CN102305645B - Gas-liquid phase flow measurement device - Google Patents
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- CN102305645B CN102305645B CN 201110210613 CN201110210613A CN102305645B CN 102305645 B CN102305645 B CN 102305645B CN 201110210613 CN201110210613 CN 201110210613 CN 201110210613 A CN201110210613 A CN 201110210613A CN 102305645 B CN102305645 B CN 102305645B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas-liquid phase flow measurement device, comprising a medium circulation tube, a data collection unit and a data processor. A flow sensor and a capacitance sensor are serially connected in the medium circulation tube. A differential pressure transmitter is connected with the flow sensor by a pressure measuring hole, and synchronously connected with the data collection unit and the data processor by a signal output end; an impedance tester and a microwave emission tester are connected with the capacitance sensor in parallel; the impedance tester and the microwave emission tester are connected with the data collection unit and the data processor by signal output ends. The gas-liquid phase flow measurement device can measure the flow of the gas-liquid phase flow and the flow phase content synchronously without separating the gas-liquid phase flow, so that the flow of the gas-liquid phase flow and the flow phase content can be accurately measured in a simple andconvenient manner.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the physical measurement device, specifically a kind of measurement mechanism for detection of biphase gas and liquid flow.
Background technology
Gas-liquid two-phase flows in the extensive existence of phenomenon and nature and the industrial process.The accurate measurement of gas liquid phase stream flow parameter is all to have very important meaning at experimental study or in commercial production.Because gas liquid phase stream flow pattern complexity, therefore for many years, people have carried out number of research projects in this respect, have also proposed many kinds of measuring methods simultaneously.The flow measurement method of gas liquid phase stream roughly is divided into two kinds at present, i.e. total flow mensuration and phase content continuous on-line detection method.Wherein the total flow mensuration mostly is to improve at orifice plate and Venturi tube, interior cone flow meter, in the hope of realizing the throttling metering by changing circulation area.Disclose a kind of clamped-in style ultrasonic gas flowmeter and be used for to have measured pulse Doppler sensor or radio frequency (RF)/microwave electromagnetic (EM) sensor of liquid phase stream dynamic characteristic as CN 101802562A, the combination of sensor can be measured the polyphasic flow under stratified flow or the conditions of similarity; CN 101363745A discloses a kind of polyphasic flow metering method and polyphasic flow mass flowmeter, detected two differential pressure value of orifice flowmeter by differential pressure transmitter, ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter records volumetric flow rate, calculates gas liquid ratio and water percentage and each phase flow rate through secondary instrument; CN 2293799Y discloses a kind of device that utilizes double-venturi tube, temperature and pressure sensor measurement oil-gas-water three phase flow quantity; CN 1259657A discloses a kind of method and device thereof of realizing the multiphase flow rates on-line measurement, comprise inverted U pipe, Venturi tube, differential pressure pick-up and heat conducting element, be at orifice plate and Venturi tube all just by measuring bulk flow, pressure differential, each phase flow rate of oil gas water ratio measure, interior cone flow meter etc. carry out.The problem that this mode exists is that the flowmeter crushing is bigger, and throttling element is bigger to the mobile interference of gas-liquid two-phase, and the differential pressure signal undulatory property is big, poor stability, thereby cause the repeated relatively poor of biphase gas and liquid flow measurement model, restricted application; Phase content continuous on-line detection method includes rays method, dielectric method.Wherein to have a radiation effects limited because of it for rays method, and the equipment that the dielectric method adopts (being mainly capacitive transducer) is simple in structure because of it, cost of development is low, easy realization, so be subjected to people's common concern.A large amount of studies show that but, the capacitive transducer that is used for multiphase flow measurement is subject to the influence of fluid flow pattern, thus its stability, repeatability of detecting data are relatively poor.Therefore how can overcome flow pattern of gas-liquid two-phase flow to the influence of pipeline internal medium specific inductive capacity, become the emphasis that becomes people's research.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly that a kind of gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus that can overcome flow pattern of gas-liquid two-phase flow influence, measurement accuracy height, good stability will be provided.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus provided by the present invention includes MEDIA FLOW siphunculus, pressure difference transmitter, data acquisition unit, data processor.Be serially connected with flow sensor, capacitive transducer in the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus.Wherein the structural design of flow sensor is: be provided with reducer pipe in the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus, be respectively equipped with pressure tap at the large-diameter pipe of this reducer pipe and the tube wall of small-bore pipe, with have corresponding pressure tap on the tube wall of the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus in this same cross section of pressure tap, differential pressure transmitter is connected with flow sensor, MEDIA FLOW siphunculus by pressure tap, is connected with data acquisition unit, data processor by signal output part simultaneously; Be parallel with impedance instrument and microwave transmission test instrument at described capacitive transducer; Impedance instrument is connected with data acquisition unit, data processor by signal output part with microwave transmission test instrument.
