Utility model content
Above defect or Improvement requirement for prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of and has that simulating grid voltage gradient, no-voltage pass through, the full energy feedback type electrical network simulator of frequency gradual change, over-and under-voltage, overfrequency under-frequency function, solved that existing electrical network can not meet photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter test voltage and frequency is fallen, the condition of gradual change, solved the technical problem of test platform intelligence, low-cost, low-power consumption simultaneously.
The utility model provides a kind of full energy feedback type electrical network simulator, comprises transformer, power inverter, alternating current filter, current sample module, controller, driver element and signal picker; Described transformer, described power inverter, described alternating current filter and described current sample module are connected in turn between three phase network and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter; Described signal picker, described controller and described driver element are connected successively, and the output of described driver element is connected with described power inverter.
Further, described power inverter comprises three-phase rectifier and the three-phase inverter connecting successively; Described three-phase rectifier comprises metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, diode D1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2, diode D2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3, diode D3, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4, diode D4, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q5, diode D5, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q6, diode D6 and capacitor C 1; Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and diode D1 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 and diode D2 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 and diode D3 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4 and diode D4 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q5 and diode D5 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q6 and diode D6 parallel connection; The positive pole of capacitor C 1 is connected with the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q5 with metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3, simultaneously also with the anodic bonding of diode D1, diode D3 and diode D5; Capacitor C 1 negative pole is connected with the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q6 with metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4, is also connected with the negative electrode of diode D6 with diode D4, diode D2 simultaneously; The link that the link that the link that the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2, the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 and the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4 are connected and the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q5 and the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q6 are connected is connected as the input of described power inverter and the output of described transformer.
Further, described three-phase inverter comprises metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7, diode D7, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q8, diode D8, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q9, diode D9, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q10, diode D10, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11, diode D11, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q12, diode D12 and capacitor C 2; Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 and diode D7 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q8 and diode D8 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q9 and diode D9 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q10 and diode D10 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11 and diode D11 parallel connection, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q12 and diode D12 parallel connection; The positive pole of described capacitor C 2 is connected with the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11 with metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q9, simultaneously also with the anodic bonding of diode D7, diode D9 and diode D11; The negative pole of described capacitor C 2 is connected with the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q10 with metal-oxide-semiconductor Q8, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q10, is also connected with the negative electrode of diode D12 with diode D8, diode D10 simultaneously; The link that the link that the link that the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q7 is connected with the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q8, the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q9 and the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q10 are connected and the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11 and the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q12 are connected is connected as the output of described power inverter and the input of described alternating current filter.
Further, the mode selecting unit that provides mode of operation to select for user connecting is successively provided described controller, the mode of operation of selecting according to user calculates the reference voltage computing unit of corresponding reference voltage, according to described reference voltage, obtain the reference voltage output unit of each phase reference voltage, each phase reference voltage is carried out respectively to Clarke conversion and obtain the Clarke converter unit of two-phase rest frame reference value and the reference voltage under two-phase rest frame is carried out to the park transforms unit that park transforms obtains two-phase rotating coordinate system reference value and exports to driver element.
Further, described mode selecting unit comprises: fixed voltage mode selecting unit, slope gradual-change mode selected cell, low-voltage crossing mode selecting unit, output voltage setting unit, change in voltage slope setting unit and voltage fall the degree of depth and recovery time setting unit; The input of described output voltage setting unit connects described fixed voltage mode selecting unit, and the output of described output voltage setting unit is connected to the input of described reference voltage computing unit; The input of described change in voltage slope setting unit connects described slope gradual-change mode selected cell, and the output of described change in voltage slope setting unit is connected to the input of described reference voltage computing unit; Described voltage fall the degree of depth with recovery time setting unit input be connected described low-voltage crossing mode selecting unit, described voltage fall the degree of depth and recovery time setting unit output be connected to the input of described reference voltage computing unit.
In the utility model, transformer, power inverter, alternating current filter and current sample module are connected in turn between three phase network and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter; Signal picker, controller and driver element are connected successively, and the output of driver element is connected with power inverter; The simulation of adopt that said structure can realize that line voltage gradual change, no-voltage are passed through, frequency gradual change, mistakes (owing) being pressed, crossing the functions such as (owing) frequency, can meet the various electric performance tests of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and electric network fault and simulate.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the utility model, and be not used in restriction the utility model.In addition,, in each execution mode of described the utility model, involved technical characterictic just can not combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
The utlity model has that simulating grid voltage gradient, no-voltage pass through, frequency gradual change, mistake (owing) press, cross the functions such as (owing) frequency, can meet the various electric performance tests of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and electric network fault and simulate.
