CN101816814A - 呼吸机面罩及其系统 - Google Patents

呼吸机面罩及其系统 Download PDF

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CN101816814A
CN101816814A CN201010154188A CN201010154188A CN101816814A CN 101816814 A CN101816814 A CN 101816814A CN 201010154188 A CN201010154188 A CN 201010154188A CN 201010154188 A CN201010154188 A CN 201010154188A CN 101816814 A CN101816814 A CN 101816814A
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flow generator
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菲利普·罗德尼·夸克
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    • A61M16/0003Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0015Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
    • A61M2016/0018Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种持续气道正压通气(“CPAP”)或呼吸机系统,所述呼吸机系统包括面罩、气流发生器、以及长度不超过1.5米的气流输送管。该面罩具有:壳体;安置在壳体上的软垫,以密封地将面罩连接于佩戴者脸部,并由此在上述壳体和上述佩戴者脸部之间形成腔室;上述壳体上的进气口,用于接收可吸入气体的气流。上述的气流输送管有效地连接于上述进气口和上述的气流发生器,以通过将可吸入气体从上述的气流发生器输送到上述的进气口而在上述的腔室中产生大约2-40cm水柱的压力。

Description

呼吸机面罩及其系统
本申请是申请日为2004年9月24日、申请号为200480028014.9、发明名称为“呼吸机面罩及其系统”的专利申请的分案申请。
优先权申请的交叉引用
本申请请求保护2003年9月25日提交的美国临时申请号为60/505,718的利益,在此通过引用包含该临时申请的全部内容。
技术领域
本发明涉及呼吸机,例如,包括面罩和气流发生器的持续气道正压通气(“CPAP”)系统,其中气流发生器对于面罩的佩戴者是可安装的。在一个实施例中,本发明提供气流发生器安装于面罩上的持续气道正压通气系统。在其他的实施例中,气流发生器可安置于佩戴者的身体上,例如,胳膊、腿部、胸部或者腰部,并且短的气流输送管可用于连接面罩和气流发生器。
背景技术
持续气道正压通气处置一般用于治疗呼吸道病症,如阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。持续气道正压通气处置的操作程序典型地包括将面罩密封地接合于患者的鼻部和/或口部区域上,并且将加压的空气供给由面罩的内部形成的腔室。在传统的系统中,空气通过典型地放置于患者的床的附近的气流发生器提供给面罩。因此,需要气流输送管将由气流发生器产生的空气输送到面罩。
在使用或者睡眠期间,面罩系统的不稳定性有两个主要原因。正常的患者移动可能引起不稳定性,例如,患者翻转到其侧面,这可能导致面罩与床上用品产生干涉。使用连接于远离患者的仪器的气流输送管的另一个问题是所谓的“管子拉曳”,“管子拉曳”是指作用于气流输送管上的曳力,该气流输送管被拖拉到床的后面或侧面。管子拉曳可能由佩戴者的移动产生或者变得复杂。在持续气道正压通气处置期间,管子拉曳可能在面罩密封装置和患者的脸部之间引起相对运动,并产生泄漏和/或不适。
涉及气流输送管的另一个问题是其长度(通常大约两米或者更长),这可能产生在将压缩空气从气流发生器输送到面罩期间的响应和上升时间的迟滞。由于管子的直径和长度导致的增强的气流阻抗和/或压降也可能需要更大的鼓风电动机以沿着气流输送管补偿压降。
美国专利4,590,951、5,372,130和6,435,184描述了安全应用的面罩。
发明内容
本发明的目的包括着手解决技术中的问题,例如,通过在持续气道正压通气处置期间减小或排除管子拖拉的危险。
本发明的进一步的目的是给佩戴者提供在床上的更大的移动自由度,不危及密封和/或舒适。
本发明的另一个目的包括减小或排除在将压缩空气从发生器输送到面罩期间的响应/上升时间的迟滞。
