CN203911558U - Off-board conductive direct-current electric vehicle charger having APF function - Google Patents
Off-board conductive direct-current electric vehicle charger having APF function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种具有APF功能的非车载传导式直流电动汽车充电机，其主要技术特点是：包括APF功能系统和功率变换功能系统，APF功能系统与功率变换功能系统相连接实现功率变换控制功能；所述的APF功能系统包括APF控制模块，该APF控制模块通过断路器、交流接触器、交流接触器、限流电阻、滤波电感、电子互感器连接在三相交流电路上。本实用新型将APF功能控制系统和功率变换功能系统有机地结合在一起并集成到充电机内部，提高了充电机的性能，保证了设备稳定可靠地运行，并且便于使用和维护；同时，采用多处理器协同工作，对于谐波干扰检测快速、准确，始终保持高效补偿谐波电流，从而提高整机工作效率，并实现了四遥功能。
The utility model relates to a non-vehicle conduction DC electric vehicle charger with APF function, and its main technical characteristics are: it includes an APF functional system and a power conversion functional system, and the APF functional system is connected with the power conversion functional system to realize power conversion control Function: The APF functional system includes an APF control module, which is connected to a three-phase AC circuit through a circuit breaker, an AC contactor, an AC contactor, a current limiting resistor, a filter inductor, and an electronic transformer. The utility model organically combines the APF function control system and the power conversion function system and integrates them into the charger, improves the performance of the charger, ensures the stable and reliable operation of the equipment, and is convenient for use and maintenance; at the same time, it adopts multiple The processors work together to detect harmonic interference quickly and accurately, and maintain high-efficiency compensation for harmonic currents, thereby improving the work efficiency of the whole machine and realizing the four-remote function.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于电动汽车充电机技术领域，尤其是一种具有APF功能的非车载传导式直流电动汽车充电机。The utility model belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle chargers, in particular to a non-vehicle conductive DC electric vehicle charger with APF function.
背景技术Background technique
功率变换技术经历了二十余年的发展，逐步替代了落后的工频硅整流技术而进入了高频变换时代。在高频变换技术进程中,功率变换技术又走过了它的初期阶段，即硬开关PWM阶段，近年来进入了它的第二阶段，即软开关PWM阶段，无论硬开关PWM还是软开关PWM都会产生谐波干扰，并且由于谐波电流较大，不易将大功率的APF功能集成到充电电源内，往往配以APF机柜来改善电能质量。电动汽车充电机采用这种分体式的结构必然要通过各中数据线、控制线、电源线在APF机柜和充电电源之间建立连接，导致稳定性下降，而且接线复杂、不便于维护。After more than 20 years of development, power conversion technology has gradually replaced the outdated power frequency silicon rectification technology and entered the era of high frequency conversion. In the process of high-frequency conversion technology, power conversion technology has gone through its initial stage, that is, the hard-switching PWM stage, and has entered its second stage in recent years, that is, the soft-switching PWM stage. Regardless of hard-switching PWM or soft-switching PWM Harmonic interference will be generated, and due to the large harmonic current, it is not easy to integrate the high-power APF function into the charging power supply, and it is often equipped with an APF cabinet to improve the power quality. The electric vehicle charger adopts this split structure, which must establish a connection between the APF cabinet and the charging power supply through various data lines, control lines, and power lines, resulting in a decrease in stability, and the wiring is complicated and inconvenient for maintenance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种设计合理、性能稳定且使用及维护方便的具有APF功能的非车载传导式直流电动汽车充电机。The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a non-vehicle conduction DC electric vehicle charger with APF function which is reasonable in design, stable in performance and convenient in use and maintenance.
