CN101839881A - Online calibration capacitance tomography system and online calibration method for gas-solid two-phase flow - Google Patents
Online calibration capacitance tomography system and online calibration method for gas-solid two-phase flow Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gas-solid two-phase flow online calibration capacitance tomography system and an online calibration method, which comprises an array type capacitance sensor, a data acquisition instrument, an imaging computer and an online sampling device, and is characterized in that the capacitance sampling sensor is additionally arranged at the downstream of the array type capacitance sensor and used for sampling a measured medium, and the dielectric constant of the measured medium is obtained by measuring a capacitance signal of the capacitance sampling sensor. And establishing a capacitance tomography sensor model, equating the capacitance measured by the electrode to be the series connection of the in-tube capacitance and the pipeline capacitance, obtaining the in-tube capacitance and the pipeline capacitance by pre-calibrating the capacitance model, and establishing the relation between the full-tube capacitance and the dielectric constant of the solid-phase medium. The current measured medium is sampled in the flowing process of the gas-solid two-phase flow, the dielectric constant of the solid-phase medium is extracted, and the full-pipe capacitance value of the current measured solid-phase medium is calculated by combining a capacitance tomography sensor model, so that the online rapid calibration is realized, and the advantages are as follows: quick, simple and convenient.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography system and online calibration method, is applicable to that the flow process of Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid is visual, belongs to the technical field that polyphasic flow detects.
Background technology
Capacitance chromatography imaging utilizes two-phase medium to have different specific inductive capacity, obtains the tube section interelectrode capacity that powers on by capacitive array sensor, rebuilds the cross section specific inductive capacity and distributes and obtain the dielectric distribution image.Have that with low cost, response speed is fast, Noninvasive, applied widely, advantage such as security is good, be widely used in gas/liquid stream or oil/current that petroleum pipe line is carried, Gu in the visualizing monitor of gas/stream that strength is carried, the interior material of fluidized bed distributes and combustion flame etc., be the most ripe, the most promising a kind of chromatography imaging method.Capacitance tomography system is made up of capacitive array sensor, data acquisition and tomography computer three parts.Sensor is a capacitance signal with diphasic flow dielectric distribution information translation, and data acquisition system (DAS) is gathered capacitance signal and sent in the tomography computer, and the specific inductive capacity that adopts corresponding image reconstruction algorithm to rebuild medium distributes, thereby rebuilds the cross-sectional image of two-phase flow.
Usually can make the measurement data nondimensionalization as normalized to capacitance data in the image reconstruction, be convenient to mathematics manipulation, also can reduce influence of measurement error to a certain extent.For n electrode capacitance chromatographic imaging system, sensor electrode is formed the right quantity N=n (n-1)/2 of electric capacity, and imaging region is divided into M pixel, and the output capacitance that change in dielectric constant causes in each grid cell changes and forms N capacitance data.Input of image reconstruction (normalization electric capacity) and output (normalization specific inductive capacity or title gradation of image) can
To represent with following formula:
g＝T(λ)
In the formula
λ-normalization electric capacity vector, N * 1 dimension;
The T-image reconstruction algorithm;
G-normalization specific inductive capacity or gradation of image, M * 1 dimension.
In the capacitance data normalized, need use the blank pipe electric capacity and the full packages electric capacity of sensor.The process of obtaining blank pipe and full packages electric capacity is called the calibration process of capacitance chromatography imaging.Normalization electric capacity λ is by measured capacitance C
m, the full packages capacitor C
FullWith the blank pipe capacitor C
EmptyCalculate, calculation relational expression is
In the monitoring of Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid process of flowing,, can cause the error of normalization electric capacity, and influence imaging effect, so need demarcate again to new flow media because the solid material kind changes or rerum natura changes the two-phase flow mixing change in dielectric constant that causes.Usually in the calibration process, generally capacitance tomography sensor to be pulled down, place collection blank pipe electric capacity and full packages capacitance data under 2 kinds of states of blank pipe and full packages.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention proposed is a kind of Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography system and online calibration method, its objective is to overcome the existing existing defective of calibration technique, need not removal sensor and do not influence the online quick calibrating method that detected fluid flows for the Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid capacitance tomography system provides a kind of.
