program of the embodiment of the invention is:
Select L for use according to the orthogonal test mode
9(3
4) orthogonal table analyzes each material factor, determines the major influence factors of dewatered sludge system light-weight brick performance, optimum level finally finds the optimal proportion scheme.
The orthogonal test factor level table of the present invention's test sees Table 1, and orthogonal test table sees Table 2, and wherein percentage is mass percent.
Table 1 factor level design table
Table 2 orthogonal test table
Because be subjected to the restriction (the particularly restriction of still kettle size) of experimental condition, the size of this experiment test specimen all is adopted as 70.7mm * 70.7mm * 70.7mm.
Adopt NJ-160A type electric blender to stir in the present invention's test, stirring intensity is divided into quick stirring (1400r/min) and stirs (700r/min) at a slow speed, and total mixing time is controlled to be 4min, 3min and 2min (not comprising reinforced incorporation time) respectively.
Adopt thermostatic curing case (curing time 4 hours) maintenance method in the present invention's test, wherein the thermostatic curing temperature is divided into 40 ℃ and 60 ℃.The present invention studies different curing and the curing time quality influence to adobe emphatically.
According to Analysis on Mechanism as can be known, the factor of flyash and other raw material reaction most criticals is reaction temperatures, considers that the intensity at base substrate initial stage is lower, and the maintenance base substrate that directly boosts may cave in.Therefore adopt direct voltage raising and reducing mode and staged buck mode dual mode to carry out steam press maintenance.Directly the voltage raising and reducing mode promptly is that reaction pressure directly is raised to the highest response level, and maintenance is depressured to atmospheric pressure immediately after 8 hours; Staged buck mode: 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.6MPa respectively keep 1h in the process of boosting, and the maximum pressure level keeps 8h, during step-down at the quiet 0.5h that stops of 0.4MPa.
The concrete regulation of the shape and the presentation quality of brick being done in (GB11968-2006) according to national standard " autoclave aerated concrete building block ".Among the present invention, at first listed 6 to No. 14 test product outward appearances and national standard in the table 2 are analyzed, as can be known by experimental observation, all test specimens do not have obvious crack, no truncation arrisdefect phenomenon is not seen plain bending, surface porosity, slabbing phenomenon yet, and greasy dirt is not seen on the surface.Test block dimensional discrepancy and outward appearance all can satisfy the requirement of high-class product.
The mechanical property of autoclave aerated concrete building block is a very important index, is very important properties of construction material.The physical and mechanical property of autoclave aerated concrete building block comprises dry density, compression strength, dry contraction, frost resistance and thermal conductivity factor etc.National standard " autoclave aerated concrete building block " (GB11968-2006) in, dry density, compression strength, dry contraction, frost resistance and the thermal conductivity factor etc. of air-entrained concrete building block have also been made concrete regulation.The mechanical performance index of light energy conservation building block mainly comprises dry density, cubic compressive strength, anti-freezing property, dry constriction coefficient and five indexs of thermal conductivity factor, wherein dry density, cubic compressive strength, anti-freezing property are main mechanics index of physics, therefore the present invention analyzes the influence of raw material proportioning to the physical and mechanical property of air-entrained concrete building block with these three indexs as main performance assessment criteria, thereby determines optimum proportion of materials.And then utilize five indexs that the test specimen of best proportioning making is detected, whether satisfy " autoclave aerated concrete building block " every mechanics index of physics requirement (GB11968-2006) with the check test specimen.
According to experimental program, under the identical situation of aluminium powder, the water yield, curing condition, obtain the experiment test specimen of listed different ratios of raw materials in the table 2, each tested number is chosen 9 of the qualified test specimens of apparent size deviation and is made intensity test, averages as calculated value.Compression strength and dry density the results are shown in Table 3.The mechanical property detection of the test finished product of doing and " brick of autoclaved lightweight " (GB11968-2006) certified products comparative evaluation situation see Table 4.
Because " autoclave aerated concrete building block " be to combine the grade strength of judging building block from dry density and two aspects of compression strength (GB11968-2006), based on this present invention with compression strength and dry density ratio as main basis.
Table 3 dry density and compression strength orthogonal experiments table
Table 4 result of the test and " brick of autoclaved lightweight " be the certified products contrast table (GB11968-2006)
As shown in Table 3, No. 14 tested numbers (not adding dewatered sludge) gained finished product compression strength is the highest, has reached 8.0Mpa; No. 10 tested numbers (dewatered sludge content is 5.5%) gained finished product compression strength reaches 6.2Mpa; No. 8 tested numbers (dewatered sludge content is 12.5%) and No. 9 tested numbers (dewatered sludge content is 8.5%) gained finished product compression strength are lower, have only 1.8Mpa and 3.4Mpa, do not reach the requirement of 5.0Mpa, are failed test piece therefore.