本实用新型解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的：The utility model solves its technical problem and realizes by taking the following technical solutions:
一种具有APF功能的非车载传导式直流电动汽车充电机，包括APF功能系统和功率变换功能系统，APF功能系统与功率变换功能系统相连接实现功率变换控制功能；所述的APF功能系统包括APF控制模块，该APF控制模块通过断路器、交流接触器、交流接触器、限流电阻、滤波电感、电子互感器连接在三相交流电路上。A non-vehicle conductive DC electric vehicle charger with APF function, comprising an APF functional system and a power conversion functional system, the APF functional system is connected with the power conversion functional system to realize the power conversion control function; the APF functional system includes an APF A control module, the APF control module is connected to a three-phase AC circuit through a circuit breaker, an AC contactor, an AC contactor, a current limiting resistor, a filter inductor, and an electronic transformer.
而且，所述APF控制模块包括主控制器、一个从控制器、三个协处理器，主控制器通过总线分别与从处理器、三个协处理器相连接，从控制器与人机界面模块、通讯接口模块及功率变换系统通讯模块相连接,该功率变换系统通讯模块与功率变换功能系统相连接，主控制器分别与隔离驱动电路和JTAG接口模块相连接，三个协处理器的输入端通过A/D模块连接到信号调理电路，该信号调理电路的输入端与电子互感器采集的三相信号相连接，三个协处理器的两个CAP输入端分别与同步检测模块及锁相电路的输出端相连接，该同步检测模块与锁相电路相连接，三个协处理器的输出端输出PWM信号连接到PWM驱动电路上，该PWM驱动电路与IGBT电路相连接实现对IGBT电路的控制功能。Moreover, the APF control module includes a master controller, a slave controller, and three coprocessors, the master controller is respectively connected with the slave processor and the three coprocessors through a bus, and the slave controller and the man-machine interface module , the communication interface module and the power conversion system communication module are connected, the power conversion system communication module is connected with the power conversion function system, the main controller is respectively connected with the isolation drive circuit and the JTAG interface module, and the input terminals of the three coprocessors Connect to the signal conditioning circuit through the A/D module, the input terminal of the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the three-phase signal collected by the electronic transformer, and the two CAP input terminals of the three coprocessors are respectively connected with the synchronous detection module and the phase-locked circuit The output terminals of the three coprocessors are connected to each other, the synchronous detection module is connected to the phase-lock circuit, and the output PWM signals of the three coprocessors are connected to the PWM driving circuit, and the PWM driving circuit is connected to the IGBT circuit to realize the control of the IGBT circuit Function.
而且，所述的主控制器采用FPGA模块，所述的从控制器采用RISC模块，所述的协处理器采用DSP模块。Moreover, the master controller uses an FPGA module, the slave controller uses a RISC module, and the coprocessor uses a DSP module.
而且，所述的功率变换功能系统包括DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块、EMI滤波电路、整流滤波电路、输出滤波电路、多谐波控制回路、APF功能系统通讯模块、输出滤波电路、反馈采样电路、过压及过流保护电路和过温保护电路，EMI滤波电路、整流滤波电路、DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块和输出滤波电路依次相连接，该DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块还与多谐波控制回路相连接，该输出滤波电路输出直流电流并通过反馈采样电路、过压及过流保护电路与多谐波控制回路相连接，该多谐波控制回路和APF功能系统通讯模块相连接实现与APF功能系统的通讯功能，多谐波控制回路还与过温保护电路相连接实现过温保护功能。Moreover, the power conversion functional system includes a DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module, an EMI filter circuit, a rectification filter circuit, an output filter circuit, a multi-harmonic control loop, an APF functional system communication module, an output filter circuit, and a feedback sampling Circuit, overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit and overtemperature protection circuit, EMI filter circuit, rectification filter circuit, DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module and output filter circuit are connected in sequence, the DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module Also connected with the multi-harmonic control loop, the output filter circuit outputs DC current and is connected with the multi-harmonic control loop through the feedback sampling circuit, overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit, and the multi-harmonic control loop communicates with the APF functional system The modules are connected to realize the communication function with the APF functional system, and the multi-harmonic control loop is also connected to the over-temperature protection circuit to realize the over-temperature protection function.
