CN101851086B - Method for producing sludge self-insulation brick - Google Patents
Method for producing sludge self-insulation brick Download PDFInfo
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- CN101851086B CN101851086B CN2010101331450A CN201010133145A CN101851086B CN 101851086 B CN101851086 B CN 101851086B CN 2010101331450 A CN2010101331450 A CN 2010101331450A CN 201010133145 A CN201010133145 A CN 201010133145A CN 101851086 B CN101851086 B CN 101851086B
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011470 perforated brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a sludge self-insulating brick. The sludge self-insulation brick is prepared from urban wet sludge, fly ash of a power plant, stone powder of a stone factory and underground shale serving as raw materials. The method comprises the following process flows of: crushing of the raw materials, burdening, stirring and mixing, ageing, intense stirring, half stiff-plastic vacuum extrusion molding, slitting, blanking, blank separation, flat piling on a kiln car, manpower drying in a tunnel, roasting in a tunnel kiln and manpower discharging and inspection. The method for producing energy-saving novel sintered wall materials comprising porous bricks and standard bricks by using the sludge and the shale is technically feasible, does not produce secondary pollution, has great economic benefit and social benefit, has low investment, low pollution and good benefit compared with the treatment methods such as incineration and the like for treating the sludge, and is an effective path for comprehensive utilization of the sludge after the urban water treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of working method of sewage sludge brickmaking.
Background technology
Sewage sludge after the water treatment big samll cities and towns that spread all over the country, its performance also has than big-difference.Shale ore mountain plateau material distributes also very extensive in China, be one of valuable source of China's brick-making raw material.Can mud mix with shale produces sintered perforated brick and standard brick, is very significant research topic.Utilize mud brickmaking, the harm to environment of the percolating fluid stacking mud needed soil and landfill and produce has been practiced thrift in not only decontamination; Protected urban environment; And the thermal value of organism itself in the mud capable of using, reach that brickmaking is energy-conservation, the purpose of water saving, refuse is utilized once more.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of working method of sludge self-insulation brick.Utilize mud and shale to produce energy saving sinter walling materials perforated brick and standard brick; Art recognized not only; But also do not produce secondary pollution; Having good economic benefit and social benefit, than being handled the mud less investment by treating method such as burnings, polluting for a short time, profitable, is that municipal water is handled the effective way that back mud fully utilizes.
The working method of sewage sludge system self-insulating brick of the present invention is that feedstock production forms with the wet mud in city, fly ash in electric power plant, building stones factory stone flour and underground shale, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) the wet mud with flyash and water cut 75wt%～85wt% stirs into mixture by 1: 1 volume ratio, burns till required calorific value of article and water requirement to satisfy.
2) said mixture being added stone flour by 1: 2 volume ratio carries out mix and adds a small amount of (non-quantitative) natural moisture content regulating its plasticity index less than 8% shale.Because stone flour almost do not have plasticity, need not to add water, the mixture that obtains in this ratio moisture between 15wt%---18wt% meets the base requirement.Stone flour is that main aggregate mixes, and with the dry shrinkage after the extrusion molding of solution mud mixture, the control base substrate produces dry crack influences quality product.The stone flour particle diameter is not more than 2mm, lime blowing do not occur to guarantee the calcic stone flour.To enlarge its stone flour range of application.
3) with 2) mixture that obtains stirs ageing after 72 hours through brute force; Stir once more with mud and refine; Extrude, cut base, quietly dry after stopping 12 hours through two-stage vacuum,, adopt the full humidity way of heating in advance of closing progressively to fall the end oven dry humidity during oven dry for preventing to dry the crack; Progressively improve simultaneously bake out temperature again, to solve a mud mixture shrinkage strain difficult problem.Bake out temperature is controlled at the 60-130 degree, and drying time is 24-28 hour.
4) with 3) get into behind the body drying that obtains and burn till roasting, because the organism burning-point is low in the mud, for preventing it in the section burning that heats up, kiln is its premature combustion of gate control in the section design one that heats up, to reach effective utilization of sludge calorific value.Sintering adopts the long burning method of low temperature, and the heavy metal overwhelming majority in the firing temperature 950-1050 mud is fixed.
5) adopt slow cool-down method to 4) in the article that burn till lower the temperature, with prevent its sharply cooling cause the crack to be out of shape.
6) product detects.The intensity that records this product meets the MU15 requirement, and light weight is about 70% of a common shale brick, and being incubated its heat transfer coefficient is 1.34W/m
3About, reach the insulation requirement, and flat appearance, attractive in appearance.
