CN103776875B - A kind of four sector distributing triggers reorganization for two-phase flow - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of four sector distributing triggers reorganization for two-phase flow, comprise upward vertical tube road and four pairs of electrodes, the often pair of electrode includes one and is fixed on the exciting electrode E and comparatively going up position in upward vertical tube road and is fixed on the potential electrode M of upward vertical tube road compared with lower portion, each electrode in four pairs of electrodes comprises one section of arc ring, four exciting electrode E are positioned on the sustained height in upward vertical tube road, and uniform intervals distribution each other, four potential electrode M are positioned at upward vertical tube road, on sustained height lower than four exciting electrode E place height, and also uniform intervals distribution each other, wherein often pair of electrode be arranged in parallel up and down.Four sector distributing triggers reorganization provided by the invention, can measure local flow information that is non-homogeneous, complex fluid, provide important information source for disclosing local flow structure and studying two phase flow pattern Evolution Dynamics mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a two-phase flow detection sensor, in particular to a distributed conductivity sensor.
Background
The two-phase flow phenomenon is widely existed in the traditional industrial and emerging industrial fields of petroleum engineering, chemical engineering, metallurgical engineering, nuclear engineering, aviation and aerospace engineering, etc. The two-phase flow is a mixed flow system of any two-phase incompatible substances in gas, liquid and solid phases. Due to the difference of physical properties such as density, viscosity and the like among the components in the two-phase flow, the measurement of the parameters of the two-phase flow is very difficult under the influence of a plurality of factors such as flow, pressure, gravity, pipeline shape and the like. The phase separation section content (phase content) is an important parameter in a two-phase flow industrial application system, and the accurate measurement of the phase separation section content has important significance for metering, controlling and running reliability of a production process.
The two-phase flow phase content measuring technology mainly comprises an ultrasonic method, an optical method, a ray method, a capacitance and electric conductivity method applying an impedance technology and the like. The conductivity sensor has the advantages of clear principle, simple structure, stable response and the like, and is widely applied to multiphase flow parameter measurement, the plate electrode is mostly adopted to measure the thickness of a liquid film in the early development stage of the sensor, and in order to avoid the convection type disturbance of the sensor, the annular electrode sensor embedded in the inner wall of a pipeline is produced, such as an annular conductivity sensor, a convection wall type annular conductivity sensor with a protective electrode and temperature compensation, an annular and semi-annular conductivity sensor, a six-electrode array conductivity sensor, an eight-electrode array conductivity sensor and the like.
At present, the array type conductivity sensor for measuring the whole average information of the cross section of the pipeline and the wall annular conductivity sensor and measuring the whole information of the space cannot meet the requirement of measuring the local flow structure to accurately measure the phase content. The existing conductance probe sensor for measuring local information can only measure fluid information (such as local speed and concentration) of one point due to the small electrode, the output signal is only divided into high and low levels, and the flow information content is small. The detection range of the single-capacitor string sensor is limited in an extremely small range near the measuring electrode, and the plug-in structure can disturb a flow field, so that the single-capacitor string sensor has limitation on the measurement of non-uniform and complex fluids.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distributed conductivity sensor which can capture local flow information of non-uniform and complex two-phase flow flowing in a vertical ascending pipeline as much as possible on the premise of not disturbing a flow field, and not only the local flow information of the fluid on a point or a line. The sensor provided by the invention can research the interphase interaction of two-phase flow and the formation and evolution mechanism of the flow pattern from local flow information, and the data measured by the sensor can be fused, so that the sensor has a good effect on the aspect of phase content measurement. In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a four-sector distributed conductance sensor for two-phase flow detection comprises a vertical ascending pipe made of an insulator and four pairs of electrodes fixed on the vertical ascending pipe, wherein each pair of electrodes comprises an excitation electrode E fixed at the upper part of the vertical ascending pipe and a measurement electrode M fixed at the lower part of the vertical ascending pipe, each electrode in the four pairs of electrodes comprises an arc-shaped ring, the curvature of each electrode is consistent with that of the vertical ascending pipe, so that the electrodes can be smoothly embedded into the inner wall surface of the vertical ascending pipe, the four excitation electrodes E are positioned at the same height in the vertical ascending pipe and are uniformly distributed at intervals among each other in a non-continuous circular ring shape, the four measurement electrodes M are positioned in the vertical ascending pipe and are positioned at the same height lower than that of the four excitation electrodes E and are also uniformly distributed at intervals among each other, the electrodes are in a discontinuous circular ring shape, wherein each pair of electrodes are arranged in parallel up and down; each electrode also comprises a section of cylindrical conductor connected to the arc-shaped ring, extends out of the vertical ascending pipe and is used for inputting and outputting signals; the sensitivity area of each electrode in the vertical rising pipe is a sector.