而且，所述的DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块由高频谐振逆变桥、高频隔离变压器和高频整流电路连接构成。Moreover, the DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module is composed of a high-frequency resonant inverter bridge, a high-frequency isolation transformer and a high-frequency rectification circuit.
而且，所述的多谐波控制回路由RISC及其外围电路连接构成。Moreover, the multi-harmonic control loop is composed of RISC and its peripheral circuits.
本实用新型的优点和积极效果是：Advantage and positive effect of the present utility model are:
1、本实用新型将APF功能控制系统和功率变换功能系统有机地结合在一起并集成到充电机内部，功率变换功能系统采用谐振电压型控制功率变换技术，使得充电机产生的谐波电流降到了一定程度，提高了充电机的性能，同时也不会对电网电能质量造成影响。1. The utility model organically combines the APF function control system and the power conversion function system together and integrates them into the charger. The power conversion function system adopts the resonance voltage type control power conversion technology, so that the harmonic current generated by the charger is reduced to a minimum To a certain extent, the performance of the charger is improved, and at the same time, it will not affect the power quality of the grid.
2、本实用新型将APF功能控制系统和功率变换功能系统集成在一起，减少了设备之间的接线数量，保证了设备稳定可靠地运行，并且便于使用和维护。2. The utility model integrates the APF function control system and the power conversion function system, which reduces the number of connections between devices, ensures stable and reliable operation of the devices, and is easy to use and maintain.
3、本实用新型采用多处理器协同工作，对于谐波干扰检测快速、准确，始终保持高效补偿谐波电流，从而提高整机工作效率，并实现了四遥功能。3. The utility model adopts multi-processors to work together, which can quickly and accurately detect harmonic interference, and maintain high-efficiency compensation of harmonic current, thereby improving the working efficiency of the whole machine and realizing the four-remote function.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的连接示意图；Fig. 1 is the connection schematic diagram of the present utility model;
图2为APF控制模块的电路方框图；Fig. 2 is the circuit block diagram of APF control module;
图3为功率变换功能系统的电路方框图；Fig. 3 is the circuit block diagram of power conversion function system;
图4为DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块的电路图。Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本实用新型做进一步详述。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
一种具有APF功能的非车载传导式直流电动汽车充电机，如图1所示，包括APF功能系统和功率变换功能系统，APF功能系统与功率变换功能系统相连接实现对功率变换进行控制。所述的APF功能系统包括APF控制模块、断路器QF、交流接触器KM1、交流接触器KM2、限流电阻R、滤波电感L、电子互感器TA，APF控制模块通过断路器QF、交流接触器KM1、交流接触器KM2、限流电阻R1、滤波电感L1、电子互感器TA连接在三相交流电路上。An off-vehicle conductive DC electric vehicle charger with APF function, as shown in Figure 1, includes an APF functional system and a power conversion functional system, and the APF functional system is connected with the power conversion functional system to control the power conversion. The APF functional system includes an APF control module, a circuit breaker QF, an AC contactor KM1, an AC contactor KM2, a current limiting resistor R, a filter inductor L, and an electronic transformer TA. The APF control module passes through the circuit breaker QF, the AC contactor KM1, AC contactor KM2, current limiting resistor R1, filter inductor L1, and electronic transformer TA are connected to the three-phase AC circuit.
