CN101844320A - Precise high-efficiency polishing method and device for curved surface parts - Google Patents
Precise high-efficiency polishing method and device for curved surface parts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a precise high-efficiency polishing method and a precise high-efficiency polishing device for curved surface parts. The method comprises the following steps of: making numerous porous microspheres adsorbed with abrasive grains suspended in polishing solution; arranging a workpiece to be polished on a workpiece clamping device, immersing the workpiece to be polished in the polishing solution in a polishing tank, and rotating the workpiece clamping device to drive the workpiece to be polished to move under the action of a driving force; and starting an ultrasonic generator positioned at the bottom of the polishing solution and polishing the workpiece to be polished under the combined action of an ultrasonic exciting acting force and a viscous force of the polishing solution. The precise high-efficiency polishing device for the curved surface parts is characterized in that: the polishing solution is accommodated in the polishing tank; the porous microspheres are adsorbed with the abrasive grains; the upper part of the polishing tank is provided with the rotatable clamping device for clamping the workpiece to be polished; and the bottom of the polishing tank is provided with the ultrasonic generator. The processing accuracy and processing efficiency are high by adopting the method and the device; and the method and the device have the advantages of simple structure of processing equipment and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the accurate ultra process technology, relate to a kind of precise high-efficiency polishing method and device of curved surface part, efficient, the Ultraprecise polished method and the device of various curved surfaces such as particularly various complicated abnormal curved surfaces, aspheric curve.
Technical background
In recent years, along with the fast development of science and technology and the raising day by day of living standard, though China develops in fields such as Aero-Space, shipping industry, auto industry, mould and biomedicines rapidly and makes much progress, the machining accuracy of product, crudy, working (machining) efficiency and processing cost etc. have seriously restricted China's science and technology industrial expansion.Wherein particularly evident for the fine finishining of curved surface, efficient, the ultraprecise processing of various curved surfaces such as particularly various complicated abnormal curved surfaces, aspheric curve.
In manufacturing industry such as Aero-Space, shipping industry, auto parts, mould and bio-medical implant,, need polish processing and surface Hardening Treatment to various curved surface parts in order to eliminate cutter trade, burr and line cutting processing metamorphic layer etc.
In aviation, good polishing can improve the performance of the surface quality of aero-engine part, the fatigue strength that improves part, increase aircraft fuel system and improve pressure, the increase air-flow that aircraft produced of hydraulic system, prolongs the life-span of part etc.In shipping industry, screw is the propeller of boats and ships, and blade is a kind of typically complex-curved, because the height of blade surface quality has directly influenced service behaviours such as screw resistance to corrosion, service life, noise.Good polishing can realize reducing the blade surface roughness, reduce blade surface machined defective and residual stress, guarantees that the propeller blade surface quality arrives design and practical requirement.In auto industry, many auto parts are complex-curved, and fine hole and wheel hub as cylinder, engine cylinder, fuel or gas flow through can improve surface quality and precision by attrition process.In die industry, improve burr and affected layer that Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining stays, thereby improve die surface quality and precision.Particularly the transmission pipeline in medicine and the food service industry if there is tiny flaw in various holes surface, can cause residue and breed bacteria contaminated food products and medicine etc.All need quite high surface quality and precision as artificial hip joint and kneed implant in the bio-medical implant.
Along with the demand of market to the said goods increases sharply and the day by day raising of market to mould and product surface required precision, blade of aviation engine, the requirement of products such as propeller for vessels leaf, automotive hub, mould, bio-medical implant trends towards lower cost, higher surface quality and working (machining) efficiency, so the application of precision processing technology is more important.Therefore, process the important problem that high-quality various curved surface parts have become the ultraprecise manufacture field how efficiently, cheaply.
