CN101816230A - Method for producing super-dry rice seeds - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing super-dry rice seeds. The rice seeds with the water content of less than or equal to 15 percent are used as materials, and the rice seeds are heated and dried at the high temperature to obtain the super-dry rice seeds; the water content of the super-dry rice seeds is less than or equal to 5 to 7 percent; and the high-temperature heating and drying is thermostatic heating at the temperature of between 45 and 80 DEG C or continuous variable temperature heating and drying at the gradual rising temperature of between 45 and 80 DEG C or heating and drying at different temperatures of two stages. According to the method for producing the super-dry rice seeds, the lowest water content of the produced super-dry rice seeds can be below 5 percent, but the viability of the super-dry rice seeds is not obviously affected; and the production cost is low, and the rice seeds can be air-tightly stored for long time under the room temperature condition, but the germination percentage is not obviously reduced. The method also can reduce regulation and maintenance operations such as storage clearance, sterilization, ventilation, pest control, mildew resistance and the like and the storage cost so that the storage operation of the seeds is half done.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of super-dry rice seeds, belong to crop seeds production and storage art.
Background technology
Rice paddy seed has certain age limit, results after dry naturally or manually the rice paddy seed of heating, drying [water content is about the 13%(long-grained nonglutinous rice) or 14.5%(japonica rice), (following all is example with the long-grained nonglutinous rice)] under the conventional holding conditions of room temperature, increase along with storage time, the vitality of seed rice just descends gradually, and germination rate reduces gradually.Usually under normal condition, preserve more than 1 year, germination rate just will be lower than 80%[Hu Jin etc., the storing property of hybrid rice and three line seed thereof and Physiology and biochemistry change, I. the variation of water content and vigor during the different in moisture seed storage, seed, 1988, (1): 11-18], and seed germination is irregular, and no longer is suitable for agricultural planting production.So rice paddy seed should not at room temperature conventional for a long time storage.The peasant generally is no more than 1 year the time of reserving seed for planting when the conventional rice of plantation, and during the plantation hybrid rice, then needs the annual hybrid rice seed of buying new production.Organize the enterprise of production and selling rice paddy seed to need the production of hybrid seeds every year, and outmoded seed can only transfer commodity food to.This has just strengthened the producing and selling and the use cost of rice paddy seed.When production of hybrid seeds production suffers agricultural disaster, just may influence the seed supply of next year, thereby grain security is threatened.Therefore, if can in agricultural production, carry out the storage of long term and the vitality of maintenance seed, will have very important economy and social effect to rice paddy seed.
Super-dry rice seeds is that the water content with ripe rice paddy seed is reduced to ultralow water content (5-7%) seed below the common safe water content lower limit, to reach airtight storage under normal temperature condition, keeps the purpose of seed vigor for a long time.According to the Harrington rule of thumb, seed moisture content in the 5%-14% scope, 1 percentage point of the every reduction of water content, the life-span of seed just can prolong one times of (HarringtonJE.BiochemicalBasisofSeedLongevity.SeedSci﹠amp; Technol, 1973,1:453-461).Using water content is that about 6% super dry seeds is preserved, and is that about 12% seed is compared with using water content, can prolong storage time in theory and reach tens of times (2
6=32).Preserve research field at seed, the effect that can obviously prolong seed longevity when super dry seeds having been preserved at ambient temperature at present obtains common recognition, and super dry seeds also becomes one of method of quality saving mechanism long term storage seed.