如图2所示，APF控制模块包括主控制器FPGA、一个从控制器RISC、三个协处理器DSP、人机界面模块、通讯接口模块、功率变换系统通讯模块、隔离驱动电路、JTAG接口模块、信号调整电路、A/D模块、同步检测模块、锁相电路、PWM驱动电路以及IGBT电路。主控制器FPGA通过总线分别与从处理器RISC、三个协处理器DSP相连接，从控制器RISC与人机界面模块、通讯接口模块及功率变换系统通讯模块相连接,该通讯接口模块能够实现遥控(开/关机、紧急停机)、遥信(工作状态、过压、欠压、过流、频率)、遥测(输出电压、电流、功率)和遥调(设定充电机APF功能的补偿谐波次数)等功能，功率变换系统通讯模块与功率变换功能系统相连接，实现APF控制功能；FPGA分别与隔离驱动电路和JTAG接口模块相连接，该隔离驱动电路的输入端与数字信号相连接；三个DSP的输入端通过A/D模块连接到信号调理电路，该信号调理电路的输入端与电子互感器采集的三相信号相连接，三个DSP的两个CAP输入端分别与同步检测模块及锁相电路的输出端相连接，该同步检测模块与锁相电路相连接，三个DSP的输出端输出PWM信号连接到PWM驱动电路上，该PWM驱动电路与IGBT电路相连接实现对IGBT电路的控制功能。在本APF控制模块中，FPGA控制3个DSP同时启动数据采样、同步处理数据、控制逆变电流、产生PWM时序等任务。RISC与FPGA交互数据，主要完成人机界面、远程通讯功能以及对功率变换系统的控制功能。每个DSP承担一相谐波电流的检测任务，并将检测结果发送给FPGA处理，使用多DSP并联工作的系统。As shown in Figure 2, the APF control module includes a main controller FPGA, a slave controller RISC, three coprocessors DSP, a man-machine interface module, a communication interface module, a power conversion system communication module, an isolation drive circuit, and a JTAG interface module , Signal adjustment circuit, A/D module, synchronous detection module, phase lock circuit, PWM drive circuit and IGBT circuit. The main controller FPGA is connected to the slave processor RISC and three coprocessors DSP through the bus, and the slave controller RISC is connected to the man-machine interface module, communication interface module and power conversion system communication module. The communication interface module can realize Remote control (on/off, emergency stop), remote signaling (working status, overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, frequency), remote measurement (output voltage, current, power) and remote adjustment (setting the compensation and resonance of the APF function of the charger) The power conversion system communication module is connected with the power conversion function system to realize the APF control function; the FPGA is respectively connected with the isolation drive circuit and the JTAG interface module, and the input terminal of the isolation drive circuit is connected with the digital signal; The input terminals of the three DSPs are connected to the signal conditioning circuit through the A/D module, the input terminals of the signal conditioning circuit are connected with the three-phase signals collected by the electronic transformer, and the two CAP input terminals of the three DSPs are respectively connected to the synchronous detection module The synchronous detection module is connected with the phase-locked circuit, the output PWM signal of the three DSPs is connected to the PWM drive circuit, and the PWM drive circuit is connected with the IGBT circuit to realize the IGBT circuit control function. In this APF control module, FPGA controls 3 DSPs to simultaneously start data sampling, synchronously process data, control inverter current, generate PWM sequence and other tasks. RISC and FPGA exchange data, mainly to complete the man-machine interface, remote communication functions and control functions of the power conversion system. Each DSP undertakes the detection task of a phase harmonic current, and sends the detection result to the FPGA for processing, using a system in which multiple DSPs work in parallel.
APF控制模块为了准确地获得负载电流谐波信号,进而产生补偿信号以抵消充电机产生的谐波,达到谐波补偿的目的，APF控制模块采用瞬时无功算法，实现了精度高、,实时性好、动态响应速度快，完全满足补偿充电机所产生谐波的要求。In order to accurately obtain the load current harmonic signal, and then generate a compensation signal to offset the harmonic generated by the charger, and achieve the purpose of harmonic compensation, the APF control module adopts an instantaneous reactive power algorithm to achieve high precision and real-time performance. Good, fast dynamic response, fully meet the requirements for compensating the harmonics generated by the charger.