The utility model discloses a kind of full energy feedback type electrical network simulator power electronics topological structure, three-phase mains is by after transformer isolation, incoming transport filter, filtered alternating current, after three-phase rectifier rectification and power factor correction, accesses dc-link capacitance; Direct current after rectification, after three-phase inverter inversion, is exported the three-phase alternating current of simulating grid voltage, then through a filtering, gives photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter or other load supplyings.Meanwhile, the form that the utility model adopts three-phase half bridge rectifier and inverter mutually to connect, can realize two-way circulating of energy, and the switching device using is few, and cost is low.
The utility model discloses a kind of full energy feedback type electrical network simulator control method, this control method calculates reference voltage according to the mode of operation of customer selecting, through coordinate transform, three-phase reference voltage is transformed under two-phase rest frame and is controlled, simplified the difficulty of controlling.Meanwhile, use d, q decoupler shaft to control, use first order modeling to realize the tracking of control object is controlled, meanwhile, adopt load-current feedforward control, improved the dynamic responding speed of load and stability.Adopt the space vector modulation technique (SVPWM, Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation) of High Level DC Voltage utilance.
For clearer explanation the technical solution of the utility model, below the accompanying drawing of required use during embodiment is described is briefly described, apparent, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only embodiment more of the present utility model, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, circuit structure is by transformer 12, power inverter 13, alternating current filter 14, current sample module 15, controller 17, driver element 18 and signal picker 19 for the disclosed a kind of full energy feedback type electrical network simulator power electronics topological structure of the utility model; Wherein transformer 12 three-phase output ends are distinguished the three-phase input end of access power converters 13, signal after energy conversion is received respectively the input of alternating current filter filter 14, after device filtering high order harmonic component, as electrical network dummy source, for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, test after filtering.Current Hall transducer 15 is connected to A phase and the B phase of alternating current filter 14, and the current signal of collection passes to controller 17, sends driving pulse to driver element 18 after controller internal calculation; Signal picker 19 passes to controller 17 by signals such as the voltage collecting, electric current, temperature.
Three-phase mains is input to rectifier 31 after isolating via Industrial Frequency Transformer 12.Transformer adopting triangular structure, civil power side 22 is hub-and-spoke configuration, power inverter side 23 is triangular form structure.
Power inverter 13 is comprised of two large divisions, is respectively three-phase rectifier 31 and three-phase inverter 32.As shown in Figure 2, three-phase rectifier 31 is comprised of Q1, D1, Q2, D2, Q3, D3, Q4, D4, Q5, D5, Q6, D6, C1, and these devices are power electronic device.Q1 and D1 parallel connection, Q2 and D2 parallel connection, Q3 and D3 parallel connection, Q4 and D4 parallel connection, Q5 and D5 parallel connection, Q6 and D6 parallel connection.Bus capacitor C1 anodal with Q1 Q3 Q5 drain electrode, D1 D3 D5 anodic bonding, negative pole and Q2 Q4 Q6 source electrode, D4 D2 D6 negative electrode be connected.Three-phase rectifier 31 is changed three-phase alternating current, boost into the direct voltage needing, and this electric pressure can be by User Defined, to meet various testing requirements.Three-phase inverter 32 is comprised of Q7, D7, Q8, D8, Q9, D9, Q10, D10, Q11, D11, Q12, D12, C2, and these devices are power electronic device.Q7 and D7 parallel connection, Q8 and D8 parallel connection, Q9 and D9 parallel connection, Q10 and D10 parallel connection, Q11 and D11 parallel connection, Q12 and D12 parallel connection.Bus capacitor C2 anodal with Q7 Q9 Q11 drain electrode, D7 D9 D11 anodic bonding, negative pole and Q8 Q10 Q10 source electrode, D8 D10 D12 negative electrode be connected.Direct voltage after rectification is reverse into three-phase alternating current via three-phase inverter 32.The amplitude of three-phase alternating current, frequency can regulate in real time, and regulations speed, amplitude can freely be defined by user, to meet various test requests.
In the present embodiment, rectifier 31 and inverter 32 are serially connected, and capacitor C 1 is connected by copper bar or cable with C2.
In the present embodiment, alternating current filter 14 is LC type, ac filter inductance 41 and ac filter electric capacity 42, consists of.As shown in Figure 2, ac filter inductance 41 is wound on three-phase pillar iron silicon and is made by aluminium foil.Ac filter electric capacity 42 is comprised of the thin-film capacitor of delta connection; Adopt the LCL mode filter similar to the present embodiment also at protection category of the present utility model.
The sampling that current sample module 15 realizes load current, position is after ac filter electric capacity 14; Can adopt load current Hall element to realize.
From the above, line voltage, after Industrial Frequency Transformer isolation, through AC-DC-AC conversion, is converted to controlled alternating current and supplies with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter or other loads use.