With respect to prior art, the working method of sewage sludge brickmaking of the present invention has following improvement at process aspect:
The one, the novel wall material perforated brick that utilizes mud to produce, because semihard is moulded the extrusion moulding water ratio and must not be higher than 18%, therefore, the water cut of mud should be controlled at 75wt-85wt%, the shale natural moisture content could satisfy the moulding requirement less than 8%.Therefore, need sewage work to provide water cut to be lower than 85% mud, perhaps take nature or mechanical dehydration to become primary sport technique segment on the brick field production technique, large-scale storage space or dewatering machine become the problem of primary solution.
The 2nd, the mud of high-moisture percentage with pulverize after the shale uniform mixing very high to the requirement of equipment, mix inhomogeneously, directly influence the drying and roasting quality; Product appearance and intensity are difficult to guarantee; For this reason, the present invention has carried out further invest in the transformation of real estate to existing installation, makes it satisfy the requirement of technology.
The 3rd, the burning-point of industrial silt is very low, in 350-400 ℃ of brickmaking environment.In actual production process; The calorific value of mud scatters and disappears in the temperature rise period major part; Just can not enough net heats be provided in the roasting stage, so not only can cause environmental pollution, also can cause the waste of raw material or cause product defective because of lacking heat for firing product.For this reason; The present invention passes through feasibility study and experiment repeatedly; Further invest in the transformation of real estate has been carried out in global design to kiln, and the useful length of increase equipment input and kiln has solved this technical barrier; Promptly at kiln its premature combustion of gate control in the design one of intensification section, to reach effective utilization of sludge calorific value.
Fig. 2 is a thetagram of firing shale brick of the present invention; Wherein dotted portion is temperature variation curve before transforming); 7-12 transforms the position for kiln between the parking stall again, can fully reduce temperature rise period mud like this because of reaching the heat losing issue that the burning-point burning causes.
The 4th, mud is fired the environmental protection feasibility of shale brick.Dioxins, be commonly called as two dislike because of.Belong to chloro thrcylic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the mixtinite of forming by more than 200 kinds of isomer, homologue etc.Malicious about 100 times than Potssium Cyanide of its toxicity are than about 900 times of arsenic poison.For toxicity is the strongest, the highly stable one-level carcinogenic substance that decomposes of being difficult to again.It also has genotoxicity, immunotoxicity and internal secretion toxicity.In the burning process to mud, incineration temperature is lower than 800 ℃, and the chloride rubbish incomplete combustion of plastics and so on very easily generates Dioxins.The present invention is to after the kiln transformation, and mud did not burn in early stage temperature rise period, and the later stage heats up rapidly and reaches maturing temperature (1000 ℃), and the heat that so neither can run off can not make the mud incomplete combustion again and produces Dioxins.Has good environmental protection feasibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 fires the thetagram of shale brick for the present invention, and wherein dotted portion is the temperature variation curve before transforming, and 7-12 transforms the position for kiln between the parking stall again.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
One, the physicals of mud and shale, chemical composition analysis
1. physicals
1. mud physicals
Mud is chosen in this city chemical fibre sewage work, the color black in color, and natural moisture content is about 80wt%, its loose dry capacity is 0.69g/cm
3, thermal value is 12247.4kJ/kg.
2. shale physicals
Shale selects in the different positions in shale range of distribution, this city town.Loose dry capacity is 1.29g/cm
3, between the Polodyakonov coefficient 3～4.
3. analyze
See from the mud physicals, drop to the 80wt% water ratio about 15wt%～18wt%, when being used for brickmaking and not only dewatering energy consumption bigger, investment is big, and production cost and economic benefit are also poor.The present invention is in the same place mud and more dried shale blending, has reduced dehydrating amount, makes mud be used for brickmaking and becomes possibility.The per kilogram heating is taken temperature behind the sludge dewatering, and according to the water cut of producing after actual and the mud simple dehydration, it is shale 87% that proportioning raw materials is adopted in test, and mud is 13% after drying, and producing every 10,000 bricks, can to consume water cut be about 80% sewage sludge 13t.From thermal value, it is 3138kJ that every brick is brought heat into, and can reach fully needs 80% of heat.
According to the proportioning of shale/mud=87/13, the raw material brickmaking physicals after the broken combination treatment is seen table 1.
Table 1
| Title | Pu Shi moulding moisture % | Plasticity index | Critical moisture content % | The oven dry sensitivity coefficient | Drying shrinkage % |
| Shale mud appearance | 24.8 | 7.8 | 13.4 | 0.85 | 4.80 |
| Shale appearance | 16.8 | 6.8 | 11.9 | 0.43 | 1.72 |
Can be found out that by table 1 raw material Pu Shi moulding moisture had brought up to 24.8% by 16.8% after shale added mud, plasticity index has improved 14.7%, reaches 7.8, has satisfied the basic demand of moulding.After also should seeing adding mud, though plasticity index has increased, improved processability, coefficient of drying sensitivity has increased nearly 1 times, and dry shrinkage has also brought up to 4.8% from 1.72%.