Polishing processing method is to the surface quality and the working (machining) efficiency important influence of various curved surfaces.Traditional complex-curved finishing method has emery wheel polishing, electrochemical polish, the auxiliary polishing of ultrasonic wave, magnetic abrasive grain grinding/polishing, magnetorheological polishing, air bag polishing, liquid jet polishing etc.The auxiliary polishing of ultrasonic wave can only be done moulding polishing processing with the shape of ultrasonic wave cutter, and the magnetic force polishing must cooperate the abrasive particle of magnetic conductivity just can polish; The emery wheel polishing can only and need be repaired simple shape curved surface polishing processing; The chemical solution of electrochemical polish is influential to environment.Air bag polishing can not satisfy the polishing processing request of complicated abnormal shape curved surface.Magnetic abrasive grain grinding/polishing is because the preparation process complexity of magnetic abrasive grain, with high costs, and still needs complicated forming moving for comparatively complicated curved surface, therefore makes the application of this method be subjected to certain limitation.Magnetorheological processing method is mainly used in precision, the ultraprecise processing of plane or curved surface optical glass device at present.The cost of magnetic flow liquid is higher, and its performance can descend with the increase of process time.
In sum, that existing curved surface polishing Technology Need relies on is complicated, accurate machine tool guarantees building motion, process complexity, equipment cost height, and be difficult to satisfy the efficient high-accuracy processing request of various Machining of Curved Surface.Therefore, for the efficient high-accuracy processing of the especially complicated abnormal curved surface of various curved surfaces, press for and a kind ofly can realize higher processing precision and working (machining) efficiency, possess low cost, high conforming novel curved surface polishing method and burnishing device again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the complicated cost height of process equipment that prior art exists, working (machining) efficiency is low, the processing uniformity is poor, be difficult to satisfy deficiency that the high-accuracy highly-efficient processing of the especially complicated abnormal curved surface of various curved surfaces requires etc., propose a kind ofly can realize higher processing precision, processing uniformity and working (machining) efficiency, possess the novel curved surface polishing device and method that process equipment is simple in structure, cost is low again.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of precise high-efficiency polishing method of curved surface part is characterized in that, makes to be suspended with the porous microsphere that is adsorbed with abrasive particle in the polishing fluid, and porous microsphere is the polishing tool of the carrier of abrasive particle as polished curve surface of workpiece;
Polished workpiece is installed on the work holder, and polished workpiece is immersed in the polishing fluid of polishing trough, under the effect of driving force, the work holder rotation drives polished workpiece and moves;
Unlatching is positioned at the supersonic generator of polishing fluid bottom, and under the acting in conjunction of ultrasonic exciting active force and polishing fluid viscous force, the abrasive particle of porous microsphere absorption is treated the polishing workpiece surfacing and removed, thereby realizes treating the polishing of polishing workpiece.
Described porous microsphere adopts cellular polyurethane ball, porous artificial sponge's ball, porous plastics foam ball, and the diameter range of porous microsphere is 0.1-10mm.
Polishing fluid is made up of abrasive particle and polishing fluid base fluid; Include the abrasive particle that accounts for polishing fluid weight 5-30% in the polishing fluid, the abrasive particle particle size range is: 0.1-50 μ m polishing fluid base fluid is one or more mixed liquors in water, glycerine, kerosene, the emulsion.
The clamping device range of speeds is 10-200r/min, and the ultrasonic power scope is 40～5000W.
Fill polishing fluid in polishing trough, be suspended with porous microsphere in the polishing fluid, porous microsphere is adsorbed with abrasive particle, and the top of polishing trough is provided with the rotatable clamping device that is used for the polished workpiece of clamping, and the polishing trough bottom is provided with supersonic generator.
A kind of precise high-efficiency burnishing device of curved surface part, it is characterized in that, in polishing trough, fill polishing fluid, be suspended with porous microsphere in the polishing fluid, porous microsphere is adsorbed with abrasive particle, the top of polishing trough is provided with the rotatable clamping device that is used for the polished workpiece of clamping, and the polishing trough bottom is provided with supersonic generator.
Described porous microsphere adopts cellular polyurethane ball, porous artificial sponge's ball, porous plastics foam ball, and described abrasive particle is one or more mixing abrasive particles in aluminium oxide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, carborundum and the silica.