如图3所示，所述的功率变换功能系统包括DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块、EMI滤波电路、整流滤波电路、输出滤波电路、多谐波控制回路、APF功能系统通讯模块、输出滤波电路、反馈采样电路、过压及过流保护电路和过温保护电路，EMI滤波电路、整流滤波电路、DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块和输出滤波电路依次相连接，该DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块还与多谐波控制回路相连接，该输出滤波电路输出直流电流并通过反馈采样电路、过压及过流保护电路与多谐波控制回路相连接，该多谐波控制回路和APF功能系统通讯模块相连接实现与APF功能系统的通讯功能，同时，多谐波控制回路还与过温保护电路相连接实现过温保护功能。As shown in Figure 3, the power conversion functional system includes a DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module, EMI filter circuit, rectification filter circuit, output filter circuit, multi-harmonic control loop, APF functional system communication module, output filter Circuit, feedback sampling circuit, overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit and overtemperature protection circuit, EMI filter circuit, rectification filter circuit, DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module and output filter circuit are connected in sequence, the DC/DC multi-harmonic The wave power change module is also connected with the multi-harmonic control loop. The output filter circuit outputs DC current and is connected with the multi-harmonic control loop through the feedback sampling circuit, overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit. The multi-harmonic control loop and The communication module of the APF functional system is connected to realize the communication function with the APF functional system. At the same time, the multi-harmonic control loop is also connected to the over-temperature protection circuit to realize the over-temperature protection function.
如图4所示，所述的DC/DC多谐波功率变化模块采用电压谐振软开关技术，包括高频谐振逆变桥、高频隔离变压器和高频整流电路，其中，CD1～CD4、CD68-CD71、CD33、CD34为输入电容，给高频谐振逆变桥供电，同时也给高频谐振逆变桥提供高频交流电流通路。谐振电容C1-C9(9只并联)选用CBB高频电容和谐振电感L2、主变压器B3初级绕组一起构成谐振回路，在回路中形成的高频交流电流向负载提供能量。高频逆变桥、高频隔离变压器、高频整流组成谐振式DC/DC变换器，工作于PFM方式，采用“谐振电压型双环控制”，具有即时控制、前馈补偿功能，同时又具有谐振式电路高效率、高可靠性、低干扰的显著优势，平滑滤波后输出稳定的直流电。因此采用DC/DC多谐振功率变换技术是将APF功能集成到充电机的基础和保证。As shown in Figure 4, the DC/DC multi-harmonic power change module adopts voltage resonance soft switching technology, including a high-frequency resonant inverter bridge, a high-frequency isolation transformer and a high-frequency rectifier circuit, wherein CD1~CD4, CD68 - CD71, CD33 and CD34 are input capacitors, which supply power to the high-frequency resonant inverter bridge, and also provide high-frequency AC current paths for the high-frequency resonant inverter bridge. The resonant capacitors C1-C9 (9 in parallel) use CBB high-frequency capacitors, resonant inductor L2, and the primary winding of the main transformer B3 to form a resonant circuit. The high-frequency AC current formed in the circuit provides energy to the load. High-frequency inverter bridge, high-frequency isolation transformer, and high-frequency rectifier form a resonant DC/DC converter, which works in PFM mode and adopts "resonant voltage double-loop control", which has the functions of real-time control, feedforward compensation, and resonance The obvious advantages of high-efficiency, high-reliability, and low-interference circuit, and output stable DC after smoothing and filtering. Therefore, the adoption of DC/DC multi-resonance power conversion technology is the basis and guarantee for integrating the APF function into the charger.
多谐波控制回路由RISC及其外围电路连接构成，其采用负责控制DC/DC多谐振功率变换，并将功率变换的各种信息通过数据总线传送给APF的单元的RISC，同时也接收来自APF单元的RISC的各种数据和指令，来对功率变换进行调控。The multi-harmonic control loop is composed of RISC and its peripheral circuit connections. It uses the RISC responsible for controlling DC/DC multi-resonant power conversion, and transmits various information of power conversion to the APF unit through the data bus, and also receives data from the APF. Various data and instructions of the RISC of the unit are used to regulate the power conversion.