But because rice paddy seed belongs to the starch based seed, its Main Ingredients and Appearance starch is a kind of hydroaropic substance, dries or about 43 ℃ the very difficult water content with it of methods such as the oven dry of heating drops to enough and hangs down to obtain super dry seeds with conventional.If improve bake out temperature in order to improve drying efficiency, will make seed be subjected to fire damage, have a strong impact on its vitality, so it is generally acknowledged not feasible.Therefore up to the present, super-dry rice seeds can only or use the method for desiccant dryings such as silica gel, quicklime to obtain by known freeze drying.But, the cost of known freeze-drying and desiccant seasoning is all quite high, can only handle small quantities of seed, and it is loaded down with trivial details during operating cost, can't be used for the production practices of super-dry rice seeds at all on a large scale, have only germ plasm resource to preserve mechanism and when preserving small quantities of seed, use with some related experiment chambers.Therefore, significant though super-dry rice seeds can prolong storage time significantly, in agricultural production, there is not the production method of super-dry rice seeds to occur and application yet at present.
Summary of the invention
All can't be used to produce in enormous quantities the problem of super-dry rice seeds realistically at existing known technology, the invention provides a kind of super-dry rice seeds production method, cost is lower and storage time is longer, can be in agricultural production large-scale application.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Rice paddy seed with water content≤15% is a material, carries out the high temperature heat drying, obtains super-dry rice seeds, is packaged at last in airtight fully the packing jar or packaging bag, stores down in room temperature condition; Described super-dry rice seeds water content is 5%-7% and following; Described high temperature heat drying is heated at constant temperature or the continuous alternating temperature heat drying process that raises gradually in 45 ℃ to 80 ℃ temperature ranges or adopt the heat drying of two stage different temperatures under 45 ℃ of-80 ℃ of conditions; Described two stage different temperatures are respectively 45 ℃-60 ℃, 60 ℃-80 ℃.Carry out airtight package behind the described heat drying immediately, seed packaging work can be used automatic, automanual filling equipment, also can hand-filling; Packaging material can use airtight metal or nonmetallic vessel, also can use the packaging bag that certain thickness various plastic film or aluminium foil-the plastic film composite is made.
Wherein said rice paddy seed is for gathering in the recent period and the dry seeds of processing routinely or just gathered in the crops treated bright seed; Described dry seeds, its germination rate reaches more than 85%, and storage time is no more than 6 months; Described bright seed then is dried to water content≤15% according to a conventional method, and carries out the necessary impurity elimination of cleaning and handle.
Described two stage different temperatures heat drying, behind the phase I heat drying, make the water content of rice paddy seed be reduced to 8.5%-10.0% and following, enter the drying steps of second stage again.
The heat drying of described two stage different temperatures, wherein phase I and second stage are heated at constant temperature, or first from lower temperature in 45 ℃-60 ℃, 60 ℃-80 ℃ of temperature ranges respectively, in drying course, improve the alternating temperature heat drying of temperature then gradually.
In order to realize above technical scheme, the present invention is to dry through routine or lower temperature (as 43 ℃) oven dry, water content is about 13% (≤15%), the rice paddy seed that seed vitality is good, carry out the heat drying step of two different temperatures scopes successively and (can only in 45-60 ℃ temperature range, carry out disposable drying, also can carry out disposable drying) in the temperature that is higher than 60 ℃, obtaining water content is 5%-7% and following, germination rate meets the storage tolerance super-dry rice seeds of national standard, be packaged at last in airtight fully the packing jar or packaging bag, store down in room temperature condition.Detailed process is as follows:
Seed material and check:
The used rice paddy seed of the present invention can be to gather in the recent period and through the common rice dry seeds that routine is processed, also can be just to have gathered in the crops undressed bright seeds.The common rice dry seeds is meant seed results after water content≤15% after Exposure to Sunlight or 43 ℃ of conventional dryings such as the oven dry processing, rice paddy seed generally≤13%, and the necessary impurity elimination of cleaning of process is handled, other indexs except that water content should meet national standard or other relevant criterion as purity, cleanliness etc.Before carrying out scheme processing provided by the invention, seed vitality is good, and germination rate should be able to reach more than 85%, and storage time generally should preferably be no more than 6 months (the long storage time requires lower water content, as≤12%) less than 3 months.Bright seed for firm results then is dried to water content≤15% according to a conventional method, and carries out necessary impurity elimination processing and the germination test of cleaning, and makes seed other indexs except water content meet national standard or other relevant criterion, and seed vitality is good.
