CN101814765A - Power supply control system of bidirectional electric automobile charger - Google Patents
Power supply control system of bidirectional electric automobile charger Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a digital control system of a great-power bidirectional electric automobile charger system converter, belonging to the technical field of electric automobile chargers. The control system adopts a structure of matching a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) with a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) and combines the stronger data operational capability of the DSP, the high integration of the PLD and the repeated programming property of hardware, thereby making the structure of the controller hardware compact and greatly improving versatility, reliability and real-time property. The controller charger proposed by the invention can charge various batteries to reach a fully charged state at a higher speed without influencing the service life of the batteries and is convenient to adopt various intelligent charging strategies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to charging electric vehicle machine technology field, in particular to a kind of two-way high-power charger power control system of used for electric vehicle that adopts digital signal processor.
Background technology
Automobile give human life bring convenient comfortable in, also consumed a large amount of petroleum resources, discharging waste gas, manufacturing noise, natural ecological environment and mankind itself's health have also been brought the negative effect that can't avoid.At present, along with the growing interest of countries in the world to Vehicle Emission Control, energy problem, cleaning, environmental protection, energy-conservation electric automobile have become the focus of world car industrial development.According to the national conditions of China, the development electric automobile is extremely urgent especially.Electric automobile is as the term suggests be exactly to be the automobile of all or part of power source with battery mainly.Restriction ev industry development at present mainly contains two aspects: the one, and battery itself, the 2nd, charging modes.The charging electric vehicle machine is as the necessary means of battery charge, and its performance quality and complex process degree direct influence are to the useful life of battery and the popularization of electric automobile.
Charger is an important step in the vehicle electric system, and the charger control system is served as core cell in whole charger system effect, and control system platform direct relation accuracy, reliability, and the response speed of whole energy-storage system.In the prior art, charger power is less, and all be to electric automobile or the unidirectional charging of battery, popularizing and widely applying along with electric automobile, electric automobile can be used as the distributed energy storage device of electrical network, during the paddy electricity to charging electric vehicle, during the peak electricity, electrical network is carried out peak regulation, so-called V2G (v to Grid) notion that Here it is, the V2G technology has further proposed to carry out the requirement that the electric energy two-way flow is controlled to charger, and existing unidirectional small-power charger all can't satisfy this requirement.
As the core of charging electric vehicle machine, present existing charge controller, its control procedure great majority are based on analog, and its control structure all is a centralized control structure.Each subsystem boundary of traditional charger is unintelligible, complex structure, blocking degree are very low.It is abominable that it uses electromagnetic environment, and the serious interference of various high-frequency signals is easy to cause micro-processor controlled charger to break down.In the past, often use analog signal to carry out signal transmission between each sub-control system.Various interference signals are sneaked in the analog signal, are easy to cause the fault of control system, and its structure and processing procedure can not be applicable to the requirement of distributed control and the requirement of overall process digital processing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of numerical control system of great power bidirectional charging system for electric automobile converter, this control system adopts digital signal processor to cooperate structure and performance of programmable logic device, the data operation ability that digital signal processor is stronger and high integration, the hardware overprogram of programmable logic device combine, make the controller hardware compact conformation, its versatility, reliability and real-time all improve a lot.Adopt the present invention to propose the controller charger and can use various batteries to be issued to full state in higher speed, the not serious again life-span that influences storage battery, and be convenient to adopt various intelligent charge strategies.
The present invention proposes a kind of power control system that is used for the charging electric vehicle machine, it comprises digital signal processor DSP, programmable logic device, peripheral analog signal sampling processing device, communication device and protective circuit based on the great power bidirectional charging electric vehicle power supply and the system controller of digital signal processing chip control; Described digital signal processor DSP is changed by A/D, the voltage and current signal that collects is delivered in the digital signal processor DSP chip, digital signal processor DSP carries out closed-loop control by software algorithm to the electric current and the voltage of electric power main circuit, produce the needed switch function of each switching device, produce the pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform that needs, signal is carried out processing such as dead band adjustment by complex programmable logic device (CPLD), break-make through drive circuit power controlling device, the conducting of control insulated gate bipolar power tube IGBT switching tube, the time of closing, to reach control electric power main circuit output voltage, the purpose of electric current, thereby the function of the system of realization; Simultaneously described protective circuit detects the voltage and current of power control system each several part, and whether temperature is in normal scope, in case exceed normal range (NR), then feed back to the digital signal processor DSP fault-signal, with timely blockade drive signal, guarantee the normal operation of circuit, the data operation ability that digital signal processor DSP is stronger and high integration, the hardware overprogram of complex programmable logic device (CPLD) combine, and make the controller hardware compact conformation; The function of described peripheral analog signal sampling processing device is analog-to-digital conversion and transmission pulse width modulated pwm signal, status signal and the measuring-signal of overcurrent protection and indication, current/voltage and temperature sensor, described dsp controller carries out communication by described communication device, and communication interface is not open to the user; Described system administration manager realizes in host computer that usually the communication of dsp controller and host computer is to realize with controller local area network CAN or asynchronous serial communication mode.