The designed gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) apparatus of the present invention can be under the unseparated situation of biphase gas and liquid flow simultaneously flow and the flow containing rate to biphase gas and liquid flow measure, thereby realized the accurate measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow and phase content in a kind of easy mode.
(2) the special design of flow sensor has not only overcome the flow pattern interference, has improved stability and the accuracy of measuring method, has also enlarged measurement range simultaneously.More particularly, the design of reducer pipe makes biphase gas and liquid flow can obtain differential pressure under the situation that does not change circulation area when flowing through the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus in the flow sensor, and its crushing is little, signal has improved sensitivity greatly, simultaneously; The same cross section of described flow sensor in the medium circulation arranges pressure tap, therefore eliminated the influence of frictional resistance to the media flow data, solved prior art and used the existing impulse problem of differential pressure flow transducer at vertical pipeline; The inner and outer pipes structure that MEDIA FLOW siphunculus and reducer pipe constitute, therefore the axial constraint that when having strengthened measuring gas-liquid two-phase has been flowed has reduced the diametral interference in the mobile process of gas-liquid two-phase, has improved the stable and repeated of sensor.
(3) be parallel with impedance instrument and microwave transmission test instrument at described coaxial microwave capacitive transducer, two measurement models have been created at same capacitive transducer thus, processing by data processor more subsequently, thus more objective and accurate measurement result obtained.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the software function block diagram of the data processor in apparatus of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing apparatus of the present invention and the course of work thereof are described in further detail.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, apparatus of the present invention include MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1, data acquisition unit 17, data processor 18, are serially connected with flow sensor A, capacitive transducer B in the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1.MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 can adopt pvc pipe.Data acquisition unit 17 can adopt 16 bit data capture cards (data that are used for flow sensor A, capacitive transducer B are carried out system acquisition).Data processor 18 adopts common computer.Be provided with reducer pipe in MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1, namely this reducer pipe is thicker straight tube (being large-diameter pipe 2) on one side, be thinner straight tube (be small-bore pipe 4) on one side.Between reducer pipe and the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 certain clearance to be arranged, to prevent the media particle blocking pipeline.Have pressure tap (6,8) at the large-diameter pipe 2 of this reducer pipe and the tube wall of small-bore pipe 4, with have corresponding pressure tap (5,7) on the tube wall of the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 in the same cross section of this pressure tap (6,8). be that pressure tap 5,6 is symmetrical structure, pressure tap 7,8 is symmetrical structure, so can obtain balanced pressure reduction.
The reducing place of said its body of reducer pipe can be provided with tiltedly shoulder 3 of transition, and its pitch angle is 10 °～21 °, can not change the throttling that realizes fluid under total circulation area thus.According to fluid mechanics principle as can be known, the pitch angle is that 10 °～21 ° angle of throat is little to the interference of flowing, and resistance to flow is little.
Pressure tap 8 on the said small-bore pipe 4 is arranged on the centre position of this pipeline section, not only can obtain maximum differential pressure value thus, also can obtain to stablize pressure reduction simultaneously.
Differential pressure transmitter in apparatus of the present invention (14) is connected with flow sensor A, MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 by pressure tap (6,8,5,7); Simultaneously by signal output part be connected with data acquisition unit 17, data processor 18.Differential pressure transmitter 14 is sent to data acquisition unit 17 with the differential pressure signal of medium fluid thus, delivers to data processor 18 at last and carries out statistical study.(described differential pressure transmitter 14 can be selected commercially available prod (as 0-100kPa, 0.1% differential pressure transmitter) for use.
Be parallel with impedance instrument 15 and microwave transmission test instrument 16 on the capacitive transducer B described in apparatus of the present invention.Impedance instrument 15 is connected with data acquisition unit 17, data processor 18 by signal output part with microwave transmission test instrument 16.Impedance instrument 15 and microwave transmission test instrument 16 record the bimodal signal of medium fluid electric capacity, microwave thus, and transfer the signal to the data acquisition unit 17, carry out obtaining the gas-liquid two-phase flow containing rate after the statistical study finally by data processor 18.The bimodal signal that this designing institute is built makes capacitance signal and microwave signal realize complementation, thereby has overcome the shortcoming of single signal mode, has improved the accuracy that the gas-liquid two-phase flow containing rate is measured.
