CN104198853B - A kind of wind-electricity integration test device and test method - Google Patents
A kind of wind-electricity integration test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种风电并网测试装置,并提供该装置的测试方法,属于风电并网技术领域,以满足风电机组并网适应性测试要求。The invention relates to a wind power grid-connected testing device, and provides a testing method of the device, belonging to the technical field of wind power grid-connected, and meeting the requirements for testing the grid-connected adaptability of wind power generating sets.
背景技术Background technique
随着能源危机的日益严重,风能作为一种可再生能源受到世界广泛关注。近年来,风电产业迅速发展,装机容量不断增长,风力发电已成为电能来源不可或缺的途径之一。但是常常由于风机对电网适应性差而导致风机脱网等事故,风电并网技术的滞后严重制约我国风电产业的发展。With the increasingly severe energy crisis, wind energy, as a renewable energy source, has attracted worldwide attention. In recent years, the wind power industry has developed rapidly and the installed capacity has continued to increase. Wind power has become one of the indispensable sources of electric energy. However, due to the poor adaptability of wind turbines to the power grid, accidents such as wind turbine off-grid are often caused. The lag of wind power grid connection technology seriously restricts the development of my country's wind power industry.
为了提升风电技术水平,保障风机性能和电网安全,风电并网测试技术逐步受到重视,我国已经对风电并网技术进行了相关研究并制定了相应的标准,要求风机并网时进行电压、频率、谐波、电压波动和闪变、三相不平衡、高低电压穿越等适应性测试,并满足其它一些并网技术要求。In order to improve the technical level of wind power and ensure the performance of wind turbines and the safety of the power grid, wind power grid-connected testing technology has gradually received attention. my country has conducted relevant research on wind power grid-connected technology and formulated corresponding standards, requiring wind power grid-connected voltage, frequency, Harmonics, voltage fluctuations and flicker, three-phase unbalance, high and low voltage ride through and other adaptability tests, and meet other grid-connected technical requirements.
近年来,国内外对风电并网测试研究逐步增多,但其研究主要针对风电并网的监测领域,通过专用设备对电能质量进行监测,当产生电压波动或不符合并网要求时切断风机电源。同时也存在一些其它的并网检测装置,如一些多功能电网模拟器、光伏并网逆变器测试系统,但他们大都存在体积大,电能损耗多,动态响应速度慢,成本高或操作复杂等问题。In recent years, research on wind power grid-connected testing has gradually increased at home and abroad, but its research is mainly aimed at the monitoring field of wind power grid-connected, monitoring power quality through special equipment, and cutting off the power supply of wind turbines when voltage fluctuations occur or do not meet grid-connected requirements. At the same time, there are some other grid-connected detection devices, such as some multi-functional grid simulators, photovoltaic grid-connected inverter test systems, but most of them have large volume, high power loss, slow dynamic response, high cost or complicated operation, etc. question.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种风电并网测试装置及测试方法,该并网检测装置操作简单、加快了逆变器输出电压的动态响应速度且使电能损耗降低。The object of the present invention is to provide a wind power grid-connected testing device and testing method, the grid-connected testing device is easy to operate, speeds up the dynamic response speed of the inverter output voltage and reduces power loss.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种风电并网测试装置,包括三绕组升压变压器、整流器、延时闭合继电器、平波电容、逆变器、滤波器、输入断路器、输出断路器和检测准备开关、DSP控制单元以及计算机;所述输入断路器的输入端连接三相交流电网,输出断路器的输出端连接风力发电系统,所述输入断路器的输出端连接三绕组升压变压器原边绕组输入端,所述三绕组升压变压器的副边绕组输出端连接整流器输入端,所述整流器输出端连接直流母线后再经延时闭合继电器与平波电容的输入端连接,所述平波电容输出端连接逆变器输入端,所述逆变器输出端连接滤波器输入端,所述滤波器输出端连接降压变压器原边,所述降压变压器副边连接输出断路器输入端;所述检测准备开关跨接于输入断路器输出端及输出断路器输入端;所述DSP控制单元分别连接整流器输出端、逆变器控制信号输入端、逆变器及滤波器输出端,所述DSP控制单元还与计算机连接。