本实用新型采用2RISC+3DSP+FPGA控制模式的多CPU控制系统，其中APF功能控制系统使用1个RISC、3个DSP和1个FPGA模块，功率变换功能系统采用1个RISC模块。使用多CPU并联工作的系统，主要有以下三个优点：(1)可以成倍提高计算速度，即成倍提高谐波补偿速度；(2)CPU数量增加可以使用的软件算法的数据量更大；(3)可以轻松实现四遥功能。The utility model adopts a multi-CPU control system of 2RISC+3DSP+FPGA control mode, wherein the APF function control system uses 1 RISC, 3 DSP and 1 FPGA module, and the power conversion function system uses 1 RISC module. A system that uses multiple CPUs to work in parallel has the following three advantages: (1) It can double the calculation speed, that is, double the harmonic compensation speed; (2) The amount of software algorithm data that can be used increases with the number of CPUs. ; (3) Four remote functions can be easily realized.
本实用新型的功率变换单元和APF单元均多电平逆变器逆变技术，电平逆变器逆变技术是指用半导体开关器件的开通和关断把直流电压变成一系列的电压脉冲序列，以实现多电平逆变器的变压、变频，并控制和消除谐波的电子技术。多电平逆变器PWM技术主要对两方面目标进行控制:一为输出电压的控制，即逆变器输出脉冲序列在伏秒级别上与参考波形等效；二为逆变器本身运行状态控制，包括直流电容电压的平衡控制、所有功率开关的输出功率平衡控制、输出谐波控制、器件开关损耗控制等。采用多电平逆变技术具有以下优点：(1)电平数越多，输出电压谐波的含量越少；(2)逆变器电平数易扩展,电压合成方面，开关状态选择具有较大的灵活性；(3)可通过在同一个电平上不同开关组合，使直流侧电容电压保持平衡。Both the power conversion unit and the APF unit of the utility model are based on the multi-level inverter inverter technology, and the level inverter inverter technology refers to turning the DC voltage into a series of voltage pulses by switching on and off the semiconductor switching device Sequence, in order to achieve multi-level inverter voltage conversion, frequency conversion, and electronic technology to control and eliminate harmonics. The multi-level inverter PWM technology mainly controls two objectives: one is the control of the output voltage, that is, the output pulse sequence of the inverter is equivalent to the reference waveform at the volt-second level; the other is the control of the operating state of the inverter itself , including balance control of DC capacitor voltage, output power balance control of all power switches, output harmonic control, device switching loss control, etc. The use of multi-level inverter technology has the following advantages: (1) The more the number of levels, the less the content of harmonics in the output voltage; Great flexibility; (3) By combining different switches at the same level, the capacitor voltage on the DC side can be kept balanced.
需要强调的是，本实用新型所述的实施例是说明性的，而不是限定性的，因此本实用新型包括并不限于具体实施方式中所述的实施例，凡是由本领域技术人员根据本实用新型的技术方案得出的其他实施方式，同样属于本实用新型保护的范围。It should be emphasized that the embodiments described in the utility model are illustrative rather than restrictive, so the utility model includes but not limited to the embodiments described in the specific implementation, and those skilled in the art according to the utility model Other implementations derived from the new technical solution also belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105490248A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-04-13 | 国家电网公司 | Comprehensive protection circuit for active power filter (APF) |
| CN105699933A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-22 | 任红霞 | Direct current electric energy meter detecting system for electric automobile battery charging pile |
| WO2019037033A1 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | 海门市品格工业设计有限公司 | Electric vehicle direct-current charger based on dsp_cpld control |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105490248A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-04-13 | 国家电网公司 | Comprehensive protection circuit for active power filter (APF) |
| CN105490248B (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2018-06-22 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of general protective circuit for APF |
| CN105699933A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-22 | 任红霞 | Direct current electric energy meter detecting system for electric automobile battery charging pile |
| WO2019037033A1 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | 海门市品格工业设计有限公司 | Electric vehicle direct-current charger based on dsp_cpld control |
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