Above-mentioned impedance instrument 15 and microwave transmission test instrument 16 all can adopt commercially available prod (as 6 half impedance instruments, can receive the microwave emission measurement instrument of 70～120MHz microwave signal source).
In order further to improve the sensitivity of apparatus of the present invention, capacitive transducer B among the present invention is the coaxial microwave capacitive transducer, its structure as shown in Figure 2, probe is tubular, be provided with concentric cylinder 10 in its cylinder 9, cylinder 9 outer walls are coated with external polar plate 11, and concentric cylinder 10 outer walls are coated with internal polar plate 19, and inside and outside pole plate (19,11) is connected with impedance instrument 15, microwave transmission test instrument 16 by shielded lead respectively.Increase the capacitor plate area thus greatly, reduced pole span, thereby improved impedance instrument 15,16 pairs of signal susceptibilitys of microwave transmission test instrument.
Capacitive transducer B in apparatus of the present invention is connected with MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 by the cylinder 9 in the probe, the caliber D of the barrel dliameter of described cylinder 9＞MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1, the two ends of cylinder 9 are provided with the closing in cylindrical shell 12 that the caliber D with MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 is complementary, the two ends of concentric cylinder 10 are provided with and the identical cone 13 of cylindrical shell 12 closing in angles that closes up, transition by closing in cylindrical shell 12 thus, reduced flow velocity, improved and measured stability.
In order further to reduce flow velocity, improve measurement accuracy, the caliber D of said MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 and the diameter ratio of cylinder 9 are 1: 2, the contraction angle of closing in cylindrical shell 12 is 15 °～21 °; The length of cylinder 9 is 4D～6D.
Said pressure tap 5,6 is located at apart from 0.08D～0.2D place before large-diameter pipe 2 reducings.By CFD emulation and experiment test, pressure measurement in this scope, its differential pressure value maximum.
The large-diameter pipe 2 of said reducer pipe, small-bore pipe 4 are respectively 1.6D, 0.625D, 1.4D with the length of closing in cylindrical shell 12.By CFD and Physical Experiment analysis, this design can obtain best throttling ratio.
The concrete course of work and the measuring principle of apparatus of the present invention are as follows:
Referring to Fig. 1, apparatus of the present invention when the measured medium fluid is the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 of D by caliber, under the effect of reducer pipe, fluid is the flow velocity increase by MEDIA FLOW siphunculus and reducer pipe annular space the time, static pressure reduces; And the flow velocity in the reducer pipe reduces, and static pressure increases; This moment, fluid just formed pressure reduction at pressure and the pressure in the reducer pipe at MEDIA FLOW siphunculus 1 and reducer pipe annular space place, differential pressure transmitter 14 obtains pressure difference by the differential pressure information that pressure tap 5,6 records, data acquisition unit 17 draws the total flow model according to this pressure difference.
C is efflux coefficient, and is definite by testing; ε is called the inflatable coefficient of measured medium, for incompressible fluid ε=1, to compressible fluid ε＜1 such as gas, steam; A is the sectional area of fluid line; K
1Annular space area ratio for large-diameter pipe 2 and small-bore pipe 4; K
2Section ratio for large-diameter pipe 2 and small-bore pipe 4.The transition that reducer pipe reducing place arranges tiltedly shoulder 3 its pitch angle is 10 °～21 °, and section ratio is between 0.4 to 0.75.
Capacitive transducer among the present invention adopts high-frequency signal injection, can record the capacitance signal between inside and outside two-plate (19,11).Capacitive transducer B measures the water percentage of crude oil by the change of relative dielectric constant.When the liquid with differing dielectric constant passes through between the two-plate of capacitive transducer B, the electric capacity of capacitive transducer B will change thereupon.The computing formula of capacitance is:
Wherein R is the internal diameter of external electrode 11, and r is the external diameter of interior electrode 19, and L is the length of Nei external electrode (19,11), and ε is the mixed liquor relative dielectric constant, ε
0Be the specific inductive capacity (=8.85 * 10-12P/M) of medium under vacuum state
Measure the shortcoming that biphase gas and liquid flow exists in order to overcome single-sensor, when obtaining capacitance signal, utilize different medium that water percentage is measured in the absorption of electromagnetic wave effect, obtain microwave signal.Medium is proportional to the specific inductive capacity of the absorption of microwave and medium, and water namely is the physical basis of microwave measurement moisture to the absorption maximum of microwave.The characteristic of hydrous matter polarization loss in microwave field can characterize by its composite dielectric constant in microwave field, records its composite dielectric constant, and water cut in this material what just can record indirectly.Its specific inductive capacity can be expressed as:
Wherein ε represents the effective dielectric constant of blending agent, ε
1Be the specific inductive capacity of first kind of medium, ε
2Be the specific inductive capacity of second kind of medium, f
1It is the percent by volume of first kind of medium.