A wind power grid-connected test device, including a three-winding step-up transformer, a rectifier, a delay closing relay, a smoothing capacitor, an inverter, a filter, an input circuit breaker, an output circuit breaker and a detection preparation switch, a DSP control unit and a computer ; The input end of the input circuit breaker is connected to the three-phase AC power grid, the output end of the output circuit breaker is connected to the wind power generation system, the output end of the input circuit breaker is connected to the input end of the primary winding of the three-winding step-up transformer, and the three-winding The output terminal of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier, and the output terminal of the rectifier is connected to the DC bus and then connected to the input terminal of the smoothing capacitor through a delay closing relay, and the output terminal of the smoothing capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the inverter The output terminal of the inverter is connected to the input terminal of the filter, the output terminal of the filter is connected to the primary side of the step-down transformer, and the secondary side of the step-down transformer is connected to the input terminal of the output circuit breaker; the detection preparation switch is connected across the input circuit breaker output terminal and output circuit breaker input terminal; the DSP control unit is respectively connected to the rectifier output terminal, the inverter control signal input terminal, the inverter and the filter output terminal, and the DSP control unit is also connected to the computer.
优选的,上述风电并网测试装置,其中,所述三绕组升压变压器采用Y/Y/Δ方式连接。Preferably, in the above-mentioned wind power grid-connected test device, the three-winding step-up transformer is connected in a Y/Y/Δ manner.
优选的,上述风电并网测试装置,其中,所述整流器采用十二脉动整流方式,即将两组三相不可控整流桥串联。Preferably, in the above-mentioned wind power grid-connected test device, the rectifier adopts a twelve-pulse rectification method, that is, two sets of three-phase uncontrollable rectifier bridges are connected in series.
优选的,上述风电并网测试装置,其中,所述延时闭合继电器由限流电阻和延时闭合继电开关并联组成。Preferably, in the wind power grid-connected test device, the delay closing relay is composed of a current-limiting resistor and a delay closing relay switch connected in parallel.
优选的,上述风电并网测试装置,其中,所述逆变器为正弦脉宽调制SPWM控制的电压源型逆变器,所述逆变器为三相三桥臂工作方式,所述逆变器采用对称三角波作为载波。Preferably, the above-mentioned wind power grid-connected test device, wherein the inverter is a voltage source inverter controlled by sinusoidal pulse width modulation SPWM, the inverter is a three-phase three-leg operation mode, and the inverter The device uses a symmetrical triangle wave as the carrier.
优选的,上述风电并网测试装置,其中,所述滤波器为三相Γ型LC滤波器。Preferably, in the above-mentioned wind power grid-connected test device, the filter is a three-phase Γ-type LC filter.
优选的,上述风电并网测试装置,其中,DSP控制单元采用TMS320F2812芯片,用于控制输入断路器、输出断路器、测试准备开关的通断,控制逆变器,采集整流器、逆变器和滤波器的输出电压、电流、相位、频率和谐波等信号,同时与上位机进行通信。Preferably, the above-mentioned wind power grid-connected test device, wherein the DSP control unit adopts a TMS320F2812 chip, is used to control the on-off of the input circuit breaker, the output circuit breaker, and the test preparation switch, control the inverter, collect the rectifier, the inverter and filter Output voltage, current, phase, frequency and harmonic signals of the device, and communicate with the host computer at the same time.
本发明还提供一种风电并网测试装置的测试方法,使用所述风电并网测试装置,对并网时电网电压存在电压波动、频率波动、三相电压不平衡、闪变或谐波时进行适应性测试。The present invention also provides a test method for a wind power grid-connected test device. Using the wind power grid-connected test device, the grid voltage has voltage fluctuations, frequency fluctuations, three-phase voltage unbalance, flicker or harmonics during grid connection. Adaptive testing.
