CN101842232B - 抗微生物气体发生系统 - Google Patents

抗微生物气体发生系统 Download PDF

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CN101842232B
CN101842232B CN200780101400.XA CN200780101400A CN101842232B CN 101842232 B CN101842232 B CN 101842232B CN 200780101400 A CN200780101400 A CN 200780101400A CN 101842232 B CN101842232 B CN 101842232B
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P·翁
H·A·德维特
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Abstract

本发明揭示了一种气体发生和释放制品,该制品主要由一种聚合物和一种分散在该聚合物中的气体发生固体组成。该制品响应水分产生受控的气体快速释放和随后的气体缓慢释放。

Description

抗微生物气体发生系统
该申请是2007年10月17提交的美国专利申请第11/873,575号的继续,其全部内容通过参考结合于此。
发明领域
本发明涉及通过单层共挤出工艺而非层压工艺形成的二氧化硫气体发生聚合物或塑料制品。该共挤出多层制品可用于膜、片、衬垫、覆盖物、垫子、泡沫材料和包,从而防止、阻碍、控制、延迟或杀死食品、农作物和植物性药材中的微生物污染。
背景
聚合物和塑料常用于农产品包装,作为阻挡层抵抗水分、氧气、二氧化碳、乙烯和臭气,从而保持产品所需的性质,例如新鲜度、味道、香味、色泽和气味。在阻挡层之内产生独立的动态环境,该环境随储存时间和储存条件(例如温度)变化。水分含量高的产品,例如瓜、葡萄、浆果、肉类、海鲜和乳制品,释放出收集的水分,这些水分随时间累积。而问题是,经过包装的产品总是会被残余的接种的微生物或生物负载的浓缩物污染。所截留的高水分氛围和易于获得的营养成分产生利于微生物快速生长和产品腐坏的环境。
在食品、农作物和植物性药材的包装、运输和储存过程中,已经使用气体发生装置和组合物来保护这些产品以免受到霉、真菌、病毒和细菌的微生物污染而发生腐坏。随着食品业和农业的日益全球化,更多的产品需要运输比过去更远的距离。结果导致运输和储存的时间增加,从而要求更有效的防腐作用。
已经发现二氧化硫特别适合抵抗霉和真菌,已经广泛用于控制经过包装的葡萄、浆果、水蛭和其它新鲜农产品中引起的灰霉腐烂(灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cineria sp)),并且二氧化硫已经被证实具有抗氧化效力,能够防止水果、蔬菜和花朵中存在的绿色组织变成褐色。
发明内容
本发明涉及从多层共挤出膜的气体发生和气体释放。本发明可提供一种二氧化硫发生器,在农作物和新鲜农产品运输的过程中,该发生器在数周内保持包装容器、包或衬垫内可接受的二氧化硫浓度水平,或者如果农作物和新鲜农产品需要储存到下一季销售,则该发生器可以保持该二氧化硫浓度水平数月。
本发明是一种多层共挤出工艺,而非层压工艺,该工艺提供一种二氧化硫发生器,它包括两个或更多个形成透气材料的膜(厚度≤15密耳)或片(厚度≥15密耳)的结构层,活性物质结合在一个结构层中或夹在多个结构层之间。共挤出的活性物质包括分散在其中的材料,该材料在水分存在下会释放出二氧化硫气体。
本发明涉及从多层共挤出制品的气体发生和气体释放,所述共挤出制品主要由40-99.9重量%的聚合物和0.1-70重量%的分散在聚合物基质中的气体发生固体组成。
本发明涉及一种多层共挤出制品,该制品主要由多层聚合物膜或片组成。通过吹塑或铸塑薄膜共挤出(图1所示吹塑&铸塑薄膜共挤出)方法将三层膜结构结合在一起。
本发明涉及一种多层共挤出膜,该制品的内层是烯烃,例如低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),其密度在0.89-0.93的范围内。LDPE允许水蒸气进入活性层中,从而产生二氧化硫气体。LDPE还具有透气性,允许二氧化硫气体转移到包装的农作物和农产品中。二氧化硫气体可以防止、阻碍、控制、延迟或杀死食品、农作物和植物性药材中的微生物污染。