Wherein, adopt digital signal processor DSP as its acp chip, according to the reference current of setting, the actual current of magnitude of voltage and sampling gained, magnitude of voltage, error signal between measured value and the fiducial value is carried out proportional integral PI computing, obtain the Voltage Feedback value, compare output pulse width modulation (PWM) signal by this Voltage Feedback value as modulating wave and carrier wave, control IGBT, to realize the control of charging end voltage and current, DSP changes by A/D, the voltage and current signal that collects is delivered in the dsp chip, DSP carries out closed-loop control by software algorithm to the current/voltage of main circuit, produce the needed switch function of each switching device, produce the PWM waveform that needs by the EV module, signal is carried out processing such as dead band adjustment by CPLD, break-make through drive circuit power controlling device, the conducting of control IGBT switching tube, the time of closing is to reach control main circuit output voltage, the purpose of electric current, thereby the function of the system of realization; Whether the voltage and current of protective circuit detection system each several part simultaneously, and temperature in normal scope, in case exceed normal range (NR), then feeds back to the DSP fault-signal, with timely blockade drive signal, guarantees the normal operation of circuit.
Wherein, communicate by controller local area network CAN2.0 controller and host computer; to obtain the charger power-on command; reference voltage and current value in emergency shutdown instruction and the charging process; and the quantity of state in the charging process is delivered on the controller local area network CAN bus in real time and transfers to host computer PC show; unified controller local area network CAN makes power control system have network communication; the ability of management and monitoring; by controller local area network CAN bus; controller can be realized the opening and closing of convertor equipment by the PC control order; also can respond the host computer request, give host computer the data upload in the unsteady flow process.
Wherein, finish communicating by letter of slave computer and control panel, for the site operation personnel obtains various charge parameters and the instruction of charging open and close machine provides operation interface by the RS-485 bus.
The advantage of the dynamo-electric source control system of charging electric vehicle of the present invention has:
1. adopt digital signal processing chip to replace traditional analog chip, designed the controller of digitlization charger, overcome too much, the shortcomings such as circuit reliability is poor, circuit complexity of discrete component as processor.
2. make full use of the inner integrated aboundresources of dsp processor, improved bus structures, operating frequency height, instruction cycle weak point and powerful characteristics such as Digital Signal Processing function; make digital processing system aspect Based Intelligent Control, have outstanding advantage; generated the pwm waveform of finite both; and have functions such as protection, man-machine interaction, and realized the communication function based on the CAN bus of charger and electric motor car Full Vehicle System.
3. worked out based on C Programming with Pascal Language system controlling software, not only had very high readability and portable, and had high-speed data processing and dynamic adjustment function, very high real-time and good controlled function have been arranged.Realized the specialized and intelligent of Control Software.
4. according to the circuit model parameter of charging electric motor vehicles machine and the load characteristic of used for electric vehicle electrokinetic cell, corresponding digital sampling, filtering algorithm and Digital PID Controller have been designed.The experimental result proof system has higher degree of regulation and response speed, can satisfy the complicated charging requirement of different dynamic battery.
Description of drawings
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is charger entire system structured flowchart among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is digital control unit hardware elementary diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is software system structure block diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is charging control interrupt service routine block diagram among the present invention.
Embodiment
1. hardware control system structure:
In fact the dynamo-electric source of charging electric vehicle is exactly a kind of Switching Power Supply, form by power transforming main circuit and control loop two parts, its system architecture diagram as shown in Figure 1, entire system partly is made up of AC/DC unsteady flow module, DC/DC unsteady flow module, control system etc.AC/DC unsteady flow module adopts the identical multi-functional converter module of topological structure with DC/DC unsteady flow module, and multi-functional converter module main circuit is the three phase full bridge structure, by software setting, and the constructible AC/DC of multifunction module, DC/DC current transformer.Multi-functional unsteady flow module comprises IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) module, two parts of digitial controller.The IGBT module is the main carrier of Power Conversion, comprises that mainly IGBT main circuit, drive circuit, protective circuit, operative sensor, buffer circuit, electric capacity absorb parts such as circuit.Universal digital controller is the main carrier of multi-functional unsteady flow module controls and communication function, AC/DC, DC/DC converter module are as the identical and relatively independent unit of structure, managed by identical two controllers of hardware configuration, controller is realized the control of AC/DC, DC/DC unsteady flow mode by the different software algorithm.High frequency switch power mainly is made up of AC network filter circuit, input rectifying filter circuit, pass inverter, high frequency transformer, output rectifier filter, control circuit, protection actuating circuit, accessory power supply, detection, observation circuit several sections.Its basic principle is: AC-input voltage obtains certain direct voltage behind electrical network filtering, rectifying and wave-filtering, by high-frequency converter IGBT module dc voltage conversion is become high-frequency ac voltage again, isolate transformation through high frequency transformer then, export required high-frequency ac voltage, pass through output rectifier and filter at last, obtain the high-quality direct voltage that needs.