Technical solution of the present invention: Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography system, comprise capacitive array sensor, data collecting instrument, tomography computer and on-line sampling device, increased the electric capacity sampling sensor in the downstream of capacitive array sensor, be used for sampling, obtain the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of tested solid-phase media by the capacitance signal of measuring the electric capacity sampling sensor tested solid-phase media
xThere are first Shuttoff Valve and gas circuit in electric capacity sampling sensor upstream, there is second Shuttoff Valve in electric capacity sampling sensor downstream, be used for control to calibration process, according to the capacitance tomography sensor model of setting up, by the specific inductive capacity of tested solid-phase media calculate its full packages electric capacity, realize the online quick demarcation of capacitance tomography system.
The online calibration method of Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography system comprises following processing step:
One, sets up the capacitance tomography sensor model: with the electrode measurement capacitor C
mEquivalence is internal capacity C
xWith the pipeline capacitor C
wSeries connection, obtain internal capacity C by pre-demarcation to capacitor model
xWith the pipeline capacitor C
w, set up the relation of full packages electric capacity and solid-phase media specific inductive capacity;
Two, in the Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid flow process, current measured medium is taken a sample, extract the solid-phase media specific inductive capacity, in conjunction with the capacitance tomography sensor model, calculate the full packages capacitance under the current solid-phase media, under the prerequisite that does not influence flow process, realize online quick demarcation.
In calibration process, close second valve earlier, open first valve, blow away the accumulation material of first valve near the capacitive array sensor pipe side, open second valve, close first valve,, remove the moisture and the salvage stores of sampling sensor inside sampling sensor pipeline ventilation a period of time; Close the gas circuit and second valve, open first valve, treat after the sampling section is full of material current convey materials to be sampled; Sampling sensor electric capacity is gathered in computer program control, calculates corresponding DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
xBecause sampling sensor only uses at timing signal, it is little to wear and tear, thus adopt built-in curved slab structure, to improve the linearity between specific inductive capacity and the electric capacity; Pass through computing formula
Calculate the full packages capacitor C under the current material
MxThereby, obtain new normalization electric capacity, finish an on-line proving; After demarcation is finished, need close first valve, open second valve and gas circuit, the material of emptying sampling section is closed second valve again.To keep the drying of sampling section, avoid pipeline to be corroded by material, influence the capacitance measurement precision.
The present invention has the following advantages: (1) on-line proving does not influence the monitoring of two-phase flow flow process.Only need the pre-demarcation of an off-line, obtain the internal capacitance C of capacitance tomography sensor model
X0With the tube wall capacitor C
w, then can calculate full packages electric capacity according to the sensor capacitance model of setting up.After tested solid-phase media specific inductive capacity changes in time, can in time implement on-line proving.Do not influence normally carrying out of Gas-solid Two-phase Flow process, can not disturb the imaging region flow field yet.(2) calibration process is simple, and is quick.Capacitance tomography system off-line calibration process all is sensor need be pulled down usually, fills tested solid-phase media, measures the capacitance under the full packages, and calibration process is loaded down with trivial details.Online calibration method only needs current measured medium sampling in conjunction with the capacitance tomography sensor model, is calculated the full packages capacitance of current solid-phase media.The on-line proving process is finished by computer program control, and does not need removal sensor, therefore has quick, simple advantage.(3) imaging precision of raising capacitance tomography system.Because the on-line proving process is simple, quick, for specific inductive capacity the solid-phase media of fluctuation is arranged, can adopt the regularly mode of on-line proving, in time calibrate normalization electric capacity, to reduce the influence of measured medium specific inductive capacity fluctuation to imaging results.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the sectional view of capacitance tomography sensor.
Accompanying drawing 3 is Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography systems.
Embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing 1, the n of a capacitance tomography sensor capacitance electrode are attached to the sensor pipeline outside equably, and radial electrode is between adjacent detecting electrode, and the detecting electrode outside is a protective seam, outside the protective seam
Side is a metallic shield, to eliminate extraneous electromagnetic interference (EMI).
In the Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid, solid particle is easily charged in collision process, can influence the capacitance detecting of electrode internally-arranged type capacitance tomography sensor, and built-in electrode is easy to wear, so adopt the external sensor construction of electrode usually, electrode is positioned at the sensor isolated pipe outside.Radial electrode can force the line of electric force of adjacent electrode from the pipe interior process, improves the susceptibility of sensor to the pipe interior medium, reduces adjacent capacitor simultaneously, reduces the difference of adjacent electrode electric capacity and other electrode capacitances, makes things convenient for capacitance measurement.In Gas-solid Two-phase Flow, adopt electrode to be equipped with radial electrode type capacitance tomography sensor outward usually.
Dielectric capacitance C in then managing
xCan be with measuring capacitor C
mWith the pipeline capacitor C
wExpression:
In order to obtain to measure capacitor C
mWith internal capacity C
xBetween relation, must know the pipeline capacitor C
wSize.According to formula (1), under empty pipe condition, have
And fill with specific inductive capacity is ε
rMedium the time measurement electric capacity
Under the full packages condition, internal capacity C
xProportional with the specific inductive capacity of medium in the pipe, so
C
xr＝ε
rC
x0 (5)
Can get blank pipe electric capacity in tube wall electric capacity and the pipe by formula (3)～(5)
According to formula (4), (5), can get the model electric capacity of general type
And the tube wall capacitor C in the formula (8)
wWith internal capacitance C
X0Be unknown, only need to do once to demarcate in advance, record the blank pipe capacitor C
M0With pre-demarcation specific inductive capacity be ε
rUnder the full packages capacitor C
Mr, according to formula (6) and formula (7) calculate C
wAnd C
X0In the sensor on-line proving, tested solid-phase media is sampled by the electric capacity sampling sensor.And the capacitance size of sampling sensor and being sampled has relation one to one between the solid-phase media specific inductive capacity, thereby obtains the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of solid-phase media in the tested Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid
xCan calculate model capacitor C between corresponding electrode according to formula (8) like this
Mx, also promptly having obtained the solid phase specific inductive capacity is ε
xThe time full packages electric capacity.The pre-medium DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of demarcating
rMore near the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of measured medium
x, then the relative error of on-line proving is more little.
Contrast accompanying drawing 3, its structure comprises capacitive array sensor, data collecting instrument, tomography computer and on-line sampling device, the present invention has just increased the electric capacity sampling sensor in the downstream of capacitive array sensor, be used for sampling, obtain the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of tested solid-phase media by the capacitance signal of measuring the electric capacity sampling sensor tested solid-phase media
x, there is first Shuttoff Valve 1 and the gas circuit electric capacity sampling sensor upstream, and there is second Shuttoff Valve 2 in electric capacity sampling sensor downstream, is used for the control to the on-line proving process, according to the capacitance tomography sensor model of setting up, by the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of tested solid-phase media
xCalculate its full packages electric capacity, realize online quick demarcation to capacitance tomography system.
The on-line proving process of Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography system is as described below.