As a preferred embodiment, each electrode is embedded into the inner wall surface of the vertical ascending pipe, and the surface of the electrode is flush with the inner wall surface of the vertical ascending pipe;
the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped ring of each electrode is an electrode opening angle, the dereferencing range is [30 degrees and 85 degrees ], the height of the arc-shaped ring of each electrode is an electrode height, the dereferencing range is [2mm and 4mm ], the distance between an excitation electrode E and a measurement electrode M in each pair of electrodes is an electrode distance, and the dereferencing range is [3mm and 6mm ]; the optimal parameters of the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor for two-phase flow detection are as follows: the electrode opening angle is 45 degrees, the electrode height is 4mm, and the electrode distance is 4 mm; the electrodes are made of titanium alloy, and the vertical ascending pipe is made of organic glass.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) providing a four-sector distributed conductivity sensor for two-phase flow detection, and giving a value range of structural parameters of the sensor and an optimal structure of the sensor; (2) the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor can measure local flow information of non-uniform and complex fluids, and provides an important information source for revealing a local flow structure and researching a two-phase flow pattern evolution dynamics mechanism; (3) the good phase content rate measuring effect can be obtained by carrying out data fusion on the four-sector measuring signals of the distributed conductivity sensor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of a four-sector distributed conductivity sensor of the present invention, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a sectional view of a section with electrodes, and (c) is a front view;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a finite element subdivision structure of a four-sector distributed conductivity sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the total sensitivity and sector sensitivity calculations for a four-sector distributed conductivity sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a four-sector distributed conductivity sensor measurement system of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a vertical gas-liquid two-phase flow phase content measurement layout of the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor of the invention.
Detailed Description
The structure of the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor and the method for optimizing the structural parameters thereof according to the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor comprises a vertical ascending pipe and four pairs of electrodes E arranged on the vertical ascending pipeA、MA，EB、MB，EC、MCAnd ED、MDEach pair of electrodes comprising an excitation electrode E (E) mounted on the upper end of the vertical riserA、EB、ECOr ED) And a measuring electrode M (M) installed at the lower end of the vertical rising pipeA、MB、MCOr MD) Each electrode of the four pairs of electrodes comprises a section of arc-shaped ring, the corresponding central angle is theta, and the curvature of each electrode is consistent with that of the vertical ascending pipeline, so that the electrodes can be smoothly embedded into the inner wall surface of the vertical ascending pipeline, the four excitation electrodes E are positioned at the same height in the vertical ascending pipeline and are uniformly distributed at intervals and are in a discontinuous circular ring shape, the four measurement electrodes M are positioned in the vertical ascending pipeline,The electrodes are lower than the four excitation electrodes E at the same height, are uniformly distributed at intervals and are in a non-continuous circular ring shape, wherein each pair of electrodes are arranged in parallel up and down;
each electrode also comprises a section of cylindrical conductor connected to the arc-shaped ring and used for inputting and outputting signals, the length of the cylindrical conductor can be determined according to the thickness of the pipeline, and the cylindrical conductor can extend out of the pipeline and can be connected with a lead; each electrode is in a sector shape in a sensitivity area in the pipeline, and each electrode is in a T shape and made of titanium alloy.
The vertical ascending pipeline is made of organic glass, the electrodes are adhered by epoxy resin AB glue and embedded into the inner wall surface of the pipeline, the surfaces of the electrodes are flush with the inner wall surface of the pipeline, the thickness of each electrode is 0.002M, the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped ring of each electrode is an electrode opening angle, the value range is [30 degrees ] and 85 degrees ], the height of the arc-shaped ring of each electrode is an electrode height, the value range is [2mm and 4mm ], the distance between an excitation electrode E and a measurement electrode M in each pair of electrodes is an electrode distance, and the value range is [3mm and 6mm ].