Controller 17 is enforcement unit of realizing control method, and voltage, circuit signal are converted to weak electric signal via data acquisition unit 19, after controller 17 computings, sends switching signal.Driver element 18 is to drive power electronic device to realize the performance element of switch motion.Signal gathering unit 19 is responsible for sampling direct voltage and electric current, alternating voltage and electric current etc.
In the disclosed electrical network simulator of the utility model control method, according to the flow process of the mode of operation computing reference voltage of customer selecting as shown in Figure 3, realize the control method of electrical network simulator mode of operation selection all by digital control realization, comprise mode selecting unit 110, reference voltage computing unit 111, reference voltage output unit 112, Clarke conversion (CLARK) unit 113 and park transforms (PARK) 11 unit 4; Wherein (1) mode selecting unit 110 functions provide three kinds of test patterns to select for user, are respectively fixed voltage mode selecting unit 101, slope gradual-change mode selected cell 102, low-voltage crossing mode selecting unit 103.
When user selects 101 work of fixed voltage pattern, by output voltage setting unit 104, calculate a magnitude of voltage, electrical network simulator can be according to this magnitude of voltage constant output, the electric network state while being used for simulating stable state.
When user selects 102 work of slope gradual-change mode, change in voltage slope setting unit 105, according to setting voltage and time, calculates a slope value, and electrical network simulator can change output voltage according to this slope, state while being used for simulating grid voltage gradient, output form as shown in Figure 4.
The utility model provides voltage gradient digital control method, supposes that electrical network simulator work at present voltage magnitude is U1, and after gradual change, voltage magnitude is U2, and the gradual change time is T, calculates so the slope K 1 of continuous domain
K1=(U2-U1)/T (1)
Continuous domain K1 need to be transferred to the slope K 2 of discrete domain so that digital signal processor (DSP) realization
K2=K1/(
) (2)
Wherein,
;
: single civil power period discrete is counted.
When user selects low-voltage crossing pattern 103, voltage fall the degree of depth and recovery time setting unit 106 according to user's needs, the situation in simulating grid when sudden change, output form as shown in Figure 5.
(2) mode of operation that reference voltage computing unit 111 is selected according to user, calculates corresponding reference voltage;
(3)
In formula (3), constant voltage mode, U0 is operational voltage value under normality;
Slope pattern, n is the count value under discrete;
Low-voltage crossing pattern, U
lfor the magnitude of voltage of falling process, U
bfor falling the value of recovery;
(3) by above-mentioned reference voltage U, calculate each phase reference voltage:
(4)
(4) above-mentioned reference voltage, via Clarke conversion, (CLARK) 113 is converted to two-phase rest frame reference value, and transformation for mula is as follows.
(5)
Wherein, transformation matrix
(5) reference voltage under two-phase rest frame is converted to two-phase rotating coordinate system reference value via park transforms (PARK) 114, and transformation for mula is as follows.
(6)
Wherein, transformation matrix
After above-mentioned formula calculates, reference voltage has been transformed into two-phase direct current signal from three-phase sinusoidal signal, simplifies the difficulty of controlling, and has improved the precision of controlling.
In the disclosed electrical network simulator of the utility model control method, according to the above-mentioned reference voltage result calculating
,
, a kind of voltage, double current loop modulation algorithm are provided, meanwhile, added load current, voltage feedforward control, to control and stablize, dynamic response is fast.
Because d axle and q axle have identical control method, therefore only provide the control loop of d axle herein, as shown in Figure 6.
Voltage loop 115 is outer shrouds of controlling, and for raising system has added load-current feedforward 116 to the dynamic response of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter or other load, output is as the reference of electric current loop 117.The effect of current inner loop 117 structures is to increase system damping, improves the stability of system.In order to reduce the steady-state error of system, at inner looping, introduce again the compensated loop 118 of output voltage, thereby by changing the structure of control object, the steady-state error that makes system can realize in the ideal case step input is zero, and can obtains the control performance of expectation.
Compare with existing SPWM modulation technique, it is high by 15.47% compared with SPWM that the space vector SVPWM that the utility model adopts drives pulsewidth to calculate 119 direct voltage utilances, and waveform quality is high, the advantage that linear modulation region is wide.
Fig. 7 is that the utility model is operated in voltage and falls voltage, the practical measurement of current waveform under pattern.Amplitude be approximately zero be voltage waveform, can see and enter and exit in the process that no-voltage passes through, voltage magnitude meets national grid completely about the test condition of photovoltaic inverter grid-connected.
Through on-the-spot application verification, the utility model can safely and steadily run the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter test occasion in the following power grade of 630kVA.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all any modifications of doing within spirit of the present utility model and principle, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection range of the present utility model.