在一个实施例中,呼吸机或持续气道正压通气系统包括面罩和气流发生器,其中面罩和气流发生器均被配置于佩戴者或配置在佩戴者身体上。在一个实施例中,使面罩成形为适合患者的脸部的结构,并且气流发生器安置在佩戴者的身体上。气流发生器可直接安装到面罩上。
根据一个实施例,持续气道正压系统包括面罩和气流发生器,其中气流发生器被安装在面罩上。
在另外一个实施例中,呼吸机或持续气道正压通气系统包括:
(i)具有可放置于佩戴者的脸部区域之上结构的面罩,该面罩具有:
(1)壳体;
(2)软垫,安置在壳体周边以密封地将面罩连接于佩戴者脸部区域,从而在壳体和佩戴者的脸部之间形成腔室;和
(3)设于壳体上的进气口,用于接收可吸入气体的气流;
(ii)气流发生器,所述的气流发生器被安装在所述的面罩上,并能够在腔室中产生大约2-40cm水柱的压力。
在实施例中,呼吸机或持续气道正压通气系统包括气流发生器,该气流发生器可被定位于充分靠近佩戴者的位置,以便气流输送管长度可短于1.5米。
在一个实施例中,呼吸机或持续气道正压通气系统包括:
具有进气口的面罩,
具有出口的气流发生器,和
至少一根气流输送管,用于将可吸入的气体从气体出口输送到进气口,
其中至少一根气流输送管长度不超过1.5米。至少一根气流输送管可能包括两根或更多根气流输送管,这些气流输送管结合起来的总长不超过1.5米。
在另外一个实施例中,呼吸机或持续气道正压通气系统包括:
(i)面罩,具有
(1)壳体;
(2)软垫,安置在壳体上以密封地将面罩连接于佩戴者脸部的,从而在壳体和佩戴者的脸部之间形成腔室,和;
(3)设于壳体上的进气口,用于接收可吸入气体的气流;
(ii)气流发生器;和
(iii)长度不超过1.5米的气流输送管,该气流输送管功能地连接于进气口和气流发生器,以通过将可吸入气体从气流发生器输送到进气口而在腔室中产生大约2-40cm水柱的压力。
本发明另外的目的、优点和特征在本说明书中阐述,并且在某种程度上,对本技术领域的技术人员而言关于下列的检验将变得显而易见,或者可通过本发明的实施而获知。在本申请中公开的该发明不限于所述目的、优点和特征的任何特定的调整或结合。应该考虑到所述目的、优点和特征的各种结合形成了在本申请中公开的该发明。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的一个实施例的持续气道正压通气系统的立体图;
图2为图1所示持续气道正压通气系统的分解图;
图3为从图1所示的持续气道正压通气系统的内部获得的前视图;
图4为从图1所示的持续气道正压通气系统的外部获得的后视图;
图5为图4所示的持续气道正压通气系统右视图;
图6为图4所示的持续气道正压通气系统的俯视图;
图7为图4所示的持续气道正压通气系统的仰视图;
图8为根据本发明的另外一个实施例的持续气道正压通气系统的仰视图;
图9A图示佩戴图1所示的持续气道正压通气系统的人;
图9B图示本发明的可选择的实施例;
图10A为根据本发明的另外一个实施例,图示佩戴持续气道正压通气系统的人;
图10B为根据本发明的实施例的用于持续气道正压通气系统的气流发生器和电池组的示意图;
图11A为根据本发明的另外一个实施例表示佩戴持续气道正压通气系统的人;和
图11B为根据本发明的一个实施例表示用于持续气道正压通气系统的电池组和头带。
具体实施方式
持续气道正压通气系统包括面罩和气流发生器,其中气流发生器配备给面罩的佩戴者。在一个实施例中,气流发生器被安装于佩戴者的身体上(包括佩戴者的衣服)。在另一个实施例中,气流发生器安装于面罩上或配备给面罩。
图1-11B显示根据本发明的持续气道正压通气系统的数个实施例。
参照图1,持续气道正压通气系统10包括装备有软垫30和壳体46的面罩60,用于形成与佩戴者的气道连通的气体腔室。在这个实施例中,面罩60至少覆盖佩戴者的口部和鼻部区域。然而,面罩60也可能是鼻罩以及,例如,仅仅覆盖鼻部区域或者口部区域。在两个实施例中的任意一个中,优选的是面罩不覆盖或干涉佩戴者的眼睛或视力。面罩可能包括用于CO2气体排出的排气口61,和一个或多个用于将如氧气的补充气体导入到气体腔室的进气口47。进气口61可以用合适的插入物63或类似物覆盖以可控制地排出CO2。在ResMed的美国专利号6,561,190和6,561,191中描述的插入物,每一个都整体并入到此处作为引用。
面罩软垫30优选地由柔软材料(例如,橡胶材料,如硅橡胶弹性体)制成,并且密封地连接与佩戴者的脸部以在佩戴者的脸部和面罩60之间形成气体腔室。壳体可由相对硬的塑料制成,尽管在一些申请中壳体可由如软垫30一样的材料制成。例如,软垫30的示例在转让于ResMed有限公司的美国专利6,513,526中描述的,将其整体并入到此处作为引用。面罩60的商用实例包括,如来自ResMed有限公司的
Figure GSA00000077382300061
完全面罩系列II(不考虑下面更详细描述的调整)。