Because the semilate rice cultivation and production is made in the paddy rice production of hybrid seeds more, harvest time is in the 8-9 month, preserve producing used dry seeds short-term, can conveniently super dried production work be arranged in surrounding air humidity carries out lower autumn and winter, help the flexible arrangement of production work, also help making full use of and energy-conservation production of equipment simultaneously.
The high temperature heat drying:
The purpose of high temperature heat drying is under the prerequisite of not damaging rice paddy seed, makes the water content of dry seeds further be reduced to 5-7% and following.The baking temperature scope of using is higher than conventional seed drying temperature, is 45-80 ℃.Can be directly with dry seeds with single baking temperature, carry out drying as direct hot blast and handle with 45-80 ℃.But the heating and drying method of this single temperature is not ideal enough, if used temperature is low then energy consumption cost is higher; If used temperature is higher, then may injure seed.The method of drying stage that dry run is divided into two different temperatures scopes is even more ideal.
The purpose in first heat drying stage is further to reduce the water content of rice paddy seed, thereby significantly improves the tolerance of seed to high temperature, so that use higher baking temperature to obtain super dry seeds in second stage.The hot air temperature that the heat drying production in this stage is used is controlled at below 60 ℃.Can be heated at constant temperature, also can be the alternating temperature heat drying that begins to improve gradually then temperature earlier from lower temperature drying course, can be heat drying, also can be used in combination other drying means such as Exposure to Sunlight.Can use the layering drying equipment when dry, or drying equipment in batches, or various existing seed drying production equipments such as continuous flowing type drying equipment.May need existing device is transformed a little, to improve the temperature range of its work.Behind the phase I heat drying, make the water content of rice paddy seed be reduced to the high temperature resistant critical point of 8.5%-10% and following, enter the heat drying step of second higher temperature scope.
Through the phase I heat drying, the water content of seed is reduced to below the high temperature resistant critical point, the tolerance of high temperature is significantly improved, thereby can use higher baking temperature in second stage, thereby can obtain super-dry rice seeds efficient, energy-conservationly.The same phase I of drying equipment of using, the hot air temperature scope of use is controlled in 60 ℃-80 ℃, can be heated at constant temperature, also can be to use lower temperature to improve the alternating temperature heat drying of temperature more gradually earlier.Through the heat drying second time, the water content of rice paddy seed is dropped to below 7%, obtaining water content is 5%-7% and the storage tolerance super-dry rice seeds following, that germination rate meets national standard.Through the good rice varieties of experiment confirm dry tolerance, as some long-grained nonglutinous rices, indica hybrid rice etc., can be dried to water content and be lower than 5%, but can not be lower than its super dried water content lower limit (being about 4.3-4.5% usually), in order to avoid seed is caused super dried damage and influences its germination rate.
Two stages of above-mentioned heat drying also can be merged into the alternating temperature heat drying process that a continuous temperature raises gradually.
Seed packaging:
Handle the super-dry rice seeds that obtains through above-mentioned hyperthermia drying and should carry out airtight package immediately, in order to avoid super dry seeds moisture absorption from air is returned wet and water content is increased.Seed packaging work can be used automatic, automanual filling equipment, also can hand-filling.Packaging material can use airtight metal or nonmetallic vessel, also can use the packaging bag that certain thickness various plastic film or aluminium foil/the plastic film composite is made, with effective isolation aqueous vapor.Long term storage at ambient temperature then.Super solid carbon dioxide rice opened the package at seeding time in 3-7 days in advance, seed was spread out be exposed in the air, and returning under field conditions (factors) soaks seed to wait to sprout after wet again handles, can effectively avoid super dry seeds when seed soaking because of the quick injury that absorbs water and cause.Can be as required in processing and storage, the fixed time testing seed quality, whether the monitoring seed meets national standard or other correlation standard.