优选的,所述的风电并网测试装置的测试方法,其中,所述检测准备开关为并网检测作准备,决定实际电网或模拟电网与风机的通断。计算机指定测试项目并传送测试命令给DSP,DSP按指定命令产生相应的逆变器驱动信号。电网电压经三绕组移相升压变压器、整流、逆变、降压后输出计算机指定的并网测试所要求的模拟电压,再根据风电机组电网适应性测试相关规定进行测试。Preferably, in the test method of the wind power grid-connected test device, the detection preparation switch prepares for grid-connected detection, and determines whether the actual power grid or the simulated power grid is on or off with the wind turbine. The computer specifies the test item and sends the test command to the DSP, and the DSP generates the corresponding inverter drive signal according to the specified command. After the grid voltage is passed through the three-winding phase-shifting step-up transformer, rectified, inverted, and stepped down, it outputs the simulated voltage required by the grid-connected test specified by the computer, and then the test is carried out according to the relevant regulations of the wind turbine grid adaptability test.
优选的,所述的风电并网测试装置的测试方法,其中,所述DSP根据指定电压,采用滑模控制对滤波器输出电压进行跟踪控制,从而使滤波器输出电压快速达到指定要求。Preferably, in the test method of the wind power grid-connected test device, the DSP adopts sliding mode control to track and control the output voltage of the filter according to the specified voltage, so that the output voltage of the filter can quickly reach the specified requirement.
本发明的优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:
1.测试开始时采用升压变压器,使副边电流减小,减小了测试装置尤其是LC滤波电感上的电能损耗;1. A step-up transformer is used at the beginning of the test to reduce the secondary current and reduce the power loss of the test device, especially the LC filter inductor;
2.同时DSP控制单元中采用滑模控制器对逆变器及滤波器输出电压进行控制,加快了逆变器输出电压的动态响应速度,使滤波器输出电压与电压设定值基本一致;2. At the same time, the sliding mode controller is used in the DSP control unit to control the output voltage of the inverter and the filter, which speeds up the dynamic response speed of the output voltage of the inverter, and makes the output voltage of the filter basically consistent with the voltage setting value;
3.该并网检测装置采用普通的电力电子器件,集成度高,成本低且测试方法直观简单,能满足风电并网测试要求。3. The grid-connected detection device adopts ordinary power electronic devices, which has high integration, low cost, intuitive and simple test method, and can meet the requirements of wind power grid-connected testing.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明具体实施方式的用于风电并网测试装置的结构图。Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a wind power grid-connected test device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明采用的Γ型LC滤波器电路图。Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the Γ-type LC filter adopted in the present invention.