帽盔连接器50安装在壳体46上。帽盔连接器被设计以容纳帽盔绑带的结构,用于将持续气道正压通气系统10固定于佩戴者的头部(固定带55在图9和图10A中显示)。附接于壳体46的是外延部分72,该外延部分通常配备弹性垫(未显示)以接合佩戴者的前额,并提供额外的稳定性。绑带可配备于外延部分72的每个连接器50,用于与佩戴者的头顶连接。可选择地,或者除此之外,绑带连接器50a可被配备给延伸部分72,以致绑带延伸越过佩戴者的头顶,如图9和10A所示。
在佩戴者的脸部和面罩的内部之间形成的气体腔室通过进气口56(见图2)容纳可吸入气体(例如空气),该进气口被设置在最接近(例如,在上面)佩戴者口部/鼻部区域。可吸入气体由气流发生器20提供。在一个实施例中,由气流发生器20提供的气流在气体腔室内产生在2-40cm水柱的范围内的单一的或可变的压力,例如10-28cm水柱或15-20cm水柱;或相对恒定的10cm水柱等。
参照图2,气流发生器20包括,例如,第一部件90和第二部件80,该两部分通过如穿过孔134和136的螺钉130接合在一起,以形成容纳叶轮120和电动机100的外壳。部件80和90可由各种材料制成,例如硬化的树脂类材料、金属(如铝)、或聚合物,例如,聚烯烃(如聚乙烯或聚丙烯)、聚碳酸酯、或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(“ABS”)。
电动机100驱动叶轮120。电源经由电源线110供给电动机100,并且通过拧紧螺钉132将电动机牢固地固定在叶轮外壳内部。电动机的例子包括,例如,市场上可买到的微型子弹头电动机,如可从加利福尼亚的Servo Magnetics Inc.购买。然而,各种类型的电动机都可以使用,包括例如由压缩空气推动的气压电动机,在这种情况下能源将是微小的空气管路,而不是电脉冲。电动机组件可以包括多电动机或具有多个叶轮、双面叶轮等的单电动机。其他可能的事物包括能够输送指定气压的分流系统。在另一种形式中,例如,如果设置可膨胀的套囊以对如泄漏问题的刺激或判断参数作出反应,可以利用另一个电动机叶轮组件去修正。独立式电动机叶轮可被用于控制面罩相对于脸部或软垫密封装置的型面的位置。
叶轮的例子包括,例如,来自ResMed有限公司的S6持续气道正压通气叶轮。然而,各种各样的叶轮都可使用,诸如轴流式风机、径流式风机、离心式风机等,或能够输送所需的如空气的气流,的任何新技术。
电源线110可从任何适合的电源接收电能,例如,壁装电源插座、壁装变压器、电池组或其他的电源存储介质。在一个实施例中,电源线110包括记录和/或调整从传感器接收的数据的传感器电缆,所述传感器可被安装在面罩内(例如,CO2、O2、湿度、流量和/或温度传感器)。在一个实施例中,传感器的监控经由红外线技术或无线电波发生。可配置控制箱以调整例如电动机速度、两级处理或相对于通过传感器接收的信息的其他参数。其他的实施例可判断泄漏并调整电动机速度,从而相应地输送压力或气流。
电源线110可连接于小的控制器芯片(未显示),该芯片与插入到电源插座的变压器整合在一起。这样在移动的过程中提供了更大的灵活性、佩戴者的移动的自由度和增强的多功能性等。而且,在面罩接合部位有更少的部件、系统的轮廓外形尺寸更小和可能地更大的稳定性。该系统可用于两级处理或普通的通风应用,如压缩空气的大小变化之处。该系统还可提供更快的响应和上升时间,并排除或至少减小与典型地具有2米或更长长度的气流输送管有关的迟滞。从内科医生、商人或临床医生的角度,该系统更容易使用,因为仅有一个部件而不是多个部件需要配备于佩戴者。
另一个实施例提供了改变绑带调整点的能力;通过结合的感觉修正面罩相对于脸部的配合的能力。例如,如果存在由面罩和传感器(如压力传感器67(图4))产生的泄漏所引起的面罩中泄漏的信号指示,则可修正气流发生器压力。还有一个实施例,其中软外壳、套囊或部分面罩密封装置的部件可被修正,以便在某一区域修正密封装置型面直到泄漏被解决为止,并且传感器将提供泄漏结束的反馈至控制箱,然后可控制电动机对反馈作出反应。例如,请查阅ResMed 2002年12月19日提交的美国专利申请号10/332,578,将该专利的全部内容并入到此处作为引用。
面罩系统的传感气流或压力将增加反应时间,具有直接固定于面罩系统内的电动机和叶轮组件将意味着对压力和气流变化的反应时间将是非常快速的;因此,改善了传输的气体至佩戴者的同步性。目前,当患者吸入或有点延迟或迟滞时,气流发生器基本上需要通过安装在气流发生器上的压力传感器来预测。相反,本实施例的一个技术方案允许面罩系统非常快地反应,这给患者提供了极好的气流同步,而这对于治疗患者是非常重要的,尤其是对呼吸衰竭的患者,他们需要非常好地同步的气流发生器气流模式以持续呼吸。
气流发生器20,如第二部件80,用贯穿孔70(仅显示了两个)至孔136(在螺钉130的相对侧)的四个螺钉140(在图2中显示两个)安装在面罩60上。当然,用于将气流发生器固定在全罩式面罩60上的若干其他方法是可行的,诸如使用粘合剂、使用熔化-焊接或通过喷射模塑法整体形成壳体46和第二部件80。另一个实施例还含有容易地将发生器20移出面罩的能力,例如,以便于清洁等。一个或多个快速脱扣的扣钩可用于此目的。