Technical conceive of the present invention: polished workpiece is installed on the work holder, polished workpiece is immersed in the polishing fluid of polishing trough, under the effect of driving force, work holder drives polished workpiece and does the polishing motion.Open supersonic generator simultaneously, make it produce the ultrasonic wave of certain power.The numerous porous microspheres that suspend in polishing fluid because its surface distributed has a lot of apertures, can adsorb the abrasive particle in the polishing fluid in a large number.Therefore, porous microsphere just becomes the carrier of abrasive particle, as " rubbing head " or " cutter " of polished curve surface of workpiece.Porous microsphere is treated polishing workpiece surface and is implemented certain pressure under hyperacoustic incentive action, makes the abrasive particle on porous microsphere surface can treat the polishing workpiece surfacing and cuts.Simultaneously, because polishing fluid has big viscosity, porous microsphere can be along with polished workpiece be synchronized with the movement, but under the effect of viscous force, forms certain relative velocity along polished surface of the work curve.Therefore, under the acting in conjunction of ultrasonic exciting active force and polishing fluid viscous force, the abrasive particle of porous microsphere absorption is treated the polishing workpiece surfacing and is removed, thereby realizes treating the polishing of polishing workpiece.
Porous microsphere has abrasive particle good adsorption ability, characteristics such as better elastic and oil resistivity.
Beneficial effect:
The precise high-efficiency polishing method of a kind of curved surface part of the present invention and device, can realize various curved surfaces high-accuracy, efficiently, processing request cheaply, compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) because in this polishing processing, polished workpiece all is immersed in the polishing fluid, porous microsphere is to flow at the polished surface of the work molded lines in the effect lower edge of polishing fluid viscous force, process and its course of work are similar, can make processing effect meet its need of work more, therefore this finishing method can be realized the polishing of various complicated surfaces and need not complicated high precision machine tool and guarantee building motion, does not have the problems such as rigidity, precision, vibration or vibration of traditional precision equipment.
2) porous microsphere as the abrasive particle carrier is numerous, can treat polishing workpiece surface all sites simultaneously and polish, and can obtain very high whole polishing efficiency.
Amount of force when 3) polishing can be controlled by ultrasonic wave, and the quality of finish of polished product can be accomplished uniformity fully.
4) precise high-efficiency polishing method of curved surface part of the present invention, its polishing process are a kind of process of flexibility, between abrasive particle and the surface of the work and non-rigid the contact, can not cause surface damages such as residual stress at polished product surface.
5) magnetic abrasive grain is in free state in the processing, and attitude constantly changes constantly changes cutting edge, has therefore possessed from sharp function.
6) tonnage can be determined by ultrasonic intensity, the power output of supersonic generator and the motion mode of work holder are chosen according to the requirements such as material behavior, style characteristic, surface characteristics, crudy, working (machining) efficiency and machining accuracy of polished product, therefore, whole process can realize comprehensive automation.
7) this polissoir manufacturing is comparatively simple, and supersonic generator is ripe commercial product; Porous microsphere is easy to obtain, and cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the efficient polishing of mean camber machine parts'precise of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the mechanism figure of the efficient polishing of mean camber machine parts'precise of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The technical scheme of the present invention and the course of work are further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the precise high-efficiency polishing method of special-shaped complicated die is realized in the polissoir of described finishing method, mainly by polishing trough 2, supersonic generator 1, work holder 5 be distributed in cellular polyurethane ball 4 numerous in the polishing fluid etc. and constitute.Described supersonic generator 1 is installed on polishing trough 2 bottoms.Polishing fluid 3 in the described polishing trough 2 contain higher concentration abrasive material 7 (～20%wt) and numerous cellular polyurethane balls 4, described work holder 5 is positioned at the top of polishing trough 2, can realize different motion modes under the effect of driving force.