When the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor is optimized, firstly, a four-sector conductivity sensor optimization design model is constructed.
The invention adopts a finite element method and utilizes simulation software ANSYS to establish a four-sector conductivity sensor model, as shown in figure 2. During modeling, the inner diameter D of the pipeline is set to be 0.02m, the thickness T of the electrode is set to be 0.002m, the length L of the pipeline is set to be 0.2m, the height H of the electrode, the opening angle theta of the electrode, the distance D between an excitation electrode and a measurement electrode, and the resistivity of the water phasew1000 Ω · m, electrode resistivity σs1.7241e-8 Ω · m. Adopting a free subdivision mode to carry out grid division, adopting constant current excitation when applying load, and exciting an electrode EA、EB、EC、EDApplying a 0.1mA current to measure the electrode MA、MB、MC、MDA current of-0.1 mA was applied and the measurement electrode voltage value was set to 0V.
The optimization target of the four-sector conductivity sensor is as follows: the four pairs of electrodes have relatively high sensitivity in their respective regions with minimal disturbance of the electric field between the four pairs of electrodes. The geometric parameters of the electrodes have important influence on the electric field intensity distribution of the sensor, and in order to achieve the optimization target of the sensor, a small ball with the radius of 1mm is placed in a model to simulate the movement of bubbles/oil drops when the ANSYS is used for modeling. When the small ball is at different positions, the voltage of the exciting electrode also changes, so that the sensitivity of the conductivity sensor can be reflected by the changed voltage of the exciting electrode. Because the four pairs of electrodes have symmetry in geometry, after current signals are applied to the four pairs of electrodes simultaneously, the response of the output voltage of one pair of electrodes to the small ball is examined only through simulation, namely, the sensitivity of one pair of electrodes is studied only. Every time the ball transforms a coordinate, the sensitivity value at the coordinate can be calculated. And traversing the coordinates of the small ball at all positions of the section of the pipeline to obtain the sensitivity distribution diagram of the pair of electrodes.
Defining s (i) as the sensitivity of the conductance sensor when the bubble/oil drop is at the ith position, and expressing:
wherein Δ U (i) is a voltage change value of the excitation electrode before and after the insertion of the spherical bubble/oil droplet at the ith position, [ Δ U (i)]maxIs to traverse allAnd testing the maximum value of the voltage change value after the position.
Average sensitivity SavgDefined as the average of the sensitivity of each coordinate:
the sum of the sensitivity values of all coordinates of all radial sections of the pipeline is recorded as total sensitivity StotThe slash marked area in fig. 3 is defined as:
the radial section of the pipeline is uniformly divided into four sectors, for example, black filling areas in figure 3, namely sector measuring areas, and the sum of coordinate sensitivity values of the sectors where the electrodes are located is recorded as sector sensitivity SqrDefined as:
where j denotes the test ball position number into the black filled area (i.e., the sector measurement area), MqrThe total number of test sites in the black filled area.
The sector sensitivity weight is the ratio of the sector sensitivity to the sum of the total area sensitivities, and the expression is:
it is clear that the greater the sector sensitivity weight, the greater the sensitivity of the area occupied by the electrodes, and in this case the more sensitive the electrodes. Therefore, the structural parameter combination with the maximum sector sensitivity weight determined by simulation is the optimal parameter for electrode optimization.
The geometric parameters that influence the sensitivity profile are: the electrode opening angle theta, the electrode height H and the distance D between the exciting electrode and the measuring electrode. In order to find out the optimal optimization parameters, a complete optimization scheme is designed, and the optimization range of three factors is defined as follows: the electrode opening angle theta belongs to [30 degrees and 85 degrees ], the electrode height H belongs to [2 and 4] mm, and the distance D between the exciting electrode and the measuring electrode belongs to [3 and 6] mm. For the analysis, a factor is fixed, namely the electrode height H is 2mm, the electrode opening angle θ and the distance D between the excitation electrode and the measurement electrode are varied. After ANSYS modeling, loads are applied to the four pairs of electrodes simultaneously, and an interaction electric field is formed in the pipeline. Due to the geometric symmetry of the four pairs of electrodes, the output voltage value of the measuring electrode of one pair of electrodes is only led into Matlab, and the sensitivity distribution diagram of the pair of electrodes is obtained through Matlab interpolation. And repeating the steps to obtain the sensitive field characteristics of all parameter combinations under the condition that the height H of the fixed electrode is 2 mm.