本发明的膜或片的中间层由一种聚合混合物组成,该混合物包含水分活化的产生二氧化硫气体的前体盐。该盐由分散在聚合物如LDPE中的粒度在1微米到16微米以下的颗粒组成。这些小粒度的盐在水分存在下,会以较快的释放速率产生二氧化硫气体,其释放速率可以达到150ppm/小时并保持0.1-4天,用于快速杀死灰葡萄孢、霉、细菌和孢子。这些盐包括:亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠,它们分散在聚合物如LDPE中。另外,可加入着色剂或染料,以进行美学、光泽方面的选择,或者获得光泽减轻效果。
本发明膜或片的第三层由一种聚合混合物组成,该混合物包含水分活化的产生二氧化硫气体的前体盐。该盐由分散在聚合物如LDPE中的粒度在16微米到80微米的颗粒组成。这些大粒度的盐在水分存在下,会以明显慢得多且持续的释放速率产生二氧化硫气体,其释放速率约为0.1-8ppm/小时并保持较长的时间,最长为75天或更多,以抑制灰葡萄孢、霉、细菌和孢子的生长。这些盐包括:亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠,它们分散在聚合物如LDPE中。另外,可加入着色剂或染料,以进行美学、光泽方面的选择,或者获得光泽减轻效果。参见图1和图2。
附图简要说明
图1说明吹塑或铸塑薄膜挤出工艺。
图2显示三层膜。
图3显示这两种类型的薄膜的SO2释放速率。
优选结构层组合物的说明
依据本发明,已经制得水分活化的气体释放制品,该制品包含一种聚合物和一种能产生和释放气体的水分活化的固体组分。该制品为包装的农产品提供抗微生物保护,并能够在水分存在下持续地产生和释放气体。该气体通常控制微生物的生长,从而为农产品提供保护,使其在包装、运输和储存过程中抵抗微生物。
在第一结构层中,本发明的聚合物制品包含一种聚合物,例如低密度聚乙烯,其密度在0.89-0.93的范围内。可以向LDPE中加入少量加工助剂。低密度聚乙烯膜结构可以透水和透过二氧化硫气体。所产生的气体能有效透过进入农产品中,以控制微生物的生长。
在第二结构层中,本发明的聚合物制品包含一种聚合物,例如低密度聚乙烯,其密度在0.89-0.93的范围内;以及在接触水分后能产生气体的分散的固体组分。在此结构层中,主要由40-99.9重量%的聚合物和0.1-70重量%的气体发生固体组成,所述气体发生固体的粒度范围为1微米至15微米,并分散在聚合物基质中。这些盐是:例如,亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠。另外,可加入着色剂或染料,以进行美学、光泽方面的选择,或者获得光泽减轻效果。
在第三结构层中,本发明的聚合物制品包含一种聚合物,例如低密度聚乙烯,其密度在0.89-0.93的范围内。该结构层包括40-99.9重量%的聚合物和0.1-70重量%的气体发生固体,所述气体发生固体的粒度范围为16微米至80微米,并分散在聚合物基质中。聚合物基质中较大的颗粒将以比小颗粒慢得多的速率释放二氧化硫气体,例如释放75天或更多,从而在运输过程中连续控制微生物和霉的生长。(储存条件:-1℃至+10℃,RH 80%至99%)
焦亚硫酸钠母料制备
向聚合物挤出机中直接加入低密度聚乙烯(LPDE)和焦亚硫酸钠,其中LDPE∶与Na2MB的重量比为60∶40至40∶60,制得母料。用排气式双螺杆挤出机配混,挤出并切割该母料,切成小球。挤出条件保持在175℃以下且110℃以上。0.1-3%的加工助剂如酰胺可用作内部和外部润滑剂。
三层共挤出膜工艺
三层膜或片的制备如下:使用单螺杆挤出机,通过加入密度为0.89-0.93的LDPE制备含0重量%的焦亚硫酸钠的第一共挤出内层,该挤出机的所有区段和模具都保持在175℃以下且110℃以上。该共挤出的膜或片使用吹塑或铸塑薄膜生产中常用的工艺和设备来制备(图2)。
通过吹塑薄膜生产设备来制备第二共挤出的中间层,该层包含15-18重量%的粒度为0.1-15微米的焦亚硫酸钠母料。