Equally, according to experimental program, under the identical situation of aluminium powder, the water yield, curing condition, obtain the experiment test specimen of listed different ratios of raw materials in the table 2, each tested number is chosen 9 of the qualified test specimens of apparent size deviation and is done the anti-freezing property test, averages as calculated value.Freeze back compression strength and the results are shown in Table 5.The mechanical property detection of the test finished product of doing and " brick of autoclaved lightweight " (GB11968-2006) certified products comparative evaluation situation also see Table 4.
Table 5 anti-freezing property orthogonal experiments table
Draw by table 3 and table 5 as can be known, and by resistance to compression and anti-freezing property test result analysis: the physical and mechanical property of the high more test specimen of dewatered sludge content is poor more.Wherein the mechanical property of No. 14 test specimens is best, but the not interpolation mud that should fill a prescription.The dewatered sludge content of No. 6 test specimens is 3.5%, and its compression strength is 6.8Mpa, and the dewatered sludge content of No. 10 test specimens is 5.5%, and its compression strength is 6.2Mpa.The compression strength of No. 6 test specimens of No. 10 test specimen compressive strength rates is hanged down 0.6Mpa, but the dewatered sludge utilization is high by 2.0%, and therefore No. 10 test specimens are the optimum test scheme.Content with dewatered sludge on No. 10 bases reduces by 0.5%, increases lime intermingled quantity, the prescription that is optimized, i.e. listed quality proportioning in the table 6.The mechanical property detection of the test finished product of doing and " brick of autoclaved lightweight " (GB11968-2006) certified products comparative evaluation situation also see Table 4, and wherein, No. 15 tested numbers are best proportioning gained test specimen.
The best proportioning of table 6
According to the optimum formula that table 6 obtains, promptly under the identical situation of raw materials such as dewatered sludge, cement, quick lime, flyash, aluminium powder and gypsum, analyze the mechanical property of the resultant goods of the different water yields.The relevant index of made test specimen all satisfies " brick of autoclaved lightweight " (GB11968-2006) density and requirement of strength of certified products, extrudate density is seen Fig. 1 with the Changing Pattern of ratio of water to material, test specimen compression strength is seen Fig. 2 with the Changing Pattern of ratio of water to material, and test specimen freezes back compression strength sees Fig. 3 with the Changing Pattern of ratio of water to material.
From Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 as can be known, along with the increase of ratio of water to material, the dry density of test specimen, compression strength and freeze the back compression strength all reduce gradually.As can be seen from Figure 4, ratio of water to material is between 0.4～0.55 the time, along with the compression strength and the dry density ratio of the increase test specimen of ratio of water to material reduces earlier afterwards to increase, according to the Trendline prediction when ratio of water to material be 0.492, compression strength and dry density ratio reach minimum of a value, can be used as the selection foundation of best ratio of water to material.
The test of the dewatered sludge granular size (fineness) of the present invention by two kinds of levels is to the influence of building block mechanical property.Divide two levels with the dewatered sludge particle, the I level is, dewatered sludge fineness≤0.63mm, and the II level is dewatered sludge fineness≤1.26mm; Mud after pulverizing is sieved respectively by 0.63mm, 1.26mm round-hole mesh respectively.On the basis of best proportioning, guarantee under the identical situation of factors such as ratio of water to material, curing condition, steam press maintenance condition that made two batches of test specimens and be analyzed, result of the test sees Table 7.
The mud of table 7 variable grain size is to the influence of building block mechanical property
By table 7 contrast as can be known, under the condition of best proportioning, the dewatered sludge granular size is less to the influence of the dry density of doing test specimen, and the mud granule size is to the influence of mud mechanical property big (the dewatered sludge particle compression strength and the anti-freezing property of small specimen more is good more).Observing the test specimen resistance to compression plane of disruption in addition finds: the dewatered sludge particle is not see obvious mud granule on the test specimen plane of disruption of I level, and the shape comparison rule of the plane of disruption; The dewatered sludge particle is a visible tiny dewatered sludge particle on the test specimen plane of disruption of II level, and the plane of disruption mainly is to ftracture from the junction of dewatered sludge particle and other material.Analyzing its reason may be: oarse-grained dewatered sludge is wrapped up by slip in mixture, the total contact area of cement in mud and the slip is less, the secondary hydration reaction of hydrated cementitious product and flyash is obstructed, the dewatered sludge particle contacts inhomogeneous with on every side flyash and lime in addition, test specimen cause the product and the dewatered sludge particle surface adhesion of flyash and lime reaction less, so will destroy under lower pressure; And the less dewatered sludge of particle diameter can be distributed in the slurry uniformly, and be basically with in the Powdered dispersion slip, bigger with total contact area of lime, flyash and cement mortar, abundant aquation of cement energy and lime and flyash react completely, so test specimen can bear bigger pressure.