2. chemical ingredients
1. the chemical ingredients of mud
Can find out from following table 2: SiO
2Content is 18.11%, and the suitable content of baking bricks should be 45%～65%.SO
3Content is higher, has reached 6.43%, will note proportioning during blending brick material, in order to avoid the excess sulfates product causes the serious scum of product.
Table 2
2. shale chemical ingredients
Can find out SiO in the chemical ingredients of shale from table 2
2Content is higher, more than 60%, the intensity of product and degree of burning till is had a direct impact SiO
2The too high levels vitrified brick can cause folding strength lower, the product embrittlement.
3. the chemical ingredients of recombined sample
On the basis of carrying out the shale chemical composition analysis, still respectively account for 13% and 87% and process compound sample and carry out chemical analysis according to mud and shale, the result of survey sees table 2 compound sample hurdle.The compound sample main chemical compositions meets the brickmaking requirement, behind the adding mud, and SiO
2Content has dropped to 53.38% from original more than 60%, concerning mud, and SO behind the adding shale
3Content has then dropped to 0.91% by 6.43%.Analysis-by-synthesis sees, after the two mixes, its separately the chemical ingredients deviation realized complementation, compound chemical property and physicals are improved.
Two, specimen test and half type approval test
1. specimen test
1. moulding process of the test
Earlier the mud after shale and the oven dry is pulverized (pulverize and use beater grinder) respectively, press shale 87% 13% batching that oven dry is expected with mud again, mix water humidifying 24h, after twin rollers in small, broken bits is sent into the vacuum-extruder moulding after handling.Little vacuum-extruder is used in the moulding test, and forcing machine mud cylinder diameter is 150mm, extrusion pressure 0.6～0.8Mpa, and vacuum tightness-0.08Mpa, the moulding water ratio is 17.97%, shaping test piece is of a size of 50 * 25mm, hole ratio 35%.See that from the mud bar of extruding surperficial corner angle are full smooth, wet base intensity is better, and moulding is smooth, and mud bar and base substrate do not have crackle, defective such as concavo-convex.
2. the drying and roasting of sample
Dry: the mud bar of extruding is cut into behind the lab scale piece earlier at indoor seasoning 24h, and then puts into 105 ± 5 ℃ of drying bakers and dry, and drying time is 8h.Sample is taken out observation from drying baker, sample is intact, crackle also do not occur, and dry body strength is better, and dry shrinkage is 3.5%.
Roasting: heat-up rate per hour is controlled at about 100 ℃, and firing period is 10h, soaking time 2h, and the sample after the roasting takes on a red color, and burns till and is punctured into 2.78%, and water-intake rate 16.3%, firing temperature are 1000 ℃.From High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, take out sample and be cooled to normal temperature, and then take two samples to knock, clear, the corner does not have and obviously falls the slag phenomenon.
2. pilot-plant test
Half type approval test carries out on whole production line; In order to reduce production costs, according to the local resource situation, the data that provide by experiment; Suitably adjustment proportioning (an amount of flyash of admixture) prolongs roasting time; Proportioning raw materials is adjusted into: mud 10%～15%, flyash 10%～20%, shale 65%～80%.
1. major equipment technical feature
Powerful biaxial rneader is the SJ300-42 type, and output is per hour greater than 30m
3, stir input and output material end center line distance from 2.77m; Disintegrating apparatus is CPF900 * 900 beater grinders, output 30m
3More than/the h; Molding device is a JZK50/45-38 type two-stage vacuum forcing machine, 12000～15000/h of throughput (amounting to standard brick), and vacuum tightness is less than-0.092Mpa, allowable pressure 3.8Mpa, suitable semihard plasticity extrusion moulding, single mud bar is extruded; Vacuum pump is a SK-12 water-circulation type pump, vacuum tightness≤0.092Mpa.Consider the practical situation that the mud thermal value is high, adopted flat sign indicating number technology (KP1) for eliminating bar face embossing drying and roasting.
2. main technical details
A. the perforated brick of product specification size: 240mm * 115mm * 90mm, hole ratio about 27%
Moulding moisture: 15%～18%
Moulding extrusion pressure: 1.9～2.2Mpa
Vacuum tightness is extruded in moulding :-0.085～-0.09Mpa
Time of drying: 24～28h
Firing cycle: 40～45h
Firing temperature: 950 ℃～1050 ℃
B. the standard brick of product specification size: 240mm * 115mm * 53mm
Moulding moisture: 15%～18%
Moulding extrusion pressure: 1.9～2.2Mpa
Vacuum tightness is extruded in moulding :-0.085～-0.09Mpa
Time of drying: 24～28h
Firing cycle: 44～50h
Firing temperature: 950 ℃～1050 ℃
3. technical process
Referring to Fig. 1, that is: raw material pulverizing → prepare burden → mix → ageing → brute force stirring → semihard is moulded vacuum extruding form → slitting → cut base → minute base → flat setting car → tunnel artificial seasoning → tunnel roasting → manual discharging check.