Polished special-shaped complicated die 6 is installed on the work holder 5, special-shaped complicated die 6 is immersed in the polishing fluid 3 of polishing trough 2, under the effect of driving force, work holder 5 drives special-shaped complicated die 6 and makes low-speed rotation (10-30rpm), open supersonic generator 1 simultaneously, make it produce the ultrasonic wave of certain power.The numerous cellular polyurethane balls 4 that suspend in polishing fluid 3 because its surface distributed has a lot of apertures, can adsorb the abrasive particle 7 in the polishing fluid in a large number.Therefore, cellular polyurethane ball 4 just becomes the carrier of abrasive particle 7, as " rubbing head " or " cutter " of special-shaped complicated die 6.Cellular polyurethane ball 4 is implemented certain pressure to special-shaped complicated die 6 surfaces under hyperacoustic incentive action, the abrasive particle 7 on cellular polyurethane ball 4 surfaces can be cut special-shaped complicated die 6 surfacings.Simultaneously, because polishing fluid 3 has big viscosity, cellular polyurethane ball 4 can not rotate synchronously with special-shaped complicated die 6, but under the effect of viscous force Fv, forms certain relative velocity V ' along special-shaped complicated die 6 surface curve.Therefore, under the acting in conjunction of ultrasonic exciting directed force F S and polishing fluid viscous force Fv, 7 pairs of special-shaped complicated die 6 surfacings of numerous abrasive particles of cellular polyurethane ball 4 absorption are removed, thereby realize the polishing to special-shaped complicated die 6.
Following table 1 has been listed special-shaped complicated die precise high-efficiency polishing condition:
The special-shaped complicated die precise high-efficiency of table 1 polishing condition
The special-shaped complicated die that polishes out after testing, surface roughness Ra is 2～5nm, this shows, this novel curved surface polishing method can satisfy the high-accuracy highly-efficient processing requirement of complicated abnormal curved surface.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the precise high-efficiency polishing method of automotive hub is realized in the polissoir of described finishing method, mainly by polishing trough 2, supersonic generator 1, work holder 5 be distributed in cellular polyurethane ball 4 numerous in the polishing fluid etc. and constitute.Described supersonic generator 1 is installed on polishing trough 2 bottoms.Polishing fluid 3 in the described polishing trough 2 contain higher concentration abrasive material 7 (～20%wt) and numerous cellular polyurethane balls 4, have big viscosity.Described work holder 5 is positioned at the top of polishing trough 2, can realize different motion modes under the effect of driving force.
Polished automotive hub is installed on the work holder 5, wheel hub is immersed in the polishing fluid 3 of polishing trough 2, under the effect of driving force, work holder 5 drives wheel hub and makes low-speed rotation, open supersonic generator 1 simultaneously, make it produce the ultrasonic wave of certain power.The numerous cellular polyurethane balls 4 that suspend in polishing fluid 3 because its surface distributed has a lot of apertures, can adsorb the abrasive particle 7 in the polishing fluid in a large number.Therefore, cellular polyurethane ball 4 just becomes the carrier of abrasive particle 7, as " rubbing head " or " cutter " of wheel hub.Cellular polyurethane ball 4 is implemented certain pressure to hub surface under hyperacoustic incentive action, the abrasive particle 7 on cellular polyurethane ball 4 surfaces can be cut the hub surface material.Simultaneously, because polishing fluid 3 has big viscosity, cellular polyurethane ball 4 can not rotate synchronously with wheel hub, but under the effect of viscous force Fv, forms certain relative velocity V ' along the hub surface curve.Therefore, under the acting in conjunction of ultrasonic exciting directed force F S and polishing fluid viscous force Fv, 7 pairs of hub surface materials of numerous abrasive particles of cellular polyurethane ball 4 absorption are removed, thereby realize the polishing to wheel hub.
Following table 1 has been listed automotive hub precise high-efficiency polishing condition:
Table 1 automotive hub precise high-efficiency polishing condition
The automotive hub that polishes out after testing, surface roughness Ra is 8～15nm, this shows, this novel curved surface polishing method can satisfy the high-accuracy highly-efficient processing requirement of complicated abnormal curved surface.