图3是本发明具体实施方式的DSP控制单元结构图。Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a DSP control unit according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明具体实施方式的DSP控制单元的中断服务子程序控制信号流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the control signal of the interrupt service subroutine of the DSP control unit according to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明具体实施方式的用于风电并网测试装置的电路图。Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a wind power grid-connected test device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
图6是本发明具体实施方式的DSP对滤波器输出电压的滑模控制结构图。Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of the sliding mode control of the output voltage of the filter by the DSP according to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
一种风电并网测试装置,如图1所示,所述并网测试装置包括:三绕组升压变压器、整流器、延时闭合继电器、平波电容、逆变器、滤波器、输入断路器、输出断路器和检测准备开关、DSP控制单元以及计算机。所述测试装置的输入端连接三相交流电网,输出端连接风力发电系统,所述输入断路器的输出端连接三绕组升压变压器原边绕组输入端,所述三绕组升压变压器的副边绕组输出端连接整流器输入端,所述整流器输出端连接直流母线,再经延时闭合继电器与平波电容连接,所述平波电容输出端连接逆变器输入端,所述逆变器输出端连接滤波器输入端,所述滤波器输出端连接降压变压器原边,所述降压变压器副边连接输出断路器输入端,所述输出断路器输出端连接风电系统;所述检测准备开关跨接于输入断路器输出端及输出断路器输入端;所述DSP控制单元分别连接整流器输出端、逆变器控制信号输入端、逆变器及滤波器输出端,所述DSP控制单元还与计算机连接。该测试装置能模拟电网电压、频率波动、闪变、谐波等各种特性,能够满足电网适应性测试要求。A wind power grid-connected test device, as shown in Figure 1, the grid-connected test device includes: a three-winding step-up transformer, a rectifier, a delay closing relay, a smoothing capacitor, an inverter, a filter, an input circuit breaker, Output circuit breaker and detection ready switch, DSP control unit and computer. The input end of the test device is connected to the three-phase AC power grid, the output end is connected to the wind power generation system, the output end of the input circuit breaker is connected to the input end of the primary winding of the three-winding step-up transformer, and the secondary side of the three-winding step-up transformer The output end of the winding is connected to the input end of the rectifier, the output end of the rectifier is connected to the DC bus, and then the delay closing relay is connected to the smoothing capacitor, the output end of the smoothing capacitor is connected to the input end of the inverter, and the output end of the inverter connected to the input terminal of the filter, the output terminal of the filter is connected to the primary side of the step-down transformer, the secondary side of the step-down transformer is connected to the input terminal of the output circuit breaker, and the output terminal of the output circuit breaker is connected to the wind power system; the detection preparation switch spans Connected to the output end of the input circuit breaker and the input end of the output circuit breaker; the DSP control unit is respectively connected to the output end of the rectifier, the input end of the inverter control signal, the output end of the inverter and the filter, and the DSP control unit is also connected to the computer connect. The test device can simulate various characteristics such as grid voltage, frequency fluctuation, flicker, and harmonics, and can meet the requirements of grid adaptability testing.
如图2所示,滤波器采用三相Γ型LC滤波器,它是一种低通滤波器,结构简单且性能可靠。本发明采用三绕组移相升压变压器降低副边输出电流,从而大大减小滤波器滤波电感上的电能损耗。As shown in Figure 2, the filter uses a three-phase Γ-type LC filter, which is a low-pass filter with simple structure and reliable performance. The invention adopts a three-winding phase-shifting step-up transformer to reduce the output current of the secondary side, thereby greatly reducing the power loss on the filtering inductance of the filter.
本发明的DSP控制单元结构图如图3所示,DSP控制单元的A/D转换器分别采集整流器输出直流电压信息、逆变器输出交流电压、滤波器输出交流电压的相关信息;PWM控制单元输出端提供逆变器的驱动信号,数字I/O口提供输入断路器和输出断路器、检测准备开关的通断信号,捕获口采集滤波器输出电压过零检测信号。DSP control unit structural diagram of the present invention is as shown in Figure 3, and the A/D converter of DSP control unit collects respectively the relevant information of rectifier output DC voltage information, inverter output AC voltage, filter output AC voltage; PWM control unit The output end provides the driving signal of the inverter, the digital I/O port provides the on-off signal of the input circuit breaker and output circuit breaker, and the detection ready switch, and the capture port collects the zero-crossing detection signal of the output voltage of the filter.