The perforated brick product that burns till; Test according to standard GB 13544-2000 " sintered perforated brick "; Hole ratio is 29%, and strength grade is MU15, and apparent size deviation, water-intake rate, anti-freezing property, lime blowing, scum etc. meet the premium grads index request.The standard brick product that burns till, according to GB/T5101-1998 " fired common brick ", National standard, technical parameter and operational path that half type approval test is adopted are feasible.
Should be noted that at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement the technical scheme of invention; And not breaking away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the working method of a sludge self-insulation brick is characterized in that, is that feedstock production forms with the wet mud in city, fly ash in electric power plant, building stones factory stone flour and underground shale, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) be that the wet mud of 75wt%-85wt% stirs into mixture by 1: 1 volume ratio with flyash and water cut;
2) said mixture being added stone flour by 1: 2 volume ratio carries out mix and adds natural moisture content regulating its plasticity index less than 8% shale;
3) with step 2) mixture that obtains after brute force stirs ageing, stir once more and the mud refining, after base, quiet stopping are extruded, cut to two-stage vacuum, dry;
4) get into behind the body drying that step 3) is obtained and burn till roasting;
5) adopt slow falling temperature method that the article that burn till in the step 4) are lowered the temperature;
6) product detects.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) water cut of the mixture that obtains is 15wt%～18wt%.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said stone flour particle diameter≤2mm.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts during said oven dry fullly to close humidity heating method in advance, promptly progressively falls end oven dry humidity, progressively improves bake out temperature again simultaneously, and bake out temperature is 60-130 ℃, and drying time is 24-28 hour.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the long burning method of low temperature is adopted in said roasting, and firing temperature is 950-1050 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101331450A CN101851086B (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Method for producing sludge self-insulation brick |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101331450A CN101851086B (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Method for producing sludge self-insulation brick |
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| CN101851086A CN101851086A (en) | 2010-10-06 |
| CN101851086B true CN101851086B (en) | 2012-02-01 |
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| RU2506325C2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-02-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" | Method for producing extrusion-type briquette (breks) for metal melting |
| RU2502812C2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2013-12-27 | Айтбер Махачевич Бижанов | Metal extrusion-type briquette (breks) |
| RU2506327C2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-02-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" | Extrusion-type slurry briquette (breks) |
| RU2506326C2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-02-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" | Extrusion-type briquette (breks) - component of blast-furnace charge |
| RU2504588C2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-01-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" | Extrusion-type briquette (breks)-component of charge for melting of metal in electric furnaces |
| CN103193504A (en) * | 2013-03-10 | 2013-07-10 | 海拉建材科技大丰有限公司 | Processing technology of water treatment sludge self-insulation brick |
| CN103613403A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-05 | 杭州金享佳环保科技有限公司 | Process for making bricks by sludge |
| CN108582453A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-28 | 浙江省建筑材料科学研究所有限公司 | A kind of silt slurry brick-making method and its brick equipment |
| CN110423059A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-08 | 郑州恒博环境科技股份有限公司 | A kind of thermal insulation material containing desulfurization sludge and its preparation |
| CN110357542B (en) * | 2019-08-31 | 2021-12-07 | 郑州恒博环境科技股份有限公司 | Flame-retardant wall brick containing desulfurization wastewater sludge and preparation method thereof |
| CN110357543B (en) * | 2019-08-31 | 2021-12-07 | 郑州恒博环境科技股份有限公司 | Lightweight flame-retardant wall brick containing desulfurization wastewater sludge and preparation method thereof |
| CN114516749A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-20 | 江苏唐基建材科技集团有限公司 | Process method for preparing building blocks from solid residue soil of urban engineering |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1884186A (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2006-12-27 | 林国功 | Process for producing building brick by using sludge |
| CN101081732A (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-05 | 林建国 | Stone powder sludge sintering brick and method for making the same |
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| JP2001146444A (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-29 | Nippon Mesaraito Kogyo Kk | Method for producing artificial lightweight aggregate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101081732A (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-05 | 林建国 | Stone powder sludge sintering brick and method for making the same |
| CN1884186A (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2006-12-27 | 林国功 | Process for producing building brick by using sludge |
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| JP特开2001-146444A 2001.05.29 |
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| CN101851086A (en) | 2010-10-06 |
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