使用吹塑薄膜生产设备,通过加入含5-40重量%的焦亚硫酸钠的母料来制备第三共挤出膜。该母料是粒度为16-80微米的焦亚硫酸钠混入60-95%LDPE中形成的掺混物。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于二氧化硫气体发生和气体释放的多层共挤出膜,其包含40.0-99.9重量%的低密度聚乙烯聚合物和0.1-70重量%的产生和释放二氧化硫气体的盐,其形式为:连接的低密度聚乙烯的内膜层,所述内膜层不包含气体发生固体;连接的中间层,所述中间层包含小颗粒粒度大于等于1微米并小于16微米的气体发生固体;以及连接的外层,所述外层包含大颗粒粒度为16微米到80微米的气体发生固体;其中所述多层共挤出膜能有效产生二氧化硫气体的快速释放和随后的缓慢释放。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层共挤出膜,其特征在于,所述产生和释放二氧化硫气体的盐选自下组:亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸氢钾、亚硫酸氢锂、亚硫酸氢钙、焦亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钾、焦亚硫酸锂、焦亚硫酸钙、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钾和它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的多层共挤出膜,其特征在于,所述聚合物由熔化温度在100℃至150℃以下的范围内的树脂形成。
4.如权利要求1所述的多层共挤出膜,其特征在于,所述中间层的小颗粒提供二氧化硫气体的快速释放,最快达150ppm/小时并保持0.1-4天。
5.如权利要求4所述的多层共挤出膜,其特征在于,所述外层的大颗粒提供二氧化硫气体在0.1-75天或更长的时间内以0.1-8ppm/小时的速率缓慢释放。
6.如权利要求5所述的多层共挤出膜,其特征在于,所述中间层包含0.1-70重量%的焦亚硫酸钠。
7.如权利要求6所述的多层共挤出膜,其特征在于,所述外层包含0.1-70重量%的焦亚硫酸钠。
8.如权利要求7所述的多层共挤出膜,其特征在于,所述中间层包含15-18重量%的粒度为0.1-15微米的焦亚硫酸钠母料。
9.一种在包装中产生二氧化硫气体的快速释放和缓慢释放的方法,该方法包括将农产品包装在能释放气体的多层共挤出膜中,其中所述膜包括连接的低密度聚乙烯内层,所述内层不包含气体发生固体;低密度聚乙烯中间层,其包含分散在其中的产生和释放二氧化硫气体的盐,该盐的小颗粒粒度大于等于1微米并小于16微米;和低密度聚乙烯外层,其包含分散在其中的产生和释放二氧化硫气体的盐,该盐的大颗粒粒度为16-80微米;其中所述多层共挤出膜能有效产生二氧化硫气体的快速释放和随后的缓慢释放。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述产生和释放二氧化硫气体的盐选自下组:亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸氢钾、亚硫酸氢锂、亚硫酸氢钙、焦亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钾、焦亚硫酸锂、焦亚硫酸钙、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钾和它们的混合物。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中间层的小颗粒提供二氧化硫气体的快速释放,最快达150ppm/小时并保持0.1-4天。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述外层的大颗粒提供二氧化硫气体在长达75天或更长的时间内以0.1-8ppm/小时的速率缓慢释放。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多层共挤出膜具有包含15-18重量%粒度为0.1-15微米的焦亚硫酸钠母料的中间层。
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