DSP的软件部分包括主程序和中断程序部分,主程序部分主要进行初始化,设置TMS320F2812的各个功能模块的工作方式。初始化完成后进入等待状态,当产生中断时进入所设定的中断服务子程序。中断程序部分包括两个子程序,子程序1为定时器1中断子程序,它采用滑模控制策略对滤波器输出电压进行调节从而输出准确的PWM信号到逆变器,同时此程序还完成输出信号保护功能,图4即为中断服务子程序控制信号流程图。子程序2为捕获口中断子程序,它用来对输入电压信号进行定位,利用对滤波器输出电压的捕获来定位电压矢量零点,得到零点后,一个周期内,以定时器2来指定电压的相位,经过一定转换,即可得到滤波器输出电压矢量的实际位置。The software part of the DSP includes the main program and the interrupt program part. The main program part mainly carries on initialization and sets the working mode of each functional module of TMS320F2812. After the initialization is completed, it enters the waiting state, and enters the set interrupt service subroutine when an interrupt is generated. The interrupt program part includes two subroutines. Subroutine 1 is the timer 1 interrupt subroutine. It uses the sliding mode control strategy to adjust the output voltage of the filter to output accurate PWM signals to the inverter. At the same time, this program also completes the output signal Protection function, Figure 4 is the flow chart of the interrupt service subroutine control signal. Subroutine 2 is the capture port interrupt subroutine, which is used to locate the input voltage signal, and use the capture of the output voltage of the filter to locate the zero point of the voltage vector. After getting the zero point, within one cycle, use timer 2 to specify the voltage. After a certain conversion, the actual position of the filter output voltage vector can be obtained.
本发明的详细电路图如图5所示,其中,所述测试准备开关用于控制模拟电网或者实际电网接入。当测试准备开关闭合,三相电网和风电系统接通,装置处于等待测试阶段;当测试准备就绪时,断开测试准备开关,进入测试过程。A detailed circuit diagram of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5 , wherein the test preparation switch is used to control access to a simulated grid or an actual grid. When the test preparation switch is closed, the three-phase power grid and the wind power system are connected, and the device is in the stage of waiting for the test; when the test is ready, the test preparation switch is turned off to enter the test process.
所述输入断路器不仅可以控制装置通断,而且能起到过流保护作用;三绕组升压变压器采用双副边形式及Y/Y/Δ连接方式,这样既减少了流入电网的谐波,又提升了输出电压能力,同时使后面平波电容的均压问题变的简单。The input circuit breaker can not only control the on-off of the device, but also play the role of over-current protection; the three-winding step-up transformer adopts double-secondary side form and Y/Y/Δ connection mode, which not only reduces the harmonics flowing into the grid, It also improves the output voltage capability, and at the same time makes the voltage equalization problem of the smoothing capacitor easier.
三绕组升压变压器的输出连接整流器,该整流器采用十二脉动整流方式,即将两组三相不可控整流桥串联。采用不可控整流桥,减少控制信号的输入,降低了成本并简化了实现过程。The output of the three-winding step-up transformer is connected to a rectifier, and the rectifier adopts a twelve-pulse rectification method, that is, two sets of three-phase uncontrollable rectifier bridges are connected in series. The use of an uncontrollable rectifier bridge reduces the input of control signals, reduces the cost and simplifies the implementation process.
所述延时闭合继电器由限流电阻和延时闭合继电开关并联组成,装置刚接入电源时,延时闭合继电开关处于断开状态,整流器输出的直流电流经过限流电阻流入直流母线,经过限定时间,延时继电开关闭合,将限流电阻短路,减少上面损耗。该继电器可以在平波电容开始充电时限制电流过大,提高电容安全性。The delay closing relay is composed of a current limiting resistor and a delay closing relay switch connected in parallel. When the device is just connected to the power supply, the delay closing relay switch is in the off state, and the DC current output by the rectifier flows into the DC bus through the current limiting resistor , after a limited time, the delay relay switch is closed, and the current limiting resistor is short-circuited to reduce the above loss. The relay can limit the excessive current when the smoothing capacitor starts to charge, and improve the safety of the capacitor.
平波电容由多个电容并联和串联组成。逆变器为电压源型逆变器,用正弦脉宽调制SPWM控制,三相全控逆变桥采用双单元分立形式的IGBT模块。A smoothing capacitor consists of multiple capacitors connected in parallel and in series. The inverter is a voltage source inverter, which is controlled by sinusoidal pulse width modulation SPWM, and the three-phase full-control inverter bridge adopts a dual-unit discrete IGBT module.