The bubbles/droplets are near the electrodes and the sensor has good response characteristics, which can cause large changes in output voltage. The bubble/oil drop is far away from the electrode, and when reaching the range of other three pairs of electrodes, the sensitivity of the sensor is very low, and the output voltage is almost unchanged. The electrode opening angle theta is small, and the electrode sensitivity area is small. Along with the increase of the opening angle of the electrode, the high-sensitivity measurement range of the electrode is gradually enlarged. With the further increase of the field angle, not only the range of the high-sensitivity region is increased, but also the sensitivity values of the low-sensitivity regions where the other three pairs of electrodes are located are slightly increased, and although the whole body still shows low sensitivity, the sensitivity values have larger fluctuation. When θ is 85 °, electric field crosstalk is severe because the four pairs of electrodes are very close.
Extracting the sensitivity S (x, y) of each coordinate in the sensitivity three-dimensional distribution map, substituting the sensitivity S into the formula, and respectively calculating to obtain the sector sensitivity SqrAnd total sensitivity StotFinally, the sector sensitivity weights are calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
It can be seen that, in the case of the same electrode aperture angle, when the electrode distance D is 3mm, the sensitivity weight is higher than that in the other distances. When the electrode spacing D is 3mm, the opening angle theta is 40 degrees, the weight reaches the maximum value, the weight is reduced along with the increase of the opening angle, and the crosstalk between electric fields in the opening angle range is small. When the field angle is 65 °, crosstalk between the electric fields of the four pairs of electrodes is an important factor, and the weight is slightly increased. Therefore, the two indexes of the sector sensitivity weight and the sector sensitivity average value should be considered together to optimize the sensor structure parameters. And changing the height H of the electrode to be 3mm, repeating the simulation calculation after 4mm, and obtaining two groups of partition sensitivity weight tables. And examining the sensitivity weights of all the sizes, and finding that the average value of the sensitivity of the sector where the electrode is located is very high under some sizes, but the average value of the overall sensitivity is also high, and the sensitivity weight is low, which means that the mutual interference between the electrodes is large, and the combination is excluded. And selecting the structural parameters of the sensor according to the two indexes of the sector sensitivity weight and the sector sensitivity average value. In addition, considering the requirement of electrode processing precision, the optimal parameter is selected to be the axial thickness H of the electrode which is 4 mm; electrode arc θ is 45 °; the electrode spacing D was 4 mm.
Thus, the optimal structure of the four-sector conductivity sensor is obtained: the electrode opening angle theta is 45 degrees, the electrode height H is 4mm, and the distance D between the exciting electrode and the measuring electrode is 4 mm.
On the basis of the above work, as shown in fig. 4, the measuring system of the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor includes a data acquisition system, a four-sector distributed conductivity sensor, a sine generator (20 k signal source), a reference resistor, a differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, and an upper computer, wherein the data acquisition system selects PXI4472 of NI corporation, selects eight data acquisition channels Ch0-Ch7 of PXI4472, and combines Labview to realize real-time acquisition, storage, and analysis and calculation of sensor response signals, four excitation electrodes E are communicated with the sine generator through the reference resistor, four measuring electrodes M are grounded, the sine generator generates sine alternating current signals with a frequency of 20kHz, the signals carry fluid flow information in the pipeline after passing through the reference resistor and mixed fluid in the pipeline, and a voltage V of the reference resistor is used to measure a voltage VrefAnd the voltage V on the sensorsenAfter passing through the differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, the analog signal is transmitted to the data acquisition device, sampled and converted into a digital signal, and displayed and stored on an upper computer.