Claims (6)
1. the precise high-efficiency polishing method of a curved surface part is characterized in that, makes to be suspended with the porous microsphere that is adsorbed with abrasive particle in the polishing fluid, and porous microsphere is the polishing tool of the carrier of abrasive particle as polished curve surface of workpiece;
Polished workpiece is installed on the work holder, and polished workpiece is immersed in the polishing fluid of polishing trough, under the effect of driving force, the work holder rotation drives polished workpiece and moves;
Unlatching is positioned at the supersonic generator of polishing fluid bottom, and under the acting in conjunction of ultrasonic exciting active force and polishing fluid viscous force, the abrasive particle of porous microsphere absorption is treated the polishing workpiece surfacing and removed, thereby realizes treating the polishing of polishing workpiece.
2. the precise high-efficiency polishing method of curved surface part according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described porous microsphere adopts cellular polyurethane ball, porous artificial sponge's ball, porous plastics foam ball, and the diameter range of porous microsphere is 0.1-10mm.
3. the precise high-efficiency polishing method of curved surface part according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, polishing fluid is made up of abrasive particle and polishing fluid base fluid; Include the abrasive particle that accounts for polishing fluid weight 5-30% in the polishing fluid, the abrasive particle particle size range is: 0.1-50 μ m polishing fluid base fluid is one or more mixed liquors in water, glycerine, kerosene, the emulsion.
4. the precise high-efficiency polishing method of curved surface part according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the clamping device range of speeds is 10-200r/min, and the ultrasonic power scope is 40～5000W.
5. the precise high-efficiency burnishing device of a curved surface part, it is characterized in that, in polishing trough, fill polishing fluid, be suspended with porous microsphere in the polishing fluid, porous microsphere is adsorbed with abrasive particle, the top of polishing trough is provided with the rotatable clamping device that is used for the polished workpiece of clamping, and the polishing trough bottom is provided with supersonic generator.
6. the precise high-efficiency burnishing device of curved surface part according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described porous microsphere adopts cellular polyurethane ball, porous artificial sponge's ball, porous plastics foam ball, and described abrasive particle is one or more mixing abrasive particles in aluminium oxide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, carborundum and the silica.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103350396A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-10-16 | 湖南路捷道夫涡轮增压系统有限公司 | Part surface finishing process |
| CN104191320A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultrasonic control shear thickening and polishing method and device |
| CN104191340A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precision machining device based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolysis composition effect |
| CN104212359A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-17 | 常熟市董浜镇徐市鸿磊五金机械厂 | Hardware polishing process |
| CN104308670A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-01-28 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precision processing method based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolyzing combined effect |
| CN105108590A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-02 | 廖张洁 | Polishing method of UV-cured 3D printing product |
| CN105773318A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-07-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Immersed type ultrasonic surface treatment method for polymer 3D printed product |
| CN106670899A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Gasbag type electrochemical mechanical polishing head, polishing device and polishing method |
| CN109571269A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-05 | 福建福晶科技股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method removing sub-surface damage layer |
| US11292102B2 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive buffing articles |
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| CN103350396A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-10-16 | 湖南路捷道夫涡轮增压系统有限公司 | Part surface finishing process |
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| CN104212359A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-17 | 常熟市董浜镇徐市鸿磊五金机械厂 | Hardware polishing process |
| CN104191340A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precision machining device based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolysis composition effect |
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| CN104191340B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precision machining device based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolysis composition effect |
| CN105108590A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-02 | 廖张洁 | Polishing method of UV-cured 3D printing product |
| CN105773318A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-07-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Immersed type ultrasonic surface treatment method for polymer 3D printed product |
| CN106670899A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Gasbag type electrochemical mechanical polishing head, polishing device and polishing method |
| US11292102B2 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive buffing articles |
| CN109571269A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-05 | 福建福晶科技股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method removing sub-surface damage layer |
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