DSP控制单元采用TMS320F2812芯片,用于控制输入断路器、输出断路器、测试准备开关的通断,控制逆变器,采集整流器、逆变器和滤波器的输出电压、电流、相位、频率和谐波等信号,同时与上位机进行通信。The DSP control unit adopts the TMS320F2812 chip, which is used to control the on-off of the input circuit breaker, output circuit breaker, and test preparation switch, control the inverter, and collect the output voltage, current, phase, and frequency of the rectifier, inverter, and filter. wave and other signals, and communicate with the host computer at the same time.
一种风电并网测试装置的测试方法,如图5所示,在并网检测时,输入断路器、检测准备开关和输出断路器均闭合,待测装置与三相电网相接,处于等待检测状态。当满足测试要求时,检测准备开关断开,计算机指定测试项目(电压波动、频率波动、三相电压不平衡、闪变或谐波适应性测试)并传送测试命令给DSP;DSP控制单元根据所要产生的电压波形的瞬时值,计算出产生每相桥臂SPWM波相应的开关频率;电网电压经三相绕组移相变压器的两个副边绕组输出至两个6脉动整流,延时继电器经过固定时间闭合后,整流输出的直流电压向直流环节平波电容充电;直流电压经逆变器放大,得到大功率驱动波形,输出经Γ型LC滤波器,滤除开关频率成份,再经降压变压器降压后,连接至风电系统。A test method for a wind power grid-connected test device, as shown in Figure 5, during the grid-connected detection, the input circuit breaker, the detection preparation switch and the output circuit breaker are all closed, and the device to be tested is connected to the three-phase power grid and is waiting for detection state. When the test requirements are met, the detection preparation switch is turned off, and the computer specifies the test items (voltage fluctuation, frequency fluctuation, three-phase voltage unbalance, flicker or harmonic adaptability test) and sends the test command to the DSP; the DSP control unit according to the required The instantaneous value of the generated voltage waveform is calculated to generate the corresponding switching frequency of each phase bridge arm SPWM wave; the grid voltage is output to two 6-pulse rectifiers through the two secondary windings of the three-phase winding phase-shifting transformer, and the delay relay is fixed After the time is closed, the rectified output DC voltage charges the DC link smoothing capacitor; the DC voltage is amplified by the inverter to obtain a high-power drive waveform, and the output passes through a Γ-type LC filter to filter out the switching frequency components, and then passes through the step-down transformer After decompression, connect to the wind power system.
图6为所述DSP对滤波器输出电压的滑模控制结构图,为了得到准确地指定测试的电压波形,需DSP对逆变器进行准确控制。电压在经过滤波器后会产生损耗,为减少这种影响,本发明采用滑模控制对滤波器输出电压按设定值进行控制。控制器采用开关函数和反馈相结合的形式,假设电压设定值和电压实际值偏差e=Ur-Uo,定义滑动面s=e,则滑模控制器采用这种形式u=-ρsgn(e)-ke,其中ρ均为大于零的常数。参照传统PI控制,该方法优点在于:加快了逆变器输出电压的动态响应速度,使滤波器输出电压与电压设定值基本一致。FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of the sliding mode control of the DSP on the output voltage of the filter. In order to obtain an accurately specified voltage waveform for testing, the DSP is required to accurately control the inverter. The voltage will produce loss after passing through the filter. In order to reduce this effect, the present invention adopts sliding mode control to control the output voltage of the filter according to the set value. The controller adopts the form of combining switching function and feedback, assuming that the deviation between the voltage setting value and the actual voltage value is e=U r -U o , and the sliding surface s=e is defined, then the sliding mode controller adopts this form u=-ρsgn (e)-ke, where ρ is a constant greater than zero. Referring to the traditional PI control, the advantage of this method is that the dynamic response speed of the inverter output voltage is accelerated, and the output voltage of the filter is basically consistent with the voltage setting value.
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