The control principle of control circuit is to regulate by the inversion PWM (pulse-width modulation) partly to main circuit, and the conducting of control IGBT switching tube, the time of closing are with the voltage that reaches control main circuit output, the size of electric current.
The hardware control circuit block diagram comprises digital signal processor, programmable logic device, peripheral analog signal sampling processing device, communication device and protective circuit composition as shown in Figure 2; Control circuit adopts the DSP digital control approach, selects for use digital processing chip as the control core, has than the hard real time control ability; Can be easy to produce asymmetric, symmetry or space vector PWM waveform, contain the dead band and produce and dispensing unit, maskable power or drive that protection is interrupted and functions such as capture unit; The present invention adopts programmable logic device that the I/O of DSP is configured, the pwm signal that DSP is produced carries out dead band adjustment and Based Intelligent Control simultaneously, and outside simultaneously fault-signal is also at first through programmable logic device conditioning and Filtering Processing, then deliver among the DSP, reduce the DSP resource occupation.
The control circuit operation principle is as described below: DSP changes by A/D, the voltage and current signal that collects is delivered in the dsp chip, DSP carries out closed-loop control by software algorithm to the current/voltage of main circuit, produce the needed switch function of each switching device, produce the PWM waveform that needs by the EV module, signal is carried out processing such as dead band adjustment by CPLD, break-make through drive circuit power controlling device, the conducting of control IGBT switching tube, the time of closing, reaching the purpose of control main circuit output voltage, electric current, thus the function of the system of realization; Whether the voltage and current of protective circuit detection system each several part simultaneously, and temperature in normal scope, in case exceed normal range (NR), then feeds back to the DSP fault-signal, with timely blockade drive signal, guarantees the normal operation of circuit.
In the course of the work, the anti-interference of communication, reliability requirement height between host computer and the numerical control system, and transmission range is far away, and we select the CAN bus communication for use at this.Unified CAN communications protocol makes whole system possess certain extended capability, can link to each other with computer, makes system have the ability of network communication, management, monitoring.By the CAN bus, digital processing unit may by the PC control order realize convertor equipment unlatching, close and Current Control, also can respond the host computer request, give host computer with the data upload in the unsteady flow process.
2. the program structure of control unit:
The software design of charger control system has crucial effects as the main part of The whole control system, is the core link of control.Fig. 3 is an AC/DC two way convertor software control block diagram, and control program mainly comprises sampling routine unit, sampled data handling procedure unit, zero crossing trace routine unit, phase angle converter unit, clarke numerical transformation unit, park numerical transformation unit, PI algorithm routine unit, space vector algorithm unit, PWM converter unit supervisor composition.Program adopts the space vector control algolithm, and computational process is as follows: the A phase voltage detects through zero passage, obtains phase angle theta with three-phase voltage same-phase same frequency by the phase angle algorithm.Simultaneously, feedback loop to main circuit wherein two-phase alternating current flow valuve Ia, Ib and dc voltage value Vdc sample, according to Ia, Ib, Vdc, interface algorithm obtains three-phase electricity flow valuve Ia-m, Ib-m, Ic-m, Vdc-m.Subsequently, Ia-m, Ib-m, Ic-m process CLARK and PARK conversion obtain active current value of feedback Ds and the reactive current value of feedback Qs under the rotational coordinates; After the difference of given voltage Vdc-ref and feedback voltage V dc-m is regulated through PI, obtain as a result Ds-ref as the active current set point, this value and active current value of feedback Ds-Fdb carry out the PI computing, and operation result Ds-err, Qs-err carried out the PARK inverse transformation, and then according to the space vector algorithm Ta as a result, Tb, the Tc that the PARK inverse transformation obtains dealt with, obtain each phase PWM duty ratio output valve by PWM translation interface program at last.As ring in the control, direct voltage is as the control outer shroud with alternating current for this algorithm, and system can regulate current value in broad direct voltage scope.When fluctuation takes place when, regulate input current by the PI regulating action, guarantee that simultaneously dc voltage is constant, thereby reach the two-way unsteady flow function of AC/DC.