The two-phase flow content measurement experiment verification method of the four-sector distributed conductivity sensor comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting fluid media as tap water and air for an experiment, selecting an industrial peristaltic pump and an air pump to respectively convey a water phase and a gas phase, fixing a group of gas phase flow velocity, gradually increasing the water phase flow velocity from 0.05m/s to 0.55m/s, measuring a group of data by each group of water flow velocity, setting the water phase flow velocity and the gas phase flow velocity in the experiment to be 0.05-0.55 m/s and 0.15-1.08 m/s respectively, setting the flow of the water phase and the gas phase and simultaneously introducing the water phase and the gas phase into a pipeline in the experiment process, and acquiring signals of a four-sector distributed conductivity sensor after the flow state of two-phase flow is stable to obtain a phase content measurement layout method as follows:
defining the normalized conductivity G of the mixed fluideIs the conductivity of the mixed phasemConductivity with total waterwThe expression is as follows:wherein,mandwrespectively the conductivity of the mixed fluid and the conductivity in pure water, VrefAnd VmRespectively a measured voltage across the reference resistor and a measured voltage across the sensor,andrespectively, the voltage measured by two ends of a reference resistor and the voltage measured by a sensor in pure water, and the normalized conductance of the four-sector conductance sensorDefined as the average of the normalized conductance of the four electrodes, defined as:whereinThe normalized conductance values of the four electrodes are respectively, as shown in fig. 5, the normalized conductance and the water content have a good linear relation, the curve has good step performance, and water content measurement information can be obtained through the layout.
Claims (3)
1. A four-sector distributed conductance sensor for two-phase flow detection comprises a vertical ascending pipe made of an insulator and four pairs of electrodes fixed on the vertical ascending pipe, wherein each pair of electrodes comprises an excitation electrode E fixed at the upper part of the vertical ascending pipe and a measurement electrode M fixed at the lower part of the vertical ascending pipe, each electrode in the four pairs of electrodes comprises an arc-shaped ring, the curvature of each electrode is consistent with that of the vertical ascending pipe, so that the electrodes can be smoothly embedded into the inner wall surface of the vertical ascending pipe, the four excitation electrodes E are positioned at the same height in the vertical ascending pipe and are uniformly distributed at intervals among each other in a non-continuous circular ring shape, the four measurement electrodes M are positioned in the vertical ascending pipe and are positioned at the same height lower than that of the four excitation electrodes E and are also uniformly distributed at intervals among each other, the electrodes are in a discontinuous circular ring shape, wherein each pair of electrodes are arranged in parallel up and down; each electrode also comprises a section of cylindrical conductor connected to the arc-shaped ring, the cylindrical conductor extends out of the vertical ascending pipe and is used for inputting and outputting signals, and the sensitivity area of each electrode in the vertical ascending pipe is in a sector shape;
a finite element method is adopted for a sensor, a simulation software ANSYS is utilized to establish a four-sector conductivity sensor model, a small ball with the radius of 1mm is placed in the model to simulate the movement of bubbles/oil drops, the sensitivity of the small ball at a certain coordinate is defined as the ratio of the voltage change value of an excitation electrode before and after the small ball is placed at the position to the maximum value of the voltage change value before and after all test positions are traversed, the average sensitivity is the average value of the sensitivity of each coordinate, the sum of the sensitivity values of each coordinate of each radial section of a vertical ascending pipeline is recorded as the total sensitivity, each radial section of the vertical ascending pipeline is uniformly divided into four sectors, the sum of the sensitivity values of each coordinate of the sector where the electrode is located is recorded as the sector sensitivity, the sector sensitivity weight is defined as the ratio of the sum of the sector sensitivity to the total area sensitivity, the larger the, the more sensitive the electrode is, the optimization target of the four-sector conductivity sensor is: the four pairs of electrodes have relatively high sensitivity in their respective regions with minimal disturbance of the electric field between the four pairs of electrodes.
2. The distributed conductance sensor according to claim 1, wherein the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped ring of each electrode is the electrode opening angle, which is in the range of [30 °,85 ° ], the height of the arc-shaped ring of each electrode is the electrode height, which is in the range of [2mm, 4mm ], and the distance between the excitation electrode E and the measurement electrode M in each pair of electrodes is the electrode distance, which is in the range of [3mm, 6mm ].
3. The distributed conductance sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optimal parameters of the four-sector distributed conductance sensor are 45 ° for the opening angle of the electrodes, 4mm for the height of the electrodes, and 4mm for the distance between the electrodes.
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| CN108344436B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2024-02-06 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Two-phase flow measuring device |
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| CN113917181A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-11 | 天津大学 | Spiral liquid film speed measuring sensor and method based on electrolyte tracing method |
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