Principle of the present invention is based on the different rule of rice paddy seed high-temperature stability of different moisture content.The rice paddy seed water content of new results undried usually is higher than 20%, even be higher than 25%, during in baking temperature＞43 ℃, be subjected to fire damage easily and cause vitality and germination rate to reduce, so the general hot-air that is no more than 43 ℃ that uses of existing paddy rice drying technology carries out heat drying.When seed moisture content was reduced to 13% left and right sides, the seed rice heat-resisting ability increased, and can stand 70-80 ℃ high temperature the short time and not obvious its germination rate that influences.Therefore to use the rice paddy seed through preliminarily dried be material in the present invention, can use and be higher than 43 ℃ conventional baking temperature, scope is 45-80 ℃, through drying or the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed of 43 ℃ of oven dry carries out further dry and do not injure seed, is the super solid carbon dioxide rice of 5-7% thereby obtain water content to.From the cost and the energy-conservation angle of drying, bake out temperature is high more, and then to carry the ability of water vapour strong more for dry gas stream, and the oven dry cost is low more, energy-conservation more, and the hot blast temperature when improving oven dry just can reduce the energy consumption of oven dry production.But, use single bake out temperature, if temperature is lower, as 45-60 ℃, then Hong Gan efficient is not high enough, and if with directly with higher baking temperature, for example more than 60 ℃, then still there is the risk that rice paddy seed is damaged, particularly causes potential injury, finally influence the storage life of seed.Therefore, the present invention is again according to another principle, also be key principle of the present invention: when the rice paddy seed water content further reduces, it is different because of different rice varieties particularly to be reduced to 8.5%-10%() and when following, the rice paddy seed heat-resisting ability will have significantly and improve, and can stand that 80 ℃ of high temperature reached more than 12 hours and germination rate, germination vigor etc. have no significant change.Therefore can be earlier that about 13% LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed material is dry under 45-60 ℃ hot blast temperature with water content, seed moisture content is reduced to below the high temperature resistant critical point of 8.5%-10%, just can adopt the temperature (60-80 ℃) far above routine then is the dry efficiently again processing of safety to rice paddy seed, obtains to meet the super-dry rice seeds of national standard and other relevant criterion.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
The production method of super-dry rice seeds of the present invention, the super-dry rice seeds water content of producing is minimum can be low to moderate below 5% and not obvious its vitality that influences, and production cost is far below the freeze-drying and the desiccant seasoning that can only be applicable to that small lot is handled, and can make rice paddy seed airtight storage long period and germination rate does not have obvious reduction at ambient temperature.And because super dry seeds adopts airtight fully storage packing, can also reduce the warehouse and bring down stocks, sterilize, ventilate, control regulation and the maintenance work and the costs of storage such as worm, mildew-resistant, the storage work of seed is got twice the result with half the effort.Production work can be received the harvest season in paddy rice and carried out, and also can carry out after a period of time after the results, helps arranging production flexibly, makes full use of production equipment, and helps cutting down the consumption of energy.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the production method of super-dry rice seeds may further comprise the steps successively:
1) seed testing: the rice paddy seed water content is 12.8%.Handle through the necessary impurity elimination of cleaning, 2 months time of storage, through check, germination rate is 96%.
2) heat drying: use seed heat drying production equipment.The dry hot air temperature that uses of producing is controlled to be 55 ℃, makes the paddy rice water content be reduced to 6.8%.Through check, the super dry seeds germination rate of gained is 95%.
3) packing: after drying is finished, pack immediately and seal.Packaging bag is aluminium foil/film composite material, also can use closed container.
4) storage: room temperature storage.
Embodiment 2: the production method of super-dry rice seeds may further comprise the steps successively:
1) seed testing: the rice paddy seed water content is 12.8%.Handle 2 months time of storage through the necessary impurity elimination of cleaning.Through check, germination rate is 96%.