Set up branch phase content model by the bimodal signal that impedance instrument 15 and microwave transmission test instrument 16 obtain, find the solution separate phase flow rate Q according to acquired total flow model and the combination of branch phase content model
gAnd Q
lAnd void fraction α
gWith liquid holdup α
lThereby, reach the purpose that on-line continuous is measured polyphasic flow.Obtain each separate phase flow rate by total flow and each phase content at last, realize that biphase gas and liquid flow does not separate measurement.
Data processor in apparatus of the present invention is when carrying out the data analysis processing, can be according to function module design process software shown in Figure 2, be after data processor 18 is received the data acquisition unit information transmitted, start working, data processor 18 draws [the total flow model] of medium fluid according to [flow sensing information]; Foundation [capacitance sensing information] obtains [impedance information] and [microwave information] of medium fluid simultaneously, obtains [dividing the phase content model] by analysis, calculating, makes up with branch phase content model according to acquired total flow model at last and finds the solution separate phase flow rate Q
gAnd Q
lAnd void fraction α
g, finally show measurement result.
Claims (6)
1. gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus, include MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1), differential pressure transmitter (14), data acquisition unit (17), data processor (18), it is characterized in that being serially connected with in the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1) flow sensor (A), capacitive transducer (B); Described flow sensor (A) is to be provided with reducer pipe in MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1), have pressure tap one (6) at the large-diameter pipe (2) of this reducer pipe and the tube wall of small-bore pipe (4), pressure tap two (8), with this pressure tap one (6), have corresponding pressure tap three (5) on the tube wall of the MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1) in pressure tap two (8) same cross sections, pressure tap four (7), differential pressure transmitter (14) is by pressure tap and flow sensor, MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1) is connected, simultaneously by signal output part and data acquisition unit (17), data processor (18) is connected; Be parallel with impedance instrument (15) and microwave transmission test instrument (16) on the described capacitive transducer (B); Impedance instrument (15) is connected with data acquisition unit (17), data processor (18) by signal output part with microwave transmission test instrument (16); Described capacitive transducer (B) is the coaxial microwave capacitive transducer, probe is tubular, be provided with concentric cylinder (10) in its cylinder (9), cylinder (9) outer wall is coated with external polar plate (11), concentric cylinder (10) outer wall is coated with internal polar plate (19), and internal polar plate (19), external polar plate (11) are connected with impedance instrument (15), microwave transmission test instrument (16) by shielded lead respectively; Said capacitive transducer (B) is connected with MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1) by the cylinder (9) in the probe; The caliber of the barrel dliameter of described cylinder (9)＞MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1), the two ends of cylinder (9) are provided with the closing in cylindrical shell (12) that the caliber with MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1) is complementary, and the two ends of concentric cylinder (10) are provided with the cone (13) identical with the cylindrical shell that closes up (12) closing in angle.
2. gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1, the reducing place that it is characterized in that said its body of reducer pipe is provided with transition and tiltedly takes on (3), and its pitch angle is 10 °～21 °.
3. gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pressure tap two (8) on the said small-bore pipe (4) is arranged on the centre position of this small-bore pipe (4).
4. gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that the diameter D of said MEDIA FLOW siphunculus (1) and the diameter ratio of cylinder (9) are 1:2, and the contraction angle of closing in cylindrical shell (12) is 15 °～21 °; The length of cylinder (9) is 4D～6D.
5. gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that said pressure tap three (5), pressure tap one (6) locate apart from the preceding 0.08D to 0.2D of large-diameter pipe (2) reducing.
6. gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that the large-diameter pipe (2) of said reducer pipe, small-bore pipe (4) are respectively 1.6D, 0.625D, 1.4D with the length of closing in cylindrical shell (12).
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