The present invention has contrasted the influence of two kinds of charging sequences to the test specimen physical and mechanical property.Order one: dewatered sludge-flyash-water-cement-gypsum-quick lime-aluminium powder; Order two: dewatered sludge-water-quick lime-flyash-cement-gypsum-aluminium powder.With order one base substrate of making, early strength is lower, blank structure basically can not moulding, and it is softer promptly to enable molding blank, and adhesion appears in cutting, and big crackle appears, even cave in, mainly be that the organic matter in the dewatered sludge has suppressed aquation, the setting rate of cement because dewatered sludge directly contacts with cement, thereby cause the test specimen early strength lower, in steaming the pressure process, the phenomenon of caving in occurs simultaneously.And in the test of order two, quick lime mixes earlier with dewatered sludge, and quick lime and water reaction produce basicity, destroy the structure of dewatered sludge, emit a large amount of heats simultaneously, can improve aquation, the setting rate of cement, thereby improve the early strength of test specimen, form stable base substrate.
Stirring intensity directly influences the uniformity that each raw material mixes, and finally influences the light-weight brick Products Quality.When quick lime and cement are adding when stirring in the slip, can influence the abundant mixing of raw material because of a large amount of suction conglomerations, therefore necessary increasing stirring intensity.The present invention obtains on the basis of optimum formula in front, with the stirring technique testing program of determining, different stirring intensities and mixing time are tested the test specimen Effect on Performance, thereby obtain best stirring technique, in experiment, stir fast and adopt 1400r/min, stir at a slow speed and adopt 700r/min.Stirring intensity and mixing time the results are shown in Table 8 to the influence of test specimen quality.
The contrast of the different stirring intensity goods of table 8
Find out from table 8 contrast: the test specimen compression strength of the hybrid mode making of stirring fast will be higher than the hybrid mode that stirs at a slow speed, main cause is that raw materials such as dewatered sludge, lime, flyash, cement stir inhomogeneous when mixing at a slow speed, conglomeration easily, flyash and lime reaction are incomplete behind the specimen molding, and the reaction of the secondary hydration between the hydrated product of flyash and cement is also insufficient, therefore be easy to from the conglomeration cracking, thereby cause the compression strength of test specimen lower; The hybrid mode that stirs has effectively been improved the admixture of dewatered sludge and other materials fast, and dewatered sludge and other materials mix.
Also can find out from table 8 in addition: mixing time is also influential to the physical and mechanical property of test specimen, when mixing speed is that 1400r/min, mixing time are that the test specimen compressive strength rate mixing speed of 4min is that 1400r/min, mixing time are that the test specimen compression strength of 3min wants high.
The quality direct relation of semi-finished product (the not test specimen before the steam press maintenance) the quality of finished product, and curing condition is the main factor that influences semi-manufactured goods quality.The present invention obtains on the basis of optimum formula in front, utilizes the foaming maintaining process testing program of determining, base substrate is tested under room temperature and thermostatic curing case two breeding guard strip spares, thereby obtained best foaming maintaining process.The The apparent phenomenon comparing result sees Table 9, and the physical and mechanical property comparing result sees Table 10.
The semi-manufactured goods quality comparative analysis of the different maintenance methods of table 9
The test specimen intensity contrast table of the different maintenance methods of table 10
From table 9 and table 10 as can be known, when the foaming curing condition be 20 ℃, when humidity is 80%, the test specimen foaming is not obvious, cubical expansivity is little, No. 30 test specimen compression strength big (reaching 12.5Mpa), but the density of test specimen is also bigger, can not satisfy " brick of autoclaved lightweight " (GB11968-2006) density requirements of certified products; When the foaming curing condition be 40 ℃, when humidity is 95%, the foaming of No. 31 test specimens obviously, cubical expansivity is bigger, intensity is also higher; When the foaming curing condition be 60 ℃, when humidity is 95%, the foaming of No. 32 test specimens obviously, cubical expansivity is big, density is smaller, but intensity is on the low side.This shows that the physical and mechanical property that the 2nd kind of maintenance mode obtain test specimen is best, so the optimum curing temperature of test specimen is 40 ℃, humidity is about 95%.
Temperature, pressure are the preconditions that slip fully reacts.The present invention obtains on the basis of optimum formula in front, utilizes the steaming pressuring curing process testing program of determining, base substrate is tested under differential responses temperature, reaction time and buck mode, thereby obtained best steam press maintenance condition.Result of the test sees Table 11.