在一个实施例中,如图2所示的实施例,将多孔滤网40(如多孔金属滤网,例如多孔铝滤网)放置在进气口56和气流发生器20之间。滤网将出口85(图3)从气流发生器20分离,并防止可能进入气流发生器的杂质到达佩戴者的口部和面部区域(通过滤网40,图3中所示的气体出口85是可见的)。多孔滤网40还确保比多孔尺寸大的佩戴者的舌头或其他的身体部位不能接触到叶轮120。多孔滤网40的示例包括,例如,网状结构或具有多个小孔的薄板。这种布置也防止任何电动机或叶轮故障,如破损,伤害佩戴者。
图3-7显示了图1和图2所示的持续气道正压通气面罩10的各种视图。图8中描述的另外一个实施例,其中过滤器128安装在气体入口125的前部(气体入口125请见图7)。例如,过滤器128可能是防止灰尘进入叶轮系统的过滤器(例如灰尘过滤器)或多孔滤网。尽管多孔滤网不能防止灰尘进入叶轮系统,但是其有助于避免,例如,佩戴者的手指接触到叶轮120。另外,多孔滤网防止较大的颗粒进入叶轮系统。在一个实施例中,持续气道正压通气系统和/或气流发生器具有灰尘或抗菌过滤器。在另外一个实施例中,持续气道正压通气系统和/或气流发生器没有灰尘或抗菌过滤器。
参照图9A,图1所示的持续气道正压通气系统通过绑带55固定到佩戴者的脸部。用电池组150通过电源线110将电力提供给气流发生器20。电池组150通过绑带160附接到佩戴者的身体上。使用电池组作为电源的优点包括,例如,增强了佩戴者的活动性。仍然在图9B所示的另一个实施例中,给予气流发生器的电力可经由插入在壁装电源插座163中的变压器电源组150′提供。
图10A显示了一个实施例,其中叶轮系统20A没有直接安装在面罩60A上,而是通过绑带160安装在佩戴者的身体上。气流发生器20A的气体出口附接于气流输送管65,该气流输送管通过套节64和耦合管62连接于全罩式面罩60A的气体入口。在一个实施例中,气流输送管65短于1.5米,例如1.0米或0.5米。气流输送管可以是任何直径的或包括低光滑度(low profile)的和/或抗纽结的多个气管,如在2003年8月12日提交的ResMed的美国专利申请号60/494,119中描述的,将该专利的全部内容并入作为引用。电力由电池组150经由电源线110A供给气流发生器20A、电源组或气流发生器还可整合成一个组件。
在一个实施例中,气流发生器20A和电池组150附接到使用扣钩162A和162B(见图10B)的绑带160。当然,这个实施例不限于如此的附加装置系统,并且气流发生器和/或电池组可通过任何合适的方式附接于佩戴者身体(包括衣服)的任何合适的部位。例如,如图11A和11B所描述的,气流发生器20A还可利用,如绑带160A,附接于佩戴者的手臂上。电动机组件,包括叶轮,还可附接于佩戴者身体的气体部分,例如,经由绑带的胸部、肩膀等。
仍然在另一种形式中(未显示),电动机组件可被固定、安装或结合于帽盔系统中,将其用短的管套连接到面罩上。帽盔系统可作为振动阻尼的形式。由于不平衡或者在运动期间,电动机总是振动。将佩戴者隔离这种振动将减小刺激和噪声。由于头部对振动是敏感的,一些形式的电动机和/或叶轮隔离是优选的。可使用减震系统;例如在头部和气流发生器之间的粘弹性的/柔软泡沫的“软垫”将提供一些好处。
在另一个方面,电动机能够配备散热装置以使其具备加温患者呼吸用气体温度的能力,从而改善呼吸舒适度。附加的方面是将能够基于环境条件调节控制温度,例如,利用反馈环路。这些方面可被并入作为任何上述实施例的一部分。
虽然本发明通过示例性的实施例已经描述,但是应该理解在这里使用的词汇是描述性词汇,而不是限制性词汇。所作的改变不脱离实施例的范围和精神。例如,虽然实施例已被描述为涉及持续气道正压通气的应用,但是应该理解此处所描述的特征在普通的通风或与呼吸有关的技术中有应用。另外,该系统可用于儿童和任何年龄段的成年人。

Claims (29)

1.一种呼吸机系统,该系统包括:
面罩,该面罩具有:
壳体;
安置在壳体上的软垫,以密封地将面罩连接于佩戴者脸部,并由此在上述壳体和上述佩戴者脸部之间形成腔室;
上述壳体上的进气口,用于接收可吸入气体的气流;
气流发生器;和
长度不超过1.5米的气流输送管,上述的气流输送管有效地连接于上述进气口和上述的气流发生器,以通过将可吸入气体从上述的气流发生器输送到上述的进气口而在上述的腔室中产生大约2-40cm水柱的压力。
2.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述的气流输送管的长度不超过1米。
3.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,气流输送管是低光滑度和抗纽结的。
4.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,面罩被构造成覆盖佩戴者的鼻部和口部区域的结构。