2) heat drying for the first time: use seed heat drying production equipment.The dry hot air temperature that uses of producing is controlled to be 53 ℃, through the heat drying first time, the water content of rice paddy seed is reduced to below 9.5%;
3) heat drying for the second time: carry out the heat drying second time immediately after heat drying is finished for the first time, also can guarantee that dried seed moisture content for the first time is not higher than because of the moisture absorption under 9.5% the prerequisite, certain interval of time carries out after (a few hours were to tens of hours) again.The dry for the second time hot air temperature of producing use is controlled to be 60 ℃, makes the paddy rice water content be reduced to 6.5%.Through check, the super dry seeds germination rate of gained is 96%.
4) packing: after drying is finished for the second time, pack immediately and seal.Packaging bag is aluminium foil/film composite material, also can use closed container.
5) storage: room temperature storage.
Embodiment 3: the production method of super-dry rice seeds may further comprise the steps successively:
1) seed material: the rice paddy seed of firm results, water content＞20%.
2) preliminary treatment: drying naturally or 43 ℃ of heat dryings, to water content≤15%, and carry out the necessary impurity elimination of cleaning and handle, is 94% through the check germination rate.
3) heat drying for the first time: use seed heat drying production equipment.The dry hot air temperature that uses of producing is controlled to be 55 ℃.Through the heat drying first time, the water content of rice paddy seed is reduced to below 9.5%.
4) heat drying for the second time: carry out the heat drying second time immediately after heat drying is finished for the first time, also can guarantee that dried seed moisture content for the first time is not higher than because of the moisture absorption under 9.5% the prerequisite, certain interval of time carries out after (a few hours were to tens of hours) again.The dry for the second time hot air temperature of producing use is controlled to be 68 ℃, makes the paddy rice water content be reduced to 6.0%.Through check, the super dry seeds germination rate of gained is 94%.
5) packing: after drying is finished for the second time, pack immediately and seal.Packaging bag is aluminium foil/film composite material, also can use closed container etc.
6) storage: room temperature storage.
Embodiment 4: the production method of super-dry rice seeds may further comprise the steps successively:
1) seed material check: the rice paddy seed water content is 11.8%.Handle through the necessary impurity elimination of cleaning, the time of results back storage is 4 months.Germination rate is 97%
2) heat drying for the first time: use seed heat drying production equipment.The dry hot air temperature that uses of producing is initially 48 ℃, per hour raises 2 ℃ then, is reduced to below 9.5% with the water content of 55 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature to rice paddy seed at last.
3) heat drying for the second time: carry out heat drying second time immediately after heat drying is finished for the first time, also can guarantee that certain interval of time carries out after (extremely tens of hours a few hours) under the nonhygroscopic prerequisite of dried seed for the first time again.The dry for the second time hot air temperature of producing use is initially 55 ℃, per hour raises 3 ℃ then, uses 73 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature at last, is reduced to 5.0% up to seed moisture content.Through check, the super dry seeds germination rate of gained is 95%.
4) packing: after drying is finished for the second time, pack immediately and seal.Packaging bag is aluminium foil/film composite material.
5) storage: room temperature storage.
Embodiment 5: the production method of super-dry rice seeds may further comprise the steps successively:
1) seed material check: the rice paddy seed water content is 12.2%.Handle through cleaning impurity elimination, the time of results back storage is 3 months.Through the check germination rate is 96%
2) continuous alternating temperature drying: dry hot-air initial temperature of producing use is 48 ℃, carries out the alternating temperature drying by 2 ℃/hour heating rates, and maximum temperature is no more than 80 ℃, and the water content that is dried to rice paddy seed is reduced to 5.0%.Through check, the super dry seeds germination rate of gained is 95%
3) packing: after drying is finished, pack immediately and seal.Packaging bag is aluminium foil/film composite material.