The different end product quality comparative analyses of steaming the pressure temperature of table 11
As known from Table 11, all do not obtain qualified test specimen at 0.9MPa, 1.0MPa, the direct voltage raising and reducing mode of 1.1MPa steam press maintenance test specimen, this explanation voltage raising and reducing has a direct impact the performance of test specimen.The step that ladder buck maintenance method is taked is: 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.6MPa respectively keep 1h in the process of boosting, and reach to keep 8h after setting pressure; At the quiet 0.5h that stops of 0.4MPa, can obtain physical and mechanical property test specimen preferably during step-down.
Find that by analysis and test steaming pressure time and compression strength also have direct relation, its relation is seen Fig. 5.
As can be seen from Figure 5, along with the prolongation of steaming the pressure time, goods compression strength increases, steaming the pressure time during less than 7h, compression strength changes more remarkable with the increase of steaming the pressure time, steaming the pressure time under 7～9h situation, it is slower that compression strength prolongation in time increases, the curve substantial horizontal.Main cause is that the steaming pressure time, the reaction of lime and flyash was incomplete more in short-term, only produce hydrated product on the base substrate top layer, and base substrate inside does not have enough time also to react, so product strength was lower.On the contrary, after the time prolonged, goods had the sufficient time to react, and base substrate is whole to form closely knit hydrated product, thereby the intensity of goods is higher.
In described mummification, steam press maintenance step, the gas of mummification, steam press maintenance step-down process is transported in the processor of granular activated carbon or tripolite solution through pipeline respectively, rationally handle tail gas, guarantee emission compliance.
Therefore, the present invention obtains the claimed technical scheme of the present invention by above embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. preparation technology's method of a sludge autoclaved aerated concrete building block, be that sewage treatment plant's discharging is remained the thickened sludge of moisture content≤85% after dehydration, mummification grind, be added in other raw material, preparation mud light-weight brick is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) sludge dehydrating and drying, grind step, with mass percent is respectively that 89.68% mud, 10% quick lime, 0.2% ferric chloride solution, 0.12% potassium permanganate mix, enter the drying machine mummification, pulverize through ball mill then, the screening machine screening obtains standby dewatered sludge;
(2) mix whipping step, to comprise that the raw material that dewatered sludge, water and physical and chemical performance meet the lime of brickmaking requirement, flyash, cement, gypsum, aluminium powder mixes, its order of adding is: dewatered sludge-water-quick lime-flyash-cement-gypsum-aluminium powder; Mass percent is respectively: 0.0%～8.0% dewatered sludge, 5.0%～10.0% cement, 62.5%～67.5% flyash, 17.5%～23% quick lime, 1.5%～2.5% gypsum; Aluminium powder is 0.1% of an above material dry weight; Ratio of water to material is 0.4～0.55; Dewatered sludge fineness≤0.63mm; Mixing speed is 1400r/min, and mixing time is 3min or 4min;
(3) foaming maintenance step is gone into mould with the mixture of (2) step gained, and molding temperature is controlled at about 40 ℃, and charge is controlled at 2/3rds of mould and highly locates; Mould is put into thermostatic curing case foaming maintenance, and thermostatic curing case curing condition is 40 ℃ of temperature or 60 ℃, humidity about 95%, and curing time is 4 hours;
(4) steam press maintenance step, the base substrate of gained after the foaming maintenance of (3) step is put into still kettle, adopt ladder buck maintenance method, the maximum pressure level is 1.0MPa or 1.1Mpa, temperature is 179 ℃～183 ℃, the step that ladder buck maintenance method is taked is: 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.6MPa respectively keep 1h in the process of boosting, reach to keep 8h after setting pressure, during step-down at the quiet 0.5h that stops of 0.4MPa;
(5) stack step naturally, the product that will go out still is in outdoor stacking more than 2 days.
2. preparation technology's method of sludge autoclaved aerated concrete building block according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: raw material described in the step (1) is homogeneous mixture aerobic sigestion 8 hours, 120 ℃～160 ℃ of drying machine mummification temperature, 0.63mm screening machine; The raw material mass percent is preferably described in the step (2): 5% dewatered sludge, 7.5 cement %, 62.5% flyash, 23% quick lime, 2% gypsum; Ratio of water to material is 0.492; Mixing speed is that 1400r/min, mixing time are 4min.
3. preparation technology's method of sludge autoclaved aerated concrete building block according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described in the step (3) mould put into thermostatic curing case foaming maintenance, thermostatic curing case curing condition is 40 ℃ of temperature, humidity about 95%, and curing time is 4 hours.
4. preparation technology's method of sludge autoclaved aerated concrete building block according to claim 3; it is characterized in that: in described mummification, steam press maintenance step; gas in mummification, the steam press maintenance step-down process is transported in the processor of granular activated carbon or tripolite solution through pipeline respectively, carries out exhaust-gas treatment.
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