Because the variation of tested solid-phase media specific inductive capacity makes actual full packages electric capacity depart from calibration value, causes measuring error.For example, in the coal dust course of conveying, the variation of the difference of coal, the change of water cut, size distribution all can cause the change of complex dielectric constant.In order to reduce measuring error, simplify calibration process, according to above capacitor model, invented Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid capacitance chromatography imaging on-line proving device.Usually capacitance tomography system comprises capacitive array sensor, data collecting instrument and tomography computer.The on-line proving capacitance tomography system is different from common capacitance tomography system part and is, increased the electric capacity sampling sensor in the downstream of capacitive array sensor, be used for on-line sampling, obtain the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of tested solid-phase media by the capacitance signal of measuring the electric capacity sampling sensor tested solid-phase media
x
In calibration process, first valve-off 2, Open valve 1 is blown away the accumulation material of valve 1 near array type capacitive transducer pipe side.Open valve 2 valve-offs 1 to sampling sensor pipeline ventilation a period of time, are removed the moisture and the salvage stores of sampling sensor inside.Close gas circuit and valve 2, Open valve 1 is treated after the sampling section is full of material current convey materials to be sampled.Sampling sensor electric capacity is gathered in computer program control, calculates corresponding tested solid-phase media DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
xBecause sampling sensor only uses at timing signal, it is little to wear and tear, thus adopt built-in curved slab structure, to improve the linearity between specific inductive capacity and the electric capacity.Through type (8) calculates the full packages capacitor C under the current material
MxThereby, obtain new normalization electric capacity, finish an on-line proving.After demarcation is finished, need valve-off 1, open valve 2 and gas circuit, the material of emptying sampling section, valve-off 2 again.To keep the drying of sampling section, avoid pipeline to be corroded by material, influence the capacitance measurement precision.
Claims (3)
1. Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography system, comprise capacitive array sensor, data collecting instrument, tomography computer and on-line sampling device, it is characterized in that having increased the electric capacity sampling sensor in the downstream of capacitive array sensor, be used for sampling, obtain the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of tested solid-phase media by the capacitance signal of measuring the electric capacity sampling sensor tested solid-phase media
x, there are first Shuttoff Valve and gas circuit in electric capacity sampling sensor upstream, and there is second Shuttoff Valve in electric capacity sampling sensor downstream, is used for the control to the on-line proving process, according to the capacitance tomography sensor model of setting up, by the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of tested solid-phase media
xCalculate its full packages electric capacity, realize online quick demarcation to capacitance tomography system.
2. Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on-line proving capacitance tomography system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the capacitance tomography sensor model, electrode is equipped with the electrode measurement capacitor C of radial electrode type capacitive array sensor outward
mEquivalence is internal capacity C
xWith the pipeline capacitor C
wSeries connection:
Do once to demarcate in advance, record the blank pipe capacitor C
M0With pre-demarcation solid phase specific inductive capacity be ε
rUnder the full packages capacitor C
Mr, according to following formula calculate pipeline electric capacity and internal capacity:
Again according to relational expression
Calculate model electric capacity between corresponding electrode, the specific inductive capacity of tested solid-phase media is ε
x
3. Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid capacitance tomography system online calibration method comprises following processing step:
One, sets up the capacitance tomography sensor model: with the electrode measurement capacitor C
mEquivalence is internal capacity C
xWith the pipeline capacitor C
wSeries connection, obtain the electrode measurement capacitor C by pre-demarcation to capacitor model
mWith medium DIELECTRIC CONSTANT in the pipe
xRelation, also promptly set up the relation of full packages electric capacity and solid-phase media specific inductive capacity;
Two, in the Gas-solid Two-phase Flow process, current measured medium is taken a sample, extract the solid-phase media specific inductive capacity, in conjunction with the capacitance tomography sensor model, calculate the full packages capacitance of current solid-phase media, under the prerequisite that does not influence flow process, realize on-line proving.
In calibration process, close second valve earlier, open first valve, blow away the accumulation material of first valve near the capacitive array sensor pipe side, open second valve, close first valve,, remove the moisture and the salvage stores of sampling sensor inside sampling sensor pipeline ventilation a period of time; Close the gas circuit and second valve, open first valve, treat after the sampling section is full of material current convey materials to be sampled; Sampling sensor electric capacity is gathered in computer program control, calculates corresponding DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
xBecause sampling sensor only uses at timing signal, it is little to wear and tear, thus adopt built-in curved slab structure, to improve the linearity between specific inductive capacity and the electric capacity; Pass through computing formula
Calculate the full packages capacitor C under the current tested solid-phase media
MxThereby, obtain new normalization electric capacity, finish an on-line proving; After demarcation is finished, need close first valve, open second valve and gas circuit, the material of emptying sampling section is closed second valve again, to keep the drying of sampling section, avoids pipeline to be corroded by material, influences the capacitance measurement precision.
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