5.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,面罩被构造成避免阻碍佩戴者的视力的结构。
6.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述的面罩没有灰尘过滤器。
7.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述的气流发生器没有灰尘过滤器。
8.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,面罩被设计成具有接近佩戴者的口部区域的上述的进气口的结构。
9.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述的软垫包括硅橡胶弹性体。
10.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述的气流发生器包括具有叶轮和驱动叶轮的电动机的外壳。
11.按照权利要求10所述的系统,其中,上述的呼吸机系统进一步包括电源线和电源,上述的电源线将上述的电源连接到上述的电动机上。
12.按照权利要求11所述的系统,其中,上述的电源是电池组。
13.按照权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述的气流发生器包括一个或多个绑带或扣钩,用于将气流发生器安装到佩戴者的身体上。
14.一种气道正压通气系统,包括
面罩,其放置于佩戴者的脸部区域之上并且与佩戴者的脸部密封连接,
其中,上述的面罩包括进气口以接收加压可吸入气体,并且上述的进气口连接至管套,
上述的管套连接至提供加压可吸入气体的电动机组件,以及
上述的电动机组件安装在帽盔系统上或帽盔系统中。
15.按照权利要求14所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的帽盔系统包括至少一个绑带。
16.按照权利要求15所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的电动机组件包括气流发生器。
17.按照权利要求16所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的气流发生器包括离心式风机、轴流式风机或径流式风机。
18.按照权利要求17所述的气道正压通气系统,进一步包括:
减小振动和传递的噪声的减震系统,其安装在上述的气流发生器和佩戴者的头部之间。
19.按照权利要求18所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的减震系统包括软垫。
20.按照权利要求19所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的软垫由粘弹性的泡沫或柔软的泡沫制成。
21.一种气道正压通气系统,包括
适于接合佩戴者的脸部并且能够由帽盔系统定位的面罩,其中上述的面罩与一管气体连通并连接至该管,上述的管与气流发生器气体连通,气流发生器向佩戴者提供加压可吸入气体的气流,并且所述气流发生器通过附加装置附接至佩戴者的身体的一部分。
22.按照权利要求21所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的附加装置包括绑带。
23.按照权利要求22所述的气道正压通气系统,进一步包括:
电池,其中上述的电池向上述的气流发生器供电。
24.按照权利要求23所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的电池利用上述的附加装置附接至佩戴者。
25.按照权利要求24所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的帽盔系统包括上述的绑带。
26.按照权利要求22所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的绑带适于接合佩戴者的腰部。
27.按照权利要求22所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的绑带适于接合佩戴者的胳膊。
28.按照权利要求22所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的绑带适于接合佩戴者的肩膀。
29.按照权利要求22所述的气道正压通气系统,其中,上述的绑带适于接合佩戴者的胸部。
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US20140360504A1 (en) 2014-12-11
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