4) storage: room temperature storage.
What more than enumerate only is 5 specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion and parameter combinations can also be arranged.Those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate other form of distortion from content disclosed by the invention.
Claims (7)
1. the production method of a super-dry rice seeds, it is characterized in that: the rice paddy seed with water content≤15% is a material, carries out the high temperature heat drying, obtains super-dry rice seeds, be packaged at last in airtight fully the packing jar or packaging bag, store down in room temperature condition; Described high temperature heat drying is heated at constant temperature or the continuous alternating temperature heat drying process that raises gradually in 45 ℃ to 80 ℃ temperature ranges or adopt the heat drying of two stage different temperatures under 45 ℃ of-80 ℃ of conditions; Described two stage different temperatures are respectively 45 ℃-60 ℃, 60 ℃-80 ℃.
2. the production method of super-dry rice seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described rice paddy seed is for gathering in the recent period and the dry seeds of processing routinely or just gathered in the crops treated bright seed.
3. the production method of super-dry rice seeds according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described dry seeds, and its germination rate reaches more than 85%, and storage time is no more than 6 months; Described bright seed then is dried to water content≤15% according to a conventional method, and carries out the necessary impurity elimination of cleaning and handle.
4. the production method of super-dry rice seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described super-dry rice seeds water content is 5%-7% and following.
5. the production method of super-dry rice seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: carry out airtight package behind the described heat drying immediately, seed packaging work can be used automatic, automanual filling equipment, also can hand-filling; Packaging material can use airtight metal or nonmetallic vessel, also can use the packaging bag that certain thickness various plastic film or aluminium foil-the plastic film composite is made.
6. the production method of super-dry rice seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described two stage different temperatures heat drying, behind the phase I heat drying, make the water content of rice paddy seed be reduced to 8.5%-10.0% and following, enter the drying steps of second stage again.
7. according to the production method of claim 1 or 6 described super-dry rice seeds, it is characterized in that: the heat drying of described two stage different temperatures, wherein phase I and second stage are heated at constant temperature, or first from lower temperature in 45 ℃-60 ℃, 60 ℃-80 ℃ of temperature ranges respectively, in drying course, improve the alternating temperature heat drying of temperature then gradually.
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| CN102484959A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-06 | 张黎华 | Preservation cultivation method for plant seed and crop seed |
| CN103548506A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-02-05 | 江西赣粮实业有限公司 | Processing method of rice seeds |
| CN103843535A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-06-11 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | Preserving method of barley seeds/wheat seeds |
| CN104115628A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-29 | 东北林业大学 | New technology for processing and storing Korean pine seeds |
| CN105746038A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-13 | 周利 | New processing method of rice foundation seeds |
| CN107865079A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-03 | 蚌埠市禹会区马城胡本号家庭农场 | A kind of method for extending rice storage phase |
| CN108738733A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 天津农学院 | A kind of method of Rice Germplasm Resources long-term preservation |
| CN112514751A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Long-term storage and recovery method of cassava crossbreeding capsule |
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| CN102484959A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-06 | 张黎华 | Preservation cultivation method for plant seed and crop seed |
| CN104115628A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-29 | 东北林业大学 | New technology for processing and storing Korean pine seeds |
| CN103548506A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-02-05 | 江西赣粮实业有限公司 | Processing method of rice seeds |
| CN103843535A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-06-11 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | Preserving method of barley seeds/wheat seeds |
| CN103843535B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-03-30 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of store method of Wheat And Barley seed |
| CN105746038A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-13 | 周利 | New processing method of rice foundation seeds |
| CN107865079A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-03 | 蚌埠市禹会区马城胡本号家庭农场 | A kind of method for extending rice storage phase |
| CN108738733A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 天津农学院 | A kind of method of Rice Germplasm Resources long-term preservation |
| CN112514751A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Long-term storage and recovery method of cassava crossbreeding capsule |
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