DC/DC two way convertor software algorithm is controlled block diagram as shown in Figure 4, and control algolithm mainly comprises current/voltage setting program, Buck decompression transformation or Boost boosting inverter voltage-regulation algorithm routine, current regulation control device program, PWM waveform generation program supervisor unit composition.Select to work in Buck decompression transformation or Boost boosting inverter pattern by parameter:
During the batteries of electric automobile short of electricity, charger begins battery charge, and DC/DC unsteady flow module then is operated in the constant current pressure limiting state under the Buck decompression transformation pattern, is provided with simultaneously and parameter, and current transformer is operated under the current/voltage of setting.When if system need regulate reactive current, only the AC/DC parameter need be set.When requiring the batteries of electric automobile discharge, the DC/DC system works is provided with and parameter under the Boost pattern simultaneously, and current transformer is operated under the needed current/voltage.
Above by special embodiment content description the present invention, but those skilled in the art also can recognize the multiple possibility of modification and optional embodiment, for example, by combination and/or change the feature of single embodiment.Therefore, be understandable that these modification and optional embodiment will be considered as included among the present invention, only enclosed invention claims of scope of the present invention and coordinate restriction thereof.
Claims (4)
1. power control system that is used for great power bidirectional charging electric vehicle machine, it is characterized in that: based on the digital signal processing chip control great power bidirectional charging electric vehicle power supply and system controller, comprise digital signal processor DSP, programmable logic device, peripheral analog signal sampling processing device, communication device and protective circuit; Described digital signal processor DSP is changed by A/D, the voltage and current signal that collects is delivered in the digital signal processor DSP chip, digital signal processor DSP carries out closed-loop control by software algorithm to the electric current and the voltage of electric power main circuit, produce the needed switch function of each switching device, produce the pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform that needs, signal is carried out processing such as dead band adjustment by complex programmable logic device (CPLD), break-make through drive circuit power controlling device, the conducting of control insulated gate bipolar power tube IGBT switching tube, the time of closing, to reach control electric power main circuit output voltage, the purpose of electric current, thereby the function of the system of realization; Simultaneously described protective circuit detects the voltage and current of power control system each several part, and whether temperature is in normal scope, in case exceed normal range (NR), then feed back to the digital signal processor DSP fault-signal, with timely blockade drive signal, guarantee the normal operation of circuit, the data operation ability that digital signal processor DSP is stronger and high integration, the hardware overprogram of complex programmable logic device (CPLD) combine, and make the controller hardware compact conformation; The function of described peripheral analog signal sampling processing device is analog-to-digital conversion and transmission pulse width modulated pwm signal, status signal and the measuring-signal of overcurrent protection and indication, current/voltage and temperature sensor, described dsp controller carries out communication by described communication device, and communication interface is not open to the user; Described system administration manager realizes in host computer that usually the communication of dsp controller and host computer is to realize with controller local area network CAN or asynchronous serial communication mode.
2. the power control system of charger as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting digital signal processor DSP as its acp chip, according to the reference current of setting, the actual current of magnitude of voltage and sampling gained, magnitude of voltage, error signal between measured value and the fiducial value is carried out proportional integral PI computing, obtain the Voltage Feedback value, compare output pulse width modulation (PWM) signal by this Voltage Feedback value as modulating wave and carrier wave, control IGBT, to realize the control of charging end voltage and current, DSP changes by A/D, the voltage and current signal that collects is delivered in the dsp chip, DSP carries out closed-loop control by software algorithm to the current/voltage of main circuit, produce the needed switch function of each switching device, produce the PWM waveform that needs by the EV module, signal is carried out processing such as dead band adjustment by CPLD, break-make through drive circuit power controlling device, the conducting of control IGBT switching tube, the time of closing, to reach control main circuit output voltage, the purpose of electric current, thereby the function of the system of realization; Whether the voltage and current of protective circuit detection system each several part simultaneously, and temperature in normal scope, in case exceed normal range (NR), then feeds back to the DSP fault-signal, with timely blockade drive signal, guarantees the normal operation of circuit.
3. the power control system of charger as claimed in claim 1 or 2; it is characterized in that communicating by controller local area network CAN2.0 controller and host computer; to obtain the charger power-on command; reference voltage and current value in emergency shutdown instruction and the charging process; and the quantity of state in the charging process is delivered on the controller local area network CAN bus in real time and transfers to host computer PC show; unified controller local area network CAN makes power control system have network communication; the ability of management and monitoring; by controller local area network CAN bus; controller can be realized the opening and closing of convertor equipment by the PC control order; also can respond the host computer request, give host computer the data upload in the unsteady flow process.
4. as the power control system of the arbitrary described charger of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that finishing communicating by letter of slave computer and control panel, for the site operation personnel obtains various charge parameters and the instruction of charging open and close machine provides operation interface by the RS-485 bus.
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| CN102043386A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-05-04 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Digital heavy truck power output adjustment controller |
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